CN114257113A - Active clamping type high-frequency link inverter - Google Patents

Active clamping type high-frequency link inverter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114257113A
CN114257113A CN202111349022.5A CN202111349022A CN114257113A CN 114257113 A CN114257113 A CN 114257113A CN 202111349022 A CN202111349022 A CN 202111349022A CN 114257113 A CN114257113 A CN 114257113A
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bridge
circuit
active
active clamping
clamping
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CN114257113B (en
Inventor
徐千鸣
张家奎
郭鹏
陈燕东
何志兴
胡家瑜
莫楠
王雁
罗安
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Hunan University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/538Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a push-pull configuration
    • H02M7/53803Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a push-pull configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current

Abstract

The invention discloses an active clamping type high-frequency link inverter which comprises a primary side conversion circuit, a high-frequency transformer, an active clamping circuit, a secondary side conversion circuit and a low-pass filter. The primary side conversion circuit is a DC/AC inverter circuit; the active clamping circuit comprises an active clamping bridge and a clamping capacitor, and can nondestructively absorb leakage inductance energy of the high-frequency transformer and feed the leakage inductance energy back to the input end; the secondary side conversion circuit is a hybrid AC conversion circuit and consists of a DC/AC half bridge and an AC/AC half bridge, and the two half bridges form a full bridge to output alternating current. The invention realizes single-stage high-frequency isolation inversion from input to output without an intermediate direct current bus. Under the same working condition, the voltage resistance and the output of the device are the same as those of a full-bridge inverter. The problem of leakage inductance voltage peak of the high-frequency transformer is solved through lossless active clamping. The inverter has the characteristics of high isolation, small volume, simple control, good stability, high efficiency and the like.

Description

Active clamping type high-frequency link inverter
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power electronic inversion technology, in particular to an active clamping type high-frequency link inverter.
Background
With the rapid development of power electronic technology, inverters are widely applied to the fields of production, traffic, aerospace, new energy power generation and the like. Traditional contravariant technique belongs to low frequency chain contravariant technique, because the existence of low frequency transformer leads to bulky, heavy, the big scheduling problem of noise, and the high frequency transformer that high frequency chain contravariant technique adopted, therefore possesses characteristics such as less volume, lighter weight and higher efficiency, receives attention gradually.
The high-frequency chain inversion technology is divided into two types, one type is composed of isolated DCDC and DCAC inversion two-stage transformation and is provided with an intermediate direct current bus; the other single-stage inversion is composed of an inverter, a high-frequency transformer and a cycle converter, and has no intermediate direct-current bus. The first high-frequency chain inversion technology has low practical application efficiency and large volume due to the middle direct-current bus, while the second high-frequency chain inversion technology has smaller volume and higher efficiency due to the absence of the middle direct-current bus, but has extremely limited application due to the problems of safe current conversion of the secondary side cycle converter, leakage inductance voltage spike of the high-frequency transformer and the like. With the development of the related field, the requirements for high efficiency, high power density, high reliability and the like are higher and higher. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the above problems of the second high frequency chain inversion technique and to make the technique suitable for popularization and application.
The invention patent application CN108566097A provides a high-frequency chain unipolar inverter circuit, the secondary side of a transformer in the scheme is of a current-doubling output structure, the output voltage is half of the withstand voltage of a device, the output voltage is small, and the efficiency is low; on a low-pass filter, the scheme needs two filter inductors, resulting in large volume; on the active clamp circuit, the active clamp structure of the scheme is a three-terminal structure, the clamp capacitor is responsible for absorbing leakage inductance peak and outputting follow current of the filter inductor, the requirement on the capacity of the clamp capacitor is large, and therefore the cost is high, the size is large, and the popularization and the application are difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an active clamping type high-frequency link inverter, which can improve the output voltage and reduce the clamping capacitance capacity.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an active clamping type high-frequency link inverter comprises a primary side conversion circuit, a high-frequency transformer and an active clamping circuit which are connected in sequence; the active clamping circuit is connected with the low-pass filter through a secondary side conversion circuit;
the active clamping circuit comprises an active clamping bridge and a clamping capacitor, and the output side of the active clamping bridge is connected with the clamping capacitor in parallel; the active clamping bridge is in a full-bridge structure, and the middle points of two parallel bridge arms in the full-bridge structure are connected to the output end of the high-frequency transformer; the upper bridges of the two bridge arms are connected with the positive output end, and the lower bridges of the two bridge arms are connected with the negative output end.
