CN114941673A - Composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption - Google Patents
Composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/12—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members
- F16F7/128—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members characterised by the members, e.g. a flat strap, yielding through stretching, pulling apart
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering and absorbing energy, which comprises an inwards concave star-shaped structure, wherein the inwards concave star-shaped structure is a hollow structure with a plurality of concave corner points, a thin-wall round structure used as internal constraint is arranged in the hollow structure, the thin-wall round structure is coupled and connected with the concave corner points, the inwards concave star-shaped structure forms a two-dimensional composite negative Poisson's ratio structure through a geometric mirror image and a periodic array, and the inwards concave star-shaped structures are connected through a beam-shaped structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of negative Poisson ratio structures, in particular to a composite negative Poisson ratio structure for buffering and energy absorption.
Background
The poisson ratio is an inherent characteristic of a material, means that a negative value of a ratio of strain of the material along a vertical load direction to strain along the load direction when the material is subjected to a load, and is a mechanical parameter for measuring deformation characteristics of the material. Most materials in nature exhibit a positive poisson's ratio, i.e., they contract in a direction of vertical load when in tension and expand in vertical load when in compression. The negative Poisson ratio mechanical metamaterial is used as a manually designed structural material, and the structure can integrally show an unconventional negative Poisson ratio effect, namely the deformation characteristics of tensile expansion and compression contraction, also called as a tensile expansion effect, through reasonable structural design, so that the metamaterial has excellent mechanical properties such as light weight, high specific energy absorption, high specific strength and the like, and has great application potential in the aspects of buffering energy absorption and structural impact protection.
In the current negative poisson ratio material or structure, the stress-strain curve of most negative poisson ratio materials or structures only has one platform stage when being pressed, the deformation mode is single, and the negative poisson ratio materials or structures have high randomness and instability, so that the platform stress fluctuation is high, the whole energy absorption effect of the structure is poor, the initial stress peak value is generally larger than the platform stress value, and the buffer protection of the structure is greatly not facilitated.
The above information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption, which further improves the mechanical property and the energy absorption buffering capacity of the negative Poisson's ratio structure, has multi-step deformation and a plurality of energy absorption platforms, and has various deformation modes, stable and ordered deformation process and higher energy absorption compared with other structures.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption,
the concave star-shaped structure is a hollow-out structure with a plurality of concave angular points, a thin-wall round structure serving as internal constraint is arranged in the hollow-out structure, the thin-wall round structure is coupled and connected with the concave angular points, the concave star-shaped structure forms a two-dimensional composite negative Poisson's ratio structure through a geometric mirror image and a periodic array, and the concave star-shaped structures are connected through a beam-shaped structure.
In the composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption, the beam-shaped structure is a thin-wall beam.
In the composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption, the strength of the beam-shaped structure is smaller than that of the concave star-shaped structure.
In the composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption, the thin-wall round structure is coupled and connected with all the concave angle points.
In the composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption, the composite negative Poisson's ratio structure shows three stress platforms and three deformation steps under the action of a compressive load. As can be understood, the composite structure has an obvious negative Poisson ratio characteristic, the thin-wall circular structure and the star-shaped hollow structure are coupled in motion, a lateral compression mode of the thin-wall circular structure is introduced, and the structure has three energy-absorbing stress platforms under quasi-static compression and shows an ordered three-step deformation mode.
In the composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption, the concave star-shaped structure is a centrosymmetric structure.
In the composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption, the cell wall lengths l of the hollow-out structures are all equal, and the cell wall thickness t follows the cell wall slenderness ratio t/l < 1/10.
In the composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption, the inward concave angle alpha is 55 degrees < alpha <75 degrees, and the included angle phi between the inward concave star-shaped structures is 0 degrees < phi <90 degrees.
In the composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption, the concave star structure is a centrosymmetric hollow structure with four concave corner points, the concave star structure is firstly arranged along a y-axis in a mirror image manner, then the structure after mirror image arrangement is arranged along an x-axis in a mirror image manner again to form a representative volume unit, and then the representative volume unit is periodically arrayed along the x-axis and the y-axis to form a two-dimensional periodic structure.
In the composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption, the material of the concave star-shaped structure is aluminum alloy, stainless steel, titanium alloy, nylon or resin.
