CN109546961A - A kind of single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer and its control method - Google Patents
A kind of single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer and its control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109546961A CN109546961A CN201811513194.XA CN201811513194A CN109546961A CN 109546961 A CN109546961 A CN 109546961A CN 201811513194 A CN201811513194 A CN 201811513194A CN 109546961 A CN109546961 A CN 109546961A
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer and its control methods.In optimizer, the input terminal of DC-DC converter is connected to photovoltaic cell, output end passes sequentially through difference over-sampling modulate circuit, A/D module and MPPT algorithm module and is connected to digital pulse-width modulator, and the output end of digital pulse-width modulator is connected to the switching tube of DC-DC converter by driving circuit.Control method includes initializing single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer, detection DC-DC converter output voltage, the switching tube that determines change in duty cycle speed, adjust current duty cycle and be output to DC-DC converter until the output of DC-DC converter reaches maximum power point.The beneficial effects of the present invention are only realize that MPPT control, the requirement to A/D precision, sensor accuracy, controller performance etc. are lower by a voltage sensor.It using the single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer starting of control method of the present invention, regulates the speed faster, low optimization accuracy is higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a kind of single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer and its control
Method.
Background technique
It is the effective ways for solving current energy shortage using clean solar power generation.Master as solar power generation
Want form --- photovoltaic power generation when system meets with the mismatch problems such as local shades block, internal photovoltaic component parameter is inconsistent,
Apparent power loss will occur.Power loss problem under mismatch condition not only reduces photovoltaic generating system in different outsides
Power output range under environment, and increase the risk of photovoltaic generating system operation out of control.For this purpose, research promotes mismatch item
The method of photovoltaic power generation system output power under part to raising photovoltaic generating system efficiency, guarantees that system stable operation has emphatically
It acts on.
Photovoltaic generating system occur under mismatch conditions the reason of obvious power loss it is main there are two: first is that due to mismatch
When photovoltaic generating system output characteristic curve will show multimodal characteristic, traditional MPPT maximum power point tracking (Maximum
Power Point Tracking, MPPT) interference of the algorithm by multiple extreme points, it is difficult to search out global maximum power point；
Second is that voltage corresponding to each maximum power of photovoltaic cell point, electric current are no longer identical when occurring due to mismatch, even if system success
Global maximum power is searched out, the photovoltaic cell of the mutual series and parallel of internal system can not be worked at the same time in respective maximum
Power points cannot give full play to power generation potential.
Distributed MPPT maximum power point tracking (Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking, DMPPT)
Technology is effectively improved under mismatch condition by the way that each piece of photovoltaic cell in photovoltaic generating system is all connected with DC-DC converter
The output power of photovoltaic generating system.With the popularization and development of DMPPT technology, photovoltaic generating system function under mismatch condition is realized
A variety of DC-DC converters of rate optimization function are suggested.For convenience of studying and applying, researcher and engineering staff propose light
This concept of optimizer is lied prostrate, calls this kind of converter with unified.
Existing photovoltaic optimizer mostly uses the MPPT of the technology maturations such as fixed voltage method, perturbation observation method, conductance increment method
Algorithm.Wherein it is most widely used again with the photovoltaic optimizer based on perturbation observation method.Photovoltaic optimization based on perturbation observation method
Device, device inside include voltage sensor and current sensor simultaneously.To further decrease system cost, researcher is proposed
Single-sensor photovoltaic optimizer this concept.Compare with traditional photovoltaic optimizer, single-sensor photovoltaic optimizer because reduce
The quantity of sensor and apparent cost advantage is shown in DMPPT technology.
Existing single-sensor photovoltaic optimizer needs many and diverse comparison to be just able to achieve with accurately operation as support mostly
Control, compared to conventional photovoltaic optimizer, the requirement to hardware precision, controller performance etc. is all higher；It is existing to cause
The cost of single-sensor photovoltaic optimizer is generally higher, has seriously undermined its cost advantage compared to conventional photovoltaic optimizer,
Greatly limit the practical application and popularization of single-sensor photovoltaic optimizer.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer and its control method, guarantees that it is taking into account speed of searching optimization
With the disadvantage for overcoming existing single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer high expensive, control complicated under the premise of precision.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer, including DC-DC converter；The input terminal of the DC-DC converter connects
It is connected to photovoltaic cell, output end passes sequentially through difference over-sampling modulate circuit, A/D module and MPPT algorithm module and is connected to digital arteries and veins
Wide modulator, the output end of digital pulse-width modulator are connected to the switching tube of the DC-DC converter by driving circuit.
