KR20020024444A - Switching mode power supply with high efficiency - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A switching mode power supply is provided to achieve an improved high efficiency by preventing oscillation even when the switching frequency is raised, while reducing the size of transformer and energy loss. CONSTITUTION: A switching mode power supply comprises a power output unit for outputting a first power and a second power; a switching unit(12) which operates at a predetermined frequency in accordance with a switching signal, chopping the second power into a square wave of the frequency and outputting the result; an inverter unit(14) for receiving the square wave signal having a level of the second power, and amplifying the received signal into a square wave having a level of the first power; and a rectifying and output unit(17) for rectifying the square wave signal output from the inverter unit, and outputting a DC power.

Description

Switching mode power supply with high efficiency

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a switched mode power supply, and more particularly, to a switching mode power supply capable of operating at a high switching frequency by preventing oscillation that may occur in a circuit.

In Switching Mode Power Supply (SMPS), there is an attempt to reduce the energy loss caused by the resistance of the coil by reducing the size of the transformer by increasing the switching frequency (fs) as much as possible and reducing the number of turns of the coil. According to the configuration, even if the switching frequency is more than 100 KHz, oscillation occurs, and when the load is connected to the output terminal, the output voltage drops, and power of the power supply side is not properly transmitted to the load of the output terminal. .

The technical problem to be achieved by the present invention is to completely separate the power supplied to the switching frequency oscillation unit and the power supplied to the main power amplifier in the converter circuit to increase the switching frequency even if the oscillation does not occur various types of power supply can obtain a high efficiency To provide a feeder.

Another technical object of the present invention is to provide a rectifier for converting AC power into input power, which can be used as an input of the power supply with a simpler configuration.

1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a switching mode power supply.

2A and 2B are circuit diagrams showing the configuration of the input rectifier 11 shown in FIG.

2C and 2D are circuit diagrams illustrating an example in which the input rectifier illustrated in FIG. 2B is configured in the form of a module.

FIG. 2E is a diagram showing another configuration of the low voltage generator 25 shown in FIG. 2A.

3A is a circuit diagram showing a basic configuration of an inverter operating in a switching mode.

FIG. 3B is a timing diagram for explaining the operation of each part of the circuit diagram of FIG. 3A.

3C is an example of configuration diagram of the PWM control circuit 31 shown in FIG. 3A.

The circuit M1 shown in FIG. 4A is a more detailed circuit diagram in which an additional circuit is added to the transistor Q2 of the output unit shown in FIG. 3A.

The circuit M2 shown in FIG. 4B is a more detailed circuit diagram in which an additional circuit is added to the transistor Q3 of the output shown in FIG. 3A.

The circuit M3 shown in FIG. 4C shows a configuration in which the circuit shown in FIG. 4A is connected in parallel.

The circuit M4 shown in FIG. 4D shows a configuration in which the circuit shown in FIG. 4C is connected in parallel.

5A is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of a half bridge SMPS.

5B shows a specific configuration of each output module M11 constituting the output rectifiers 57a and b.

FIG. 5C illustrates another configuration of the half bridge inverter of the power supply circuit shown in FIG. 5A.

FIG. 5D is a diagram showing an inverter circuit diagram of a full bridge type.

FIG. 5E illustrates an example of an output rectifying unit used in connection with the bridge inverter unit shown in FIGS. 5A, 5C, or 5D.

FIG. 5F illustrates an example of an output rectifying unit 57g used in connection with the bridge inverter unit shown in FIGS. 5A, 5C, or 5D.

6A is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a push-pull SMPS.

FIG. 6B shows another configuration of the push-pull inverter of the power supply circuit shown in FIG. 6A.

FIG. 6C illustrates an example of an output rectifying unit used in connection with the push-pull inverter unit illustrated in FIG. 6A or 6B.

FIG. 6D shows another circuit example of the output storage portion 67a shown in FIG. 6A.

Switching mode power supply according to the present invention for achieving the above object,

A power output unit configured to output a first power source and a second power source; A switching unit which operates at a predetermined frequency according to a switching signal and outputs the second power by chopping the square wave of the frequency; An inverter unit receiving the square wave signal having the level of the second power and amplifying the square wave signal having the level of the first power; And an output rectifying unit rectifying the square wave signal output from the inverter unit and outputting the rectified square wave signal.

Another switching mode power supply according to the present invention for achieving the above object,

A power output unit configured to output a first power source and a second power source; A switching unit which operates at a predetermined frequency according to a switching signal and outputs the second power by chopping the square wave of the frequency; And first and second switching devices, in which square wave signals having the level of the second power source are input and alternately turned on or off, wherein the first switching elements are turned on in a positive phase of the input square wave signal. While outputting a positive level signal of one power source while the second switching element is turned on in the negative phase of the input square wave signal to output a negative level signal of the first power source, the square wave signal having a level of the first power source It characterized in that it comprises an inverter unit for outputting.

Another switching mode power supply according to the present invention for achieving the above object,

A power output unit configured to output a first power source and a second power source; A switching unit operating at a predetermined frequency according to a switching signal to output the second power by chopping the square wave at the frequency; And an up output part and a down output part alternately turned on or off according to a logic level of the input square wave signal, wherein the middle tap terminal of the first power source forms an output terminal. Set a current path to the middle tap terminal of the first power source through the up output part or set a current path from the middle tap terminal of the first power source to the negative terminal of the first power source through the down output part And an inverter unit receiving the square wave signal having the level of the second power source and amplifying the square wave signal having the level of the first power source.

Another switching mode power supply according to the present invention for achieving the above object,

A power output unit configured to output a first power source and a second power source; A switching unit operating at a predetermined frequency according to a switching signal to output the second power by chopping the square wave at the frequency; And first to fourth output parts that are alternately turned on or off according to a logic level of the input square wave signal, wherein the first output part, the output terminal, and the fourth output part are connected at a positive terminal of the first power source. Setting a current path to the negative terminal of the first power source through the terminal, or (-) terminal of the first power source through the second output unit, the output terminal, and the third output unit at the positive terminal of the first power source. And an inverter unit configured to set a current path to the terminal and to receive a square wave signal having the level of the second power source and to amplify the square wave signal having the level of the first power source.

Another switching mode power supply according to the present invention for achieving the above object,

A power output unit configured to output a first power source and a second power source; A switching unit operating at a predetermined frequency to output the second power by chopping the square wave of the frequency; And an up output part and a down output part alternately turned on or off depending on a logic level of the input square wave signal, wherein the positive terminal of the first power source forms an output terminal. By setting a current path from the terminal to the (-) terminal through the up-output unit or by setting a current path from the (+) terminal of the first power supply to the (-) terminal through the down output unit, And an inverter unit receiving the square wave signal having the level and amplifying the square wave signal having the level of the first power supply.

Another rectifier according to the present invention for achieving the above another object,

An AC input unit configured to receive an AC power supply, clamp an excessive input voltage to a safe level, and block excessive inflow current from the input power source; A current path setting unit which determines a flow of current according to a phase of the input AC power source; And at least two rectifiers having an output unit for generating a DC voltage by charging the current transmitted by the current path setting unit, wherein each rectifier has substantially the same internal configuration and outputs the same voltage. (+) And (-) output terminals are characterized in that they are connected in common to each other.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a switching mode power supply. When AC power is input to the input rectifier 11, two DC power sources V ₁ and V ₂ are generated and output to the switching circuit 12 and the inverter 14. Here, the DC power supply V ₁ determines the output voltage level of the inverter 14 as a high voltage DC power supply, and another DC power supply V ₂ is supplied to the power supply of the switching circuit 12, which is additional to the circuit shown in the drawing. (Eg, the DC / DC converter shown in FIG. 2D) can be further configured to generate a more stable and lower voltage (eg, 12 or 15 Vdc). The output of the power supply includes an inverter 14, a power transformer 15, and an output rectifier 17.

The switching circuit 12 operates at a predetermined frequency to chop the input DC voltage V ₂ into a square wave of high frequency. The square wave signal is input to the inverter 14 via the drive transformer 13, amplified by the high voltage power supply V ₁ , and then applied to the power transformer 15 to be stepped down to a predetermined value according to the coil turns ratio. The inverter 14 generates a square wave having a potential level of the input DC voltage V ₁ according to the frequency of the square wave generated in the switching circuit 12.

The current feedback unit 18 detects the output current of the inverter 14 and feeds it back to the switching circuit 12. In addition, the final output voltage V _out of the output rectifying unit 17 is fed back to the switching circuit 12. The switching circuit 12 compares these feedback signals with a reference signal to adjust the pulse phase of the switching signal to adjust the level (magnitude) of the current and voltage (PWM control). This keeps the voltage at the final output of the power supply constant. The high potential square wave signal output from the inverter 14 is regulated by the voltage in the transformer 15 and then rectified in the output rectifying unit 17 to provide a DC power.

2A and 2B are circuit diagrams showing the configuration of the input rectifier 11 shown in FIG. The input rectifier of FIG. 2A includes an AC input unit 21, a high voltage generator 23, and a low voltage generator 25. Varistors (Z ₁ ), capacitors (C ₁₁ , C ₁₂ , C ₁₃ ), inductors (L ₁ , L ₂ ), etc. are connected to the AC input stage, clamping excessive input voltage to a safe level, and excessive inflow from the input power source. It is used to cut off current and remove noise. The bridge diodes BR ₁ and BR ₂ determine a current flow according to the phase of the AC power source and convert AC into DC. The switch S1 is a selection switch according to the AC input voltage 110V or 220V.

Of; (TH thermistor) comprises, which maintains a constant resistance in the thermistor regardless of the amount of current filter capacitor (C _1, C ₂₎ for the high voltage generating unit 23. The element of thermistor rises, the temperature decrease in resistance It prevents circuit breakage due to instantaneous transients. According to the cycle of the input AC power source, the current flow of the diode BR ₁ is determined, and a high potential level DC voltage V ₁ is generated by charging the capacitors C ₁ and C ₂ . The low voltage generator 25 generates a DC voltage V ₂ having a low voltage level by the forward direction of the diode and the charge charging action of the capacitor.

FIG. 2B is a parallel configuration of the configuration related to the high voltage generator 23 shown in FIG. 2A. The AC-to-DC rectifier having a high rated current is divided into several rectifiers to connect the input and output terminals in parallel. Represents a multi-rectifier circuit. When the bridge diode BR ₁ of the high voltage generator 23 shown in FIG. 2A has a large operating current, heat is generated accordingly, which requires a heat sink, and also increases the capacity of the capacitor, thereby increasing the volume of the circuit as a whole. do.

