CN114263697B - Recoverable multi-step deformation buffering energy-absorbing metamaterial structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metamaterials, and provides a recoverable multistep deformation buffering energy-absorbing metamaterial structure which is formed by periodically arranging a plurality of unit cells, wherein each unit cell consists of a cross curved beam, an elastic ring, a cuboid frame and a rod; the crossed curved beams are composed of two curved beams, and two groups of crossed curved beams are respectively arranged in two opposite surfaces of the frame and have opposite bending directions; the end part of the crossed curved beam is fixedly connected with the cuboid frame. The upper end surface and the lower end surface of the elastic ring are respectively connected with the middle parts of the upper crossed curved beam and the lower crossed curved beam through rods, and the middle parts of the crossed curved beams of different unit cells are connected through the rods; the surfaces of the rectangular frames, on which the crossed curved beams are not mounted, are connected in a manner of sharing the frame. The invention uses the crossed curved beam with buckling step property and the elastic ring with geometric large deformation characteristic, and designs the single-cell structure through the combination of the two, thereby successfully constructing the single-cell and multi-cell metamaterial which has the characteristic of multi-step deformation recovery and can be used for buffering energy absorption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metamaterials, in particular to a recoverable multi-step deformation buffering energy-absorbing metamaterial structure.
Background
"metamaterial" refers to a man-made material having special properties by artificially designing a microstructure, which can exhibit extraordinary physical properties that are not possessed by a constituent material. The metamaterial is widely applied to the field of buffering and energy absorption, and mainly comprises two main categories of non-recoverable metamaterial and recoverable metamaterial. The non-recoverable metamaterial mainly utilizes the plastic deformation of materials to absorb energy, and is characterized by high specific energy and non-reusable defect. The recoverable metamaterial mainly utilizes the elastic deformation of the material to absorb energy, can be reused and has low maintenance cost, so the recoverable metamaterial receives wide attention, but the recoverable metamaterial has the typical defect of smaller absorbed energy, and the recoverable metamaterial also becomes a bottleneck for the development of the recoverable metamaterial.
The existing recoverable buffering and energy-absorbing metamaterial, such as the recoverable six-direction buffering and energy-absorbing metamaterial and the design method thereof described in patent CN2020113864568, has reusable buffering and energy-absorbing capacity in six directions, but the metamaterial only has an acting force threshold value in one direction, and has a good buffering and energy-absorbing effect only on loads with strength less than the level. The invention discloses a multi-stage safe anti-collision beam assembly based on a multi-stable-state unit cell structure, which is disclosed in patent CN201710065664X, and the structure is endowed with good buffering and energy absorption capacity through the periodic arrangement of a plurality of unit cells, but the unit cells filled in the assembly only have an acting force threshold value and cannot cope with loads of various stages.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and the current research situation in the prior art, the invention provides a recoverable multi-step deformation buffering energy-absorbing metamaterial structure.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a recoverable multi-step deformation buffering energy-absorbing metamaterial structure is mainly formed by periodically arranging N identical unit cells; the unit cell comprises a crossed curved beam 1, an elastic ring 2, a cuboid frame 3 and a rod 4; the rectangular frame 3 provides an installation space for the crossed curved beam, the crossed curved beam 1 is formed by crossing two curved beams 1-1, the end parts of the curved beams 1-1 are respectively and fixedly connected to two opposite surfaces of the rectangular frame 3, and the bending directions of the crossed curved beams 1 arranged in the two opposite surfaces are opposite; the elastic ring 2 is vertically crossed and integrally formed by two oval annular structures and is arranged at the center of the interior of the rectangular frame 3; the two crossed surfaces of the elastic ring 2 are respectively connected with the crossed parts of the crossed curved beams 1 in the opposite surfaces of the rectangular frame 3 through rods 4; the crossing parts of the crossing curved beams 1 of the adjacent unit cells in different layers are connected through a rod 4; adjacent unit cells on the same layer are connected into a shared frame through the end face of the rectangular frame 3 without the crossed curved beam 1, and a plurality of unit cells are connected to form the multi-cell metamaterial.
The crossed curved beam 1 has the characteristic of buckling step, and the rigidity change of the crossed curved beam 1 is divided into three stages, namely a positive rigidity stage, a negative rigidity stage and a positive rigidity stage.
The elastic ring 2 is a positive stiffness structure and has the property of large geometric deformation, and when the constituent materials of the structure are in a linear elastic stage, the stiffness of the elastic ring 2 changes to be linear.