The secondary side of the transformer is of a full-bridge output structure, the output voltage is withstand voltage of devices, namely under the condition of the same secondary side winding voltage, the output voltage of the transformer is more than twice of the output voltage of the prior art, the output voltage is greatly improved, and therefore the inversion efficiency is improved; the active clamping circuit is of a four-terminal structure, the clamping capacitor is only responsible for absorbing the leakage inductance voltage peak, the capacity requirement of the clamping capacitor in the active clamping circuit is low, the size of the inverter is reduced, and the cost of the inverter is reduced.
Theoretically, the peak of the leakage inductance voltage is two times of the output voltage at most, the leakage inductance voltage peak is absorbed in a lossless mode, the voltage of the device is withstand in the mode selection, and design allowance does not need to be reserved for the voltage peak, so that the withstand voltage required by the device is obviously reduced compared with the prior art under the same high-voltage output requirement, and the device cost is obviously reduced. Correspondingly, the current capacity of the low voltage-resistant device is stronger than that of the high voltage-resistant device, so that the low voltage-resistant device can simultaneously realize high-voltage and high-current output, and the capacity of the device is improved. Compared with the invention patent application CN108566097A, under the same output voltage requirement, the capacity of the clamp capacitor required by the invention is smaller, and the withstand voltage of the required device is reduced by half, so the volume and the cost are greatly reduced; the low-voltage-resistant device used in the invention has stronger current capacity, so that the output capacity is higher; the invention also provides the option of different active clamping bridge structures, the efficiency is high when the diode is not used, the cost is low when the diode is used, and the applicability of the device in different application occasions is improved.
The active clamping bridge comprises four switching tubes, and every two switching tubes are connected in series to form a bridge arm.
The active clamping bridge comprises three switching tubes, wherein two switching tubes are connected in series to form a first bridge arm, and the other switching tube is connected in series with a diode to form a second bridge arm.
The active clamping bridge comprises two switching tubes, and the two switching tubes are respectively connected with a diode in series to form a bridge arm.
The active clamping bridge comprises a switching tube and three diodes, the switching tube is connected with one diode in series to form a first bridge arm, and the other two diodes are connected in series to form a second bridge arm.
The active clamping bridge has four optional structures, and can absorb leakage voltage spikes and feed the leakage voltage spikes back to the input end. Under the same working condition, the diode loss is higher than the loss of the switching device, but the cost is lower than that of the switching device. Therefore, the appropriate active clamp bridge structure can be selected in a balanced manner according to the requirements of efficiency and cost in different application occasions.
The secondary side conversion circuit comprises a DC/AC half bridge and an AC/AC half bridge; two ends of the DC/AC half-bridge are respectively connected with the positive output end and the negative output end of the active clamping bridge; the middle point of the AC/AC half bridge is connected with the low-pass filter, and two ends of the AC/AC half bridge are connected with the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer.
The AC/AC half-bridge comprises two bidirectional switches connected in series; the bidirectional switch is formed by connecting two switch tubes in series in the reverse direction.
The secondary side conversion circuit is a hybrid AC conversion circuit, realizes the same voltage level output as a conventional ACAC full bridge, but uses fewer switching tubes, and has lower cost and smaller volume.
The primary side conversion circuit is an inverter circuit.