As shown, the configuration of each unit module is basically the same as the configuration related to the high voltage generating unit shown in FIG. 2A, and the input terminals of each module and the output terminals of each module are connected in parallel, so that the total output Capacity can be increased, for example, when designing a 500VA rectifier, 10 modules with a rating of 50VA can be connected in parallel. This reduces the power dissipation in each module since the entire input current is distributed to each module. That is, since the loss power is proportional to the resistance and is proportional to the square of the current, when n modules having a constant resistance (R) are used, the loss power loss is as follows.

In other words, when the total operating current is constant, the use of n modules having a resistance (R) can reduce the loss power by 1 / n times as compared to the case of using one module having a resistance (R). Therefore, the efficiency of the power supply can be improved.

On the other hand, the output filter 27 connected to the output terminal of each module is a pie (including a capacitor (CF ₁₁ ~ CF ₁₄ ) and the inductor (LF ₁ ) ) Low pass filter to remove second, third or more harmonic noises generated by high frequency switching operation. Capacitors and inductors used in this circuit have a low current rating, so that the capacitor's capacity, the core size of the inductor, and the heat loss are reduced.

The parallel-connected rectifier shown in FIG. 2B connects a plurality of AC-to-DC rectifier modules having substantially the same configuration in parallel, thereby distributing input power by 1 / n for each module, thereby requiring each module. Lower current ratings can reduce the size of electrical components, especially capacitors and inductors used in the module, and reduce the heat generated by the bridge diode, enabling operation without a separate heat sink. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 2C, when the integrated circuit is integrated in each module M ₁ to M _n and connected in parallel with each other, a high power rectifier may be implemented. Economically, compared to the cost of implementing a single high-power rectifier, it is much cheaper to implement multiple low-power rectifiers in parallel (saving about 30-50%). FIG. 2D illustrates another embodiment of FIG. 2C. In consideration of physical space, one or more modules may be vertically overlapped, and a plurality of such overlapping modules may be horizontally connected to implement one rectifier. Shows. In addition, the parallel-connected rectifier shown in FIG. 2B can be applied to an apparatus for converting a three-phase AC input into a DC power source.

FIG. 2E is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a DC / DC converter connected to an output terminal of the low voltage generator 25 shown in FIG. 2A to obtain a lower and more stable low voltage power source. The input DC power supply V _in is the output voltage V ₂ of the low voltage generator 25 of FIG. 2A. In FIGS. 3 to 6, the power applied as the switching power supply may be referred to as the output power V _out of the circuit shown in FIG. 2E. However, in the drawings, low voltage power is collectively referred to as V ₂ for convenience of description.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2E, the transistor Q ₁ operates as a switching element that is turned on or off in accordance with the switching signal output from the PWM control circuit 31. Transformer T ₁ has a primary winding (N _p ) connected between the input DC power supply (V _in ) and the switching section, and the high-frequency square wave power is supplied to the primary winding by turning on and off the switching section to supply power to the secondary winding. To supply. The input current detector 33 detects a current flowing in the primary winding of the transformer T ₁ according to the on / off operation of the switching element (transistor Q ₁ ) and returns it to the PWM control circuit 31. The PWM control circuit 31 receives the output direct current power supply (+ FB) and detects an input signal that is changed according to an error signal and an input voltage V _{in that} are compared with the reference signal through the input current detector 33. The amount of current flowing in the primary winding is controlled by controlling the on / off duration of the switching signal SW _out according to the voltage level. In addition, the rectifiers 37a, b, and c are connected to the secondary windings of the power transformer T ₁ to convert AC power into DC power to obtain one or more constant voltage outputs.

In the present embodiment, the circuit for the switching operation is composed of a switching signal generation PWM control circuit 31, a transistor Q ₁ , a voltage step-down transformer T ₁ and a current sensing transformer T ₂ . The transistor Q ₁ is turned on / off by the square wave SW _out generated from the PWM control circuit 31. When the transistor Q ₁ is turned on, the current is charged in the primary winding of the transformer T ₁ , and when the transistor Q ₁ is turned off, the current charged in the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding, so that the transformer ( Voltage is induced across the secondary winding according to the turns ratio of T ₁ ).

On the other hand, the source (source) terminal and the minus of the transistor (Q ₁₎ (-) is the input current detecting section 33 between the terminal connected to the transistor a signal generated according to the current time (Q ₁₎ is turned on the PWM control circuit ( 31). The input current detector 33 senses a change in the input side current due to a change in current or a change in output load (load) caused by a potential change _{in the} input voltage V _in , and returns it to the PWM control circuit 31. In order to compensate for the phenomenon caused by the same current variation, the PWM control circuit 31 controls the switching operation according to the sensing signal.

The input current detector 33 detects a change in the current Ipp according to a change in the input voltage V _in or a change in the output voltage, converts it into a voltage signal, and then returns it to the PWM control circuit 31. The PWM control circuit 31 adjusts the pulse interval of the positive phase of the switching signal SW _out by reflecting the variation of the input voltage V _in or the variation of the output voltage, so that the output voltage is constant. Control it to If the current I _pp is increased, the current sensing voltage detected by the input current detector 33 and fed back to the PWM control circuit 31 is increased, and the PWM control circuit 31 is based on the current sensing voltage. _pp ) adjusts the pulse interval of the switching signal SW _out to be controlled in the decreasing direction.

When the transistor Q ₁ is turned on, current is induced in the secondary winding by the current flowing in the primary winding of the current-coupling transformer T ₂ . The resistor R1 converts the current induced in the transformer T ₂ into a voltage signal, and the voltage applied to the sensing terminal SENSE is determined by adjusting the resistance value of the variable resistor R ₂ . The capacitors C ₂ and C ₃ are used for ripple and noise removal, and the diode D ₂ converts and rectifies the detected square wave signal into a DC signal. Current-coupling Fran spokes Murray (T ₂₎ is the power source (+) according to the primary side and the secondary side separated of the transformer (T ₂₎ in sensing the variation of the current flowing through the primary winding of the transformer (T ₁₎ The poles are separated from each other to enable a circuit configuration that switches at high frequencies.

The ratio of the primary winding to the secondary winding of the transformer T ₂ is preferably about 1:50 to 200. For example, for low power consumption of less than 10 watts, the primary winding of transformer T ₂ is once when the continuius current (I _PDC ) flowing in the primary coil of main transformer T ₁ is 1.0 A or less. The secondary winding is preferably 100 times. The core of the transformer T ₂ is preferably made of the same material as the core of the main transformer T ₁ .

The PWM control circuit 31 receives the output voltage (+ FB) of the converter and receives the sensing voltage SENSE generated by the input side current, and the square wave pulse for the on / off operation of the switching element Q ₁ . Generates. Detailed configuration thereof is the same as described with reference to FIG. 3C.

The magnetic bias circuit 35 supplies the operating power to the output of the switching signal SW _out in the PWM control circuit 31. The voltage induced by the auxiliary winding N _FB on the primary side of the power transformer T ₁ is applied to the Vcc terminal of the PWM control circuit 31 via the diode D1. Here, the capacitor C ₁ is for removing ripple. The input power supply V _in supplies power to elements in the PWM control circuit 31 other than the switching output section.

FIG. 3A is a circuit diagram illustrating a basic configuration of a bridged or push-pull inverter operating in a switching mode. FIG. 3A is a high-frequency high-potential received from the DC power supplies V ₁ and V ₂ of the input rectifier 11 shown in FIG. 1. Generates a square wave signal with a level. A single square wave signal generated by the PWM control circuit 31 is converted into square waves having two polarities different from each other. According to this circuit configuration, a single square wave signal is converted into two square waves having a 180 degree phase difference, so that the output signal of the drive transformer T ₁ can output a waveform with little dead time. FIG. 3B is a timing diagram for explaining the operation of each part of the circuit diagram of FIG. 3A. DC power supplies V ₁ and V ₂ are power supplies output from the input rectifier 11 shown in FIG. 1, and DC power supply V ₁ is a high voltage DC power supply for amplifying power supply ("high voltage power supply") for determining the voltage level of the output signal. The other DC power supply V ₂ is supplied to the primary side of the drive transformer T ₁ and to the power supply of the PWM control circuit 31 and is a power supply ("switching power supply") for generating a square wave signal by a switching operation.

The transistor Q ₁ operates as a switching element that is turned on or off in accordance with the switching signal output from the PWM control circuit 31. In the transformer T ₁ , the primary winding N _p is connected between the input DC power supply V ₂ and the transistor Q1, and AC power is supplied to the primary winding by turning on and off the transistor Q1. Power the windings. The PWM control circuit 31 receives the output DC power supply (+ FB) and generates a switching signal SW _out by controlling the PWM according to the error signal compared with the reference signal. In addition, the PWM control circuit 31 is fed back a sensing signal (SENSE) obtained by sensing the change in the current according to the change of the output load (load), and the PWM control circuit 31 is switched in consideration of such a detection signal Generate signal SW _out .

The switching element is composed of a transistor Q _{1 and} is turned on / off according to the logic level of the switching signal SW _out of the PWM control circuit 31 to flow to the primary winding N _p of the power transformer T ₁ . Interrupt the current. As the switching transistor Q ₁ is turned on and off, a current flowing in the primary winding N _p of the transformer T ₁ is induced to the secondary winding, and voltage is induced across the secondary winding depending on the turns ratio. The square wave signal generated by the switching transistor Q ₁ is transmitted to the secondary winding side through the transformer T ₁ and input to the gate terminals of the two field effect transistors Q2 and Q3. At this time, the polarity of the square wave is applied to each transistor in the opposite direction. Thus, transistors Q2 and Q3 are turned on / off alternately. The two transistors Q2 and Q3 amplify the input square wave signal, and at the contact point of the source terminal of the transistor Q2 and the drain terminal of the transistor Q3, the frequency is substantially the same as the input square wave signal, and the high voltage power supply V _{1 is applied.} Square wave signal amplified to the level of) is generated. On the other hand, in selecting the transistor Q ₁ , it is necessary to consider the following points. First, it is desirable to make the input gate capacitance of the transistor low (e.g., 350pF) and the internal resistance (R _{DS (on)} ) to low (e.g., 0.3 ohms or less), thereby reducing power loss. have.