The crossed curved beams 1 in two opposite surfaces of the cuboid frame 3 are respectively and rigidly superposed with the elastic rings 2 in the deformation process, and the crossed curved beams are connected with the elastic rings in parallel.
The negative stiffness of the crossed curved beam 1 and the positive stiffness of the elastic ring 2 are superposed to form a quasi-zero stiffness combination, and a gentle area in a force-displacement curve is formed.
The invention has the characteristic of multi-step deformation, and the force-displacement curve has two force gentle areas, so that the energy can be stably absorbed on the premise of not increasing acting force. The transmission path of the force in the unit cell is a rod 4, a cross curved beam 1 on one side, a rod 4, an elastic ring 2, a rod 4, a cross curved beam 1 on the other side, a rod 4 and another unit cell, the force acts on the unit cell to cause the deformation of the two groups of cross curved beams 1 and the elastic ring 2, the elastic deformation of the structure is utilized to absorb the energy, and after the absorbed energy is dissipated, the unit cell returns to the initial configuration, so that the repeated use is facilitated. The key of the structural performance design of the multi-cell metamaterial is the performance design of a single cell, the mechanical performance of the single cell determines the mechanical performance of the structure of the multi-cell metamaterial, the single cell has a buffering and energy-absorbing function capable of recovering multi-step deformation, and the multi-cell metamaterial structure formed by periodically arranging the single cell also has the buffering and energy-absorbing capability capable of recovering multi-step deformation.
The compiling of the mechanical properties of the metamaterial is realized by compiling the geometric parameters of the crossed curved beam 1 and the elastic ring 2 in the unit cell, the application range is wide, and the metamaterial is easy to popularize and use on a large scale.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the buffer energy absorption device can realize buffer energy absorption capable of recovering multi-step deformation based on the metamaterial structure, is simple in structure and easy to process, directly utilizes the additive manufacturing technology to process, related steps are mainly completed by a machine, and mass production is realized.
2. The invention breaks through the limitation of the traditional buffering energy absorption design, uses the crossed curved beam with buckling step property and the elastic ring with the characteristic of large geometric deformation, and designs the single-cell structure through the combination of the two to construct the single-cell and multi-cell metamaterial with the characteristic of multi-step deformation recovery and capable of being used for buffering energy absorption.
3. The cross curved beam has a negative stiffness section, the elastic ring is a positive stiffness structure with the characteristic of large geometric deformation, and the two parts are connected in parallel, so that the stiffness of the cross curved beam and the stiffness of the elastic ring can be superposed to form a quasi-zero stiffness combination, and the quasi-zero stiffness structure can stably absorb energy on the premise of not increasing acting force.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a multi-cell metamaterial structure in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an axial view of a multi-cell metamaterial structure in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a rectangular parallelepiped frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a cross curved beam of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an elastic ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a force-displacement diagram of a unit cell under a static load according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a force-displacement graph of a 3 × 3 × 3 metamaterial structure under static load in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1 cross curved beam, 1-1 curved beam, 1-2 end faces, 2 elastic rings, 3 cuboid frames and 4 rods.
Detailed Description
While the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, it is to be understood that appropriate design changes, modifications, and the like can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The utility model provides a can reply multistep deformation buffering energy-absorbing metamaterial structure, the metamaterial structure includes that N identical unit cell cycle is arranged and forms, the unit cell mainly constitute by alternately bent beam 1, elastic ring 2, cuboid frame 3 and pole 4, cuboid frame 3 provides installation space for alternately bent beam 1, alternately bent beam 1 comprises two bent beams 1-1 alternately, alternately bent beam 1 installs in two relative planes of cuboid frame 3, alternately bent beam 1's tip and cuboid frame 3 fixed connection, the crooked direction of alternately bent beam 1 that arranges in the relative plane of cuboid frame 3 is opposite. The elastic ring 2 is vertically crossed and integrally formed by two oval annular structures and is arranged at the center of the interior of the rectangular frame 3; two crossed surfaces of the elastic ring 2 are respectively connected with the crossed parts of the crossed curved beams 1 in the opposite surfaces of the rectangular frame 3 through rods 4; the crossing parts of the crossing curved beams 1 of the adjacent unit cells in different layers are connected through a rod 4; adjacent unit cells on the same layer are connected into a common frame through the end faces of the rectangular frames 3 without the crossed curved beams 1, and a plurality of unit cells are connected to form the multi-cell metamaterial.