The inverter circuit is one of a full bridge circuit, a half bridge circuit and a push-pull circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the inverter can realize single-stage high-frequency isolation inversion from input to output without an intermediate direct-current bus. Under the same working condition, the voltage resistance and the output of the device are the same as those of a full-bridge inverter. The energy of the leakage voltage peak is absorbed through active clamping and fed back to the input end, so that lossless absorption is realized, and the problem of the leakage inductance voltage peak of the high-frequency transformer is solved. Compared with the prior art, the active clamping type high-frequency chain inverter has the advantages of being higher in voltage output range and safety allowance, meanwhile, having the characteristics of being high in isolation, small in size, simple to control, good in stability and high in efficiency, and being capable of being popularized and applied to high-voltage and high-power occasions.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topology structural diagram of an active clamp type high frequency link inverter in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a full bridge inverter circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a half-bridge inverter circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a four-way bridge circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a three-way bridge circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a two-bridge circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a single thyristor bridge circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a secondary side conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an active clamp type high frequency link inverter circuit for simulation in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 illustrates modulation methods and switch driving signals used in simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a partial enlarged view of the modulation method and switch driving signals used in the simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is the simulation result without using the active clamp function in the simulation according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 shows the simulation result of the embodiment of the present invention in which the active clamp function is used;
figure 14 is a simulation result obtained by simulating the inventive patent application CN 108566097A;
in fig. 1:
p1: a primary side conversion circuit; p2: a high-frequency transformer; p3: an active clamp circuit; p4: a secondary side conversion circuit; p5: a low pass filter.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the active clamp type high frequency chain inverter provided by the present invention includes a primary side conversion circuit, a high frequency transformer, an active clamp circuit, a secondary side conversion circuit, and a low pass filter. The primary side conversion circuit is an inverter circuit and comprises a full bridge circuit, a half bridge circuit, a push-pull circuit and the like, the input of the primary side conversion circuit is connected with a direct current power supply, and the output of the primary side conversion circuit is connected with the input end of a high-frequency transformer.
FIG. 2 shows a full bridge inverter circuit; fig. 3 shows a half-bridge inverter circuit.
The active clamping circuit comprises an active clamping bridge and a clamping capacitor, and the output side of the active clamping bridge is connected with the clamping capacitor in parallel. The active clamp bridge is a full-bridge structure and comprises four tubes: upper left pipe, lower left pipe, upper right pipe, lower right pipe. The upper left tube and the lower left tube form a left half-bridge, the upper right tube and the lower right tube form a right half-bridge, and the midpoint of the left half-bridge and the midpoint of the right half-bridge are connected to the output end of the high-frequency transformer. The upper left pipe and the upper right pipe form an upper bridge, the lower left pipe and the lower right pipe form a lower bridge, the upper bridge is connected to the positive output end, and the lower bridge is connected to the negative output end.
The active clamp bridge comprises four structures: four controllable pipe bridges, three controllable pipe bridges, two controllable pipe bridges and a single controllable pipe bridge. As shown in fig. 4, the four-controllable-tube bridge circuit is a four-controllable-tube bridge circuit, wherein all four tubes in the four-controllable-tube bridge are switching tubes; as shown in fig. 5, the circuit is a three-controllable-transistor bridge circuit, in which three transistors are switching transistors and one transistor is a diode; as shown in fig. 6, the circuit is a two-controllable bridge circuit, in which two transistors in the two controllable bridge are switching transistors and two transistors are diodes; as shown in fig. 7, the single controllable transistor bridge circuit is a single controllable transistor bridge circuit, in which one transistor is a switching transistor and three transistors are diodes. In the three controllable pipe bridges, the two controllable pipe bridges and the single controllable pipe bridge, the position of the diode is arbitrary.