In this circuit diagram, the primary winding of the transformer T ₁ includes a basic winding N _p and an auxiliary winding N _T. The auxiliary winding N _T stores energy while the switching transistor Q ₁ is off and returns the stored energy to the output side when the transistor Q ₁ is on, so that the down portion of the square wave, that is, the low level, is stored. Increases the off signal level by transferring the energy of the signal to the output side. Thus, it is possible to supply a gate signal sufficient to turn on the transistor Q ₃ during the down portion of the square wave. On the other hand, turns on the primary winding (N _p) is a transistor (Q _1), this is stored by transferring energy to the output transistor (Q ₂₎ when the one-off and stores energy during the turned on transistor (Q _1).

The primary winding (N _p ) and the auxiliary winding (N _T ) are wound in opposite polarities, and the diode D1 uses an ultra fast diode, and the primary winding (N _p ) and the auxiliary winding (N _T ) are wound. Or between the auxiliary winding (N _T ) and the (-) terminal (-V ₂ ) to determine the direction of the current while the switching transistor Q ₁ is off. The thickness and the number of turns of the coil used for the auxiliary winding N _T are configured substantially the same as that of the basic winding N _p .

Two transistors Q ₂ and Q3 are connected to the secondary winding of the transformer T ₁ , and a drain terminal of the transistor Q ₂ is connected to a positive terminal of the high voltage power supply V ₁ , and a transistor Q3. Source terminal of the high voltage power supply (V ₁ ) is connected to the (-) terminal (-V ₁ ) terminal of the high-voltage power supply (V ₁ ), the source terminal of the transistor (Q ₂ ) and the drain terminal of the transistor (Q3) is connected in common to form an output terminal do.

Referring to FIG. 3B, the operation state and final output (V _out ) waveforms of the transistors Q ₂ and Q ₃ according to the switching signals generated by the PWM control circuit 31 are illustrated, and the output waveforms according to the prior art are also included. It is shown. As the operation state of the transistor Q ₁ is turned on / off, the quadrature winding signals Ns1 and Ns2 of the power transformer T ₁ generate square wave signals in which phases are inverted from each other. Applied to the gate terminals of Q ₂ and Q ₃ , respectively. The output terminal outputs a square wave with the same frequency as that of the square wave signal and whose voltage level is the high voltage power supply V ₁ . Referring to the output signal of the prior art, the PWM control circuit generates two signals in the form of totem poles having a 180 degree phase difference, and at least 20% dead time is generated between these signals. . Therefore, the power loss of the power supply is generated, the efficiency could not be increased more than 80%.

However, according to this embodiment, the auxiliary winding N _T of the drive transformer T ₁ has the same number of turns as the primary winding N _p but the polarity thereof is reversed. The transistor Q ₁ stores energy in the coil at turn-on and supplies a charging current of the gate input capacitance of the transistor Q3 at turn-off to promote turn-on of the transistor Q3. Meanwhile, the charging current of the gate input capacitance of the transistor Q ₂ is performed by the energy stored in the primary coil N _p when the transistor Q ₁ is turned on. Therefore, dead time does not occur in the output signal, thereby achieving high efficiency and small ripple.

Next, a design method of the transformer T ₁ will be described in detail below. First, the output power P _out of the transformer T ₁ is as follows.

Where n is the number of transistors, V _GS is the gate input voltage of each transistor, and Ig is the charging current (current at turn-on of the transistor) of the gate-source capacitance of the transistor.

If the transistors are connected in parallel to the output of the transformer T ₁ , the power required to operate these transistors is the output power P _out .

The peak current Ipp and the continuous current I _PDC flowing in the primary coil of the transformer T ₁ are calculated as follows.

The lossy power of transistor Q ₁

The inductance Lp of the primary coil of the drive transformer T ₁ can be obtained as follows.

Where V _{in (min)} is the lowest input voltage of transistor Q ₁ , D _max is the maximum amplitude of the square wave (0.45), I _pp is the peak current flowing in the primary coil of transformer T ₁ , and fs is the switching. Say frequency.

The core size used in the transformer T ₁ is determined as follows.

Where A _e is the effective area of the core (cm ² ), A _` is the actual winding area of the coil (cm ² ), Lp is the inductance of the primary coil, I _pp is the peak current of the primary coil, and D is the coil Diameter, and B _max = 1/2 x B _sat . The actual core size must be at least (calculated x1.5). When the core volume is small, the output voltage decreases due to core saturation, or the stable operation of the converter may be damaged due to excessive current.

In order to prevent core saturation, the air gap l _{g applied} to the transformer T ₁ may be posted as follows.

The primary winding (N _p ), auxiliary winding (N _T ) and secondary windings (N _s1 , N _s2 ) of the transformer (T ₁ ) can be found as follows, and the feedback winding (N _FB ) is 1 It shall be the same as the athlete (N _p ).

Here, assume that V _F is 6.6V.

The PWM control circuit 31 receives the output voltage of the converter (+ FB) and receives the sensing voltage SENSE generated by the inverter output current, and the square wave for the on / off operation of the switching element Q ₁ . Generate a pulse. A detailed configuration thereof will be described with reference to FIG. 4.

The magnetic bias circuit 35 supplies the operating power to the output of the switching signal SW _out in the PWM control circuit 31. The voltage induced by the feedback winding (N _{FB on the} primary side of the power transformer T ₁ , the dot indicating the start point of the winding) is opposite to the polarity indication of the basic winding N _p ). It is applied to the Vcc terminal of the PWM control circuit 31 through D1). Here, the capacitor C ₁ is for removing ripple. The input power V _in supplies power to elements in the PWM control circuit 31 other than the switching output unit.

FIG. 3C illustrates a current-mode control method as an example of the configuration diagram of the PWM control circuit 31 shown in FIG. 3A. The power supply Vcc induced by the feedback winding NFB on the primary side of the power transformer T ₁ supplies power to the amplifier 45 that outputs the switching signal SW _out , and the clock generator 43 and the flip line. Circuits such as the flop 44, the error amplifier 41, the comparator 42, and the like are supplied with operating power from an input power source V ₂ applied through the regulator 47.

The error amplifier 41 compares and amplifies the output signal + FB and the reference voltage V _ref , and the error signal is input to the comparator 42. Then, the output current of the inverter is sensed and converted into a voltage, and then the sensing signal SENSE is input to the comparator 42. The comparator 42 compares the detection signal SENSE according to the peak switch current with an error signal associated with the output signal and inputs the RS flip-flop (latch) 44. The clock generator 43 generates a clock signal which is a square wave signal corresponding to the switching frequency fs, and the RS flip-flop 44 receives the output of the comparator 42 and the clock signal to drive on / off of the switching element. To generate a switching signal SW _out . The switching signal turns on / off a switching element (transistor) connected at the rear end according to its logic level.

The main output voltage (+ FB) fed back from the final output stage is compared with the reference voltage (V _ref ) in the error amplifier 41, and the current feedback signal (SENSE) is compared with the reference voltage (1.2V) in the comparator 42 The result is input to the flip flop 44. The flip-flop 44 increases or decreases the phase (or width) of the clock signal generated and input by the oscillator 43 according to the output signal of the comparator 42 (that is, the pulse width modulation in which the duty cycle of the clock signal is changed ( By generating a PWM) signal to generate a switching signal SW _out , the current flowing through the transformer T ₁ may be increased or decreased according to the change of the input voltage and the load, thereby keeping the output voltage of the final output terminal constant.

The circuit M1 shown in FIG. 4A is a more detailed circuit diagram in which an additional circuit is added to the transistor Q ₂ among the output parts shown in FIG. 3A. The RC snubber circuit and the charges together with the basic configuration of the up-side output part of FIG. 3A are illustrated. It further comprises a discharge unit. The circuit M1 receives the square wave signal transmitted from the primary winding side of the power transformer T ₁ , and the transistor Q ₂ is turned on / off by the square wave signal whose level is changed according to the turns ratio.

When transistor Q ₂ is off, the charge charged to the capacitance Coss between the drain and the source, which is the charge charged while transistor Q ₂ is on, is applied to capacitor Cd2 through diode Dd2. Is charged. When transistor Q ₂ is turned on, the charge charged in capacitor Cd2 is released as heat while passing through resistor Rd2. Thus, the transistor (Q ₂₎ is the drain and the effect of the charge of the capacitance (Coss) between the source so emitted from the resistor (Rd2) and thereby on the transistor (Q ₂₎ is minimized for a turned on, during the switching operation the transistor (Q ₂ The heat generated from) can also be significantly lowered.

A tuning circuit is formed at turn-off by the leakage inductance of the primary coil of the power transformer T _{1 for} high frequency and the capacitance C _GS between the gate and the source of the transistor Q ₂ . This causes transient overvoltage ringing in the transient state. Ringing can have amplitudes large enough to destroy diodes or transistors in the turn-off period. RC element composed of resistor (R _s2 ) and capacitor (C _s2 ) is a snubber circuit that suppresses such ringing phenomenon and is connected in parallel to the secondary winding of power transformer T ₁ . .

In addition, the gate resistor R _g connected to the gate terminal of the transistor Q ₂ has a rising time of the square wave transmitted from the power transformer T ₁ so that the rising time of the transistor Q ₂ matches. Is added. Assuming that the rising time of the input square wave is t _r and the capacitance between the drain and the source of the transistor is C _iss , the gate resistance R _g is obtained as follows.

The circuit M2 shown in FIG. 4B is a more detailed circuit diagram in which an additional circuit is added to the transistor Q ₃ of the output unit shown in FIG. 3A. The RC snubber circuit and the basic configuration of the down side output unit of FIG. A charge discharge part is further provided. Except that the position of the polarity dot of the secondary winding is reversed as compared to the circuit M1, the actual configuration is found to be the same, and thus the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The circuit M3 shown in FIG. 4C is a parallel connection of the circuit M1 shown in FIG. 4A, and the current flowing through each transistor by allowing a current flowing through one transistor of the circuit M1 to flow through a plurality of transistors. It is configured to be small. Each transistor RC snubber circuit is connected to each of the (Q _1, Q ₂₎ and the transistor (Q _1, Q ₂₎ having a charge of the discharge parts (58, 59) respectively between the drain and source terminals. That is, the up-side output portion of the secondary winding of the power transformer T ₁ has a plurality of transistors Q ₁ , Q ₂ , ... connected in parallel (drains of the transistors are connected to the drains and sources are the sources). Each of the transistors may include a separate charge and discharge unit to reduce heat generation in each of the heat dissipation resistors R _d .