The cross curved beam 1 is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the elastic ring 2, the other cross curved beam 1 is fixedly connected with the lower end face of the elastic ring 2, the cross curved beam 1 and the elastic ring 2 are connected in parallel, and the rigidity of the cross curved beam 1 and the rigidity of the elastic ring 2 are overlapped. The crossed curved beam 1 and the curved beam 1-1 of the structure formed by the crossed curved beam have the characteristic of buckling step, and the rigidity change of the curved beam 1-1 and the crossed curved beam 1 is divided into three stages, namely a positive rigidity section, a negative rigidity section and a positive rigidity section. The elastic ring 2 is a positive stiffness structure, has the property of geometrically large deformation, and the stiffness change of the elastic ring 2 is linear when the constituent materials of the structure are in a linear elastic stage.
The ends of the curved beams 1-1 are respectively fixed at the diagonal points of the opposite surfaces of the rectangular frame 3.
Fig. 2 and 3 are a front view and an axial view, respectively, of a 3 × 3 × 3 metamaterial structure in this embodiment; the unit cells in the vertical direction are connected with the crossed curved beams 1 of different unit cells through the rods 4, the unit cells in the horizontal direction are connected in a mode of sharing a frame, and the unit cells are periodically arranged to form a 3 multiplied by 3 metamaterial structure.
The cuboid frame 3 is formed by connecting 12 straight beams end to end in sequence.
The cross curved beam 1 is formed by crossing two curved beams 1-1, and when a load is applied to the end face 1-2 of the cross curved beam 1, the cross curved beam undergoes three rigidity changes: the energy absorption device has positive rigidity, negative rigidity and positive rigidity, and can stably absorb energy on the premise of not increasing peak acting force due to the structure with the rigidity change.
The elastic ring 2 is formed by vertically crossing two oval annular structures in an integrated manner, the elastic ring 2 has the characteristic of large geometric deformation, and when the structural material is in a linear elastic stage, the rigidity of the structural material is positive and linearly changed.
FIG. 7 is a force-displacement graph under load for a unit cell according to an embodiment of the invention, the force-displacement graph showing two plateaus in which the structure is stable absorbing energy with a nearly constant force.
Fig. 8 is a force-displacement curve of a 3 x 3 metamaterial structure under static load showing two plateaus in which the structure stably absorbs energy with a nearly constant force in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
The above description is only illustrative of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications, additions or substitutions to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. A recoverable multi-step deformation buffering energy-absorbing metamaterial structure is characterized in that the metamaterial structure is mainly formed by periodically arranging N identical unit cells; the unit cell comprises a crossed curved beam (1), an elastic ring (2), a rectangular frame (3) and a rod (4); the crossed curved beam (1) is formed by crossing two curved beams (1-1), the end parts of the curved beams (1-1) are respectively and fixedly connected to two opposite surfaces of the rectangular frame (3), and the bending directions of the crossed curved beams (1) arranged in the two opposite surfaces are opposite; the elastic ring (2) is formed by vertically crossing and integrating two oval annular structures and is arranged at the center of the interior of the rectangular frame (3); the two crossed surfaces of the elastic ring (2) are respectively connected with the crossed parts of the crossed curved beams (1) in the opposite surfaces of the cuboid frame (3) through rods (4); the crossing parts of the crossing curved beams (1) of the adjacent unit cells at different layers are connected through a rod (4), and the connection forms of the crossing curved beams (1) and the elastic rings (2) are in parallel connection; adjacent unit cells on the same layer are connected into a shared frame through the end face of the rectangular frame (3) without the crossed curved beam (1), and a plurality of unit cells are connected to form the multi-cell metamaterial.
2. The recoverable multi-step deformation buffering energy-absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 1, wherein the cross curved beam (1) has a buckling step property, and the rigidity change of the cross curved beam (1) is divided into three stages, namely a positive rigidity stage, a negative rigidity stage and a positive rigidity stage.
3. A recoverable, multi-step deformable, cushioning and energy-absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the elastic ring (2) is a positive stiffness structure, and the stiffness of the elastic ring (2) changes linearly when the constituent materials of the structure are in the linear elastic phase.
4. A recoverable multi-step deformation buffering energy absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the crossed curved beams (1) in two opposite faces of the rectangular parallelepiped frame (3) are respectively superposed with the stiffness of the elastic ring (2) during the deformation process.
5. A recoverable multi-step deformable cushioning energy-absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 3, wherein the crossed curved beams (1) in two opposite faces of the rectangular parallelepiped frame (3) are respectively superimposed in rigidity with the elastic ring (2) during deformation.
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