CN111723500B - Composite energy absorption structure based on Mi-shaped unit twin crystal type micro-truss structure and 3D printing method thereof - Google Patents
Composite energy absorption structure based on Mi-shaped unit twin crystal type micro-truss structure and 3D printing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111723500B CN111723500B CN202010477033.0A CN202010477033A CN111723500B CN 111723500 B CN111723500 B CN 111723500B CN 202010477033 A CN202010477033 A CN 202010477033A CN 111723500 B CN111723500 B CN 111723500B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a composite energy absorption structure based on a double-crystal-form micro-truss structure of a Mi-shaped unit and a 3D printing method thereof, wherein the composite energy absorption structure is composed of a plurality of layers of double-crystal-form micro-truss structures subjected to 3D printing layer by layer along the Z-axis direction, each double-crystal-form micro-truss structure comprises two parts of double-crystal-form micro-truss areas taking a central line as a symmetrical line, the two parts of double-crystal-form micro-truss areas are formed by respectively rotating left and right parts of single-crystal-form micro-truss structures taking the central line as the symmetrical line around the Z-axis in opposite directions and at the same angle, and the two-dimensional point array structural unit is a Mi-shaped unit. Compared with the prior art, the invention ensures that the platform stress of the platform area is always maintained at a higher stress level by arranging the twin crystal boundary on the basis of ensuring the almost same first peak value of the compressive strength, thereby realizing the structural target of light weight and high strength and ensuring excellent energy absorption performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite energy absorption structures, and relates to a composite energy absorption structure based on a twin crystal type micro-truss structure with a Mi-shaped unit.
Background
Porous structures are ubiquitous in nature, and for example, animal bones, honeycomb structures, plant stalks and the like are porous structures. The special structure has a plurality of excellent mechanical properties, small density, light weight and good specific strength and specific rigidity. It has attracted widespread research in recent years due to its potential to be an ideal lightweight structural material. The porous structure includes honeycomb material, foam metal material, lattice material, etc. Generally, the weight per unit volume of the porous structure is only one tenth of that of other materials.
The lattice type micro-truss structure is a novel ordered porous material formed by combining periodically arranged nodes and connecting rods, and the novel structure combines the mechanical property advantages of the material with the free design of geometric orientation. Compared with the traditional porous structures such as metal foam and honeycomb material, the lattice type micro-truss structure has more outstanding specific stiffness, specific strength and good energy absorption characteristic per unit mass, and is one of the widely accepted lightweight high-strength structural materials with development prospect in the world at present.
The lattice type micro-truss structure can show certain characteristics which are difficult to have by conventional materials, such as negative Poisson's ratio, vibration reduction, heat insulation and other functional characteristics, by the combination of the redesign of the structure and corresponding theoretical calculation; furthermore, the lattice type micro-truss structure can realize the structural characteristics of light weight and high strength by selecting proper materials to match with an additive manufacturing technology. Due to their excellent physical and mechanical properties, lattice-type micro-truss structures have been increasingly used in automotive, biomechanical, aerospace, and construction industries.
However, the design and fabrication of lattice-type micro-truss structures remains a challenge and the structural and performance relationships have not been fully addressed. Therefore, if the lattice type micro-truss structure is required to meet the use requirements in practical applications, especially for the application in the aspects of high requirements of biomechanics, aerospace and the like, a new truss structure preparation process and a material design method need to be developed to realize the correspondence between the structure and the performance.