In each module 571, 572,... Which is composed of a transistor and a snubber circuit, all the transistors Q ₁ , Q ₂ ,... Are turned on or off at the same time, and transistors Q ₁ , Q ₂ ,. The charge charged by the capacitance between the drain and the source is discharged by the charge discharge units 58 and 59 respectively connected to the transistors, while? If high power is required, six or more modules may be connected in parallel to minimize power loss by the transistors in the output (and thereby minimize the amount of heat generated by the transistors). In this case, it is also possible to have one charge discharge unit for each of several modules. By doing so, it is possible to minimize the power loss while reducing the volume by the circuit elements. Similarly, the down-side output unit 53 shown in FIG. 3A can also easily implement a circuit module M4 in which a plurality of transistors are connected in parallel by applying the same concept as the circuit M3 shown in FIG. 4C. It is shown in 4d. Since the circuit M4 is found to have substantially the same configuration except that the position of the polarity dot of the secondary winding is reversed as compared with the circuit M3, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

As in the present embodiment, the square wave is input to the gate of each transistor by dividing the transistor group M3 acting as the positive pulse portion of the square wave and the transistor group M4 acting as the negative pulse portion of the square wave. The current through the transistor is reduced to 1 / n, resulting in lower power losses. Therefore, it is possible to operate stably even if each transistor is not provided with a separate heat sink.

FIG. 5A is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of a high voltage high power bridge type SMPS. The circuit on the primary winding side of the transformer T ₁ is substantially the same as the configuration shown in FIG. 3A. The detailed circuit diagram of the block shown in FIG. 1 is omitted and its correspondence is as follows: drive transformer 13 (T ₁ ), inverters 14 (51, 53), output transformer 15 (T ₃ ), output Rectifiers 17; 57a, b and current feedback units 18; 55.

First, the configuration of the inverter unit connected to the secondary winding side of the transformer T ₁ is as follows. The inverter unit includes an UP side output unit 51 and a DOWN side output unit 53, and each output unit includes a plurality of circuit modules M1 or M2. Terminal (a) (ie, drain terminal of the transistor) of each module M1 of the UP side output part 51 is connected in common and is connected to a high voltage power supply (+ V ₁ ), and each module M1 (B) terminal (that is, the source terminal of the transistor) of is connected in common to form the output terminal (S) of the inverter. The (d) terminal (ie, the source terminal of the transistor) of each module M2 of the down side output unit 53 is connected in common and is connected to the negative terminal (-V ₁ ) of the high voltage power supply. The (c) terminal (ie, the drain terminal of the transistor) of each module is connected in common and is connected in common with the (b) terminal of each module M2 of the up-side output unit 51 so that the output terminal of the inverter ( Form S).

When the switching transistor Q ₁ connected to the PWM control circuit 31 is turned on, the transistors of the up-side output part 51 are turned on and the transistors of the down-side output part 53 are turned off, so that the positive terminal (+ V) of the high voltage power supply (+ V) is turned on. Current flows from ₁ ) to the middle tap. Next, when the switching transistor Q ₁ is turned off, the transistors of the up-side output part 51 are turned off, and the transistors of the down-side output part 53 are turned on, so that the transformers T3 and T2 are at the middle tap of the high voltage power supply V ₁ . Current flows to the negative terminal (-V ₁ ) of the high voltage power supply (V ₁ ) through the transistor of the down side output unit (53). As such, the square wave signal having the high voltage level is transferred to the output transformer T3 by the on / off operation of the switching transistor Q ₁ .

The inverter part connected to the secondary winding of the drive transformer T ₁ basically performs the same operation as that shown in FIG. 3A, while the UP side output unit 51 and the DOWN side output unit 53 are performed. Each of the modules M1 and M2 shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B are connected in parallel (or an UP side output unit 51 and a DOWN side output unit 53, respectively) of FIGS. 4C and 4D, respectively. And M3 and M4, which are modules shown in Fig. 2), to take a structure in which a plurality of transistors included in each output unit are connected in parallel. By doing so, the current flowing through each transistor is reduced to 1 / n (where n is the number of transistors used at each output), so that power loss due to the drain-source internal resistance R _{DS (on)} of the transistor is achieved. In addition, the heat generated from each transistor is also minimized so that it can operate stably without using a separate heat sink.

In addition, as the switching frequency of the inverter increases, the power loss caused by the capacitance (Coss) between the drain and the source of each transistor (MOSFET) increases. In order to reduce such a power loss, each output has a difference between the drain and the source of the transistor. A snubber circuit composed of a diode Dd, a capacitor Cd, and a resistor Rd is connected between the drain and the source (see FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D). Therefore, the heat loss due to the drain-source capacitance Coss of the transistor is radiated from the resistor Rd to prevent thermal runaway of the transistor. The heat loss due to the internal resistance R _{DS (on)} of the n transistors is calculated as follows.

Accordingly, it can be seen that the heat loss can be reduced to 1 / n by using n transistors connected in parallel as shown in the drawing. In terms of component cost, the cost of one high-power transistor is more expensive than several low-power transistors, resulting in lower cost to implement the circuit.

In FIG. 5A, the up-side output unit 51 has a structure in which three modules M1 having the configuration as shown in FIG. 4A are connected in parallel. In other words, the drain terminals a of the transistors belonging to each module are commonly tied and the source terminals b of the transistors are tied in common to form a parallel structure. Similarly, the down side output unit 53 also has a structure in which three modules M2 having the configuration as shown in FIG. 4B are connected in parallel. According to such a parallel structure, when the transistors in the output unit are turned on, the current flowing through each transistor becomes 1/3 of the total current, thereby reducing the power loss due to the on-resistance Rds of the transistor to 1/3. In this embodiment, the number of modules included in each output unit is illustrated as three, but if the number of modules is increased, the power loss may be lowered to increase efficiency, but the physical volume of the power supply will be increased. Reducing the number will do the opposite, so the number of modules can be added or subtracted depending on the power rating or purpose of use.

The number of transistors that can be used for each of the output units 51 and 53 (or, as the number of modules, it is preferable that the number of transistors included in the up-side output unit 51 and the down-side output unit 53 be the same). Can be appropriately adjusted according to the output power capacity, and 20 to 30 or more may be possible by making the total number of transistors even. If the input voltage of the high voltage power supply (V ₁ ) is 240V, the internal resistance (RDS (on)) of the transistor is 0.5 ohm, and the current (IPDC) flowing through each transistor is 0.5A, 30 transistors are used. When configuring the circuit, the maximum rated output power and efficiency of the inverter can be expressed as follows.

Power loss at each transistor;

Total power loss by 30 transistors;

Total current;

Output power;

efficiency;

The output part of the inverter according to the present embodiment can be manufactured in the form of a small, lightweight module having a constant rated output, and can be configured as a large capacity inverter by connecting these modules in parallel. This embodiment is applicable to a central ballast or battery charger, a DC motor driving device that operates the electronic ballasts provided in individual fluorescent lamps in one place, and minimizes the volume and efficiency by eliminating a separate heat sink for each transistor. It can also greatly improve.

On the other hand, the configuration of the current feedback unit 55, S1 for detecting the current transmitted from the inverter unit to the transformer T3 side and feedback to the PWM control circuit 51 as follows. Since the current feedback unit 55 is sensitive to the change in the input voltage and / or the output voltage, I _PDC , the current flowing through the transistor, is sensitively changed, so that the primary coil of the current sensing transformer T2 is shown in the figure as shown in the drawing. Place it in

The output signal SENSE of the feedback unit 55 is fed back to the input terminal SENSE of the PWM control circuit 31 shown in FIG. 3A. The feedback part 55 includes a current coupling transformer T2, and the polarity of the winding is as shown in the drawing. The resistors R6 and R7 convert the current induced in the secondary winding of the transformer T2 into a voltage signal. When the switching transistor Q ₁ shown in FIG. 3A is turned on, current flows from the positive terminal of the high voltage power supply V ₁ to the inverter output terminal through the up-side output unit 51 so that a forward bias is applied to the diode D3. Is conducting and reverse bias is applied to the diode D4. The capacitor C6 is for removing AC noise, and the variable resistor VR1 is used for adjusting the potential level of the output signal SENSE, and the voltage signal SENSE adjusted by the variable resistor VR1 is a PWM control circuit 31. Is returned. On the other hand, the switching transistor (Q ₁₎ is off, the current of the high voltage power source (V _1), an intermediate high voltage power supply through a primary winding and a down-side output section (53) of the transformer (T3) in the tab terminal (V ₁₎ of the ( The current flows toward the terminal (-V ₁ ), so that the diode D4 is biased forward and the diode D3 is biased backward.

The feedback unit 55 senses an output current and generates a detection signal SENSE for controlling the switching transistor Q _{1. The} transformer T2 electrically separates the switching circuit unit and the inverter output unit, and also the feedback unit ( Ground level 55 is also electrically isolated from the high voltage power supply V _{1, which} is connected to the negative terminal (-V ₂ ) of the switching power supply V ₂ to adjust the output level of the inverter. Therefore, oscillation and noise appearing at the output of the inverter can be prevented by the high frequency operation in the switching transistor Q ₁ .

Next, the output rectifier of the switching power supply will be described. The primary winding of the output transformers T3 and T4 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter and the middle tap terminal of the high voltage power supply V ₁ , and the output rectifier is connected to the secondary winding side. Transformers T3 and T4 receive a square wave of a high voltage level output from the inverter unit and lower it to a constant voltage according to the turns ratio, and the output rectifier rectifies it to provide a DC power source. 5A shows an example with a single output stage for high power output.

First, a rectifier element and a filter capacitor are provided on the output side of the transformers T3 and T4. The transformer operates as an energy storage / transmission inductor, transistors are rectifier elements, and capacitors are filter elements. In the present embodiment, two transformers T3 and T4 are included, and output rectifiers 57a and b are connected to the secondary windings of the transformers T3 and T4, respectively. It can be seen that the first output rectifier 57a includes two output modules 571 and 572 and filter capacitors Co1 and Co2 connected to both ends of the output terminal. In addition, it can be seen that the second output rectifier 57b includes two output modules 573 and 574 and filter capacitors Co3 and Co4 connected to both ends of the output terminal. 57a and b) have substantially the same internal configuration, and output terminals (a) and (b) of each module are commonly connected to each other to form one output terminal (V _out ).

