CN113178628B - Lithium ion battery module and health state monitoring method thereof - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery module and health state monitoring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113178628B CN113178628B CN202110420787.7A CN202110420787A CN113178628B CN 113178628 B CN113178628 B CN 113178628B CN 202110420787 A CN202110420787 A CN 202110420787A CN 113178628 B CN113178628 B CN 113178628B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to a lithium ion battery module and a health state monitoring method thereof, wherein in the cycle process of a lithium battery, the thickness of the lithium ion battery module is gradually increased along with the increase of the cycle life, and the increase of the expansion force in the battery module is reflected in the battery module bound by a binding band. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of accurate monitoring of the capacity retention rate of the battery, simple calculation and small calculated amount.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lithium ion battery module and a health state monitoring method thereof, belonging to the technical field of lithium ion battery health state monitoring.
Background
Most lithium ion batteries need to be combined in the using process, a plurality of battery monomers are cascaded to form a battery pack or a battery module, and the plurality of battery modules form a battery system. Generally, the battery modules are used as the smallest monitored units, and are independently controlled by charging and discharging to ensure the balance among the battery modules and monitored by the state of health. The health state of the lithium ion battery cannot be accurately measured and calculated due to the inherent difference among individuals and the influence of factors such as individual temperature difference, charge and discharge current distribution difference and the like in the circulation process.
Currently, to monitor the life of lithium ion batteries, the industry typically analyzes the state of health of lithium ion batteries from two dimensions:
(1) observing internal reaction change conditions such as loss of active lithium ions, material lattice collapse and the like based on an electrochemical mechanism; (2) based on the external characteristics of the battery, observing external characteristic parameters such as use environment, voltage, current, internal resistance and the like to evaluate the health state of the battery system; in BMS (battery management system) practical applications, however, the first dimension observation value is mainly used in laboratories because it is not easily observed in practical application scenarios. The measurement value of the second dimension is relatively easy to detect, so that the analysis based on the external characteristics of the battery system becomes the main direction of the current SOH estimation, but the direction has more influence factors, so that the calculation error of the SOH value of the battery is larger, the guiding significance for the use of a client is smaller, and the result cannot truly reflect the health state of lithium ions; in addition, the algorithm is complex, which causes great difficulty in application and popularization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lithium ion battery module and a health state monitoring method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of large error and complex calculation of the existing battery health state monitoring.
In order to achieve the above object, the scheme of the invention comprises:
the invention relates to a lithium ion battery module which comprises two end plates and battery monomers densely arranged between the two end plates, wherein the two end plates are fixed through a fixing piece; the battery monomers are sequentially cascaded, and the direction in which the two end plates are connected is defined as the axial direction; a monitoring diaphragm is arranged between at least one of the two end plates and the corresponding adjacent battery monomer, or a monitoring diaphragm is arranged between at least one group of battery monomers which are adjacent in the axial direction;
the monitoring diaphragm comprises a flexible shell, an extrusion structure and a strain conductor, the strain conductor is embedded in the flexible shell, and two wiring terminals of the strain conductor are used for connecting a battery management system; the extrusion structure is arranged on the soft shell and at least one part of the extrusion structure is overlapped with the strain conductor, and the extrusion structure is made of a material harder than the soft shell.
The monitoring membrane is arranged in the battery module (between the battery monomer or between the battery monomer and the end plate), the monitoring membrane is provided with a flexible outer package structure and a built-in strain gauge, and the flexible outer package can be made of rubber and the like and can be compressed when being extruded. Still be provided with stereoplasm extrusion structure in the monitoring diaphragm, for example the bigger gluey nail of hardness, gluey piece, adhesive tape or micelle, extrusion structure and foil gage position overlap, specifically can bury underground in soft outsourcing structure's inside, also can set up the surperficial outside at soft outsourcing. When the monitoring diaphragm is extruded, because of hardness difference, the deformation of other parts of the soft outer package is greater than that of the extrusion structure, the extrusion structure further extrudes the part of the strain gauge overlapped with the strain gauge, so that the strain gauge deforms, the internal resistance changes, the change is acquired by the battery control system through electrical parameters, and the change of the internal pressure of the battery module can be reflected.
