CN102710166B - Friction generator - Google Patents
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- CN102710166B CN102710166B CN201210160542.6A CN201210160542A CN102710166B CN 102710166 B CN102710166 B CN 102710166B CN 201210160542 A CN201210160542 A CN 201210160542A CN 102710166 B CN102710166 B CN 102710166B
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Abstract
The invention provides a friction generator, which comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and an intermediate film, wherein the first electrode comprises a first macromoleclar polymer insulation layer of which one side surface is provided with a conductive film; the second electrode comprises a second macromoleclar polymer insulation layer of which one side surface is provided with a conductive film; the intermediate film is fixed on the other side surface of the second macromoleclar polymer insulation layer; the non-fixed surface of the intermediate film is provided with a micro-nano concave-convex structure; the surface of the micro-nano concave-convex structure of the intermediate film on the second electrode and the surface without the conductive film of the first electrode are oppositely fit and are mutually fixedly connected; and the conductive film of the first macromoleclar polymer insulation layer and the conductive film of the second macromoleclar polymer insulation layer are both the voltage and current output electrodes of the friction generator. The invention provides an innovated and effective method by the friction action, and electricity energy is generated by the variation of internal friction electrification electric potential and the induction effect of metal pole plates on two sides. The method is simple and efficient and has low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT), especially relate to a kind of miniature friction Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT).
Background technology
Adopt collection of energy and the conversion equipment of nanometer technology, due to self power generation and the self-driven character of its uniqueness, probably in manufacture and driving self-powered nano-device and nanosystems device, play critical effect, receive various countries researcher recently and more and more pay close attention to.2006, georgia ,u.s.a Institute of Technology Wang Zhonglin taught seminar and successfully achieves the piezoelectric type nano generator utilizing zinc oxide nanowire changes mechanical energy to be become electric energy first.Subsequently, based on piezoelectric effect, the various nano generators based on different materials and structure are developed in succession.At present, the power output of nano generator is enough to drive commercial light-emitting diode (LED), small liquid crystal display, even self-power wireless data transfer equipment.Power density also reaches 1-10mW/cm
3.
Generally, generator is that one can generate electric charge, is separated by positive and negative charge, and drives the method for free electron stream with the electric charge that electromotive force produces, and it can based on electromagnetism, piezoelectricity, thermoelectricity, even electrostatic effect.The piezoelectricity electromotive force that nano generator relies on zinc oxide nanowire to generate achieves generating.On the other hand, friction electricity and electrostatic phenomenon are a kind of very general phenomenons, being present in every aspect in our daily life, driving etc. from walking to.Because it is difficult to be collected and utilize, often a kind of energy form of ignoring by people.If we can collect fricative electric energy by a kind of new method or utilize the method that kinetic energy irregular in daily life is changed into utilizable electric energy, produce material impact by our daily life.By the end of so far, static micro generator is developed successfully, and is used widely in micro electronmechanical (MEMS) field.But the design of miniature electrostatic generator is mainly based on inorganic silicon material, and the manufacture of device needs complicated technique and accurate operation.The preparation of whole device needs large-scale instrument and equipment and special working condition, and cost is too high, is unfavorable for commercialization and the daily use of generator.Application number is that the Chinese invention patent document of 200910080638.X discloses a kind of revolving frictional generator, this generator utilizes frictional electricity phenomenon to generate electricity, the friction material on stator of outer casing inner wall contacts with the friction rotor material tight of armature spindle drum outer wall, by rotor beam barrel, make friction material on stator and the spin friction of friction rotor storeroom, generation current, and exported by rotor output.But this revolving frictional generator needs specific mechanical energy to drive, can not be used for collecting and changing irregular kinetic energy, as motion and the unordered wind energy etc. of human muscle's part, and this device generating efficiency is not high.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves problems of the prior art to provide the friction generator that a kind of applied environment is wider, generating efficiency is higher.