Further, the DC-DC converter be Boost, quadratic form Boost, Buck converter or
One Buck-Boost converter body.
A kind of control method of single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer, comprising:
Step 1: initialization single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer: setting duty ratio initial value D0, change in duty cycle speed k1、
Adjust the speed threshold value A, change in duty cycle speed k2, stable state threshold value B and location factor i=1；Wherein, k1>k2；
Step 2: detection DC-DC converter output voltage Vo(n), Δ V is calculatedo(n)=Vo(n)-Vo(n-1)；Wherein, n is
Output voltage sampled point；
Step 3: determining change in duty cycle speed k: such as | Δ Vo(n) | >=A enables k=k1；Such as | Δ Vo(n) | < A enables k=
k2；
Step 4: such as | Δ Vo(n) |<>0, then adjusting current duty cycle is D (n)=D (n-1)+ik Δ t, and is output to DC-
The switching tube of DC converter, return step 2 keep current after the output of DC-DC converter reaches maximum power point later
Duty ratio；Wherein, Δ t is the interval time of D (n) and D (n-1)；
After the output of step 5:DC-DC converter reaches maximum power point, Δ V is continued to monitoro(n), as | Δ Vo(n) | >=
When B, then adjusting current duty cycle is D (n)=D (n-1)+ik Δ t, and is output to the switching tube of DC-DC converter, laggard one
Step calculates and judges Δ Vo(n): such as Δ Vo(n) > 0, then i=1 is enabled；Such as Δ Vo(n) < 0, then i=-1 is enabled；Return step 4 later.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. the present invention only realizes MPPT control by a voltage sensor, to A/D precision, sensor accuracy, control
The requirement of device performance etc. is lower.
2. the single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer starting of application control method of the present invention is regulated the speed faster, optimizing essence
Du Genggao.
3. the present invention acquisition photovoltaic module optimizer output voltage controlled, system need to successive load voltage into
The occasion of row monitoring can be further reduced the use of sensor.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the circuit topological structure and control schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 2 is the comparison of the present invention and efficiency under the optimizer different illumination conditions based on perturbation observation method in embodiment one
Figure.
Fig. 3 is that optimizer starts velocity contrast's figure, and wherein a, b are respectively to compare in starting rate process, and the present invention is implemented
Example one and optimizer embodiment a period of time based on perturbation observation method, the analogous diagram of converter output power.
Fig. 4 is that optimizer steady state power vibrates comparison diagram, and wherein a, b are respectively to compare in steady state power oscillatory process, this
Inventive embodiments one and optimizer embodiment a period of time based on perturbation observation method, the analogous diagram of converter output power.
Fig. 5 is optimizer adjustment time comparison diagram, and wherein a, b are respectively during comparing adjustment time, and the present invention is implemented
Example one and optimizer embodiment a period of time based on perturbation observation method, the analogous diagram of converter output power.
Fig. 6 is the circuit topological structure and control schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention two.
Specific embodiment
Single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer provided by the invention, including DC-DC converter, difference over-sampling modulate circuit,
Digitial controller and driving circuit.Wherein: the input terminal of DC-DC converter connects photovoltaic cell, and by adjusting photovoltaic cell
Output voltage realize MPPT.
Difference over-sampling modulate circuit is used to acquire the analog signal of DC-DC converter output voltage, and is passed to number
Controller.Digitial controller is input with the analog signal of DC-DC converter output voltage, is output with PWM waveform.Driving electricity
Road carries out power amplification by the PWM waveform that exports digitial controller, with drive in DC-DC converter the conducting of switching tube with
Shutdown, and then realize MPPT.
Digitial controller includes A/D (analog-to-digital conversion) module, MPPT algorithm module and digital pulse-width modulator module.Its
In: the analog signal of difference over-sampling modulate circuit DC-DC converter output voltage collected is switched to digital letter by A/D module
Number.