A specific configuration of each output module M11 constituting the output rectifiers 57a and b is illustrated in FIG. 5B and includes an upper module M11a and a lower module M11b. The upper module M11a and the lower module M11b are connected to the secondary windings of the output transformer T3 to perform rectification by the operation of the transistor Q ₁₁ , respectively. If the switching transistor Q ₁ is turned on, the transistor Q ₁₁ of the upper module M11a is turned on, and if the switching transistor Q ₁ is turned off, the transistor Q ₁₂ of the lower module M11b is turned on to supply DC power. Provide the output.

An upper module (M11a) in addition to the transistor (Q ₁₁₎ and a snubber circuit. An RC element composed of a resistor (R _s1 ) and a capacitor (C _s1 ) is formed to prevent an overvoltage ringing phenomenon caused by the leakage inductance of the primary coil of the transformer (T3) and the gate capacitance (C _GS ) of the transistor (Q ₁₁ ). The RC element, consisting of a 1 snubber circuit and composed of a resistor (R _d1 ) and a capacitor (C _d1 ), has a leakage inductance of the primary coil of the transformer (T3) and a capacitance (C _oss ) between the drain and the source of the transistor (Q ₁₁ ). It is a second snubber circuit for preventing overvoltage ringing from occurring. A resonance circuit is formed at turn-off by the leakage inductance of the primary coil of the high frequency transformer T ₃ and the junction capacitance of the rectifying transistor. Such a resonance circuit causes a transient overvoltage ringing phenomenon in the transient state. Ringing can have an amplitude large enough to destroy the transistor in the turn-off period. In addition, it can cause noise generation and malfunction. RC snubber circuitry suppresses this ringing to a safe amplitude.

A gate resistance (R _g1) connected to the gate terminal of the transistor (Q ₁₁₎ is added in order to ensure that the rise time of the square wave rise time (rising time) and the transistor (Q ₁₁₎ of the transfer from the transformer (T3) matched .

The lower module M11a is substantially the same as the internal configuration of the upper module M11a, and the functions and parameters of the snubber circuit and the gate resistance are substantially the same, but in the upper module M11a, the gate terminal of the transistor Q ₁₁ is used. on the other hand which is connected to the winding with polarity display (dot) of the transformer (T3), the lower module (M11b) in the gate terminal of the transistor (Q ₁₂₎ connected to no polar display (dot) of the transformer (T ₃₎ winding There is a difference in that. Therefore, the square wave power signal transmitted from the primary winding of the transformer T ₃ can be conducted alternately according to its logic level.

In FIG. 5A, two transformers T ₃ and T ₄ are connected in parallel to the output rectifier, and two output rectifiers 57a and b are connected in parallel to each transformer. In this way, instead of concentrating the output power to one transformer, it can be distributed and rectified in two and combined at the output stage to increase efficiency by lowering the rated current of each transformer as well as reducing the core volume of the transformer to about 1/4. Can be reduced. In addition, two or more rectifier modules M11 may be connected to one transformer to disperse current flowing through a transistor therein, thereby dissipating heat generated from the transistor, and thus, a separate heat sink may be provided. no need.

The rectifier element of the output rectifier module M11 is suitable for high current using a transistor (preferably a field effect transistor (FET)), and has a snubber circuit to prevent ringing phenomenon. It is possible to solve the problem, and a stable power supply can be obtained even if an element such as an LC filter used in an output rectifier is not added. In particular, by eliminating the use of the inductor element can contribute to the miniaturization and modularization of the power supply. That is, according to the circuit of the present embodiment, there is almost no dead time between the up / down signals, so that the efficiency can be increased to almost 100%. However, according to the related art, a dead time of about 20% is generated and high efficiency is hard to be obtained. In addition, conventionally, an LC filter for output voltage smoothing is required due to the dead time between pulses during output rectification. By the way, the inductor for the output filter used here is configured such that the core size is almost equal to the core size of the output transformer. However, in this embodiment, such an LC circuit is unnecessary, so that the circuit can be simply implemented.

In addition, the power supply for the power supply and the power source for driving the switching element are completely supplied by the current-coupling transformer T2, thereby preventing the output from becoming unstable due to oscillation that may occur in the power supply circuit. In addition, the switching frequency can be designed as high as possible (eg 200KHz to 2000KHz), increasing the efficiency of the power supply.

FIG. 5C illustrates another configuration of the half-bridge type inverter (that is, a configuration between the transformer T ₁ and the transformer T3) of the power supply circuit shown in FIG. 5A. In the case of using a plurality of modules M1 and M2, the up-side output unit 51c and the down-side output unit 53c instead of the entire operating current in sensing current through the transformer T2 connected to the current feedback unit 55c. ) Is configured to sense the current flowing through each module (513 and 533 in the drawing). By doing so, the rated current flowing in the primary coil of the transformer T2 can be lowered and the size of the transformer T2 can be reduced.

In FIG. 5C, the terminals (a) of the three modules 511, 512, and 513 of the up-side output unit 51c are connected to each other and connected to the positive terminal (+ V ₁ ) of the high voltage power supply V ₁ . Terminals (b) of the modules 511 and 512 are connected to each other and connected to the primary winding of the transformer T3, but terminal (b) of one module 513 passes through the primary winding of the transformer T2. And (b) terminals 511 and 512. The (d) terminals of the three modules 531, 532, and 533 of the down side output unit 53c are connected to each other and are connected to the (-) terminal (-V ₁ ) terminal of the high voltage power supply V ₁ . Terminals (c) of the modules 531 and 532 are connected to each other and connected to the primary winding of the transformer T3, but terminal (c) of one module 533 is connected to one module 513 of the up-side output part 51c. (b) It is connected to the terminal. The circuit M1 shown in FIG. 4A or the circuit M3 shown in FIG. 4C may be applied as a module of the up-side output unit 51c, and the module of the down-side output unit 53c may be used as a module of FIG. 4B. The circuit M2 or the circuit M4 shown in FIG. 4D may be applied, and the overall function is as described with reference to FIG. 5A.

FIG. 5D is a diagram showing an inverter circuit diagram of a full bridge type. The circuit on the primary winding side of the drive transformer T ₁ is substantially the same as the configuration shown in Fig. 5A, and thus its detailed illustration is omitted.

The inverter part connected to the secondary winding of the drive transformer T ₁ includes first to fourth sub output parts 515, 516, 517, and 518, and constitutes the first and fourth sub output parts 515 and 518. Each module may be configured of the circuits M1 and M3 shown in FIG. 4A or 4C, and each module constituting the second and third sub-output units 516 and 517 corresponds to the circuits M1 and M3. It may be composed of a circuit (M2, M4). Each sub output unit includes two or more modules having substantially the same configuration to minimize the loss power generated at the output unit. The configuration and operation of the feedback unit 55d are substantially the same as described with reference to FIG. 5A.

When the square wave signal is transmitted to the secondary winding of the drive transformer T ₁ (in other words, when the square wave is applied to the gate of each transistor in the sub-output unit), the first to fourth sub-output units according to the gate voltage ( On / off operation of the transistors included in 515 ~ 518 is controlled. That is, when the transistors included in the first and fourth sub-outputs 515 and 518 are simultaneously turned on, the transistors included in the second and third sub-outputs 516 and 517 are simultaneously turned off, or the first and the fourth sub-outputs 515 and 518 are simultaneously turned off. When the transistors included in the four sub-outputs 515 and 518 are turned off at the same time, the transistors included in the second and third sub-outputs 516 and 517 are simultaneously turned on. As a result, a square wave amplified to the level of the high voltage power supply V ₁ is generated. That is, when the switching transistor Q ₁ shown in FIG. 3A is turned on, the transistors included in the first and fourth sub-outputs 515 and 518 are turned on simultaneously while the second and third sub-outputs 516 are turned on. , 517 maintains the off state, so that the current path by the high voltage power supply V ₁ is the first sub-output unit 515, the S1 point, the primary winding of the current sensing transformer T2, and the output transformer. It is connected to the negative terminal (-V ₁ ) of the high voltage power supply (V ₁ ) through the fourth sub-output unit 518 via the primary winding of (T3). On the other hand, when the switching transistor Q ₁ is turned off, the transistors included in the second and third sub-outputs 516 and 517 are simultaneously turned on, while included in the first and fourth sub-outputs 515 and 518. The transistor is turned off, and the current path by the high voltage power supply V ₁ is controlled by the third sub-output unit 517, the S2 point, the primary winding of the output transformer T3, and the current sense transformer T2. It is connected to the negative terminal (-V ₁ ) of the high voltage power supply (V ₁ ) through the second winding unit 516 via the car winding. By this operation, the inverter generates a high potential square wave, and the inverter output is transmitted to the output rectifier through the transformer T3. In other words, the direction of the current flowing in the primary coil of the transistor T3 flows in opposite directions to each other according to the on / off operation of each transistor, thereby obtaining a square wave amplified by a high voltage.

The feedback portion 55d is substantially the same in configuration and operation as the feedback portions 55 and S1 shown in FIG. 5A, and when the first and fourth sub-output portions 515 and 518 are turned on or the second and fifth portions are made. The current when the three sub-outputs 516 and 517 are turned on is sensed and fed back to the PWM control circuit (see FIG. 3A). As described with reference to FIG. 5A, since the power supply V ₂ and the output power supply V ₁ of the circuit for the switching operation are also separated by the current sensing transformer T2, oscillation or noise may occur due to the high frequency operation. Can be prevented.

FIG. 5E illustrates an example of an output rectifying unit used in connection with the bridge inverter unit shown in FIGS. 5A, 5C, or 5D. The output rectifier shown in FIG. 5E is another example of the output rectifier shown in FIG. 5A, and includes a first rectifier 57e and a second rectifier 57f to provide two or more different output powers. Each rectifier uses one transformer and each transformer uses an example of a plurality of rectifier modules M11 (see FIG. 5B) as necessary.