In the technical scheme, the composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects: the composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption shows three orderly and stable deformation steps when bearing a compression load, the deformation modes are diversified, corresponding stress strain curves show three unique platform stress stages except an elastic stage and a compact stage, and the deformation characteristic solves the problems that the deformation of the current structure is random and unstable, the deformation modes are single, and the stress platform is limited by only one. The stress of the first platform is generated by bending deformation of a beam-shaped connection bearing bending moment; for the second platform stress, under the action of a compressive load, the horizontal nodes of the star-shaped structure generate opposite contraction motion to drive the vertical nodes to vertically translate, so that the cell walls of the star-shaped structure rotate and bend, and the thin-wall circular structure deforms, and the second platform stress is generated; during the third deformation step, a third stress platform is generated mainly due to the further deformation of the thin-walled circular structure and the bending and rotation of the inclined wall of the star-shaped structure. The deformation mechanism of each platform stage is different, and the deformation step and the platform stress of the structure can be independently improved and designed through the reasonable design of the whole structure and the reasonable interaction between the cell elements, so that the platform stress and the energy absorption effect of the structure are further improved. This structure has good energy absorption ability, compares in current negative poisson ratio structure, and novel structure combines revolution mechanic's rotation characteristic and burden poisson effect and the big deformation that can reentrant the structure ingeniously, through public nodal connection, turns into vertical displacement load with horizontal displacement load, indirectly introduces the lateral compression of cell wall circle, further improves the deformability of structure, dissipates more energy, shows better energy-absorbing effect. According to the invention, the appropriate structure geometric parameters are selected according to the actual engineering index requirements so as to meet different application requirements.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art according to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for cushioning energy;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a finite element simulation model of an embodiment of a composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for energy absorption and cushioning;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a simulated structure under compressive load for one embodiment of a composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for cushioning energy absorption;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the mechanical response of a simulated structure of one embodiment of a composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption under a compressive load;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the effect that the geometry of the structure of one embodiment of a composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering the absorption of energy has on its overall performance;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of compressive strain versus specific energy absorption for an embodiment of a composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of structural design concept and geometric layout with multiple stress plateau phases for one embodiment of a composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for damping absorbed energy.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and completely with reference to fig. 1 to 7 of the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, those skilled in the art will now describe the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In one embodiment, the composite negative poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption comprises a concave star-shaped structure 2 which is a hollow structure with a plurality of concave corner points 7, thin-wall round structures 3 serving as internal constraints are arranged in the hollow structure, the thin-wall round structures 3 are coupled and connected with the concave corner points 7, the concave star-shaped structure 2 forms a two-dimensional composite negative poisson's ratio structure through geometric mirror images and periodic arrays, and the concave star-shaped structures 2 are connected through beam-shaped structures 4. The invention effectively improves the current situation that the deformation mode of the negative Poisson ratio structure is single, ensures that the deformation process has the characteristic of stability, order and controllability, further improves the specific energy absorption of the negative Poisson ratio structure, promotes the application of the negative Poisson ratio structure in the field of buffering and energy absorption, and provides reference for the design of novel structural materials. The invention is suitable for the design of various buffering and protecting structures including the design of the energy absorption boxes of the automobile bumper and the anti-collision beam, and can realize buffering and energy absorption under different load actions and reduce the damage action of the load on the structure by reasonably selecting the structural materials, the size and the like.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, based on the conventional rotational rigid square structure, a beam-shaped structure 4 with small thickness is used as a connection to replace the original ideal hinge connection, and the rigid square is hollowed out to form a new star-shaped structure, and a thin-wall circle is used as an internal constraint to be connected with four corner points of the star-shaped structure together, and geometric mirror image and periodic array are performed on the star-shaped structure to form a two-dimensional composite negative poisson ratio structure.
When the structure bears the compression load, because the strength of beam-shaped connection is much smaller than that of a star-shaped structure, the structure is equivalent to a hinge capable of bearing and transmitting bending moment, so that adjacent star-shaped structures can rotate around the beam-shaped connection in opposite directions, the whole structure is inwards concave and contracted, and the characteristic of negative Poisson's ratio is presented. In the whole compression process, due to the self-contact of the beam-shaped structure 4 and the cell wall, a stable middle geometric structure can be formed, so that three orderly and stable deformation steps are shown, and three platform stress stages are shown on a stress-strain curve, so that the whole compressive strength of the structure is improved, and the energy absorption capacity is improved.
It should be noted that the structure is formed by reasonably combining two negative Poisson's ratio structures, and meanwhile, the thin-wall circular structure 3 with better compression resistance and energy absorption effect is introduced, so that the overall mechanical property and energy absorption capability of the structure are further enhanced. The cell wall lengths l of the star-shaped structures are all equal, and the cell wall thickness t can be selected according to specific situations, and the principle that the cell wall slenderness ratio t/l is less than 1/10 is followed. The concave angle alpha of the star-shaped structures is 55 degrees < alpha <75 degrees, and the included angle phi between the star-shaped structures is 0 degrees < phi <90 degrees. The length and thickness of the beam-like connection is not specified, depending on the specific application requirements. The width of the structure in the out-of-plane direction is fixed, and the specific numerical value is based on that the structure does not deform out-of-plane when bearing compressive load. In one embodiment of the invention, the corresponding geometric parameters are: l 20mm, t 1mm, l1 2mm, t1 1mm, α 60 °, and Φ 30 °. The geometric parameters can be flexibly changed for specific application and functional requirements.