The method calculates the health state and the service life of the battery based on the characteristic that the lithium battery expands after being attenuated and the pressure (expansion force) inside the battery module fixed by the end plate changes. The electrolyte is decomposed and gasified in the using process of the lithium battery to cause the battery to bulge, so that the battery expansion can accurately reflect the using and attenuation conditions of the battery, the calculation amount of the method is small, and the monitoring is accurate.
Further, the extrusion structure is an extrusion strip, and the extrusion strip and the strain conductor have at least one intersection.
Extrusion structure adopts strip extrusion structure, can accurately make foil gage deformation under the condition that the bulging force increases with the crossed condition of foil gage, can not empty or crowd partially when receiving the extrusion.
Further, the area of the monitoring diaphragm is the same as that of the end plate; the flexible shell is made of insulating materials.
The cross-sectional areas of the monitoring diaphragm and the battery module are the same, the expansion change of any part of any battery monomer can be accurately collected, so that the condition that the expansion force is increased is avoided, and the condition that the expansion force is not accurately collected or cannot be collected is avoided. Meanwhile, the monitoring diaphragm can also isolate the single battery and the end plate at two sides of the position, so that on one hand, insulation is realized, and on the other hand, collision buffering and abrasion caused by vibration are realized.
Furthermore, the strain conductor comprises a plurality of straight line segments which are arranged in the monitoring membrane in parallel, and the straight line segments are connected through a turn-back segment; and the extrusion strips are vertical to the straight line sections and are uniformly distributed in the monitoring membrane.
The strain gauges are turned back and uniformly arranged in the same direction in the monitoring diaphragm, and the strip-shaped extrusion structures are transversely and uniformly arranged in the direction perpendicular to the strip-shaped extrusion structures, so that the sensitivity and the sensing accuracy of the monitoring diaphragm on expansive force monitoring are further improved.
Furthermore, each battery monomer is bonded and fixed, and monitoring diaphragms are arranged between the two end plates and the adjacent battery monomers.
Bond together between the battery monomer, set up the monitoring diaphragm between two end plates and battery monomer, battery monomer bulging force transmits two end plate departments each other, gather battery bulging force in end plate department, and simultaneously, the monitoring diaphragm that sets up between battery and the end plate adopts the soft rubber shell of non-conducting, insulation and buffering between end plate and the battery monomer have been satisfied, the needs of preventing wearing and tearing, a thing is dual-purpose, the insulating buffer cushion of former establishing between end plate and the battery monomer has been replaced.
According to the relation between the acting force and the reacting force, the expansion force applied to the two end plates should be equal theoretically, but because the expansion positions of the battery cells are different, and the extrusion positions and the areas of the monitoring diaphragms are different, the resistance (voltage or current) values or the variable quantities of the two monitoring diaphragms are different, and during specific data acquisition and processing, data processing modes such as averaging or maximum value acquisition can be adopted for processing.
Furthermore, only monitoring membranes are arranged between any two adjacent battery monomers, and only monitoring membranes are arranged between two end plates and the adjacent battery monomers.
All set up the monitoring diaphragm between the battery monomer, between battery monomer and the end plate, replace former insulating blotter, the change of bulging force in the battery module is gathered nearby to all-round simultaneously. According to the output value or the output value variation of each monitoring membrane, which one or more battery monomers in the battery module have larger expansion force can be analyzed, so that the attenuation and the health state of the battery module are monitored, and the battery monomers can be further analyzed to be more seriously attenuated.
Further, the fixing piece is a binding band wound on the two end plates along the axial direction.
The health state monitoring method of the lithium ion battery module comprises the following steps:
1) Collecting and monitoring the resistance of a strain conductor in the membrane;
2) Obtaining the current battery expansion force according to the corresponding relation between the pre-obtained resistance of the strain conductor and the expansion force of the battery module;
3) And obtaining the current battery capacity retention rate according to the corresponding relation between the expansion force of the battery module and the capacity retention rate which is obtained in advance.
According to the method, the change of the expansion force after the battery is attenuated is utilized, the health state of the battery module can be conveniently and accurately estimated, and the phenomenon of large SOH (health value) estimation error caused by the influence of factors such as individual difference of battery cores, external environment difference and current difference is reduced.
Further, if there are a plurality of monitoring diaphragms, in step 2), the correspondence between the resistance of the strain conductor and the expansion force of the battery module, which is obtained in advance, is the correspondence between the average value of the resistances of the strain conductors and the expansion force of the battery module.