Four rectifier modules 571, 572, 573, 574 are connected to the output transformer (T3), and charging / discharge capacitors (Co1, Co2, Co3, Co4) are respectively connected to the output terminals of each module, and each rectifier module ( The output terminals (a) and (b) of M11 are connected to each other in common to form one output terminal V _out1 . Two rectifier modules 575 and 576 are connected to the output transformer T4, and the capacitors Co5 and Co6 for charge and discharge are respectively connected to the output terminals of each module, and the output terminals (a) of each rectifier module M11. And (b) are commonly connected to each other to form another output terminal V _out2 . Referring to this embodiment, it can be seen that the number of output transformers and the number of rectifier modules connected to each transformer can be appropriately determined according to the number of outputs of the power supply device and the rated power.

FIG. 5F illustrates an example of an output rectifying unit 57g used in connection with the bridge inverter unit shown in FIGS. 5A, 5C, or 5D. This example shows that the size of the transformer can be reduced by using multiple output transformers to obtain one output. And, even if the configuration of each rectifying module is not the same indicates that they can be connected in parallel.

The output rectifier shown in FIG. 5F is another example of the output rectifier shown in FIG. 5A, and is connected to three transformers T3, T4, and T5, respectively, to provide one high power output power V _out1 . Rectification modules 577, 578 and 579. In each module, diodes D1 and D2 are used as rectifying elements. To prevent ringing by leakage inductance of the primary coil of the transformer and junction capacitor of the diode, resistors (Rs) and capacitors ( The snubber circuit composed of Cs) is connected.

In the case of low current, even if a diode is used instead of a transistor as a rectifying device, there is little problem due to the low power loss, and since the MOSFET transistor has a low internal breakdown voltage, in order to obtain a high voltage (normally 500V or more) rectified output, a diode is paralleled rather than a transistor. It is more suitable to use. Therefore, this embodiment is suitable for the case where low current and high voltage output are required. In addition, FIG. 5F shows that a rectifier module 580 composed of an additional transformer T6 and a module M11 (see FIG. 5B) may be further connected in parallel with a rectifier module configured of a diode.

6A is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a push-pull SMPS. Since the circuit on the primary winding side of the power transformer T ₁ is substantially the same as the configuration shown in FIG. 3A, its illustration and description are omitted, and the push-pull inverter units 61a and 63a and the output rectifying unit 67a are provided. Is shown. DC power supplies V ₁ and V ₂ are power output from the input rectifier 11 shown in FIG. 1, and DC power supply V ₁ is a high voltage DC power supply for amplifying power (high voltage power supply) for determining the voltage level of the output signal. The other DC power supply V ₂ is supplied to the power supply of the primary side of the power transformer T ₁ and is a power supply (switching power supply) for generating a square wave signal by a switching operation.

The push-pull inverters 61a and 63a have two forward type outputs, and each of the forward type outputs supplies power to the load in half cycles. Each module included in the upper output unit 61a may be configured with the circuits M1 and M3 shown in FIG. 4A or 4C, and at least two modules are connected in parallel. Each module included in the lower output unit 63a may be configured of circuits M2 and M4 corresponding to the circuits M1 and M3, and at least two modules are connected in parallel. That is, each output unit includes two or more modules having substantially the same configuration to minimize the loss power generated at the output unit. As the number of modules increases, the power loss due to the internal resistance of the transistor decreases in proportion to the increased number.

Each module included in the upper output section 61a and the lower output section 63a has substantially the same internal configuration, except that it is a gate terminal of the transistors Q ₁ and Q ₂ included in the upper output section 61a. The current is applied in the same direction as the polarity of the primary winding of the transformer T ₁ , and the primary winding of the transformer T ₁ is a gate terminal of the transistors Q3 and Q4 included in the lower output unit 63a. The current is applied in the opposite direction to. Therefore, it can be seen that the transistors included in the upper output part 61a and the lower output part 63a are alternately turned on / off according to the level of the square wave transmitted through the transformer T ₁ .

(A) terminals (ie, drain terminals of the transistors) of the respective modules 611 and 612 of the upper output unit 61a are connected in common and are connected to the up side of the primary winding of the output transistor T3. Terminal (b) of each module (ie, source terminal of the transistor) is connected in common and is connected to the negative terminal (-V ₁ ) of the high voltage power supply V ₁ through the primary winding of the transformer T2. . (A) terminals (ie, drain terminals of the transistors) of the modules 631 and 632 of the lower output unit 63a are connected in common and connected to the DOWN side of the primary winding of the output transistor T3. Terminal (b) of each module (ie, source terminal of the transistor) is connected in common and is connected to the negative terminal (-V ₁ ) of the high voltage power supply V ₁ through the primary winding of the transformer T2. .

The output terminal of the inverter is connected to the primary winding of the output transformer T3, and the output terminal thereof is the (+) terminal of the common (a) terminal of each module 611 and 612 of the upper output unit 61a and the high voltage power supply (V ₁ ). ) And a common (a) terminal of each of the modules 631 and 632 of the lower output unit 63a.

When the square wave signal is transmitted to the secondary winding of the drive transformer T ₁ , the transistors included in the upper output unit 61a are turned on at the same time or the transistors included in the lower output unit 63a are simultaneously turned on according to the logic level. A square wave is generated at the output terminal. The output signal becomes the input of the output rectifier to be connected next. In other words, when the switching transistor Q ₁ connected to the PWM control circuit 31 shown in FIG. 3A is turned on, the transistors of the upper output part 61a are turned on and the transistors of the lower output part 63a are turned off to turn off the high voltage power supply ( The current flows from the positive terminal of V ₁ through the upper winding 61a and the primary winding of the transformer T2 in the direction of the negative terminal (-V ₁ ) of the high voltage power supply V ₁ . Next, when the switching transistor Q ₁ is turned off, the transistors of the upper output part 61a are turned off, and the transistors of the lower output part 63a are turned on so that the lower output part (at the positive terminal of the high voltage power supply V ₁ ) is turned on. The current flows in the direction of the negative terminal (-V ₁ ) of the high voltage power supply V ₁ through the primary winding of 63a) and the transformer T2. As described above, the square wave having the voltage level amplified is formed in the primary coil of the output transformer T3 by the on / off operation of the switching transistor Q ₁ , and the square wave is transmitted to the secondary coil side.

In addition, as the switching frequency of the inverter increases, the power loss caused by the capacitance (Coss) between the drain and the source of each MOSFET increases. In order to reduce the power loss, each output part includes a diode between the drain and the source of the transistor. Dd), the capacitor Cd and the charge and discharge portion consisting of the resistor Rd are connected between the drain and the source (see FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C). However, when the voltage V1 applied to the transistor is low (for example, 50V or less), it may be omitted. Therefore, the heat loss due to the junction capacitance Coss between the drain and the source of the transistor is dissipated in the resistor Rd, thereby preventing the thermal runaway of the transistor.

The upper output section 61a shown in FIG. 6A has a structure in which two modules each having the configuration M1 as shown in FIG. 4A are connected in parallel, respectively. In other words, the drain terminals a of the transistors belonging to each module are commonly tied and the source terminals b of the transistors are tied in common to form a parallel structure. Similarly, the lower output unit 63a also has a structure in which two modules M2 having the configuration as shown in FIG. 4B are connected in parallel. In this parallel structure, when the transistors in the output unit are turned on, the current flowing through each transistor becomes 1/2 of the total current, and accordingly, the power loss due to the on-resistance Rds of the transistor can be reduced to 1/2. In this embodiment, the number of modules included in each output unit is illustrated as two, but if the number of modules is increased, the power loss can be lowered to increase efficiency, but the physical volume of the power supply will be increased. Reducing the number will do the opposite, so the number of modules can be added or subtracted depending on the power rating or purpose of use.

The current feedback unit 65a senses a current flowing through the negative terminal (-V ₁ ) of the high voltage power supply V _{1 and} returns it to the PWM control circuit 31 as shown in FIG. 3A. As described with reference to FIG. 3A, since the power supply V ₂ and the output power supply V ₁ of the circuit for the switching operation are separated from each other by the transformer T2, oscillation or noise due to a high frequency operation is generated. You can prevent it.

The feedback portions 65a and S2 include a current coupling transformer T2, and the polarity of the winding is as shown in the figure. The resistor R7 converts the current-voltage signal induced in the secondary winding of the transformer T2. Regardless of whether the switching transistor Q ₁ is on or off, the direction of current flows from the positive terminal of the high voltage power supply V ₁ through the primary winding of the transformer T3 to the negative terminal (-V ₁ ). The flow causes the diode D4 to conduct a forward bias. The capacitor C6 is used for noise reduction, the variable resistor VR1 is used to adjust the potential level of the output signal SENSE, and the voltage signal SENSE adjusted by the variable resistor VR1 is the PWM control circuit 31. Is fed back.

The feedback unit 65a senses an output current to generate a detection signal SENSE for controlling the switching transistor Q _{1. The} transformer T2 electrically separates the switching circuit unit from the inverter output unit, and also provides a feedback unit. The negative terminal of 65a) is also electrically isolated from the high voltage power supply V _{1 which} is connected to the negative terminal (-V ₂ ) of the switching power supply V ₂ to adjust the output level of the inverter. Therefore, oscillation and noise appearing at the output of the inverter can be prevented by the high frequency operation in the switching transistor Q ₁ .

Next, the output rectifying section 67a of the push-pull switching power supply will be described. The output terminal of the inverter unit is connected to the primary winding of the output transformer T3, and the output rectifying unit 67a is connected to the secondary winding side. The output transformer T3 receives a square wave of a high potential level output from the inverter unit and lowers it to a constant voltage according to the winding ratio, and rectifies the rectifier to provide a DC power.

On the output side of the transformer T3, a rectifying element and a filter capacitor are provided. The transformer adjusts the output voltage according to the turns ratio, the transistors are rectifying elements, and the capacitor is a filter element.

It can be seen that the output rectifier 67a includes an output module and a filter capacitor Co1 connected to both ends of the output terminal. A specific configuration of each output module M11 constituting the output rectifying unit 67a is illustrated in FIG. 5B, and includes upper modules M11a and 671 and lower modules M11b and 672. The upper module M11a and the lower module M11b are connected to the secondary windings of the output transformer T3 to perform rectification. If the switching transistor Q ₁ shown in FIG. 3A is turned on, the transistor Q ₁₁ of the upper module M11a is turned on, and if the switching transistor Q ₁ is turned off, the transistor Q ₁₂ of the lower module M11b is turned off. Comes on. The output capacitor Co1 smoothly filters small ripples to provide a DC power output.

