CN111723501B - Composite energy absorption structure based on square unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure and 3D printing method thereof - Google Patents
Composite energy absorption structure based on square unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure and 3D printing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a composite energy absorption structure based on a square unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure and a 3D printing method thereof, wherein the composite energy absorption structure is composed of a plurality of layers of polycrystalline type micro-truss structures subjected to 3D printing layer by layer along a Z-axis direction, each polycrystalline type micro-truss structure comprises a plurality of groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas taking central lines of the polycrystalline type micro-truss structures as symmetrical lines, each group of twin crystal type micro-truss areas is formed by respectively rotating left and right parts of single crystal type micro-truss structures taking the central lines as symmetrical lines in opposite directions and at the same angle around the Z-axis, and a two-dimensional point array structural unit is a square unit. According to the invention, different regions are artificially divided in the lattice type micro-truss structure, lattice arrangements with different orientations are arranged in the regions to simulate the microstructure in the polycrystalline material, and the size parameters of each lattice are reduced by dividing more regions, so that the lattice type micro-truss structure obtains a strengthening effect similar to grain refinement, and the mechanical property of the lattice type micro-truss structure is further improved while the light weight is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite energy absorption structures, and relates to a composite energy absorption structure based on a square unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure.
Background
Porous structures are ubiquitous in nature, and for example, animal bones, honeycomb structures, plant stalks and the like are porous structures. The special structure has a plurality of excellent mechanical properties, small density, light weight and good specific strength and specific rigidity. It has attracted widespread research in recent years due to its potential to be an ideal lightweight structural material. The porous structure includes honeycomb material, foam metal material, lattice material, etc. Generally, the weight per unit volume of the porous structure is only one tenth of that of other materials.
The lattice type micro-truss structure is a novel ordered porous material formed by combining periodically arranged nodes and connecting rods, and the novel structure combines the mechanical property advantages of the material with the free design of geometric orientation. Compared with the traditional porous structures such as metal foam and honeycomb material, the lattice type micro-truss structure has more outstanding specific stiffness, specific strength and good energy absorption characteristic per unit mass, and is one of the widely accepted lightweight high-strength structural materials with development prospect in the world at present.
The lattice type micro-truss structure can show certain characteristics which are difficult to be possessed by conventional materials, such as negative Poisson's ratio, vibration reduction, heat insulation and other functional characteristics, by combining the redesign of the structure and the corresponding theoretical calculation; furthermore, the lattice type micro-truss structure can realize the structural characteristics of light weight and high strength by selecting proper materials to match with an additive manufacturing technology. Due to their excellent physical and mechanical properties, lattice-type micro-truss structures have been increasingly used in automotive, biomechanical, aerospace, and construction industries.
However, the design and fabrication of lattice-type micro-truss structures remains a challenge and the structural and performance relationships have not been fully addressed. Therefore, if the lattice type micro-truss structure is required to meet the use requirements in practical applications, especially for the application in the aspects of high requirements of biomechanics, aerospace and the like, a new truss structure preparation process and a material design method need to be developed to realize the correspondence between the structure and the performance.
To date, research efforts have focused on lattice-type micro-truss structures with a single orientation for this new structural material. A disadvantage of this structure is that its single lattice orientation results in deformation that tends to be highly concentrated in certain specific lattice directions and planes during compression. When the load exceeds the yield limit of the structure, the strain-concentrated part of the structure fails at the same time, which is reflected in the stress-strain curve by a large drop in the stress over a large strain range, ultimately leading to a reduction in its mechanical properties and absorption energy, this deformation behavior being similar to the stress reduction in the single-crystal material due to slip. Therefore, it is important and hot to develop an improved composite energy absorbing material with a lattice type micro-truss structure having a single orientation. The invention is also based on this.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite energy absorption structure based on a square unit polycrystalline micro-truss structure and a 3D printing method thereof, and aims to solve the problems of reduced mechanical property and absorbed energy and the like of the existing single crystal material.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
one of the technical schemes of the invention provides a composite energy absorption structure based on a square unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure, which is composed of a plurality of layers of polycrystalline type micro-truss structures subjected to 3D printing layer by layer along the Z-axis direction, the lattice type micro-truss structure composed of two-dimensional lattice structure units with single orientation is defined as a single crystal type micro-truss structure, the polycrystalline type micro-truss structure comprises a plurality of groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a central line as a symmetrical line, each group of twin crystal type micro-truss areas is formed by respectively rotating a left part and a right part of the single crystal type micro-truss structures which are symmetrical lines with the central line around the Z-axis in opposite directions and at the same angle, and the two-dimensional point array structure units are square units.
