CN113983096B - Bending leading type compression spring type lattice structure - Google Patents
Bending leading type compression spring type lattice structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN113983096B CN113983096B CN202111100844.XA CN202111100844A CN113983096B CN 113983096 B CN113983096 B CN 113983096B CN 202111100844 A CN202111100844 A CN 202111100844A CN 113983096 B CN113983096 B CN 113983096B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bending leading type compression spring type lattice structure. The device comprises a plurality of dot matrix cells, wherein each dot matrix cell is of a centrosymmetric structure and comprises an upper circular ring, a lower circular ring, an arc-shaped supporting rod and a spiral connecting rod; the upper end of each arc-shaped supporting rod is connected with the upper ring, the lower end of each arc-shaped supporting rod is connected with the lower ring, and a plurality of arc-shaped supporting rods are uniformly arranged between the upper ring and the lower ring; the starting point and the terminal point of the spiral connecting rod are the intersection points of a certain arc-shaped supporting rod and the upper circular ring and the lower circular ring, the spiral direction of the spiral connecting rod is anticlockwise, the spiral connecting rod takes the arc-shaped supporting rod as the outline, the whole body is in a middle concave shape, and the spiral connecting rod is uniformly distributed between the upper circular ring and the lower circular ring. When receiving load, the arc bracing piece plays the bearing effect, and the heliciform connecting rod plays and supports and cushioning effect, and the load is fully absorbed and is born, and stress distribution compares traditional cell structure bearing performance better, has more excellent mechanical properties, has more the advantage on modulus, intensity and energy absorption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of material structures, and particularly relates to a bending leading type compression spring type lattice structure.
Background
The application of the porous structure is the most obvious engineering scheme for reducing weight effect at present, and simultaneously, the mechanical properties such as strength and the like can be improved, so that the porous structure has great advantages when being applied to the aerospace industry, and according to measurement and calculation, if the porous structure is used for the airplane, the weight of the airplane is reduced to half of the original weight under the condition of the same properties. The other important mechanical property of the porous structure is that the impact toughness is improved, and the porous structure can effectively reduce the injury of traffic accidents to passengers when being applied to the field of automobiles.
The lattice structure belongs to one of porous materials and structures, also called as lattice structure, which usually presents porous, periodic and array distribution, and has high-quality mechanical characteristics such as light weight, high specific strength, small density and the like, and physical characteristics such as heat insulation, energy absorption, noise reduction and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite lattice structure with periodically arranged ground, which is a periodic composite structure with better compression performance and cushioning and energy-absorbing characteristics by simulating shin bones and combining the cushioning characteristics of a spiral structure, and solves the problem that the existing lattice structure is difficult to simultaneously consider the strength and the cushioning and energy-absorbing characteristics.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a bending leading type compression spring type lattice structure comprises a plurality of lattice cells, wherein the lattice cells are arranged in a space Cartesian rectangular coordinate system array, adjacent lattice cells are connected with one another, and each lattice cell is of a centrosymmetric structure and comprises an upper circular ring, a lower circular ring, an arc-shaped supporting rod and a spiral connecting rod;
the bulges of each arc-shaped supporting rod are arranged inwards, the upper end of each arc-shaped supporting rod is connected with the upper circular ring, the lower end of each arc-shaped supporting rod is connected with the lower circular ring, and the plurality of arc-shaped supporting rods are uniformly arranged between the upper circular ring and the lower circular ring; the starting point and the terminal point of the spiral connecting rod are the intersection points of a certain arc-shaped supporting rod, the upper circular ring and the lower circular ring, the spiral direction of the spiral connecting rod is anticlockwise, the spiral connecting rod takes the arc-shaped supporting rod as the outline, the whole body is in a middle concave shape, and the spiral connecting rod is uniformly distributed between the upper circular ring and the lower circular ring.
Furthermore, the thread pitch and the number of the spiral connecting rods are adjustable, and the radian of the arc-shaped supporting rod is adjustable.
Furthermore, the cross sections of the arc-shaped supporting rod and the spiral connecting rod are circular, oval or polygonal.
Furthermore, the arc-shaped supporting rod is of a uniform section or a variable section.
Furthermore, the cross section area of the arc-shaped supporting rod is gradually increased from the center of the arc-shaped supporting rod to two ends of the arc-shaped supporting rod.
Furthermore, the cross section area of the arc-shaped supporting rod is gradually reduced from the center of the arc-shaped supporting rod to the two ends.
Furthermore, the number of the arc-shaped supporting rods is 4, the number of the spiral connecting rods is 2, and a two-compression-spring type lattice structure is formed.
Furthermore, the number of the arc-shaped supporting rods is 4, the number of the spiral connecting rods is 4, and a four-compression-spring type lattice structure is formed.