In one embodiment, a composite negative poisson's ratio structure includes: the star-shaped structure comprises an inwards concave star-shaped structure 2, a beam-shaped connecting structure and a thin-wall circular structure 3 which form a certain angle with each other, wherein the star-shaped structure is directly connected through a beam-shaped structure 4, the thin-wall circular structure 3 is used as internal constraint and is coupled with four concave corner points 7 of the star-shaped structure, the star-shaped structure is formed by firstly arranging a star-shaped-circular basic composite structure along a y axis in a mirror image mode, then arranging the structure after mirror image along an x axis in a mirror image mode again to form a representative volume unit, and then periodically arraying the representative volume unit along the x axis and the y axis to form a two-dimensional periodic structure. It is worth noting that a 2 × 2 periodic structure is adopted in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, on one hand, the special properties of the structure can be accurately represented, and meanwhile, the calculation efficiency is improved, and technicians can properly change the periodic number of the structure according to the application occasion and the installation space of the actual structure, and the deformation characteristics of the structure are kept unchanged, so as to meet different requirements.
In one embodiment, fig. 1 shows a specific embodiment of the present invention, a square outer frame 1, as a dimensional constraint of the star structure, is represented in the figure in the form of a dotted line, and does not appear in actual manufacturing; under the size constraint of a square outer frame, an inwards concave star-shaped structure 2 has an inwards concave angle alpha which is 60 degrees, the cell wall length is 20mm, a thin-wall circular structure 3 with the thickness t which is 1mm is used as the internal constraint of the star-shaped structure and is in coupling connection with four corner points of the star-shaped structure 2 to form a hollow structure, and the size of the thin-wall circle is determined by the star shape; after a series of mirroring and array operations are performed among the structures consisting of the square outer frame 1, the concave star-shaped structure 2 and the thin-walled circular structure 3, a periodic structure is formed and is connected through the beam-shaped structure 4, wherein the length l1 of the beam-shaped structure 4 is 2mm, and the thickness t1 is 1 mm. This example uses a 2 × 2 periodic array for analysis. On one hand, the composite design keeps the rotation and negative Poisson ratio characteristics of the traditional rotary multi-deformation structure, and meanwhile, the deformation mode of the structure is changed through the coupling connection of the reentrant structure and the thin-wall circular structure 3, so that the overall mechanical property and the energy absorption capacity of the structure are further enhanced.
Due to the complexity of the structure, the structure provided by the invention is suggested to be integrally formed and prepared by adopting a 3D printing technology, so that the processing precision and integrity of the structure are ensured, the processing cost is reduced, and the processing efficiency is improved. It should be noted that the base material of the structure of the present invention may be metal such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel, titanium alloy, etc., or non-metal material such as nylon, resin, etc., and may be selected according to specific application and mechanical property requirements. In the analysis of this example, aluminum alloy was selected as the base material to study the deformation and mechanical response of the structure. In order to clearly show the special deformation mode and stress-strain response of the structure of the invention, the structure is subjected to compression simulation modeling by means of finite element analysis software ANSYS WORKBENCH LS-DYNA, the finite element simulation model of which is shown in FIG. 2, the structure is placed between a movable platen 5 and a fixed base 6, a fixed constant speed is applied to an upper disk, the structure is arranged to contact with the disk and the structure itself, and the deformation condition and the mechanical response of the structure under a compression load are simulated. The results of the deformation mode and the mechanical response are shown in fig. 3 and 4.
As shown in fig. 2, in the range of 0 ° < Φ <90 °, the structure maintains the characteristics of three-step deformation and three plateau stages, but the corresponding local strains at the beginning and the end of the plateau stage are changed; at 55 deg. < alpha <75 deg., the structure retains its original characteristics and the strain changes. For parameters l and t, the platform stress of the structure increases with decreasing l and increasing t, while the changes in parameters l1 and t1 have less impact on the overall mechanical performance and deformation characteristics of the structure. The influence rule of the geometric parameters on the structure has guiding significance for further optimization design of the structure, so that the appropriate structural geometric parameters can be selected according to actual engineering index requirements to meet different application requirements.