Further, the angle of rotation is 7.5 °, 15 °, 22.5 °, 30 °, 37.5 ° or 42.5 °.
Furthermore, two adjacent groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas along the direction of the central line are in mirror symmetry.
Further, the printing material used for the polycrystalline micro-truss structure is a PLA material.
Further, the size parameters of the polycrystalline micro-truss structure are as follows: length × width × height is 49mm × 49mm × 50 mm.
Further, the dimension parameters of each square unit are as follows: length × width × height ═ 7mm × 7mm × 7 mm.
More preferably, the square units are connected by the same nodes in a connecting rod arrangement. More preferably, the thickness of the connecting rod is 1 mm.
Furthermore, two groups, three groups or four groups or more groups of the twin crystal type micro-truss areas are arranged.
The second technical scheme of the invention provides a 3D printing method of a composite energy absorption structure based on a square unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure, which comprises the following steps:
taking the surface of the polycrystalline type micro-truss structure as an X-Y plane and the height direction as a Z axis, and then printing the polycrystalline type micro-truss structure layer by layer along the Z axis direction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention is inspired by a microscopic metal strengthening mechanism, namely a grain refinement phenomenon, simulates the microstructure in a polycrystalline material by artificially dividing different regions in a lattice type micro-truss structure and arranging lattice arrangements with different orientations in the regions, and reduces the size parameter of each lattice by dividing more regions, so that the lattice type micro-truss structure obtains a strengthening effect similar to grain refinement, and the mechanical property of the lattice type micro-truss structure is further improved while the light weight is ensured. Particularly, on the basis of ensuring nearly the same first peak value of the compressive strength, the platform stress of the platform region is ensured to be always maintained at a higher stress level by arranging a similar polycrystalline structure, so that the structural target of light weight and high strength is realized, and the excellent energy absorption performance is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a square cell;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional composite energy absorbing structure based on a square unit single crystal type micro-truss structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic of a square unit polymorphic micro-truss structure (grain number 4) of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic of a square unit polymorphic micro-truss structure (grain number 6) of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic of a square unit polymorphic microtruss structure (grain number 8) of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a compressive stress-strain curve for a square unit polymorphic micro-truss structure (angle of rotation 30 °; number of grains 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, respectively);
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the yield strength and the quasi-grain size of a square unit twin crystal type micro-truss structure (rotation angle of 30 degrees; grain number of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, respectively)
The notation in the figure is:
1-square unit, 2-twin crystal type micro truss area, 3-common boundary, 4-connecting rod.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
In the invention, an Abaqus finite element simulation software is adopted to simulate the compression test process.
The lattice type micro-truss structure model is established by utilizing a modeling software inventory, the geometric parameters of the model are 49mm multiplied by 50mm, as the geometric configurations of the model in the Z-axis direction are completely consistent, only a three-dimensional model of 49mm multiplied by 0.5mm is constructed for simplifying calculation, and the generated structure model is introduced into finite element software Abaqus in the form of an independent entity. The rigid plate is constructed in a discrete rigid body mode, the rigid plate adopts a shell unit model, and the plane size parameter is 60mm multiplied by 1 mm. The analysis step uses an Abaqus/Standard solver. When the boundary condition is set, displacement constraint is applied to the two rigid plates. Specifically, a first rigid plate is placed under the structural model and fixed constraints are imposed, while limiting all its degrees of freedom; the displacement boundary condition in the Y direction is applied to the other rigid plate while restricting the degrees of freedom other than the Y direction. Using a general contact algorithm to simulate other surfaces that may contact each other during compression; a penalty friction model is used to cope with the complex frictional behaviour that may occur, and the coefficient of friction is set to 0.3. The PLA material was defined using a damage evolution model of shear failure with a strain at break 0.1021 (based on tensile testing). Finally, C3D8R cells (eight-node hexahedral linear reduction integration cells) are used for mesh division.