MPPT algorithm module is input with the digital signal of converter output voltage, is with the duty cycle signals of real-time change
Output.The duty cycle signals that MPPT algorithm module exports are modulated to corresponding PWM waveform by digital pulse-width modulator module.
Embodiment one
Fig. 1 is shown, a kind of specific embodiment of the invention are as follows: basic Boost type single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer
And its self-adaptation control method.Device includes basic Boost, difference over-sampling modulate circuit, digitial controller and driving
Circuit.
Wherein, the output end of the input terminal connection photovoltaic cell of converter, it is real by adjusting the output voltage of photovoltaic cell
Existing MPPT.Sample circuit acquires the analog signal of converter output voltage, and is passed to digitial controller.Digitial controller packet
Include A/D (analog-to-digital conversion) module, MPPT algorithm module and digital pulse-width modulator module.Wherein, difference is sampled and is adjusted by A/D module
The analog signal of reason circuit Boost output voltage collected is converted to corresponding digital signal.MPPT algorithm mould
Block is input with the digital signal of converter output voltage, is output with the duty cycle signals of real-time change.Digital pulse width modulation
The duty cycle signals that MPPT algorithm module exports are modulated to corresponding PWM waveform by device module.Driving circuit is by will be digital
The PWM waveform of controller output carries out power amplification with the conducting and cut-off of driving transducer switching tube.
The working process and principle of this example device are:
After photovoltaic optimizer is started to work, initialization process is carried out to system first.Initialization process includes: setting duty
The initial value of ratio crosses change in duty cycle speed before threshold value, speed regulation threshold value, crosses change in duty cycle speed, location factor after threshold value, empties
Output voltage sampled data etc..
The initial value design of duty ratio is D0 in this example, and change in duty cycle speed is set as k before crossing threshold value1, adjust the speed threshold value and set
It is set to A, change in duty cycle speed is set as k after crossing threshold value2, location factor initial value design is i=1.Wherein, k1≈10k2.Initially
Digitial controller control duty ratio uniformly increases after changing operation.Duty ratio uniformly it is increased during, difference sample circuit acquisition
Boost output voltage Vo(n) and by digitial controller Δ V is calculatedo(n)=Vo(n)-Vo(n-1)。
The adaptive adjustment of change in duty cycle speed is by comparing Δ V inside digitial controllero(n) absolute value with it is set
The duty ratio speed regulation threshold value A set is realized.ΔVo(n) when absolute value is greater than A, change in duty cycle speed keeps initial setting
Value k1.Opposite, Δ Vo(n) when absolute value is less than A, the pace of change of duty ratio becomes k2.During optimal duty ratio is found
ΔVo(n) when being zero, show that system reaches maximum power point, stop the update of duty ratio and store the value of current duty cycle.
When illumination significant change, significant change occurs for converter output voltage.When being more than stable state threshold value B, duty ratio is controlled
Continue to increase and detects Δ Vo(n) to judge the position where current duty cycle.Specifically: Δ during being increased by duty ratio
Vo(n) sign determination current duty cycle position.If Δ Vo(n) > 0, then optimal duty ratio is located on the right side of current duty cycle.
Control duty ratio is continued growing to find optimal duty ratio, and position parameter i remains 1.If Δ Vo(n) < 0, then optimal duty ratio
On the left of current duty cycle.Control duty ratio continues to reduce to find optimal duty ratio, and position parameter i becomes -1.System exists
After determining current duty cycle position, the optimal duty ratio for carrying out a new round is found.System circulation work, can be realized any outside
The accurate maximal power tracing of photovoltaic cell under environment.
Converter input capacitance C in this examplei, converter output capacitance CoValue be 220 μ F.Filter inductance L value is 680 μ
H.Switching tube S selects MOSFET, switching frequency 10kHz.
Fig. 2 is that optimizer tracks efficiency comparative's figure.Known by simulation waveform, tracking effect of the present invention under different illumination conditions
Rate is all remarkably higher than the photovoltaic optimizer based on perturbation observation method.