The plurality of strain conductors are arranged, the average value of output values of the plurality of strain conductors is taken, the change of the expansion force of the battery module can be reflected more accurately and globally, and the health state monitoring result is more accurate.
Further, in step 1), the method for collecting and monitoring the resistance of the strain conductor in the diaphragm comprises: the battery management system obtains the resistance of the strain conductor through the voltage at two ends of the strain conductor and the current flowing through the strain conductor; alternatively, the change in the resistance of the strained conductor is obtained by a change in the voltage across the strained conductor or a change in the current flowing through the strained conductor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lithium ion battery module of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another aspect of the lithium ion battery module of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a monitoring diaphragm disposed in a lithium ion battery module according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a monitoring diaphragm of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a lithium battery module life monitoring system of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a monitoring diaphragm disposed in a lithium ion battery module according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method for monitoring the state of health of a lithium ion battery module of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a graph of the swelling force versus capacity retention for a battery of the present invention.
The figure includes: 11. an end plate; 12. a battery cell; 13. binding bands; 14. collecting a plate; 20. monitoring the membrane; 21. strain wires; 22. extruding the adhesive tape; 23. a silica gel shell; 101. a conductive bar; 102. a negative terminal; 103. a positive terminal; 121. a battery cell anode; 122. a battery cell cathode; 123. positioning blocks; 141. collecting the output end of the plate; 142. positioning holes; 211. a strain wire output end; 212. a first straight line segment; 213. a turning section; 214. a second straight line segment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the module comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the lithium ion battery module is composed of an end plate 11 and a plurality of battery cells 12, the battery cells 12 are stacked and closely arranged, and are sequentially connected in series through a conductive bar 101 to form a battery pack, the battery cells 12 at two ends of the battery pack respectively have a battery cell positive electrode 121 and a battery cell negative electrode 122 as a positive output end and a negative output end of the battery pack, and the positive output end and the negative output end are respectively welded with a positive terminal 103 and a negative terminal 102. The two ends of the battery pack are buckled with end plates 11, and the whole battery pack is bound and fixed by a binding belt 13 to form a battery module. The top of the battery module is also provided with an acquisition board 14 for controlling the routing of the wires, the signal wires and the acquisition wires. In order to clearly show the top structure of the battery module, the collecting plate 14 and a part of the conductive bar 101 are omitted in fig. 2, and a convex positioning block 123 is disposed between the cell positive electrode 121 and the cell negative electrode 122 on the top of the battery cell 12 for positioning the collecting plate 14.
As shown in fig. 3, a monitoring diaphragm 20 is disposed between the battery cells 12 in the battery module, and for the sake of clarity, a part of the battery cells 12 and other components of the battery module are omitted in fig. 3. The monitoring membrane 20 is clamped between the two battery cells 12, one monitoring membrane 20 is arranged between at least two adjacent battery cells 12 in one battery module, and because the end plates at the two ends of the battery module are bound and fixed through the binding bands 13, the monitoring membrane 20 is only arranged between the two adjacent battery cells 12 in the whole battery module due to the relation between the acting force and the reacting force and the transmission of the acting force through the battery cells 12, so that the invention can be realized. The output end of the monitoring diaphragm 20 is connected to the collecting plate 14, the collecting plate 14 is provided with a positioning hole 142, and the positioning hole 142 is matched with the positioning block 123 at the top of the battery cell 12, so that the collecting plate 14 is positioned and fixed at the top of the battery cell 12. The output 141 of the acquisition board 14 is connected to the corresponding bus to realize communication with the battery management system.
As shown in fig. 4, the monitoring diaphragm 20 of the battery module of the present invention includes a strain wire 21, an extrusion rubber strip 22, and a silica gel case 23, wherein the strain wire 21 is disposed in the middle of the silica gel case 23, and specifically includes two straight segments (212, 214) and a turn-back segment 213, the first straight segment 212 and the second straight segment 214 are uniformly disposed on the surface of the monitoring diaphragm 20 in parallel and extend as far as possible, and are connected by the turn-back segment 23, the other ends of the two straight segments (212, 214) are correspondingly connected to a strain wire output end 211, and the strain wire output end 211 serves as an output end of the monitoring diaphragm 20. A plurality of extrusion rubber strips 22 are arranged perpendicular to the straight line segments (212, 214), and the extrusion rubber strips 22 penetrate through the surface of the whole monitoring membrane 20 and are distributed on the surface of the monitoring membrane 20 at set intervals or uniformly.