The compression test is carried out according to the national standard GB/T31930-2015: the ductility test method for metallic materials and the compression test method for porous and honeycomb metals. The Z-axis direction of the sample was set as the compression direction, and the load rate of the compression load was 5 mm/min. In the finite element simulation of the compression test, a compression force-displacement curve was recorded. The ratio of the actual compressive force applied to the sample to its original cross-sectional area during the experiment was taken as the compressive stress, and a compressive stress-strain curve was plotted. And taking an energy value obtained by integrating the area at the end point of the curve platform as absorption energy, and calculating the absorption energy efficiency. And analyzing the deformation and fracture characteristics of the structure through the dynamic response process of finite element analysis.
Wherein, the energy absorption and the energy absorption efficiency are calculated according to the following formulas respectively:
in the formula: w is the absorbed energy (MJ/m)3)；weIs absorption energy efficiency (%); σ is compressive stress (N/mm)2)；e0Upper limit of compressive strain (here 20%); sigma0Compressive stress (N/mm) corresponding to the upper limit of compressive strain2)。
In the invention, a lattice type micro-truss structure composed of two-dimensional lattice structure units with single orientation is designed, and the lattice type micro-truss structure is called a single crystal type micro-truss structure in consideration that the specific structure has no definite noun definition. The two-dimensional lattice type micro-truss structure unit comprises a square unit, a triangular unit, a hexagonal unit, a square unit, a Kagome unit, a rectangular unit and the like. In the invention, a lattice type micro-truss structure is designed by mainly selecting square units, as shown in figure 1.
In the following embodiments or examples, unless otherwise indicated, all materials or processing techniques are shown as conventional in the art.
The invention provides a composite energy absorption structure based on a square unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure, which is shown in a figure 1 and a figure 3-a figure 5, and consists of a plurality of layers of polycrystalline type micro-truss structures subjected to 3D printing layer by layer along a Z-axis direction, wherein the lattice type micro-truss structure consisting of two-dimensional lattice structure units with single orientation is defined as a single crystal type micro-truss structure, the polycrystalline type micro-truss structure comprises a plurality of groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas 2 which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a central line by taking the central line as a symmetrical line, each group of twin crystal type micro-truss areas 2 is formed by respectively rotating left and right parts of the single crystal type micro-truss structures which take the central line as the symmetrical line in opposite directions and at the same angle around the Z-axis, and the two-dimensional lattice type micro-truss structure unit is a square unit 1.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the angle of rotation is 7.5 °, 15 °, 22.5 °, 30 °, 37.5 ° or 42.5 °.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, two adjacent sets of twin crystal type micro-truss regions 2 along the center line are in mirror symmetry.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the printing material used for the polymorphic micro-truss structure is a PLA material.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the size parameters of the polymorphic micro-truss structure are: length × width × height 49mm × 49mm × 50 mm.
Further, the dimensional parameters of each square unit 1 are: length × width × height ═ 7mm × 7mm × 7 mm.
More preferably, the square units 1 are connected in an array by the connecting rods 4 at the same nodes. More preferably, the thickness of the connecting rod 4 is 1 mm.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the twin crystal type micro-truss regions 2 are provided in two, three or four or more groups.
The above embodiments may be implemented individually, or in any combination of two or more.
The above embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a composite energy absorption structure based on a square unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure, a PLA material is used as a 3D printing material, the structure of the lattice type micro-truss is shown in figures 3-5, and is composed of a plurality of layers of polycrystalline type micro-truss structures which are subjected to 3D printing layer by layer along the Z-axis direction, a lattice type micro-truss structure composed of two-dimensional lattice structure units with single orientation is defined as a single crystal type micro-truss structure, the polycrystalline type micro-truss structure comprises a plurality of groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas 2 which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a central line by taking the central line as a symmetrical line, each group of twin crystal type micro-truss areas 2 is formed by respectively rotating a left part and a right part of single crystal type micro-truss structures which take the central line as the symmetrical line around a Z axis in opposite directions and at the same angle, the two-dimensional point array structural unit is a square unit 1, and two adjacent groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas 2 along the direction of the central line are in mirror symmetry.