A method for preparing the lattice structure is prepared by a 3D printing method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
(1) The provided periodic composite structure lattice structure has better compression performance and an energy-absorbing and cushioning effect, when the periodic composite structure lattice structure is loaded, the arc-shaped supporting rods and the spiral connecting rods are deformed together, the load is mainly borne by the arc-shaped supporting rods, even if the arc-shaped supporting rods are damaged, the spiral connecting rods still can play a supporting role and play a cushioning and energy-absorbing role simultaneously, so that the lattice structure has more excellent mechanical properties, and particularly has advantages in modulus, strength and energy absorption.
(2) The lattice component provided by the invention can realize certain choice and adjustment of the strength of the lattice and the energy absorption and cushioning capacity by controlling the arc radian of the arc-shaped support rod and the pitch of the spiral connecting rod, is wide in application and can be applied to various fields.
(3) The lattice structure provided by the invention can reduce the weight, improve the specific rigidity and the specific strength of parts, improve the reliability of the parts and greatly improve the energy absorption and buffer capacity of the parts.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-compression-spring unit cell in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic front view of a two-compression-spring unit cell structure in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a two-compression-spring 30mm × 30mm lattice structure in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cloud of stress distribution when two compressed spring units are compressed by 16% in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a four-compression-spring unit cell in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic front view of a four-reed-type cell structure in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a four-compression-spring 30mm × 30mm lattice structure in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a stress distribution cloud chart of the four-compression-spring unit cell structure of example 3 of the present invention at 16% compression.
FIG. 9 is the stress-strain curve diagram of the compression test of the two-compression-spring lattice, the four-compression-spring lattice, the BCC lattice structure and the BCCZ lattice structure with the same relative density of 25% and the size of 30 mm.
FIG. 10 is a comparison graph of compression modulus, compression strength and specific energy absorption of the two-compression-spring lattice, four-compression-spring lattice, BCC lattice structure and BCCZ lattice structure of the lattice of the present invention, in which the relative density of the two-compression-spring lattice is 25% and the size is 30mm × 30 mm.
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the arc-shaped supporting rod with the area of the interface gradually increasing from the center to the two ends.
Fig. 12 is a structural schematic diagram of the cross-sectional area of the arc-shaped support rod gradually decreasing from the center to the two ends.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Referring to fig. 1-8, a lattice structure according to an embodiment of the invention includes a plurality of lattice cells. Wherein, every dot matrix cell element includes a plurality of arc bracing pieces, the heliciform connecting rod, promptly as required, crooked connecting rod in a certain amount presents certain crooked degree setting in space, makes the spiral connecting rod present different spiral outlines simultaneously. The spiral connecting rods in a certain number are arranged in a certain pitch in space, and meanwhile, the spiral connecting rods are connected with the bending rods and the upper end and the lower end of the bending rods in a chain mode in different positions.
In the two compression spring type lattice structure, the rod bodies of the circular rings and the arc-shaped supporting rods are used as a basis, the arc edges of the two circular rings are opposite, the planes of the two circular rings are parallel to each other, the circle center of the lower circular ring is used as an original point, the plane of the lower circular ring is an xoy plane, a positive z half shaft penetrates through the plane of the upper circular ring, the two circular rings are connected through four arc-shaped supporting rods, lower supporting points of the four arc-shaped supporting rods are respectively positioned at the intersection points of positive and negative axes of x and y axes and the circular rings, the arc-shaped supporting rods are used as a contour, the positive z axis is used as an extension axis, the anticlockwise direction is used as a spiral direction, the size of a single side cell element is used as a screw pitch, two spiral connecting rods are respectively established, and the spiral connecting rods can have the same starting point with the arc-shaped supporting rods at the lower circular rings;
as an improvement, the pitch and the number of the spiral connecting rods are changed and the radian of the arc-shaped supporting rod is properly adjusted by combining a design method of a first lattice structure, namely a two-pressure-spring lattice structure, and the two-pressure-spring lattice structure is optimized to obtain a four-pressure-spring lattice structure;
the four-compression-spring type lattice structure is still based on the rod bodies of the circular rings and the arc-shaped supporting rods, the bending radian of the arc-shaped supporting rods is reduced to a certain extent, the number of the spiral connecting rods is increased to four, the starting points of the spiral connecting rods are changed into intersection points of the four arc-shaped supporting rods and the lower closed ring, the pitch is increased to be four times of the unilateral size of a cell element, and other settings are unchanged;
the two expression structural modes of the compression spring type lattice structure are combined, the spiral connecting rods take the arc-shaped supporting rods as the outline, the whole body is in a concave shape and is similar to a shin bone structure, and the intersection points (starting points) of each spiral connecting rod and the lower circular ring are uniformly distributed on the circular rings;