As shown in fig. 8, the secondary side converting circuit is a hybrid AC converting circuit, and includes a DC/AC half bridge and an AC/AC half bridge, where the two half bridges form a full bridge to output AC power. The DC/AC half-bridge comprises two tubes, the upper tube being connected to the positive output of the active clamp bridge, the lower tube being connected to the negative output, and the DC/AC half-bridge midpoint being connected to the low pass filter. The AC/AC half-bridge comprises two bidirectional switches, an upper bidirectional switch and a lower bidirectional switch are connected to the output end of the high-frequency transformer, and the midpoint of the AC/AC half-bridge is connected to the low-pass filter. The bidirectional switch is composed of two switch tubes which are reversely connected in series.
Fig. 9 shows an active clamp type high frequency chain inverter circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the primary side conversion circuit is a full bridge inverter circuit, and the active clamp circuit is a four-controllable full bridge and a clamp capacitor. A simulation model of the active clamp type high-frequency chain inverter circuit is built on a PLECS simulation platform, the adopted modulation strategy is shown in fig. 10, fig. 11 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 10, and simulation parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 simulation parameters
Figure BDA0003355040410000041
Figure BDA0003355040410000051
As can be seen from fig. 10 and 11, the primary side conversion circuit outputs a high frequency square wave (u)cd) And is synchronous with the carrier wave, so the high-frequency transformer has no magnetic bias and is beneficial to the design of the transformer. At the same time, in one switching period, the secondary side converting circuit outputs (u)xy) Correspondingly outputting two modulation pulses, which shows that the lowest harmonic of the output SPWM wave is twice the switching frequency, and is beneficial to the design of a low-pass filter.
As shown in fig. 12 and 13, the simulation results are the simulation results of the active clamp function not used and the active clamp function used, and respectively show the clamp capacitor voltage waveform and its locally amplified waveform, the secondary side converter output voltage waveform and its locally amplified waveform, the load voltage waveform, and the device withstand voltage waveform. When the active clamping function is not used, voltage spikes occur due to the existence of leakage inductance of the high-frequency transformer, and as can be seen from the output voltage waveform of the secondary side conversion circuit and the partially amplified waveform thereof in fig. 12, the voltage at the spikes is up to twice the value of the secondary side voltage of the transformer. As can be seen from the device breakdown voltage waveform in fig. 12, the device breakdown voltage is a peak voltage, which seriously threatens the safety of the switching device and reduces its available capacity.
When the active clamping function is used, as can be seen from the clamp capacitor voltage waveform and its locally amplified waveform in fig. 13, the average value of the clamp capacitor voltage is the secondary side voltage of the transformer, and the voltage fluctuates up and down due to absorption of peak energy and feedback energy to the input end, and the fluctuation amplitude is about 8V. As can be seen from the output voltage waveform and the local amplified waveform of the secondary side conversion circuit in fig. 13, the leakage inductance energy of the high-frequency transformer is absorbed by the active clamp without loss, and the voltage spike is eliminated. As can be seen from the device withstand voltage waveform in fig. 13, the device withstand voltage is the secondary side voltage of the transformer, which is beneficial to improving the safety of the switching device and improving the available capacity of the switching device. As can be seen from the load voltage waveforms in fig. 12 and 13, the load voltage peak is 640V, which is the same as the theoretical full-bridge output voltage (400V × 2 × 0.8 — 640V).
Compared with the invention patent application CN108566097A, the simulation results obtained by using the same parameters as those in table 1 are shown in fig. 14, which respectively show the clamp capacitor voltage waveform and its local amplified waveform, the secondary side conversion circuit output voltage local amplified waveform, the load voltage waveform, and the device withstand voltage waveform. First, as can be seen from the clamp capacitor voltage waveform and its locally amplified waveform in fig. 14, the average value of the clamp capacitor voltage in the solution of the invention patent application CN108566097A is the secondary side voltage of the transformer, and the voltage fluctuates up and down due to the absorption of peak energy, filter inductance energy and feedback energy to the input end, the fluctuation amplitude is about 80V, which is 10 times of the fluctuation amplitude of the clamp capacitor voltage of the invention, and if the fluctuation amplitude is to be reduced, only the capacitor capacitance is increased, which will result in the increase of cost and volume. As can be seen from the partial amplified waveform of the output voltage of the secondary side conversion circuit in fig. 14, in the solution of the invention patent application CN108566097A, there is no voltage spike, and the high level voltage value is the secondary side voltage value of the transformer. As can be seen from the load voltage waveform in fig. 14, the peak voltage of the load voltage in the solution of the invention patent application CN108566097A is 320V, which is half of the peak voltage of the load voltage in the invention. As can be seen from the device withstand voltage in fig. 14, the device withstand voltage in the solution of the invention patent application CN108566097A is the secondary side voltage of the transformer.