In the specific design process of the embodiment, the size parameters of the adopted single crystal micro-truss structure are length × width × height, which is 49mm × 49mm × 50mm, and the [100], [010] directions (i.e., the x-axis and the y-axis of the two-dimensional lattice) of the structural units are consistent with the X, Y-axis direction in the global coordinate system of the finite element analysis. The size parameters of the square unit 1 are length × width × height ═ 7mm × 7mm, the width of the connecting rod 4 is 1mm, and the same nodes and the connecting rods 4 are arranged and connected to form a complete structure like a Chinese character 'tian', as shown in fig. 2. The single-crystal micro-truss structure respectively comprises 8 two-dimensional lattice structure units (namely square units 1) along the X direction and the Y direction, correspondingly and respectively comprises 8 nodes, totally comprises 64 two-dimensional lattice structure units, each node is the central point of the square unit 1, and two adjacent square units 1 share the connecting rod 4 on the peripheral boundary of the grid-shaped structure.
On the basis of the above, the size parameters of the whole single crystal type micro-truss structure are kept unchanged, and a plurality of regions which are equal in size and in a symmetrical relation are divided in the single crystal type micro-truss structure, and the regions imitate the microstructure in the polycrystalline material, so that the regions are called crystal grains.
In the example of fig. 3, the polycrystalline micro-truss structure is divided into 4 equal sized grains, each grain having size parameters of 25mm x 50mm, and the tie rod 4 has a width of 1 mm. The arrangement of the square cells 1 inside is as follows:
On the basis of a single-crystal micro-truss structure, the Z direction of a global coordinate system is taken as a rotating direction, the middle point of the whole model is taken as a rotating reference point, the single-crystal micro-truss structure is rotated clockwise by 30 degrees to form crystal grains above the left of the multi-crystal micro-truss structure, meanwhile, the rotating part exceeding the crystal grains due to rotation is removed in the modeling process, and blank parts inside the crystal grains due to rotation are filled according to the direction of a Chinese-character-shaped unit; and rotating the single-crystal micro-truss structure counterclockwise by 30 degrees in the same rotating direction and the same reference point to form crystal grains on the upper right of the multi-crystal micro-truss structure, so that the crystal grains on the left side and the right side of the upper side form a group of twin-crystal micro-truss areas 2. Then, the crystal grains on the left side and the right side of the upper part are symmetrical to the lower part of the crystal boundary in a mirror symmetry relationship, so that another group of twin crystal type micro-truss areas 2 is obtained, the upper and the lower groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas 2 are also in mirror symmetry with each other, so that four crystal grain areas which are twin crystals with each other are formed, the twin crystal angle of the four crystal grain areas is a rotation angle which is two times of that of the four crystal grain areas, namely 60 degrees, and at the moment, the square unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure shown in the figure 3 is formed.
Modeling according to this method can further divide the polymorphic micro-truss structure into a different number of grains. In the example of fig. 4, the polymorphic micro-truss structure is divided into 6 equal sized grains, with 2 in the transverse direction and 3 in the longitudinal direction. The size parameters of each crystal grain become 17mm × 25mm × 50mm, and the width of the tie bar 4 is 1 mm. The arrangement of the square units 1 in the inner part is the same as that of the upper section. At this time, the 6 crystal grains may sequentially form three groups of twin crystal type micro-truss regions 2 according to the rotation mode of the square unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure shown in fig. 3, and two adjacent groups of twin crystal type micro-truss regions 2 along the central line are in mirror symmetry, so as to form a square unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure with a crystal grain number of 6.
Further, the polymorphic micro-truss structure may be divided into 8 equal-sized grains with 2 in the transverse direction and 4 in the longitudinal direction. The size parameters of each crystal grain become 13mm × 25mm × 50mm, and the width of the tie bar 4 is 1 mm. The arrangement of the square units 1 in the inner part is the same as that of the upper section. Referring to fig. 5, two crystal grains adjacent to each other at the same horizontal position form a group. Similarly, referring to the arrangement of fig. 3 and 4, 8 crystal grains form four sets of twin crystal type micro-truss regions 2, and two adjacent sets of twin crystal type micro-truss regions 2 along the central line are in mirror symmetry, so as to form a square unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure with 8 crystal grains.