An upper module (M11a) in addition to the transistor (Q ₁₁₎ and a snubber circuit. The RC element including the resistor Rs1 and the capacitor Cs1 is a first snubber circuit for preventing an overvoltage ringing phenomenon caused by the leakage inductance of the primary coil of the transformer T3 and the gate capacitance of the transistor Q ₁₁ . An RC element composed of a resistor Rd1 and a capacitor Cd1 prevents an overvoltage ringing phenomenon caused by leakage inductance of the primary coil of the output transformer T3 and capacitance Coss between the drain and the source of the transistor Q ₁₁ . Second snubber circuit. A gate resistor (Rg1) connected between the gate terminal of the transistor (Q ₁₁₎ is added in order to ensure that the rise time of the square wave rise time (rising time) and the transistor (Q ₁₁₎ of the transfer from the transformer (T3) matched.

The lower module M11a is substantially the same as the internal configuration of the upper module M11a, and the functions and parameters of the snubber circuit and the gate resistor are also the same. However, in the upper module M11a, the gate of the transistor Q ₁₁ is used. The terminal is connected to the winding with the polarity dot of the transformer T3, while in the lower module M11b the gate terminal of the transistor Q ₁₂ is connected to the winding without the polarity dot of the transformer T3. There is a difference in that. Therefore, the square wave power signal transmitted from the primary winding of the transformer T3 can be conducted alternately according to its logic level.

Meanwhile, in the push-pull SMPS circuit diagram shown in FIG. 6A, a high voltage power supply V1 and a switching circuit power supply V2 are separately supplied. Push-pull power air is often used for low power, in which case it was experimentally confirmed that it works normally even if two power supplies are configured as one power supply. That is, one power source is input to the switching circuit and can also be configured to supply power to the interleaver.

FIG. 6B illustrates another configuration of the push-pull inverter (that is, the configuration between the transformer T ₁ and the transformer T3) of the power supply circuit shown in FIG. 6A. When using a plurality of modules (M1, M2), in sensing the current through the transformer (T2) connected to the feedback unit (65b) of the upper output portion (61b) and lower output portion (63b) instead of the total operating current Each module is configured to sense an output current flowing through one module (615 and 633 in the drawing). By doing so, the current rating of the transformer T2 can be lowered and the size of the transformer T2 can be reduced.

In FIG. 6B, terminals (a) of the three modules 613, 614, and 615 of the upper output unit 61b are connected to each other to form one output terminal of the inverter, and terminals (b) of the two modules 613 and 614 are connected to each other. is connected to the high voltage power source (V ₁₎ (-) terminal (-V _1), but the connection of the module (615) of (b) the terminal is a transformer (T2) high-voltage power supply (V ₁₎ through the primary winding of the ( It is connected to the terminal (-V ₁ ). The (a) terminals of the three modules 633, 634 and 635 of the lower output unit 63b are connected to each other to form different output terminals of the inverter, and the (b) terminals of the two modules 634 and 635 are connected to each other so as to connect the high voltage power supply (V). ₁ ) is connected to the (-) terminal (-V ₁ ), but (b) terminal of one module 633 is directly connected to the (b) terminal of one module 615 of the upper output portion (61b). As the module of the upper output unit 61b, the circuit M1 shown in FIG. 4A or the circuit M3 shown in FIG. 4C may be applied. As the module of the lower output unit 63b, the circuit shown in FIG. 4B is used. M2 or the circuit M4 shown in FIG. 4D may be applied, and the overall function is as described with reference to FIG. 6A.

FIG. 6C illustrates an example of an output rectifying unit used in connection with the push-pull inverter unit illustrated in FIG. 6A or 6B. The output rectifier shown in FIG. 6C is another example of the output rectifier shown in FIG. 6A, and includes a plurality of rectifiers 67C1, 67C2, and 67C3. Each rectifier uses one transformer and each transformer uses an example of a plurality of rectifier modules M11 (see FIG. 5B) as necessary.

Two rectifier modules 671 and 672 are connected to the transformer T3, and filter capacitors Co11 and Co12 are connected to the output terminals of each module, respectively, and output terminals (a) and each of the rectifier modules M11. (b) are connected to each other in common to form one output voltage V _out1 . One rectifier module 673 is connected to the transformer T4, and a filter capacitor Co2 is connected to the output terminal thereof, and output terminals (a) and (b) of the rectifier module M11 are output voltage (V). _out2 ). Referring to this embodiment, it can be seen that the number of output transformers and the number of rectifier modules connected to each transformer can be appropriately determined according to the number of output voltages of the power supply device and the amount of output power.

On the other hand, the transformer T5 may adopt the output rectifying unit 67c3 having the configuration as shown in FIG. 5F for the low current / high voltage output. In the case of low current, even if a diode is used instead of a transistor as a rectifying element, there is no problem because of low power loss.In the case of a high voltage MOSFET transistor, the diode is higher than a transistor because of the large internal resistance between drain and source. Using in parallel is more efficient. Therefore, this embodiment is suitable for the case where low current and high voltage output are required. 6D shows an example in which the diode is configured in this way.

This circuit can implement an inverter for high power (low voltage and high current) using a battery voltage, and can be applied to a DC motor driving device to increase the switching frequency as well as energy saving, thereby improving the torque of the motor. In particular, when applied to an air conditioner compressor motor, it is possible to significantly reduce the power consumption of the air conditioner. The above-described configuration of the converter can be used as a driving circuit of a power converter that requires high power, and is particularly useful for various inverters or converter circuits used in battery chargers, DC motor driving devices, and the like. The converter according to the present invention is also suitable as a driving circuit of a low voltage / high power power supply device such as a notebook computer.

As described above, according to the power supply apparatus according to the present invention, the power supply V2 supplied to the switching frequency oscillator (PWM control circuit) and the power supply V1 supplied to the main power amplifier (output side of the power transformer) are completely separated and switched. Even if the frequency is increased, oscillation does not occur and high efficiency can be obtained. According to the present invention, the switching frequency can be greatly increased as compared with the related art, thereby reducing the size of the transformer used in the converter and reducing the number of turns of the coil, thereby reducing energy loss due to the resistance of the coil.

In addition, in the conventional totem pole signal generation method, the reactive power loss is 20% or more, so that the efficiency cannot be 80% or more. -) By separately transmitting and amplifying the pulses, it can be lowered to neglect the reactive power loss. In addition, in the prior art, a filter including an inductor and a capacitor for compensating reactive power should be provided at the converter output stage. However, in the present invention, only a capacitor having a low capacitance is required without having such a filter because the magnitude of the ripple appearing on the output side is small. This is an advantage over economics and physical volume.

Claims (39)