As can be seen from comparison between fig. 13 and fig. 14, when the same device has the same withstand voltage under the same parameters, the clamp capacitor of the present invention has the advantages of smaller requirement, low cost and small volume; the output load voltage is twice of the inventive patent application CN108566097A solution, so the output capacity of the present invention is also twice of the inventive patent application CN108566097A solution. When the output voltage is the same, the voltage resistance of the invention is half of the scheme of the invention patent application CN108566097A, therefore, the invention can select a device with lower voltage resistance and has low cost; meanwhile, the device with low voltage resistance generally has stronger current capacity, so the output capacity of the invention is also higher than that of the invention patent application CN 108566097A.

Claims (9)

1. An active clamping type high-frequency link inverter comprises a primary side conversion circuit, a high-frequency transformer and an active clamping circuit which are connected in sequence; the active clamping circuit is connected with the low-pass filter through a secondary side conversion circuit;
the active clamping circuit comprises an active clamping bridge and a clamping capacitor, and the output side of the active clamping bridge is connected with the clamping capacitor in parallel; the active clamping bridge is in a full-bridge structure, and the middle points of two parallel bridge arms in the full-bridge structure are connected to the output end of the high-frequency transformer; the upper bridges of the two bridge arms are connected with the positive output end, and the lower bridges of the two bridge arms are connected with the negative output end.
2. The active clamp type high frequency chain inverter according to claim 1, wherein the active clamp bridge comprises four switching tubes, and each two switching tubes are connected in series to form a bridge arm.
3. The active clamp type high-frequency chain inverter according to claim 1, wherein the active clamp bridge comprises three switching tubes, two of the switching tubes are connected in series to form a first bridge arm, and the other switching tube is connected in series with a diode to form a second bridge arm.
4. The active clamp high frequency chain inverter according to claim 1, wherein the active clamp bridge comprises two switching tubes, each of which is connected in series with a diode to form a bridge arm.
5. The active clamp type high frequency chain inverter according to claim 1, wherein the active clamp bridge comprises a switching tube and three diodes, the switching tube is connected in series with one of the diodes to form a first bridge arm, and the other two diodes are connected in series to form a second bridge arm.
6. The active clamp high frequency chain inverter of claim 1, wherein the secondary side switching circuit comprises a DC/AC half bridge and an AC/AC half bridge; the middle point of the DC/AC half bridge is connected with the low-pass filter, and two ends of the DC/AC half bridge are respectively connected with the positive output end and the negative output end of the active clamping bridge; the middle point of the AC/AC half bridge is connected with the low-pass filter, and two ends of the AC/AC half bridge are connected with the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer.
7. The active clamp high frequency chain inverter according to claim 6, characterized in that the AC/AC half bridge comprises two bidirectional switches in series; the bidirectional switch is formed by connecting two switch tubes in series in the reverse direction.
8. The active clamp type high frequency chain inverter according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
the primary side conversion circuit is an inverter circuit.
9. The active clamp high frequency chain inverter according to claim 8, wherein the inverter circuit is one of a full bridge circuit, a half bridge circuit, and a push-pull circuit.
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KR20050091437A (en) * 2004-03-12 2005-09-15 경상대학교산학협력단 High frequency link current-fed inverter with active input filter
EP2144359A2 (en) * 2008-07-09 2010-01-13 SMA Solar Technology AG DC/DC-converter
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