The invention provides a kind of friction generator, comprise the first electrode, the second electrode and film between two parties, described first electrode comprises the first high molecular polymer insulating barrier that a side surface is provided with conductive film; Described second electrode comprises the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier that a side surface is provided with conductive film; Described film is between two parties third high Molecularly Imprinted Polymer insulating barrier, and one side surface is provided with micro-nano concaveconvex structure, the surface that described film does not between two parties arrange micro-nano concaveconvex structure is fixed on the surface of the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier not arranging conductive film, forms one with the second electrode; The surface that described on described second electrode, the surface of film micro-nano concaveconvex structure and the first electrode do not arrange conductive film between two parties is just mutually permanently connected to laminating; Conductive film on the conductive film of described first high molecular polymer insulating barrier and the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier is the voltage and current output electrode of friction generator.
The present invention also provides a kind of triboelectricity unit, is undertaken connecting or composing in parallel by monomer friction generator of the present invention, to improve the power output of output current or unit are.
First high molecular polymer insulating barrier of the present invention, the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, third high Molecularly Imprinted Polymer insulating barrier material can be identical, also can be different.If the material of three floor height Molecularly Imprinted Polymer insulating barriers is all identical, the quantity of electric charge of triboelectrification can be caused very little.First high molecular polymer insulating barrier is preferably identical with the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, can reduce material category, makes making of the present invention convenient.
Further in preferred situation, described first high molecular polymer insulating barrier and the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, third high Molecularly Imprinted Polymer insulating barrier are transparent material.Described first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, third high Molecularly Imprinted Polymer insulating barrier are be selected from the one in transparent high polymer PETG (PET), dimethyl silicone polymer (PDMS), polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), Merlon (PC) and polymeric liquid crystal copolymer (LCP) separately.Described conductive film is the one in indium tin oxide (ITO), Graphene electrodes and nano silver wire film.After adopting above-mentioned preferred material, at this moment whole device is a full transparent and soft device.Transparent generating function of the present invention is used in high definition liquid crystal display, touch-screen and other self-driven electronic display fields such as the screen of smart mobile phone.
Described first electrode, the second electrode and between two parties film be flexible flat structure, for by its arbitrarily bending, distortion cause described electrode triboelectrification.Flexible flat structure can expand the applied environment of friction generator, collects and change irregular kinetic energy, as motion and the unordered wind energy etc. of human muscle's part.
The micro-nano concaveconvex structure of described film surface is between two parties that nanoscale is to micron-sized concaveconvex structure.The micro-nano concaveconvex structure of described film surface is between two parties the concaveconvex structure of rule, and concaveconvex structure is striated, cubic type, rectangular pyramid or cylindrical middle one.Described micro-nano concaveconvex structure is the concaveconvex structure of nanoscale to micron machine; Micro-nano is concavo-convex preferably nano level concavo-convex, and size is 50nm-300nm, and nano concavo-convex can make CONTACT WITH FRICTION area increase, thus improves triboelectrification efficiency.
When friction generator provided by the invention does not need to be made into all-transparent especially, and ensure that described first high molecular polymer insulating barrier is under the different prerequisite of described third high Molecularly Imprinted Polymer insulating barrier material, described first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, third high Molecularly Imprinted Polymer insulating barrier is respectively and is selected from polyimide film, aniline-formaldehyde resin film, polyformaldehyde film, ethyl cellulose film, polyamide film, melamino-formaldehyde film, polyethylene glycol succinate film, cellophane, cellulose acetate film, polyethylene glycol adipate film, polydiallyl phthalate film, fiber (regeneration) sponge films, elastic polyurethane body thin film, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer film, styrene-butadiene-copolymer film, staple fibre film, poly-methyl film, methacrylic acid ester film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyester film, polyisobutene film, polyurethane flexible sponge films, pet film, polyvinyl butyral film, formaldehyde-phenol film, neoprene film, butadiene-propylene copolymer film, natural rubber films, polyacrylonitrile film, one in acrylonitrile vinyl chloride film and polyethylene third diphenol carbonate thin film.
Certainly, during without the need to the present invention is made all-transparent, described conductive film can be metallic film, and described metallic film can be the material of any one conduction, as conducting polymer, stainless steel etc.; Be preferably the one in gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium, tin and alloy thereof, thickness is preferably 50nm-200nm.Described conductive film can be plated on surface of insulating layer by vacuum sputtering or vapour deposition method.
Described first electrode is connected by adhesive tape with the outer ledge of the second electrode.Described first electrode is connected by modes such as adhesive tapes with the outer ledge of the second electrode.