Specifically, silica gel shell 23 comprises the film of two silica gel materials, and two films will be strained silk 21 and press from both sides in the centre, and (inside) is provided with extrusion adhesive tape 22 in the middle of one of them film, and extrusion adhesive tape 22 adopts the silica gel material or other harder soft materials of hard in silica gel shell 23 to realize the deformation extrusion that corresponds strained silk 21, and final two films laminating form monitoring diaphragm 20.
The silicone shell 23 may also be replaced by a soft material such as rubber, PE or PP. The thickness of the silicone shell 23 can be adjusted as needed to achieve adjustment of the stack length of the battery module within a certain range.
The monitoring diaphragms 20 and the collecting plates 14 form a battery module life monitoring system, specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the monitoring diaphragms 20 are arranged between the battery cells 12, and output ends of the monitoring diaphragms 20 are led out from the upper portions thereof, merged into the collecting plates 14 on the upper portions, and collected and connected by the battery management system.
In another embodiment, the monitoring diaphragm 20 is disposed on a surface (inner surface) of the end plate 11 facing the battery cell 12, that is, at least between one end plate 11 and the adjacent battery cell 12, and as shown in fig. 6, the battery cell 12 adjacent to the end plate 11 is hidden to clearly display the monitoring diaphragm 20. Further, all be provided with monitoring diaphragm 20 on the medial surface of two end plates 11, monitoring diaphragm 20 area is the same with end plate 11 volume, no longer sets up insulating pad between end plate 11 and the battery monomer 12 that corresponds adjacent, plays the effect of insulating and buffering by monitoring diaphragm 20, bonds through glue between the battery monomer 12 and is in the same place. In this embodiment, the housing of the monitoring diaphragm 20 is made of a wear-resistant flexible non-conductive material to ensure reliable insulation and prevent wear.
In the most other embodiments, the inner side surfaces of the two end plates 11 are both provided with the monitoring membranes 20, the monitoring membranes 20 are also arranged between every two adjacent single batteries 12, no insulation structure or buffer structure is arranged between the end plate 11 and the corresponding adjacent single battery 12, and meanwhile, no relevant joint edge or buffer structure is arranged between every two adjacent single batteries 12, and relevant insulation and buffering are realized by the monitoring membranes 20.
In the cycle process of the lithium battery, the thickness of the lithium battery is gradually increased along with the increase of the cycle life, the expansion force inside the battery module is reflected to be increased in the battery module bound through the binding band, the monitoring membrane senses the change of the expansion force, and the battery management system or the protection plate collects current or voltage signals passing through strain wires in the monitoring membrane through the collecting plate to identify the cycle times and the health state of the battery.
The method comprises the following steps:
the health state monitoring method of the present invention is suitable for monitoring the health state of a lithium ion battery module as described in the module embodiment.
As shown in fig. 7, the method specifically includes the following steps:
1) The battery management system collects and monitors the resistance of the strain wire 21 in the diaphragm 20; specifically, the resistance of the strain wire 21 can be obtained by the voltage across the strain wire 21 and the current flowing through the strain wire 21;
alternatively, a change in the electrical properties of the strain wire 21 may also be detected, for example a change in the voltage across the strain wire 21 or a change in the current through the strain wire 21, or a further change in the resistance of the strain wire 21 may be detected.
2) Obtaining the expansion force of the current battery module according to the corresponding relation between the resistance of the strain wire 21 and the expansion force of the battery module, which is obtained in advance; the corresponding relation between the resistance of the strain wire 21 and the expansion force of the battery module can be a mapping table obtained through the pre-line subscripting;
if the change of the electrical property of the strain wire 21 is acquired in the step 1), the expansion force of the current battery module is acquired according to the corresponding relationship between the corresponding electrical property of the strain wire 21 and the expansion force of the battery module; the correspondence between the corresponding electrical properties of the strain wire 21 and the expansion force of the battery module may be a relationship curve obtained by preliminary under-line calibration.
3) Obtaining the current battery capacity retention rate according to the corresponding relation between the expansion force of the battery module and the capacity retention rate obtained in advance; the correspondence between the expansion force of the battery module and the capacity retention rate may be a correspondence curve as shown in fig. 8 obtained by preliminary offline calibration.