To date, research efforts have focused on lattice-type micro-truss structures with a single orientation for this new structural material. A disadvantage of this structure is that its single lattice orientation results in deformation that tends to be highly concentrated in certain specific lattice directions and planes during compression. When the load exceeds the yield limit of the structure, the strain-concentrated part of the structure fails at the same time, which is reflected in the stress-strain curve by a large drop in the stress over a large strain range, ultimately leading to a reduction in its mechanical properties and absorption energy, this deformation behavior being similar to the stress reduction in the single-crystal material due to slip. Therefore, it is important and hot to develop an improved composite energy absorbing material with a lattice type micro-truss structure having a single orientation. The invention is also based on this.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite energy absorption structure based on a twin crystal type micro-truss structure with a Mi-shaped unit and a 3D printing method thereof, so as to solve the problems of reduced mechanical property and absorbed energy and the like of the existing single crystal material.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
one of the technical schemes of the invention provides a composite energy absorption structure based on a Mi-character unit twin crystal type micro-truss structure, which is composed of a plurality of layers of twin crystal type micro-truss structures subjected to 3D printing layer by layer along the Z-axis direction, a lattice type micro-truss structure composed of two-dimensional lattice structure units in single orientation is defined as a single crystal type micro-truss structure, the twin crystal type micro-truss structure comprises two twin crystal type micro-truss areas taking a central line as a symmetrical line, the two twin crystal type micro-truss areas are formed by respectively rotating left and right single crystal type micro-truss structures taking the central line as a symmetrical line around the Z-axis in opposite directions and at the same angle, and the two-dimensional lattice structure units are Mi-character units.
Further, the angle of rotation is 7.5 °, 15 °, 22.5 °, 30 °, 37.5 °, or 42.5 °. Further, the angle of rotation is 7.5 ° or 15 °.
Further, the printing material used by the twin crystal type micro-truss structure is a PLA material.
Further, the dimension parameters of the twin crystal type micro-truss structure are as follows: length × width × height is 49mm × 49mm × 50 mm. Further, the dimension parameters of each meter-shaped unit are as follows: length × width × height ═ 7mm × 7mm × 7 mm. More preferably, the m-shaped units are connected by the same nodes in a connecting rod arrangement. More preferably, the thickness of the connecting rod is 1 mm.
Further, the line of symmetry serves as a common boundary for the two part twin crystal type micro-truss regions.
The second technical scheme of the invention provides a 3D printing method of a composite energy-absorbing structure based on a Mi-shaped unit twin crystal type micro-truss structure, which comprises the following steps:
and taking the surface of the twin crystal type micro-truss structure as an X-Y plane and the height direction thereof as a Z axis, and then printing the twin crystal type micro-truss structure layer by layer along the Z axis direction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention is inspired by a microscopic metal strengthening mechanism-twin phenomenon, and the lattice type micro-truss structure obtains similar strengthening effect by artificially arranging twin crystal angles and twin crystal boundaries in the lattice type micro-truss structure, thereby further improving the mechanical property of the lattice type micro-truss structure while ensuring light weight. Particularly, on the basis of ensuring almost the same first peak value of the compressive strength, the platform stress of the platform area is ensured to be always maintained at a higher stress level by arranging the twin crystal boundary, so that the structural target of light weight and high strength is realized, and the excellent energy absorption performance is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a Mi-shaped unit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a composite energy absorbing structure based on a Mi-shaped unit single crystal type micro-truss structure;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a twin crystal type micro-truss structure of the Mi-shaped unit (twin crystal angle θ is 60 °) of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a twin crystal type micro-truss structure of the Mi-shaped unit (twin crystal angle θ is 15 °) of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a twin crystal type micro-truss structure of the Mi-shaped unit (twin crystal angle θ is 30 °) of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the rotation angle
The compression stress-strain curve of the single crystal type micro-truss structure with the Mi-shaped unit;
FIG. 7 shows the rotation angle
The compression stress-strain curve of the twin crystal type micro-truss structure of the Mi-shaped unit;
FIG. 8 shows the rotation angle
Compressive stress of twin crystal type micro-truss structure with Mi-shaped unitsA strain curve;
FIG. 9 shows the rotation angle
The compression stress-strain curve of the twin crystal type micro-truss structure of the Mi-shaped unit;
FIG. 10 shows the energy absorption and energy absorption efficiency along with the rotation angle of the Mi-shaped unit twin crystal type micro-truss structure during the compression process
The variation relationship of (a);
the notation in the figure is:
1-meter-shaped unit, 2-twin crystal type micro-truss area, 3-common boundary and 4-connecting rod.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The invention adopts Abaqus finite element simulation software to simulate the compression test process.