Friction electric generator provided by the invention relies on the charge pump effect of friction electromotive force, this kind of method being simple, low cost and can be mass-produced.Based on double-decker, electricity exports and reaches crest voltage 18V, electric current 0.7 μ A.Compared with other miniature energy collection method existing, friction electric generator of the present invention has the advantage of following uniqueness.First, this is a kind of novel electricity generator based on the principle of novelty and method, and it is possibly for the investigation and application of organic electronic device and flexible electronic opens up new research field; Secondly, the manufacturing process of whole device does not need expensive raw material and advanced manufacturing equipment, and this will be conducive to its large-scale industrial production and practical application.Finally, this device, based on flexible polymer sheet, is easily processed, the long service life of device, and easily and other processing technology integrated.Friction electric generator shows its good application prospect, energy can be obtained from numerous irregular activities such as mankind's activity, tyre rotation, wave, mechanical oscillation, for personal electric product, environmental monitoring, medical science etc. provide self-powered and self-propelling device, there are huge commercialization and practical potentiality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of friction generator of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the manufacturing process schematic diagram of a kind of specific embodiment of friction generator of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the micro-nano of the film surface between two parties concaveconvex structure schematic diagram of a kind of specific embodiment of friction generator of the present invention.
In figure: 1-conductive film, 2-first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, 3-ammeter, 4-is film between two parties, 5-second high molecular polymer insulating barrier.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further.
It is the friction generator typical structure of an all-transparent based on high molecular polymer shown in accompanying drawing 1.Friction generator is just as a sandwich structure be made up of two kinds of different polymer sheets, and two polymer sheets are stacked each other on together, therebetween one film between two parties.As shown in fig. la, PETG (PET) is as the first high molecular polymer insulating barrier 2, and be coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive film 1 at one side surface, by this insulating barrier 2 and conductive film 1, this two-layerly forms the first electrode.Another electrode is also using PETG (PET) as the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier 5, and is coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive film 1 at one side surface; Film 4 is between two parties pasted with unlike on the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier 5, film 4 is dimethyl silicone polymer (PDMS) film between two parties, film is formed as the micro-nano concaveconvex structure of well-regulated rectangular pyramid between two parties, jointly forms the second electrode by ito thin film, PET and PDMS film.The ito thin film of the first electrode is all connected with ammeter 3 with the output electrode of voltage as electric current with the ito thin film of the second electrode.As shown in Figure of description 1b, when friction generator bends, the PET film friction of PDMS film and the first electrode induces electric charge, and charge inducing forms built-in potential, on conductive film ITO, induce electric charge respectively further, be communicated with external circuit and get final product generation current.
As shown in Figure 2, the manufacture method of above-mentioned all-transparent generator is provided.First make patterned silicon template (being designated as Si mold in figure), the silicon chip in 4 inches of (100) crystal orientation uses the method for photoetching to make the figure of rule on surface.The silicon chip carrying out figure carries out anisotropic etching by the technique of wet etching, carves the rectangular pyramid array structure of spill, carries out by the technique at dry quarter the cubic array structure that isotropic etching carves spill.Template acetone after carving well and isopropyl alcohol clean up, and then all templates all carry out the process of surface silanization in the atmosphere of trim,ethylchlorosilane (Sigma Aldrich Inc.), handle silicon template well stand-by.Make the PDMS film with micro-structure surface, first PDMS precursor and curing agent (Sylgard184, Tow Corning) are mixed with the mass ratio of 10:1.Then mixture is coated on silicon template surface, after Vacuum Degassing Process, adopts the mode of rotary coating to be removed by mixture unnecessary for silicon chip surface, form the PDMS liquid film of thin layer.Whole template is solidified 1 hour in the environment of 85 degrees Celsius, the later layer PDMS film uniformly with specific microstructure array just can peel off from template.Then, this film is fixed on PETG (PET) the insulating barrier side being coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive layer that a slice is clean, fixing method is as tack coat with the thin uncured PDMS layer of one deck.After overcuring, PDMS film is just firmly fixed on the insulating barrier of PET.Then, then the PET film another being coated with ITO covers on PDMS layer, forms the device of a similar sandwich structure.Transparent electroconductive ITO electrode is arranged at the top of device and bottom.Two short lateral edges normal transparent adhesive tape bondings of device ensure that pet layer and PDMS layer have enough contacts area in interface.Then starch by two copper conductors respectively from being fixed on two panels ITO electrode up and down with silver, so far prepared by whole flexible and transparent nano generator.Be fixed as 4.5cm × 1.2cm by unified for the effective dimensions of generator, the thickness of whole device is approximately 460 μm.