the spiral connecting rod is smoothly connected with the arc-shaped supporting rod, and the arc-shaped supporting rod and the spiral connecting rod simultaneously connect and support the upper ring and the lower ring;
the cross section of the arc-shaped supporting rod can be a uniform cross section or a variable cross section by combining two expression structure modes of a compression spring type lattice structure. The variable cross section is as follows: 1. the area of the interface is gradually increased from the center of the arc-shaped support rod to the two ends, as shown in fig. 11; 2. the cross-sectional area gradually decreases from the center of the arc-shaped support rod to the two ends, as shown in fig. 12;
the cross sections of the arc-shaped supporting rod and the spiral connecting rod can be round, oval, square and the like by combining two expression structure modes of a compression spring type lattice structure;
combining two expression structure modes of a compression spring type lattice structure, wherein the lattice cell is in a central symmetry structure;
by combining with an optimization method of a compression spring type lattice structure, the radian of the arc-shaped supporting rod of the cell element and the pitch and the number of the spiral connecting rods are adjustable;
according to the two-cell structure, the lattice cells are arranged in a space Cartesian rectangular coordinate system array, and adjacent cells are connected;
the invention discloses a compression spring type dot matrix cell optimization principle and a method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, modeling an initial model of two compression spring type unit cell structures by calculating and utilizing computer three-dimensional auxiliary software CATIA V5, and performing array processing by utilizing Magics software;
s2, performing compression experiment simulation analysis on the lattice structure by utilizing abaqus software to obtain a stress distribution diagram and a stress-strain curve;
and S3, selecting the number and the thread pitch of the spiral connecting rods, the radian of the arc supporting rods and the cross sections of the rods according to the stress distribution graph and the stress-strain curve: when the two compression spring type lattice structures are compressed, stress distribution patterns show that the stress is less born, so that the stress distribution of the whole unit cell structure is uneven, the pitch of the four compression spring type unit cells is increased, the bending radian of the arc-shaped supporting rod is reduced to a certain extent, and the number of spiral connecting rods is increased, so that the stress distribution of the unit cell structure is more uniform, the negative quality of the structure is greatly reduced, and the performance of the structure is more excellent;
and S4, verifying the effectiveness and reliability of the dot matrix cell optimization method by combining experimental data.
Example 1: two-compression-spring type unit cell and lattice structure thereof
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2: each dot matrix cell element comprises four arc-shaped supporting rods and two spiral connecting rods. The detailed implementation process is as follows: using the three-dimensional modeling software CATIA V5, points (e.g., points (2.5, 0), (2.5, 0, 5)) were created on the 5mm square parallel to the XOY plane at the midpoints of the four sides while creating a circle of 5mm diameter on both planes.
A point (1.5, 0, 2.5) is established, and then the three points (2.5, 0), (2.5, 0, 5), (1.5, 0, 2.5) are connected in a curve to obtain an arc-shaped support rod, and another curved rod can be obtained by the same principle. Establishing a screw rod by taking the arc-shaped supporting rod as an outline, taking the points (2.5, 0 and 0) as starting points, taking the extension axis as a Z axis, taking the screw pitch as 5mm and taking the direction as anticlockwise, and establishing other screw rods in the same way;
different cross section treatments are carried out according to different relative densities, the cross section profile of the embodiment is a circle with the diameter of 0.918mm, and the relative density is 25 percent;
and finally, establishing a square (the center is positioned at the origin of XYZ coordinates) of 5mm multiplied by 5mm, and performing Boolean cross processing with the modeling to obtain the lattice unit cell.
Array processing was performed using Magics software to obtain a 30mm x 30mm lattice as shown in fig. 3.
Example 2: two-compression-spring unit cell optimization treatment:
the two compression spring type single cell structures are led into abaqus software to be subjected to compression experiment simulation analysis, a stress distribution diagram is obtained, as shown in fig. 4, the stress distribution diagram is a stress distribution cloud diagram when the single cell is compressed to 16%, as shown in the diagram, stress is mainly distributed on the arc-shaped supporting rods, and the two spiral supporting rods bear less stress, so that the stress distribution is uneven, and the compression performance of the cell element and the dot matrix thereof is greatly influenced.
The distribution cloud picture analysis of the two compression spring type unit cell compression stress mainly optimizes the spiral supporting rod: the pitch is increased to four times the unilateral size of the single cell, namely 20mm, and the number of the spiral connecting rods is increased to 4, so that the stress distribution of the single cell structure is more uniform, the radian of the arc-shaped supporting rod is reduced to a certain extent, and the stress distribution cloud chart is shown in fig. 8.
Example 3: four-compression spring type unit cell and lattice structure thereof
As shown in fig. 5 and 6: each dot matrix cell comprises four arc-shaped supporting rods and four spiral connecting rods. The detailed implementation process is as follows: using the three-dimensional modeling software CATIA V5, points (e.g., points (2.5, 0), (2.5, 0, 5)) were created at the midpoints of the four sides of a 5mm by 5mm square parallel to the XOY plane while creating a circle of 5mm diameter on both planes.
