CN102983771A - Pulse width modulation method for modularization multi-level converter - Google Patents
Pulse width modulation method for modularization multi-level converter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of electrical power systems, and particularly relates to a pulse width modulation method for a modularization multi-level converter. The modularization multi-level converter (MMC) is composed of three phases and six bridge arms, each bridge arm comprises n sub-modules and an alternating current reactor, and the n sub-modules are successively connected in series. Each sub-module comprises two insulated gate bipolar translator (IGBT), a half-bridge structure and a capacitor, anti-parallel diodes of the IGBT constitute the half-bridge structure, and the half-bridge structure is connected with the capacitor in parallel. The pulse width modulation method includes the following steps: A three-phase saddle-shaped modulating waves are produced; B the saddle-shaped modulating waves and triangle carrier waves are compared to produce pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals; and C the PWM signals are used for controlling the MMC. The method has the advantages of achieving on-line computation easily, achieving engineering simply, being high in direct voltage use ratio, being capable of reducing the quantity of modules in the same voltage power level, and capable of lowering cost, and being obvious in effect when volume is large.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of power, be specifically related to a kind of pulse duration modulation method for modularization multi-level converter.
Background technology
Modularization multi-level converter (MMC) is a kind of novel topological structure that adopts a plurality of submodule series connection, and its each phase brachium pontis is divided into brachium pontis and lower brachium pontis, and upper and lower brachium pontis is followed in series to form by N identical submodule and AC reactor respectively.Each submodule is made of with electric capacity in parallel the half-bridge structure that two insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) and anti-paralleled diode thereof form.Each submodule is a two terminal device, and it can be simultaneously in the switching of carrying out in the situation of two kinds of senses of current between full module voltage and zero module voltage.
Modularization multi-level converter (MMC) has been avoided the technological difficulties of device series connection, and output waveform is many level, effectively reduces physical switch frequency and the switching loss of switching device; The peculiar modular construction of MMC makes its flexible design, is beneficial to batch production; Be convenient to minute phase control and modularized design, but by redundant technique bypass trouble unit, and then improve the device operational reliability; The devices switch frequency is lower, and the device running wastage is less.
Based on above characteristics, modularization multi-level converter extremely is adapted at using in flexible DC power transmission system and the THE UPFC (UPFC), advantage in high-power is used is particularly evident, will be one of main flow topology of multi-level converter of future generation.
Pulse-width modulation (PWM) modulator approach that is used for modularization multi-level converter (MMC) mainly contains space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM), optimizes PWM method and phase-shifting carrier wave PWM method etc.The SVPWM method is because calculation of complex, and redundant vector selects the factor such as difficulty to use in greater than the converter of three level seldom when number of levels is many.Optimize the PWM method because its good harmonic performance has obtained certain application, but need to find the solution in advance complicated transcendental equation and a large amount of switch angle of storage, can not be in line computation, dynamic property is relatively poor, thereby has been subject to certain restriction.Comparatively speaking, the phase-shifting carrier wave modulated applications is more extensive.Phase-shifting carrier wave PWM is identical with conventional sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), and modulating wave is sinusoidal wave, and carrier wave is triangular wave or sawtooth waveforms.Phase-shifting carrier wave has advantage: be under any fundamental frequency at any modulation ratio M, output voltage keeps identical switching frequency; There is not the unbalanced power problem between the modular unit; Triangular carrier phase-shift PWM mode can present modularized design etc. mutually for each.Therefore phase-shifting carrier wave PWM becomes the standard P WM control method of modularization multi-level converter.But the modulating wave of phase-shifting carrier wave PWM is sinusoidal wave, and the DC bus-bar voltage utilance is 86.6% only, has limited its application in the high-power occasion.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of pulse width modulation mode of modularization multi-level converter, the method uses a kind of new shape of a saddle modulating wave and triangular carrier relatively to generate the PWM modulation signal on the basis of phase-shifting carrier wave PWM method; The method has following characteristics: be easy in line computation, Project Realization is simple; The direct voltage utilance is high; Equal voltage power grade can reduce number of modules, can reduce cost, and capacity is larger, and effect is more obvious.