As can be seen from the figure, this embodiment firstly causes the star-shaped structures to generate rotational motion under longitudinal compressive load, and the whole generates obvious transverse contraction, and shows negative poisson ratio effect, which benefits from the beam-shaped connection between the star-shaped structures, and because the strength of the beam-shaped connection is much lower than that of the star-circle coupling structure, the star-circle structure generates opposite rotation around the beam-shaped connection, so that the beam-shaped structure 4 generates bending deformation, and the first platform stage is generated; then the structure is in self-contact to form a geometric structure 1, and a steep slope appears on a stress-strain curve at the moment; when the compression is continued, the horizontal nodes in the geometric structure 1 further generate opposite contraction motion, the horizontal equivalent pair motion is converted into the relative motion of the vertical nodes through the coupling connection of the thin-wall circles and the angular points, the relative rotation of the vertical cell walls in the star-shaped structure is driven until the cell walls rotate to the horizontal and self-contact occurs, and the geometric structure 2 is formed. When the compressive displacement continues to increase, the structure continues to deform, but unlike the first two steps, due to the separation of the partial beam-like structure 4, the whole body expands laterally, and unstable collapse occurs in the middle, so that the stress is reduced, and when partial cell walls are in contact, the stress begins to increase until all the cell walls are in full contact to achieve densification, and the stress is increased sharply. The above process is a deformation process of the present embodiment under the action of a compressive load, and obviously, the structure has two intermediate geometric structures, and compared with the random and unstable deformation modes of the existing structure, the intermediate geometric structure of the structure enables the structure to have a plurality of platform stresses, so that the overall compressive capacity of the structure is further improved, the deformation modes are stable and uniform, and the fluctuation of the stresses in the compression process can be reduced, so that the energy absorption efficiency of the structure is improved.
Through parameter analysis, the geometric parameters of the structure in the invention are found to have obvious influence on the overall performance, the influence rule is shown in figure 5, and the result can provide diversified parameter selection for the application of the structure in different requirements and different occasions, and has better adaptability. Through comparison research of specific energy absorption, the specific energy absorption of the embodiment of the invention has obvious three-stage characteristics compared with other structures in the prior art, and the characteristics correspond to three platform stress stages, so that the whole structure is higher than other structures in the energy absorption manner, and more energy can be absorbed favorably, as shown in fig. 6, the specific energy absorption of the invention is higher than that of other structures in the prior art. In addition, general design rules are made for the geometric form of the thin-wall circular structure 3, as shown in fig. 7, namely on the basis of a thin-wall circle, isochord division points are introduced and then are sequentially connected into a closed polygon, and only four concave corner points 7 of the star-shaped structure are required to be ensured to be coupled and connected with corner points of the polygon. For example, in a three-step deformation and three-step segment negative poisson ratio structure based on a circular arc equal chord division strategy, a thin-wall circle performs equal chord division on a circular arc under the condition of ensuring that four corner points are in common contact, namely, a plurality of equal division points are inserted into each segment of the arc and then are connected in sequence to form a closed polygon. Different division points can be selected in practical engineering application to obtain structures with different relative densities, different specific energy absorption requirements are met, and the method has high flexibility and wide adaptability.
Finally, it should be noted that: the embodiments described are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments in the present application belong to the protection scope of the present application.
While certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described above by way of illustration only, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering and absorbing energy is characterized by comprising,
the concave star-shaped structure is a hollow-out structure with a plurality of concave angular points, a thin-wall round structure serving as internal constraint is arranged in the hollow-out structure, the thin-wall round structure is coupled and connected with the concave angular points, the concave star-shaped structure forms a two-dimensional composite negative Poisson's ratio structure through a geometric mirror image and a periodic array, and the concave star-shaped structures are connected through a beam-shaped structure.
2. The composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption according to claim 1, wherein preferably, the beam-like structure is a thin-walled beam.
3. The composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for energy absorption of claim 1, wherein the beam-like structure has a strength less than the concave star-like structure.
4. The composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for absorbing energy of claim 1, wherein the thin-walled circular structure is coupled with all of the reentrant angular points.
5. The composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for energy absorption of claim 1, wherein the composite negative Poisson's ratio structure exhibits three stress plateaus and three deformation steps under compressive load.
6. The composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for absorbing energy of claim 1, wherein the concave star structure is a centrosymmetric structure.
7. The composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption according to claim 6, wherein the lengths l of the cell walls of the hollowed-out structures are all equal, and the thickness t of the cell walls follows a cell wall slenderness ratio t/l < 1/10.
8. The composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for energy absorption of claim 1, wherein the concave angle α is 55 ° < α <75 °, and the included angle between the concave star structures is 0 ° < φ <90 °.
9. The composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption according to claim 1, wherein the concave star structure is a hollow structure with four concave corner points and is centrosymmetric, the concave star structure is firstly arranged along a y-axis in a mirror image manner, then the mirrored structure is arranged along an x-axis in a mirror image manner again to form a representative volume unit, and then the representative volume units are periodically arrayed along the x-axis and the y-axis to form a two-dimensional periodic structure.
10. The composite negative Poisson's ratio structure for buffering energy absorption according to claim 9, wherein the material of the concave star-shaped structure can be aluminum alloy, stainless steel, titanium alloy, nylon or resin.
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