Fig. 3 is that optimizer starts velocity contrast's figure, and wherein a, b are respectively to compare in starting rate process, and the present invention is implemented
Example one and optimizer embodiment a period of time based on perturbation observation method, the analogous diagram of converter output power.Known by simulation waveform, this
System 18ms reaches stable state in invention start-up course, and the photovoltaic optimizer system 730ms based on perturbation observation method reaches stable state.
Comparison is it is found that the present invention has starting speed faster.
Fig. 4 is that optimizer steady state power vibrates comparison diagram, and wherein a, b are respectively to compare in steady state power oscillatory process, this
Inventive embodiments one and optimizer embodiment a period of time based on perturbation observation method, the analogous diagram of converter output power.By emulating
Known to waveform: system output power is stablized in 175.5W when stable state of the present invention；Photovoltaic optimizer system based on perturbation observation method
Output power fluctuates between 173W to 175W when stable state.Comparison is it is found that steady state power oscillation of the invention is smaller.
Fig. 5 is optimizer adjustment time comparison diagram, and wherein a, b are respectively during comparing adjustment time, and the present invention is implemented
Example one and optimizer embodiment a period of time based on perturbation observation method, the analogous diagram of converter output power.From simulation waveform:
In intensity of illumination by 1000W/m2Rapid drawdown is 600W/m2When, the adjustment time that present system restores stable state is 45ms；Based on disturbing
The adjustment time that the photovoltaic optimizer system of dynamic observation restores stable state is 500ms.Comparison it is found that adjustment time of the invention more
It is short.
Embodiment two
The embodiment of the present invention two is a difference in that as shown in fig. 6, this example is basically the same as the first embodiment: this example control
Converter is quadratic form Boost.Compared with embodiment one, because the converter of this example significantly improves voltage transmission ratio,
So the occasion preferably applied in wide scope input, high voltage gain requirement.
The present invention removes the Boost and quadratic form Boost that can be used in above embodiments, it can also be used to
Buck converter, One Buck-Boost converter body and its a variety of DC-DC converters topology derived.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer, which is characterized in that including DC-DC converter；The DC-DC converter
Input terminal is connected to photovoltaic cell, and output end passes sequentially through difference over-sampling modulate circuit, A/D module is connected with MPPT algorithm module
Output end to digital pulse-width modulator, digital pulse-width modulator is connected to opening for the DC-DC converter by driving circuit
Guan Guan.
2. a kind of single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the DC-DC converter
For Boost, quadratic form Boost, Buck converter or One Buck-Boost converter body.
3. a kind of control method of single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer characterized by comprising
Step 1: initialization single-sensor photovoltaic module optimizer: setting duty ratio initial value D0, change in duty cycle speed k1, speed regulation
Threshold value A, change in duty cycle speed k2, stable state threshold value B and location factor i=1；Wherein, k1>k2；
Step 2: detection DC-DC converter output voltage Vo(n), Δ V is calculatedo(n)=Vo(n)-Vo(n-1)；Wherein, n is output
Voltage sample point；
Step 3: determining change in duty cycle speed k: such as | Δ Vo(n) | >=A enables k=k1；Such as | Δ Vo(n) | < A enables k=k2；
Step 4: such as | Δ Vo(n) |<>0, then adjusting current duty cycle is D (n)=D (n-1)+ik Δ t, and is output to DC-DC change
The switching tube of parallel operation, return step 2 keep current duty after the output of DC-DC converter reaches maximum power point later
Than；Wherein, Δ t is the interval time of D (n) and D (n-1)；
After the output of step 5:DC-DC converter reaches maximum power point, Δ V is continued to monitoro(n), as | Δ Vo(n) | when >=B,
Then adjusting current duty cycle is D (n)=D (n-1)+ik Δ t, and is output to the switching tube of DC-DC converter, is further counted later
Calculate and judge Δ Vo(n): such as Δ Vo(n) > 0, then i=1 is enabled；Such as Δ Vo(n) < 0, then i=-1 is enabled；Return step 4 later.
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| CN110224668A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-09-10 | 上海空间电源研究所 | A kind of tandem type MPPT energy management system |
| CN113659929A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-11-16 | 阳光新能源开发有限公司 | Photovoltaic power generation system, state detection device of photovoltaic module and abnormal positioning method |
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