The objective of the invention is to adopt following technical proposals to realize:
A kind of pulse duration modulation method for modularization multi-level converter, described modularization multi-level converter MMC is made of three-phase six brachium pontis; Each brachium pontis comprises connect successively N submodule and an AC reactor; Described submodule comprises half-bridge structure and the electric capacity that two insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBTs and anti-paralleled diode thereof form; Described half-bridge structure and Capacitance parallel connection;
Its improvements are that described method comprises the steps:
A, generation three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave;
B, more described three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave and triangular carrier produce pwm signal;
C, described pwm signal are controlled modularization multi-level converter MMC.
Preferably, in the described steps A, generate three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave and comprise the steps:
A, get the three phase sine voltage U respectively
a, U
bAnd U
cInstantaneous maximum U
MaxWith instantaneous minimum value U
Min
B, get described instantaneous maximum U
MaxWith instantaneous minimum value U
MinMean value, to described mean value negate to, obtain residual voltage U
p
C, with residual voltage U
pWith described three phase sine voltage U
a, U
bAnd U
cSuperpose respectively, obtain three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave U
a', U
b' and U
c'.
More preferably, described instantaneous maximum U
Max, instantaneous minimum value U
MinWith residual voltage U
pRespectively with 1. following-3. formula represents:
U
max＝max{U
a，U
b，U
c} ①；
U
min＝min{U
a，U
b，U
c} ②；
U
p＝-1/2(U
max+U
min) ③。
More preferably, described three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave U
a', U
b' and U
c' represent with following 4. formula:
Preferably, the equivalent switching frequency of described modularization multi-level converter MMC is high, and the switching frequency of the submodule in every phase brachium pontis is low, and the frequency of described triangular carrier is got the 2-10 integral multiple of power frequency.
More preferably, the position of described three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave starting point is selected in rising edge or the trailing edge place at zero point of described triangular carrier.
More preferably, N submodule in every phase brachium pontis all adopts low switching frequency, and switching frequency is identical with the frequency of triangular carrier, and N submodule all has identical carrier wave ratio K
cTriangular carrier with modulation degree m.
Preferably, among the described step B, more described three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave and triangular carrier produce pwm signal and comprise the steps:
I, make triangular carrier initial phase corresponding to each submodule move successively 2 π/N phase angle;
II, will move the 2 π/triangular carrier at N phase angle and compare with the shape of a saddle modulating wave of the corresponding phase that obtains;
III, the amplitude of judging shape of a saddle modulating wave and the size of triangular carrier amplitude: if the amplitude of shape of a saddle modulating wave less than the amplitude of triangular carrier, the Output rusults that then compares is 0; If the amplitude of shape of a saddle modulating wave is greater than the amplitude of triangular carrier, the Output rusults that then compares is 1; Produce thus this phase N group PWM modulation signal.
Preferably, among the described step C, the pwm signal that produces is controlled modularization multi-level converter MMC: the N of an every phase pwm signal removes a respectively driving N sub-modular unit, a described N pwm signal is corresponding one by one with N submodule, the upper switching tube 1 of corresponding positive signal control submodule uses the reverse negative signal of corresponding positive signal to control the lower switching tube 2 of submodule.
More preferably, N the submodule output voltage that drops into is superimposed, thus obtain the PWM output voltage waveforms of the phase brachium pontis of modularization multi-level converter MMC.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect that reaches of the present invention is:
1, the pulse duration modulation method for modularization multi-level converter provided by the invention is easy in line computation, and Project Realization is simple;
2, the pulse duration modulation method for modularization multi-level converter provided by the invention, the output line voltage amplitude can reach the value of direct-current input power supplying voltage E, improves more than 15% than SPWM mode direct voltage utilance, and maximum percentage modulation can reach 0.907;
3, the pulse duration modulation method for modularization multi-level converter provided by the invention, there is not harmonic wave in the first-harmonic frequency domain, does not therefore exist low-order harmonic to disturb the problem of first-harmonic;
4, the pulse duration modulation method for modularization multi-level converter provided by the invention, residual voltage is the frequency tripling harmonic wave, three-phase without middle wire system in, the frequency tripling harmonic current does not have path, so there is not the frequency tripling harmonic wave in three-phase line voltage and line current.