The lattice type micro-truss structure model is established by utilizing a modeling software inventory, the geometric parameters of the model are 49mm multiplied by 50mm, as the geometric configurations of the model in the Z-axis direction are completely consistent, only a three-dimensional model of 49mm multiplied by 0.5mm is constructed for simplifying calculation, and the generated structure model is introduced into finite element software Abaqus in the form of an independent entity. The rigid plate is constructed in a discrete rigid body mode, the rigid plate adopts a shell unit model, and the plane size parameter is 60mm multiplied by 1 mm. The analysis step uses an Abaqus/Standard solver. When the boundary condition is set, displacement constraint is applied to the two rigid plates. Specifically, a first rigid plate is placed under the structural model and fixed constraints are imposed, while limiting all its degrees of freedom; the displacement boundary condition in the Y direction is applied to the other rigid plate while restricting the degrees of freedom other than the Y direction. Using a general contact algorithm to simulate other surfaces that may contact each other during compression; a penalty friction model is used to cope with the complex frictional behaviour that may occur, and the coefficient of friction is set to 0.3. The PLA material was defined using a damage evolution model of shear failure with a strain at break 0.1021 (based on tensile testing). Finally, C3D8R cells (eight-node hexahedral linear reduction integration cells) are used for mesh division.
The compression test should be performed according to the national standard GB/T31930-2015: the metal material ductility test method and the porous and honeycomb metal compression test method. The Z-axis direction of the sample was set as the compression direction, and the load rate of the compression load was 5 mm/min. In a finite element simulation of the compression test, a compression force-displacement curve was recorded. The ratio of the actual compressive force applied to the sample to its original cross-sectional area during the experiment was taken as the compressive stress, and a compressive stress-strain curve was plotted. And taking an energy value obtained by integrating the area at the end point of the curve platform as absorption energy, and calculating the absorption energy efficiency. And analyzing the deformation and fracture characteristics of the structure through the dynamic response process of finite element analysis.
Wherein, the energy absorption and the energy absorption efficiency are calculated according to the following formulas respectively:
in the formula: w is the absorbed energy (MJ/m)3)；weIs absorption energy efficiency (%); σ is compressive stress (N/mm)2)；e0Upper limit of compressive strain (here 20%); sigma0Compressive stress (N/mm) corresponding to the upper limit of compressive strain2)。
In the invention, a lattice type micro-truss structure composed of two-dimensional lattice structure units with single orientation is designed, and the lattice type micro-truss structure is called a single crystal type micro-truss structure in consideration that the specific structure has no definite noun definition. The two-dimensional lattice type micro-truss structure unit comprises a square unit, a triangular unit, a hexagonal unit, a Chinese character 'mi' -shaped unit 1, a Kagome unit, a rectangular unit and the like. In the invention, a Mi-shaped unit 1 is mainly selected to design a lattice type micro-truss structure, as shown in figure 1.
In the following embodiments or examples, unless otherwise indicated, all materials or processing techniques are shown as conventional in the art.
The invention provides a composite energy absorption structure based on a Mi-shaped unit twin crystal type micro-truss structure, which is shown in a figure 3-figure 5, and consists of a plurality of layers of twin crystal type micro-truss structures subjected to 3D printing layer by layer along the Z-axis direction, wherein the lattice type micro-truss structure consisting of two-dimensional lattice structure units in single orientation is defined as a single crystal type micro-truss structure, the twin crystal type micro-truss structure consists of two twin crystal type micro-truss areas 2 taking a central line as a symmetrical line, the two twin crystal type micro-truss areas 2 are formed by respectively rotating left and right single crystal type micro-truss structures taking the central line as the symmetrical line around the Z-axis in opposite directions and at the same angle, and the two-dimensional lattice array structure unit is a Mi-shaped unit 1.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the angle of rotation is 7.5 °, 15 °, 22.5 °, 30 °, 37.5 ° or 42.5 °. More preferably, the angle of rotation is 7.5 ° or 15 °.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the printing material used for the twin crystal type micro-truss structure is a PLA material.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the dimension parameters of the twin crystal type micro-truss structure are as follows: length × width × height is 49mm × 49mm × 50 mm. Further, the dimensional parameters of each meter-shaped unit 1 are as follows: length × width × height ═ 7mm × 7mm × 7 mm. More preferably, the unit 1 is formed by connecting the same nodes in a row by the connecting rods 4. More preferably, the thickness of the connecting rod 4 is 1 mm.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the line of symmetry serves as the common boundary 3 of the two-part twin crystal micro-truss region 2.