Establishing a point (1.5, 0, 2.5), and then performing curve connection on the three points (2.5, 0), (2.5, 0, 5), (1.7, 0, 2.5) to obtain an arc-shaped supporting rod, so that the arc degree of the arc-shaped supporting rod is reduced relative to that of the two compression spring type unit cells, and the other arc-shaped supporting rod can be obtained by the same method. The arc-shaped supporting rod is used as a profile, the points (2.5, 0 and 0) are used as starting points, the extending axis is a Z axis, the thread pitch is 20mm, the direction is anticlockwise, the spiral rod is built, and other spiral connecting rods are built in the same way.
Different cross section treatments are carried out according to different relative densities, the cross section profile of the embodiment is a circle with the diameter of 0.896mm, and the relative density is 25%;
and finally, establishing a square of 5mm multiplied by 5mm (the center is positioned at the origin of XYZ coordinates), and carrying out Boolean cross treatment on the square and the modeling to obtain the lattice unit cell.
Performing array processing by using Magics software to obtain a 30mm × 30mm × 30mm dot matrix, as shown in FIG. 8;
and finally, performing 3D printing manufacturing on the two novel lattice structures and the BCC and BCCZ lattice structures by taking resin as materials, and then performing a compression experiment on the lattice structures. The mass of the two-compression-spring type lattice structure is 7.75g, the mass of the four-compression-spring type lattice structure is 7.48g, the mass of the BCC lattice structure is 7.88g, and the mass of the BCCZ lattice structure is 7.76 g. The nominal stress-strain curve obtained by a mechanical compression experiment is shown in figure 9, the compression modulus, the compression strength and the specific energy absorption are shown in figure 10, the experiment shows that the compression modulus, the compression strength and the energy absorption of the two single-cell lattice structures are obviously superior to those of a BCC lattice structure, and compared with a BCCZ structure, the compression modulus and the compression strength of the two single-cell lattice structures are superior under the condition of almost consistent energy absorption. Meanwhile, compared with the two-compression-spring single-cell lattice structure, the optimized four-compression-spring single-cell lattice structure has the advantages that the compression modulus and the compression strength are respectively improved by 36% and 40% under the condition that the energy absorption is almost unchanged.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: each embodiment does not include only one independent technical solution, and in the case of no conflict between the solutions, the technical features mentioned in the respective embodiments can be combined in any way to form other embodiments which can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Furthermore, modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for some of the technical features thereof, without departing from the scope of the present invention, and the essence of the corresponding technical solutions may not be deviated from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A bending leading type compression spring type lattice structure is characterized by comprising a plurality of lattice cells, wherein the lattice cells are arranged in a space Cartesian rectangular coordinate system array, adjacent lattice cells are connected with one another, and each lattice cell is of a centrosymmetric structure and comprises an upper circular ring, a lower circular ring, an arc-shaped supporting rod and a spiral connecting rod;
the bulges of each arc-shaped supporting rod are arranged inwards, the upper end of each arc-shaped supporting rod is connected with the upper circular ring, the lower end of each arc-shaped supporting rod is connected with the lower circular ring, and the plurality of arc-shaped supporting rods are uniformly arranged between the upper circular ring and the lower circular ring; the starting point and the terminal point of the spiral connecting rod are the intersection points of a certain arc-shaped supporting rod, the upper circular ring and the lower circular ring, the spiral direction of the spiral connecting rod is anticlockwise, the spiral connecting rod takes the arc-shaped supporting rod as the outline, the whole body is in a middle concave shape, and the spiral connecting rod is uniformly distributed between the upper circular ring and the lower circular ring.
2. Lattice structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the pitch and number of the helical connecting rods are adjustable and the arc of the curved supporting rod is adjustable.
3. The lattice structure of claim 2, wherein the arc-shaped support rods and the helical tie rods are circular, elliptical or polygonal in cross-section.
4. A lattice structure according to claim 3, wherein the curved supporting rods are of constant or varying cross-section.
5. The lattice structure of claim 4, wherein the cross-sectional area of the arc-shaped support rods increases from the center of the arc-shaped support rods to both ends.
6. The lattice structure of claim 4, wherein the cross-sectional area of the curved support rods decreases from the center of the curved support rods to the ends.
7. The lattice structure of claim 5 or 6, wherein the number of the arc-shaped supporting rods is 4, and the number of the spiral connecting rods is 2, so as to form a two-compression-spring lattice structure.
8. Lattice structure according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the number of arc-shaped support rods is 4, and the number of spiral-shaped connecting rods is 4, forming a four-compression-spring lattice structure.
9. A method of preparing a lattice structure according to any of claims 1-8, wherein the lattice structure is prepared by 3D printing.
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