5, the pulse duration modulation method for modularization multi-level converter provided by the invention, sideband is wider, and the main harmonic components in the frequency conversion band resolves into a pair of to the less more approaching harmonic wave of amplitude;
6, the pulse duration modulation method for modularization multi-level converter provided by the invention, switching frequency is identical with the triangular carrier frequency, can make the load distribution of converter upper and lower bridge arm equate that the power rating of switching tube can be given full play to;
7, the pulse duration modulation method for modularization multi-level converter provided by the invention, because the direct voltage utilance is high, the number of modules that MMC uses under equal voltage, the power grade reduces relatively, can reduce cost, and capacity is larger, and effect is more obvious.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is three phase sine voltage provided by the invention and residual voltage oscillogram;
Fig. 2 is three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave provided by the invention and residual voltage oscillogram;
Fig. 3 is the bright single submodular circuits figure of modularization multi-level converter MMC that provides of this law;
Fig. 4 is the workflow diagram of the pulse duration modulation method for modularization multi-level converter provided by the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Modularization multi-level converter MMC is made of three-phase six brachium pontis; Each brachium pontis comprises connect successively N submodule and an AC reactor; Submodule comprises half-bridge structure and the electric capacity that two insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBTs and anti-paralleled diode thereof form; Half-bridge structure and Capacitance parallel connection; One of them insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT and anti-paralleled diode thereof are called switching tube 1, and another insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT and anti-paralleled diode thereof are called lower switching tube 2.
As shown in Figure 4, Fig. 4 is the workflow diagram of the pulse duration modulation method for modularization multi-level converter provided by the invention, and the method comprises the steps:
A, generation three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave:
Further specify three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave generation method below in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, generate three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave and comprise the steps:
A, get the three phase sine voltage U respectively
a, U
bAnd U
cInstantaneous maximum U
MaxWith instantaneous minimum value U
Min
B, get instantaneous maximum U
MaxWith instantaneous minimum value U
MinMean value, to both mean value negates to, obtain residual voltage U
pInstantaneous maximum U
Max, instantaneous minimum value U
MinWith residual voltage U
pRespectively with 1. following-3. formula represents:
U
max＝max{U
a，U
b，U
c} ①；
U
min＝min{U
a，U
b，U
c} ②；
U
p＝-1/2(U
max+U
min) ③。
C, with residual voltage U
pWith the three phase sine voltage U
a, U
bAnd U
cSuperpose respectively, obtain three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave U
a', U
b' and U
c'.Three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave U
a', U
b' and U
c' represent with following 4. formula:
B, comparison three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave and triangular carrier produce pwm signal:
Modularization multi-level converter MMC equivalent switching frequency is high, and the switching frequency of each submodule is lower, and the 2-10 integral multiple that the frequency of triangular carrier is got power frequency gets final product; The position of modulating wave starting point be selected in triangular wave rising or trailing edge zero point the place for well.
N submodule in every phase brachium pontis all adopts low switching frequency, and switching frequency is identical with the frequency of triangular carrier, and N submodule all has identical carrier wave ratio K
cTriangular carrier with modulation degree m.
Relatively three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave and triangular carrier produce pwm signal and comprise the steps:
I, make triangular carrier initial phase corresponding to each submodule move successively 2 π/N phase angle;
II, will move the 2 π/triangular carrier at N phase angle and compare with the shape of a saddle modulating wave of the corresponding phase that obtains;
III, the amplitude of judging shape of a saddle modulating wave and the size of triangular carrier amplitude: if the amplitude of shape of a saddle modulating wave less than the amplitude of triangular carrier, the Output rusults that then compares is 0; If the amplitude of shape of a saddle modulating wave is greater than the amplitude of triangular carrier, the Output rusults that then compares is 1; Produce thus this phase N group PWM modulation signal.
C, pwm signal are controlled modularization multi-level converter MMC:
The pwm signal that further specifies generation in conjunction with Fig. 3 is to the MMC control mode:
The N of an every phase pwm signal removes a respectively driving N sub-modular unit, and N pwm signal is corresponding one by one with N submodule, and the upper switching tube 1 of corresponding positive signal control submodule uses the reverse negative signal of corresponding positive signal to control the lower switching tube 2 of submodule.
Decide in this way each submodule whether to drop into or excise, N the submodule output voltage that drops into is superimposed, thus obtain the PWM output voltage waveforms of the phase brachium pontis of modularization multi-level converter MMC.All the other brachium pontis in like manner.