In accompanying drawing 2, provide three kinds of PDMS graphic array manufacturing process, comprise striated, cubic type and rectangular pyramid.The surperficial micrograph of these three kinds of micro-nano concaveconvex structures is as shown in accompanying drawing 3a-c, and the array element size of each PDMS is restricted to about 10 microns.The graphic array with more small scale unit can be produced out equally, and its yardstick is little of 5 microns, and has same high-quality characteristics, illustration be show be 45 ° of inclination magnification images.High-resolution SEM photo shows, all array elements are all very even Sum fanction, illustrates that this is an effectively method of preparation large scale uniform plastic micro-structural.The more important thing is, each rectangular pyramid unit has the pointed tip of a full geometry structure, and this will be conducive to the electric energy delivery efficiency that it increases friction area and raising nano generator in power generation process.In addition, the PDMS film prepared has good retractility and the transparency.
In order to characterize the electric energy output performance of the above-mentioned friction generator made, contrast being done to the device with different-shape PDMS film and characterizes.When controlling the bending of nano generator and release (in the frequency of 0.33Hz and the deformation of 0.13%) with a linear electric machine motor with certain frequency, there is the maximum output voltage of the device of rectangular pyramid structure and current signal respectively up to 18V and 0.7A (0.13A/cm
2current density), can compare favourably with those piezoelectric generators based on piezoelectric and somewhat complex design.Compared to flat sheet membranes nano generator, the delivery efficiency of the generator of regular graphic array significantly increases, and is attributable to two principal elements: (1) has the friction effect of the film of micro-nano concaveconvex structure far away higher than the flat sheet membranes of condition of equivalent thickness.A uniform rough surface has larger contact area, can produce more surface charge in friction process.(2) film with micro-nano concaveconvex structure in friction process in it capacity of electric capacity significantly improve, this is the increase of existence due to air void and effective dielectric constant.When two panels polymer film complete bonded time, minimizing and the weakening of frictional behaviour of air void can cause electric energy fan-out capability obviously to reduce.Therefore, based on the device of rectangular pyramid or cube structure PDMS film compared with the dull and stereotyped device without micro-nano concaveconvex structure, its electric energy exports and almost improves 5-6 times.
In this specific embodiment, the characteristic unifications such as flexibility, the output of high electric energy and the transparency are integrated in single micro-nano generator.Solve the application problem of micro-nano generator at some specific area, but invention is not limited to make transparence especially.
Another embodiment is also structure as shown in Figure 1, (4.5cm × 1.2cm) polyimide film (thickness 125 μm of a rectangle is adopted unlike the first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, Du Pont 500HN, Kapton), one side surface is coated with alloy metal film 1 (thickness 100nm by the method for sputter coating, Au), two-layer formation first electrode; Another electrode is also (4.5cm × 1.2cm) polyimide film (thickness 125 μm of rectangle, Du Pont 500HN, Kapton) as the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier 5, and be coated with alloy metal film 1 (thickness 100nm at one side surface by the method for sputter coating, Au), film 4 is flexible polymethyl methacrylate (thickness 50 μm between two parties, PMMA), the micro-nano concaveconvex structure of well-regulated rectangular pyramid on film between two parties, alloy firm, Kapton and PMMA film form the second electrode jointly.The alloy firm of the first electrode and the alloy firm of the second electrode, as the output electrode of electric current and voltage, are connected with ammeter 3.The present embodiment test result is, maximum output voltage and current signal are respectively 12V and 0.5A (0.07A/cm
2current density).
Friction generator of the present invention meets the linear superposition theorem that basic circuit connects, when namely no matter being connected to measurement mechanism forward or backwards, total output current can be enhanced (equidirectional) in the mode of devices in parallel or reduce (contrary direction).Thus can utilize the mode of the multiple friction electric generator of parallel connection, and utilize the thin panel construction of friction electric generator can assemble Multilayer generator simultaneously, increase output current thus.Certainly the power output of unit are also can be improved by the mode of multiple friction electric generator of connecting.