In the use process of the lithium ion battery, along with the reduction of the service life attenuation, the internal pole piece of the lithium ion battery gradually expands, and the shell releases expansion force outwards, so that the thickness of the lithium ion battery is increased. Based on the method, the invention provides the method for detecting the service life of the lithium battery, and the health state of a battery system can be accurately detected.
The method of the invention utilizes a monitoring diaphragm, the monitoring diaphragm internally contains a conductor which becomes thinner gradually along with the increase of the deformation quantity, and the resistance of the conductor is increased linearly along with the decrease of the thickness of the diaphragm. With the increase of the resistance, the internal signal current, the signal voltage at two ends or the signal resistance value at two ends can change along with the increase of the resistance, and the battery management control system acquires the change value of the electric conductor in the membrane through the acquisition board, calculates the change condition of the electric conductor and further evaluates the health state of the battery. The method disclosed by the invention is simple to calculate, and the obtained capacity retention rate of the lithium battery is accurate.
Claims (7)
1. A lithium ion battery module is characterized by comprising two end plates and battery monomers densely arranged between the two end plates, wherein the two end plates are fixed through a fixing piece; the battery monomers are sequentially cascaded, and the direction in which the two end plates are connected is defined as the axial direction; a monitoring diaphragm is arranged between at least one of the two end plates and the corresponding adjacent battery monomer, or a monitoring diaphragm is arranged between at least one group of battery monomers which are adjacent in the axial direction;
the monitoring diaphragm comprises a flexible shell, an extrusion structure and a strain conductor, the strain conductor is embedded in the flexible shell, and two wiring terminals of the strain conductor are used for connecting a battery management system; the extrusion structure is arranged on the soft shell and at least one part of the extrusion structure is overlapped with the strain conductor, and the material of the extrusion structure is harder than that of the soft shell; the extrusion structure is an extrusion strip; the area of the monitoring diaphragm is the same as that of the end plate; the flexible shell is made of an insulating material; the strain conductor comprises at least two straight line segments, the straight line segments are arranged in the monitoring membrane in parallel, and the straight line segments are connected through a return segment; the extrusion strips are perpendicular to the straight line sections and are uniformly distributed in the monitoring membrane.
2. The lithium ion battery module of claim 1, wherein each battery cell is bonded and fixed, and only the monitoring membrane is arranged between two end plates and the adjacent battery cell.
3. The lithium ion battery module of claim 1, wherein there is and only is a monitoring diaphragm between any two adjacent cells, and there is and only is a monitoring diaphragm between two end plates and the adjacent cell.
4. The lithium ion battery module of claim 2 or 3, wherein the fixing member is a strap wound axially around the two end plates.
5. A method for monitoring the state of health of a lithium ion battery module, for use in a lithium ion battery module of any of claims 1~4, comprising the steps of:
1) Collecting and monitoring the resistance of a strain conductor in the membrane;
2) Obtaining the current battery expansion force according to the corresponding relation between the pre-obtained resistance of the strain conductor and the expansion force of the battery module;
3) And obtaining the current battery capacity retention rate according to the corresponding relation between the expansion force of the battery module and the capacity retention rate obtained in advance.
6. The method for monitoring the state of health according to claim 5, wherein if there are a plurality of monitoring diaphragms, in step 2), the correspondence relationship between the resistance of the strain conductor and the expansion force of the battery module obtained in advance is the correspondence relationship between the average value of the resistances of the strain conductors and the expansion force of the battery module.
7. The method for monitoring the health status according to claim 6, wherein the step 1) of collecting and monitoring the resistance of the strain conductor in the diaphragm comprises the following steps: the battery management system obtains the resistance of the strain conductor through the voltage at the two ends of the strain conductor and the current flowing through the strain conductor; alternatively, the change in the resistance of the strained conductor is obtained by a change in the voltage across the strained conductor or a change in the current flowing through the strained conductor.
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| CN112557931A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-03-26 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Device and method for detecting health degree of metal lithium battery |
| CN112310556A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-02-02 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery module isolation member and assembly method thereof, battery module, battery pack, vehicle and battery expansion monitoring method |
| CN110763378A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-02-07 | 浙江大学 | Wearable flexible touch force sensor |
| CN212182401U (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-12-18 | 郑州深澜动力科技有限公司 | Battery module and expansive force detection device thereof |
| CN111609955A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-01 | 浙江大学 | Flexible touch sensor array and preparation method thereof |
| CN212209689U (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-12-22 | 中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司 | Battery module |
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