Pulse duration modulation method for modularization multi-level converter provided by the invention on the basis of phase-shifting carrier wave PWM method, uses a kind of new shape of a saddle modulating wave and carrier wave ratio to generate the PWM modulation signal.The method is easy in line computation, and Project Realization is simple; The direct voltage utilance is high; Equal voltage power grade can reduce number of modules, reduces cost, and capacity is larger, and effect is more obvious.
Should be noted that at last: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit, although with reference to above-described embodiment the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: still can make amendment or be equal to replacement the specific embodiment of the present invention, and do not break away from any modification of spirit and scope of the invention or be equal to replacement, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. pulse duration modulation method that is used for modularization multi-level converter, described modularization multi-level converter MMC is made of three-phase six brachium pontis; Each brachium pontis comprises connect successively N submodule and an AC reactor; Described submodule comprises half-bridge structure and the electric capacity that two insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBTs and anti-paralleled diode thereof form; Described half-bridge structure and Capacitance parallel connection;
It is characterized in that described method comprises the steps:
A, generation three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave;
B, more described three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave and triangular carrier produce pwm signal;
C, described pwm signal are controlled modularization multi-level converter MMC.
2. pulse duration modulation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described steps A, generates three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave and comprises the steps:
A, get the three phase sine voltage U respectively
a, U
bAnd U
cInstantaneous maximum U
MaxWith instantaneous minimum value U
Min
B, get described instantaneous maximum U
MaxWith instantaneous minimum value U
MinMean value, to described mean value negate to, obtain residual voltage U
p
C, with residual voltage U
pWith described three phase sine voltage U
a, U
bAnd U
cSuperpose respectively, obtain three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave U
a', U
b' and U
c'.
3. pulse duration modulation method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described instantaneous maximum U
Max, instantaneous minimum value U
MmWith residual voltage U
pRespectively with 1. following-3. formula represents:
U
max＝max{U
a，U
b，U
c} ①；
U
min＝min{U
a，U
b，U
c} ②；
U
p＝-1/2(U
max+U
min) ③。
4. pulse duration modulation method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave U
a', U
b' and U
c' represent with following 4. formula:
5. pulse duration modulation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the equivalent switching frequency of described modularization multi-level converter MMC is high, and the switching frequency of the submodule in every phase brachium pontis is low, and the frequency of described triangular carrier is got the 2-10 integral multiple of power frequency.
6. pulse duration modulation method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, the position of described three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave starting point is selected in rising edge or the trailing edge place at zero point of described triangular carrier.
7. pulse duration modulation method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, N submodule in every phase brachium pontis all adopts low switching frequency, and switching frequency is identical with the frequency of triangular carrier, and N submodule all has identical carrier wave ratio K
cTriangular carrier with modulation degree m.
8. pulse duration modulation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, among the described step B, more described three-phase shape of a saddle modulating wave and triangular carrier produce pwm signal and comprise the steps:
I, make triangular carrier initial phase corresponding to each submodule move successively 2 π/N phase angle;
II, will move the 2 π/triangular carrier at N phase angle and compare with the shape of a saddle modulating wave of the corresponding phase that obtains;
III, the amplitude of judging shape of a saddle modulating wave and the size of triangular carrier amplitude: if the amplitude of shape of a saddle modulating wave less than the amplitude of triangular carrier, the Output rusults that then compares is 0; If the amplitude of shape of a saddle modulating wave is greater than the amplitude of triangular carrier, the Output rusults that then compares is 1; Produce thus this phase N group PWM modulation signal.
9. pulse duration modulation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, among the described step C, the pwm signal that produces is controlled modularization multi-level converter MMC: the N of an every phase pwm signal removes a respectively driving N sub-modular unit, a described N pwm signal is corresponding one by one with N submodule, the upper switching tube (1) of corresponding positive signal control submodule uses the reverse negative signal of corresponding positive signal to control the lower switching tube (2) of submodule.
10. pulse duration modulation method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, N the submodule output voltage that drops into is superimposed, thereby obtains the PWM output voltage waveforms of the phase brachium pontis of modularization multi-level converter MMC.
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN102983771B (en) | 2015-04-01 |
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