Invention demonstrates a method and a kind ofly utilize rubbing action to obtain the innovation of energy and effective method.Friction electric generator relies on the inductive effect of the internal friction electrification change of electromotive force and both sides metal polar plate to produce electric energy, and it is a kind of method of simple, efficient and low cost.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned execution mode, and when not deviating from flesh and blood of the present invention, any distortion that those skilled in the art can expect, improvement, replacement all fall into scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. a friction generator, comprises the first electrode, the second electrode and film between two parties,
Described first electrode comprises the first high molecular polymer insulating barrier that a side surface is provided with conductive film;
Described second electrode comprises the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier that a side surface is provided with conductive film;
Described film is between two parties third high Molecularly Imprinted Polymer insulating barrier, and one side surface is provided with micro-nano concaveconvex structure;
The surface that described film does not between two parties arrange micro-nano concaveconvex structure is fixed on the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier and does not arrange the side of conductive film on the surface, forms one with the second electrode;
On described second electrode, the surface that the surface of film micro-nano concaveconvex structure and the first electrode do not arrange conductive film between two parties is just mutually permanently connected to laminating;
Conductive film on the conductive film of described first high molecular polymer insulating barrier and the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier is the voltage and current output electrode of friction generator.
2. friction generator according to claim 1, the material of described first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, described second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, described third high Molecularly Imprinted Polymer insulating barrier is different.
3. friction generator according to claim 1, described first high molecular polymer insulating barrier material is identical with described second high molecular polymer insulating barrier material, and different from described third high Molecularly Imprinted Polymer insulating barrier material.
4. friction generator according to claim 1, described first high molecular polymer insulating barrier material is different from described third high Molecularly Imprinted Polymer insulating barrier material.
5. friction generator according to claim 4, described first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, described second high molecular polymer insulating barrier and described third high Molecularly Imprinted Polymer insulating barrier are transparent material.
6. friction generator according to claim 5, the material of described first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, described second high molecular polymer insulating barrier and described third high Molecularly Imprinted Polymer insulating barrier is respectively the one be selected from separately in transparent high polymer PETG, dimethyl silicone polymer, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, Merlon and polymeric liquid crystal copolymer.
7. the friction generator according to claim 5 or 6, described conductive film is the one in indium tin oxide, Graphene electrodes and nano silver wire film.
8. friction generator according to claim 1, described first electrode, the second electrode and between two parties film be flexible flat structure, they cause described electrode triboelectrification by any bending or distortion.
9. friction generator according to claim 1, the micro-nano concaveconvex structure of described film surface is between two parties that nanoscale is to micron-sized concaveconvex structure.
10. friction generator according to claim 9, the micro-nano concaveconvex structure of described film surface is between two parties well-regulated concaveconvex structure, concaveconvex structure be striated, cubic type, rectangular pyramid or cylindrical in one.
11. friction generator according to claim 4, described high molecular polymer insulating barrier is for being selected from polyimide film, aniline-formaldehyde resin film, polyformaldehyde film, ethyl cellulose film, polyamide film, melamino-formaldehyde film, polyethylene glycol succinate film, cellophane, cellulose acetate film, polyethylene glycol adipate film, polydiallyl phthalate film, fiber (regeneration) sponge films, elastic polyurethane body thin film, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer film, styrene-butadiene-copolymer film, staple fibre film, poly-methyl film, methacrylic acid ester film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyester film, polyisobutene film, polyurethane flexible sponge films, pet film, polyvinyl butyral film, formaldehyde-phenol film, neoprene film, butadiene-propylene copolymer film, natural rubber films, polyacrylonitrile film, one in acrylonitrile vinyl chloride film and polyethylene third diphenol carbonate thin film.
12. friction generator according to claim 1, described first electrode is connected by adhesive tape with the outer ledge of the second electrode.
13. friction generator according to claim 1, the conductive film on described first high molecular polymer insulating barrier and the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier is plated on surface of insulating layer by vacuum sputtering or vapour deposition method.
14. friction generator according to claim 1, described conductive film is metallic film, and its material is be selected from the one in gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium, tin or its alloy.
15. 1 kinds of triboelectricity units, in parallel or be composed in series by the monomer friction generator described in claim 1-14.
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