A power output unit configured to output a first power source and a second power source; A switching unit which operates at a predetermined frequency according to a switching signal and outputs the second power by chopping the square wave of the frequency; An inverter unit receiving the square wave signal having the level of the second power and amplifying the square wave signal having the level of the first power; And And a rectifier for rectifying the square wave signal output from the inverter and outputting the rectified square wave signal. The method of claim 1, wherein the switching unit A current feedback unit for detecting and feeding back the output current of the inverter unit; An output feedback unit for feeding back an output signal of the output rectifier; And A switching control unit for controlling the DC voltage of the final output is maintained by adjusting the pulse phase of the switching signal according to the error signal comparing the feedback output signal with a predetermined reference signal and the detection signal output from the current feedback unit Switching mode power supply characterized in that it further comprises. A power output unit configured to output a first power source and a second power source; A switching unit which operates at a predetermined frequency according to a switching signal and outputs the second power by chopping the square wave of the frequency; And And a first and a second switching device in which a square wave signal having the level of the second power source is input and alternately turned on or off, and the first switching element is turned on at a positive phase of the input square wave signal. While outputting a positive level signal of the power supply while the second switching element is turned on in the negative phase of the input square wave signal to output a negative level signal of the first power supply, the square wave signal having the level of the first power supply Switching mode power supply comprising a inverter output. The method of claim 3, Switching mode power supply characterized in that it further comprises an output rectifier for rectifying the square wave signal output from the inverter unit and outputs the DC power. According to claim 1 or 3, wherein the power output unit Switching mode power supply, characterized in that the input rectifier outputs the first power having a relatively high voltage level and the second power having a relatively low voltage level, receiving the AC power and rectifying it to a DC power supply. . According to claim 1 or 3, wherein the switching unit A switch that is turned on or off according to a switching signal; And A primary winding is connected between the second power supply and the switch to supply a square wave power supply to the primary winding by an on or off operation of the switch, and outputs a square wave signal having a level of the second power supply to the secondary winding. Switching mode power supply comprising a. The method of claim 6, wherein the primary winding of the transformer includes a primary winding and an auxiliary winding in which the coils are substantially the same in thickness and the number of turns, and are reversed in polarity, wherein the auxiliary winding and the auxiliary winding are turned on in the switching unit. Switching mode power supply characterized in that the energy is stored alternately in accordance with the off operation, and the stored energy is transferred to the secondary winding. According to claim 1 or 3, wherein the second power output unit for generating the second power from the power output unit, A first rectifying unit receiving an AC power and rectifying the DC power; A second switching unit which is turned on or off at a predetermined frequency according to the switching signal; A primary winding is connected between the DC power supply of the first rectifying unit and the second switching unit to interrupt the DC power supplied to the primary winding by turning on or off the second switching unit to supply power to the secondary winding. A power conversion unit; A second rectifier connected to the secondary winding of the power converter to convert AC power into DC power and output a second power; A detection unit for detecting a current flowing in the primary winding of the power conversion unit according to an on or off operation of the second switching unit and feeding it back to the control unit; And And a controller configured to receive the second power supply of the second rectifier and generate the switching signal according to an error signal comparing the second power supply with a reference signal and a detection signal output from the detection unit. The method of claim 8, wherein the detection unit Connected between one pole of an input DC power supply and the second switching unit, the current flowing through the primary winding of the power conversion unit is supplied to the primary winding in accordance with on or off of the second switching unit, and converted into a predetermined ratio. A current-coupling converter for supplying the secondary winding; And And a signal generator for generating a detection signal input to the controller from power induced in the secondary winding of the current-coupling converter. The method of claim 8, wherein the second rectifying unit A transistor having a gate terminal and a source terminal connected to both ends of the secondary winding of the power converter and having an output terminal drawn from the drain terminal; And A first snubber circuit for preventing a ringing phenomenon caused by a leakage capacitance and a gate capacitance between the gate terminal and the source terminal and a leakage inductance between the drain terminal and the source terminal and the capacitance between the drain and the source terminal And a snubber unit including at least one of second snubber circuits for preventing ringing from occurring. The method of claim 8, wherein the second rectifying unit A rectifier diode is connected to the secondary winding of the power converter, Switching mode power supply, characterized in that the snubber circuit is connected to both ends of the diode or both ends of the secondary winding of the power converter in order to prevent the ringing phenomenon caused by the leakage inductance of the power converter and the junction capacitance of the diode. According to claim 1 or claim 3, The first power output unit for generating the first power from the power output unit, At least two rectifiers receiving the AC power and rectifying the DC power to generate a voltage of the second power source, and each rectifying unit has substantially the same internal configuration and outputs the same voltage, and each of the rectifiers (+) and ( -) Switching mode power supply, characterized in that the output terminals are connected to each other in common. The method of claim 12, wherein each of the rectifier is composed of a module having a predetermined rating and having (+) and (-) output terminal, by connecting the (+) and (-) output terminal of each module to each other A switching mode power supply characterized by comprising a first power output unit having a rating required as one power source. The method of claim 3, wherein the inverter unit A transformer receiving a square wave signal having a level of the second power supply, and two transistors connected to a secondary winding of the transformer and operating as a switching element, The drain terminal of the first transistor is connected to the (+) terminal of the first power supply, the source terminal of the second transistor is connected to the (-) terminal of the first power source, the source terminal and the second transistor of the first transistor A switching mode power supply, characterized in that the drain terminal of the common connection is formed to form an output terminal. The method of claim 14, wherein the first or second transistor is Switching power supply, characterized in that the plurality of transistor elements are connected in parallel so that the current is distributed to each transistor element flows. The method of claim 14, wherein each transistor is A charge discharge unit for discharging the charge charged in the capacitance between the drain and the source of each transistor; And And a snubber portion for suppressing a ringing phenomenon caused by leakage inductance of the primary coil of the transformer and capacitance between the gate and the source of each transistor. The switching mode power supply of claim 16, wherein the snubber unit connects a resistor and a capacitor connected in series to the secondary winding of the transformer in parallel. The method of claim 16, wherein the charge discharge unit A capacitor that charges a charge due to capacitance between a drain and a source generated while the transistor is off; A resistor for releasing charge stored in the capacitor while the transistor is on; And And a diode for defining the direction of current while the transistor is on or off. The method of claim 16, wherein the transistor is And a gate resistor added to a gate input terminal to match the rise time of the square wave signal transmitted from the transformer with the rise time of the transistor. A power output unit configured to output a first power source and a second power source; A switching unit operating at a predetermined frequency according to a switching signal to output the second power by chopping the square wave at the frequency; And The middle tap terminal of the first power supply forms an output terminal, and includes an up output part and a down output part which are alternately turned on or off depending on a logic level of the input square wave signal, By setting the current path to the middle tap terminal of the first power supply through the up output unit or the current path from the middle tap terminal of the first power source to the negative terminal of the first power source through the down output unit And an inverter unit receiving the square wave signal having the level of the second power and amplifying the square wave signal having the level of the first power. The method of claim 20, The up output unit or down output unit includes at least one switching transistor, The drain terminal of the transistor included in the up-output unit is connected in common to the (+) terminal of the first power source, the source terminal of the transistor is connected in common, The source terminal of the transistor included in the down output unit is connected in common and is connected to the negative terminal of the first power supply, and the drain terminal of the transistor is connected in common. And a common drain terminal of the transistor of the down output part and a common source terminal of the transistor of the up output part are connected in common to form an output terminal of the inverter part. A power output unit configured to output a first power source and a second power source; A switching unit operating at a predetermined frequency according to a switching signal to output the second power by chopping the square wave at the frequency; And First to fourth outputs are alternately turned on or off according to the logic level of the input square wave signal, and are provided through the first output unit, the output terminal, and the fourth output unit at the positive terminal of the first power source. Set a current path to the negative terminal of the first power source, or (-) of the first power source through the second output unit, the output terminal and the third output unit at the positive terminal of the first power source. And an inverter unit configured to set a current path to a terminal and to receive a square wave signal having the level of the second power source and to amplify the square wave signal having the level of the first power source. The method of claim 22, Each of the first to fourth output units includes at least one switching transistor, Drain terminals of the transistors included in the first and second output units are commonly connected to the positive terminal of the first power supply, and source terminals of the transistors of the first and second output units are commonly connected to each other. The common source terminal of the transistor of the first output unit is connected to the through source terminal of the transistor of the third output unit via the output terminal of the inverter unit, Source terminals of the transistors included in the second and fourth output parts are connected in common, and are connected to the negative terminal of the first power supply, and drain terminals of the transistors of the third and fourth output parts are connected in common. And a common drain terminal of the transistor of the third output unit is connected to a common source terminal of the first output unit, and a common drain terminal of the transistor of the fourth output unit is connected to a common source terminal of the second output unit. Switching mode power supply. A power output unit configured to output a first power source and a second power source; A switching unit operating at a predetermined frequency to output the second power by chopping the square wave of the frequency; And The positive terminal of the first power supply forms an output terminal, and includes an up output unit and a down output unit which are alternately turned on or off depending on a logic level of the input square wave signal. Set the current path from the (+) terminal of the first power supply to the (-) terminal through the up output unit or from the (+) terminal of the first power supply to the (-) terminal through the down output unit. And an inverter unit configured to receive a square wave signal having the level of the second power and amplify the square wave signal having the level of the first power. The method of claim 24, The up output unit includes at least one module including a transistor, and the drain terminals of the transistors included in each module are connected in common to the up terminal of the primary winding of the output transistor, and the source terminal of the transistor is commonly Connected to the negative terminal of the first power source, The down output unit includes at least one module including a transistor, and the drain terminals of the transistors included in each module are connected in common to the down terminal of the primary winding of the output transistor, and the source terminal of the transistor is commonly Connected to the negative terminal of the first power source, According to the logic level of the input square wave signal, the transistors included in the up-output unit are simultaneously turned on to allow a current to flow from the (+) terminal of the first power supply to the (-) terminal direction of the first power supply via the up-output unit, or Transistors included in the down output unit are simultaneously turned on to flow current from the positive terminal of the first power supply through the down output unit toward the negative terminal of the first power supply, and thus have a level of the first power supply at the output terminal. Switching mode power supply, characterized in that to generate a square wave. 25. The switched mode power supply of claim 24, wherein the first and second power supplies use the same power supply. 25. The method of claim 20, 22 or 24, wherein each output unit of the inverter unit includes a plurality of switching elements, the current path is set by the switching elements included in each output unit on or off at the same time each output Switching mode power supply, characterized in that the current flowing in the negative portion is distributed to each switching element flows. 25. The method of claim 20, 22 or 24, wherein the switching unit A current feedback unit for detecting and feeding back a current flowing through the output terminal of the inverter unit; And And a switching control unit controlling the pulse phase of the switching signal according to the detection signal output from the current feedback unit to control the DC voltage of the final output to be constant. The method according to claim 20, 22 or 24, wherein each output unit of the inverter unit includes a plurality of switching elements. A current feedback unit for detecting and returning a current flowing in a current path formed by some of the plurality of switching elements included in each output unit; And a switching control unit controlling the pulse phase of the switching signal according to the detection signal output from the current feedback unit to control the DC voltage of the final output to be constant. The method according to claim 20, 22 or 24, Placing a current-coupling transformer on the current path flowing through the output terminal of the inverter unit, converts the current induced in the secondary winding of the transformer into a voltage signal, and feedback it to adjust the pulse phase of the switching signal of the final output Switching mode power supply, characterized in that the control to maintain a constant DC voltage. 25. The method of claim 20, 22 or 24, wherein each output portion of the inverter unit includes a switching transistor, A charge discharge unit for discharging the charge charged in the capacitance between the drain and the source of each transistor; And And a snubber portion for suppressing the ringing phenomenon caused by the leakage inductance of the transformer and the capacitance between the gate and the source of each transistor. The method of claim 31, wherein the charge discharge unit A capacitor that charges a charge due to capacitance between a drain and a source generated while the transistor is off; A resistor for releasing charge stored in the capacitor while the transistor is on; And And a diode for defining the direction of current while the transistor is on or off. 32. The device of claim 31, wherein each transistor is And a gate resistor added to a gate input terminal to match the rise time of the square wave signal transmitted from the transformer with the rise time of the transistor. The method according to claim 20, 22 or 24, Switching mode power supply characterized in that it further comprises an output rectifier for rectifying the square wave signal output from the inverter unit and outputs the DC power. 35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the output rectifier is The square wave signal output from the inverter unit is delivered by placing a transformer, the upper module and the lower module alternately turned on or off according to the phase of the transmitted square wave signal, Each of the upper module and the lower module A transistor having a gate terminal and a source terminal connected to both ends of the secondary winding of the transformer and having an output terminal drawn from a drain terminal; And The first snubber circuit for preventing ringing due to leakage inductance and gate capacitance of the transformer between the gate terminal and the source terminal and the leakage inductance of the transformer between the drain terminal and the source terminal and the capacitance between the drain and the source terminal And a snubber unit including at least one of second snubber circuits for preventing a ringing phenomenon. The method of claim 34, wherein The square wave signal output from the inverter unit is delivered by placing a transformer, the upper module and the lower module alternately turned on or off according to the phase of the transmitted square wave signal, Each of the upper module and the lower module A rectifier diode is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer, And a snubber circuit is connected at both ends of the diode or at both ends of the secondary winding of the power converter in order to prevent ringing caused by leakage inductance of the transformer and junction capacitance of the diode. An AC input unit configured to receive an AC power supply, clamp an excessive input voltage to a safe level, and block excessive inflow current from the input power source; A current path setting unit which determines a flow of current according to a phase of the input AC power source; And At least two rectifiers having an output unit for generating a DC voltage by charging the current transmitted by the current path setting unit, And the rectifiers have substantially the same internal configuration and output the same voltage, and the positive and negative output terminals of each rectifier are commonly connected to each other. 38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein each rectifier comprises a module having a predetermined rating and includes (+) and (-) output terminals to connect the (+) and (-) output terminals of each module to each other. A rectifier comprising a first power output unit having a rating required as one power source. 38. The rectifier of claim 37, wherein the output of each rectifier further comprises a pi-type filter composed of a capacitor and an inductor to remove harmonic noise.