In the above embodiment, the symmetry line of two crystal grains (i.e. two twin crystal type micro-truss regions 2) which are arbitrarily adjacent in the up-down or left-right direction is used as the common boundary 3 of the two crystal grains.
The performance test is performed on the square unit 1 twin crystal type micro-truss structure obtained in the above example, wherein fig. 6 is a compressive stress-strain curve (the rotation angle is 30 °; the number of crystal grains are 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8, respectively) of the square unit multi-crystal type micro-truss structure, and fig. 7 is a relationship curve between the yield strength and the quasicrystal grain size of the square unit 1 twin crystal type micro-truss structure (the rotation angle is 30 °; the number of crystal grains are 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8, respectively).
It is found that when the number of the quasicrystals is 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8, respectively, the yield strengths thereof are 9.68MPa, 9.72MPa, 10.69MPa, 11.08MPa and 11.36MPa, respectively.
Taking the square root of the quasi-grain area of the polycrystalline microtruss structure as the diameter d, and the compressive yield strength sigmayAnd d-1/2The abscissa and ordinate respectively being coordinate axesy-d -1/2Curve, found compressive yield strength σ after fittingyAnd d-1/2Approximately presents a linear relationship, and the slope k thereof is 19.00 MPa.mm1/2,σ0＝6.78MPa。
For polycrystalline materials, the grain size versus yield strength relationship can be expressed by the Hall-Petch equation:
the formula shows the yield strength σ of the polycrystalline materialyAnd d-1/2PresentingA linear relationship. In the lattice type micro-truss structure, the size of the quasi-crystal grains is reduced by continuously increasing the number of the quasi-crystal grains to form a continuous twin crystal boundary, and the yield strength sigma of the continuous twin crystal boundary isyAnd d-1/2A similar linear relationship is present. This phenomenon suggests that a relationship similar to Hall-Petch is equally applicable to a polymorphic micro-truss structure.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A composite energy absorption structure based on a square unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure is characterized by being composed of a plurality of layers of polycrystalline type micro-truss structures subjected to 3D printing layer by layer along the Z-axis direction, defining a lattice type micro-truss structure composed of two-dimensional lattice structural units in single orientation as a single crystal type micro-truss structure, wherein the polycrystalline type micro-truss structure comprises a plurality of groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a central line of the central line as a symmetrical line, each group of twin crystal type micro-truss areas are formed by respectively rotating a left part and a right part of the single crystal type micro-truss structures which take the central line as the symmetrical line in opposite directions and at the same angle around the Z axis, and the two-dimensional lattice structural units are square units.
2. The composite energy absorbing structure based on the square unit polymorphic micro-truss structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of rotation is 7.5 °, 15 °, 22.5 °, 30 °, 37.5 ° or 42.5 °.
3. The composite energy absorbing structure based on the square unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure is characterized in that two adjacent groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas along the central line are in mirror symmetry.
4. The composite energy absorbing structure based on the square unit polymorphic micro-truss structure is characterized in that a printing material used for the polymorphic micro-truss structure is a PLA material.
5. The composite energy absorbing structure based on the square unit polymorphic micro-truss structure according to claim 1, wherein the polymorphic micro-truss structure has the dimensional parameters of: length × width × height 49mm × 49mm × 50 mm.
6. The composite energy absorbing structure based on the square unit polymorphic micro-truss structure according to claim 5, wherein the dimensional parameters of each square unit are as follows: length × width × height is 7mm × 7mm × 7 mm.
7. The composite energy absorbing structure based on the square unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure is characterized in that the square units are connected by the same nodes in a connecting rod arrangement mode.
8. The composite energy absorbing structure based on the square unit polymorphic micro-truss structure according to claim 7, wherein the thickness of the connecting rod is 1 mm.
9. The composite energy absorbing structure based on the square unit polymorphic micro-truss structure according to claim 1, wherein the twin crystal micro-truss regions are provided in two, three or four or more groups.
10. A method for 3D printing of a composite energy absorbing structure based on square unit polymorphic microtruss structure according to any of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of:
taking the surface of the polycrystalline type micro-truss structure as an X-Y plane and the height direction as a Z axis, and then printing the polycrystalline type micro-truss structure layer by layer along the Z axis direction.
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