The above embodiments may be implemented individually, or in any combination of two or more.
The above embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a composite energy absorption structure based on a double-crystal-form micro-truss structure of a Mi-shaped unit, a PLA material is used as a 3D printing material, the structure of the composite energy absorption structure is shown in figures 3-5, the composite energy absorption structure is composed of a plurality of layers of double-crystal-form micro-truss structures which are subjected to 3D printing layer by layer along the Z-axis direction, the lattice-form micro-truss structure composed of two-dimensional lattice structure units in single orientation is defined as a single-crystal-form micro-truss structure, the double-crystal-form micro-truss structure is formed by two twin-crystal-form micro-truss areas 2 which take a central line as a symmetrical line, the two-crystal-form micro-truss areas 2 are formed by left and right single-crystal-form micro-truss structures which take the central line as a symmetrical line and rotate around the Z-axis in opposite directions and at the same angle, and the two-dimensional lattice structure units are Mi-shaped units 1.
In the specific design process of this embodiment, the dimensional parameters of the cited single-crystal micro-truss structure are length × width × height, which is 49mm × 49mm × 50mm, and the [100], [010] directions (i.e., the x-axis and y-axis of the two-dimensional lattice) of the structural units are consistent with the X, Y-axis direction in the global coordinate system of the finite element analysis. The dimension parameters of the meter-shaped unit 1 are length × width × height ═ 7mm × 7mm × 7mm, the width of the connecting rod 4 is 1mm, and the connecting rod 4 and the same nodes are arranged and connected to form a complete structure, as shown in fig. 2. The single-crystal micro-truss structure respectively comprises 8 two-dimensional lattice structure units (namely the Mi-shaped units 1) along the X direction and the Y direction, correspondingly and respectively comprises 8 nodes, totally comprises 64 two-dimensional lattice structure units, each node is the central point of the Mi-shaped unit 1, and two adjacent Mi-shaped units 1 share the connecting rod 4 of the boundary.
A lattice type micro-truss structure composed of two-dimensional lattice structure units in symmetrical orientation is designed and is called a twin crystal type micro-truss structure. On the basis of the large single-crystal type micro-truss structure, the two symmetrical areas with the same size are considered to be divided into a left symmetrical area and a right symmetrical area by taking a central line as a symmetrical line, so that two small symmetrical single-crystal type micro-truss structures are formed, and the corresponding dimensional parameter change is 25mm multiplied by 49mm multiplied by 50 mm. Next, the orientation of the lattice unit in the two adjacent regions of the single crystal type micro-truss structure is adjusted, and a common boundary 3 is generated between the two regions, wherein the common boundary 3 is used for simulating a twin boundary between two adjacent grains in the polycrystalline material. If not specifically defined in the present invention, such regions with equal size and symmetrical unit orientation are all called "quasi-grains" (i.e. twin crystal type micro-truss region 2) to correspond to the concept of grains in polycrystalline materials.
Aligning the lattice unit orientation in the crystal grain to perform direction adjustment, specifically, on the basis of the single crystal type micro-truss structure, taking the Z direction as a rotating direction, taking the middle point of the whole model as a rotating reference point, and clockwise rotating the single crystal type micro-truss structure on one side of a symmetry line by 30 degrees to form a quasi-crystal grain on the left side of the twin crystal type micro-truss structure; and rotating the single crystal type micro-truss structure on the other side of the symmetry line by 30 degrees anticlockwise in the same rotating direction and the same reference point to form a quasi-crystal grain on the right side of the twin crystal type micro-truss structure. According to the modeling of the method, the formed lattice units are in mirror symmetry at the left side and the right side of the common boundary 3 to form a twin crystal type micro-truss structure, as shown in fig. 3, wherein the mirror boundary (namely the common boundary 3) can be used for simulating a twin crystal boundary. And in the rotating process, removing the part exceeding the boundary of the twin crystal type micro-truss area due to rotation, and supplementing and filling the vacant part.
According to this method, the present embodiment can set the rotation angle to six kinds of 7.5 °, 15 °, 22.5 °, 30 °, 37.5 °, and 42.5 °, thereby forming a twin crystal angle twice as large as the rotation angle, where θ is the twin crystal angle, and θ is the rotation angle
Then there is
The two-dimensional lattice structure unit forming the twin crystal type micro-truss structure is a Chinese character mi-shaped unit 1, and the dimension parameters of the twin crystal type micro-truss structure are 49mm multiplied by 50 mm. The dimension parameters of the meter-shaped unit 1 are 7mm multiplied by 7mm, and the width of the connecting rod 4 is 1 mm. Of note are structural units of[100]、[010]The directions (i.e., the x-axis and y-axis of the two-dimensional lattice) no longer coincide with the X, Y-axis directions in the global coordinate system of the finite element analysis.
The performance of each mi-shaped unit micro-truss structure obtained in the above embodiment was tested, wherein fig. 6 to 9 are compression stress-strain curves of the mi-shaped unit micro-truss structures at different rotation angles, and fig. 10 is a graph showing the energy absorption and energy absorption efficiency of the mi-shaped unit twin crystal type micro-truss structure in the compression process along with the rotation angle
In the graph of the variation relationship of (a), when θ is 15 ° and θ is 30 ° (i.e., the rotation angle) in all the values of the twin crystal angle
And
) In the process, the first peak value of the high compressive strength is provided, and meanwhile, the high stress level can be still maintained in the platform area, so that the good energy absorption efficiency is ensured, and the method is a more preferable scheme.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A composite energy absorption structure based on a Mi-shaped unit twin crystal type micro-truss structure is characterized by being composed of a plurality of layers of twin crystal type micro-truss structures subjected to 3D printing layer by layer along the Z-axis direction, a lattice type micro-truss structure composed of two-dimensional lattice structure units in single orientation is defined to be a single crystal type micro-truss structure, the twin crystal type micro-truss structure comprises two twin crystal type micro-truss areas taking a central line as a symmetrical line, the two twin crystal type micro-truss areas are formed by respectively rotating left and right single crystal type micro-truss structures taking the central line as the symmetrical line around the Z axis in opposite directions and at the same angle, and the two-dimensional lattice structure units are Mi-shaped units.
2. The composite energy absorbing structure based on the Mie-shaped unit twin crystal type micro-truss structure is characterized in that the rotation angle is 7.5 degrees, 15 degrees, 22.5 degrees, 30 degrees, 37.5 degrees or 42.5 degrees.
3. The composite energy absorbing structure based on the Mi-shaped unit twin crystal type micro-truss structure is characterized in that the rotation angle is 7.5 degrees or 15 degrees.
4. The composite energy absorbing structure based on the Mi-font unit twin crystal type micro-truss structure is characterized in that the printing material used for the twin crystal type micro-truss structure is a PLA material.
5. The composite energy absorbing structure based on the Mi-font unit twin crystal type micro-truss structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dimension parameters of the twin crystal type micro-truss structure are as follows: length × width × height is 49mm × 49mm × 50 mm.
6. The composite energy-absorbing structure based on the twin crystal type micro-truss structure with the Mi-shaped units as claimed in claim 5, wherein the dimensional parameters of each Mi-shaped unit are as follows: length × width × height ═ 7mm × 7mm × 7 mm.
7. The composite energy-absorbing structure based on the twin crystal type micro-truss structure with the Mi-shaped units as claimed in claim 6, wherein the Mi-shaped units are connected by the same nodes arranged by connecting rods.
8. The composite energy absorbing structure based on the Mi-shaped unit twin crystal type micro-truss structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein the thickness of the connecting rod is 1 mm.
9. The composite energy absorbing structure based on the Mie-shaped unit twin crystal type micro-truss structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the symmetry line is used as a common boundary of two parts of twin crystal type micro-truss regions.
10. The 3D printing method of the composite energy absorbing structure based on the Mi-shaped unit twin crystal type micro-truss structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps:
and taking the surface of the twin crystal type micro-truss structure as an X-Y plane and the height direction thereof as a Z axis, and then printing the twin crystal type micro-truss structure layer by layer along the Z axis direction.
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| US10232583B2 (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2019-03-19 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Sparse truss structures and methods of making the same |
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| CN104376155A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-25 | 湖南萌境智能三维技术有限公司 | Micro truss structure design platform and method |
| CN108009336A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of micro- truss structure carrying and the Multipurpose Optimal Method of thermal protection structure |
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