CN102545697A - Maximum power point tracking controller of photovoltaic assembly and photovoltaic assembly system - Google Patents
Maximum power point tracking controller of photovoltaic assembly and photovoltaic assembly system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a maximum power point tracking controller of a photovoltaic assembly and a photovoltaic assembly system with the maximum power point tracking controller. The maximum power point tracking controller comprises a signal collection part used for collecting voltage signals and current signals, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) used for converting analog signals to digital signals, a micro controller unit (MCU) (23), a switching tube and a direct current to direct current (DC-DC) network. The maximum power point tracking controller can lead the photovoltaic assembly system with the controller to accurately, timely and effectively track a maximum power point, and improves power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic assembly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the photovoltaic power generation technology field, relate in particular to the MPPT maximum power point tracking controller of photovoltaic module and use the photovoltaic module system of this controller.
Background technology
In photovoltaic module; The variation of (radiation intensity, assembly temperature, ambient temperature, shade block, hot spot etc.) because environmental condition; The operating state of photovoltaic module is also changing at any time; Want to obtain array or assembly to the maximum power output of load, must carry out the MPPT maximum power point tracking (Maximum Power Point Tracking is called for short MPPT) under the real-time status condition photovoltaic module.
MPPT control come down to a dynamic optimization process, through detection, obtain the present output power of photovoltaic module to photovoltaic module current output voltage and electric current; It is compared with previous moment power; Then according to comparative result, change the working point, make its to maximum power point constantly near; So repeatedly, near the very small region reaching maximum power point.
At present, the MPPT technology is used widely in photovoltaic module.The MPPT control system mainly contains software control and is made up of DC-to-dc (DC-DC) translation circuit two parts that (Boost) or step-down (Buck) circuit that boosts is formed.Wherein software control has crucial effects to MPPT.
Present MPPT control mode has multiple; But mainly containing, basic control mode decides voltage-tracing method (CVT; Constant voltage Tracking), disturbance observation method (P&O, Perturbation and observation method); Conductance increment method (Incremental conductance method), other control mode all is on the basis of above three kinds of control modes, to have done suitable improvement.
Decide the voltage-tracing method and be a kind of maximum power point-tracing control method that operating voltage Um and open circuit voltage Uoc when utilizing the photovoltaic module Maximum Power Output exist approximate this characteristic of proportionate relationship to control.This way is simple, can not successfully manage but cause power to float to variations in temperature.Therefore can only follow the tracks of less being used roughly.The control method of deciding the voltage-tracing method is following:
Make Um=a*Uoc (a=0.70--0.83),
If U Um real work point on the left of maximum power point,
If U=Um real work point is at maximum power point,
If U>Um real work point is on the maximum power point right side.
The disturbance observation is the situation of change of coming comparison circuit adjustment front and back output power of photovoltaic module and output voltage through the operating state of continuous adjusting MPPT circuit; Adjust the work of MPPT circuit again according to situation of change; Photovoltaic module is operated near the maximum power point, and the MPPT circuit changes the output voltage or the electric current of photovoltaic module at each control cycle with smaller step size, can be that to increase also can be to reduce; Then; Through the power output of photovoltaic module before and after relatively should the cycle, if power output increases, the direction according to last one-period continues to change so; Reduce if detect power output, then change in the opposite direction.Like this, the real work point of photovoltaic array just can move closer to current maximum power point, and finally near it more back and forth reaches stable state.The control method of disturbance observation is following:
< 0 real work point is on the maximum power point right side as if dP/>dU
If dP/dU=0 real work point is at maximum power point
If dP/dU>0 real work point is on the left of maximum power point
The conductance increment method is the improvement to the disturbance observation.Its control thought and disturbance observation are similar, also are to utilize the direction of dP/dU to carry out MPPT maximum power point tracking control, and just photovoltaic device is operated in the maximum power point time control and is shaped on institute's difference.
Can find out that the control thought of above method is all based on following condition:
1, the form of I-U curve is when maximum power point squints and no change;
2,Only there is an extreme point in the I-U curve, and is maximum power point;
In fact, photovoltaic module is when being blocked or being produced hot spot effect because of certain reason.Its tracing pattern possibly have greatly changed; Curve possibly produce two or more extreme points, in this case, and with above tracking; Just can not accomplish MPPT maximum power point tracking; Can only follow the tracks of that extreme point, and this extreme point might not be a maximum power point having on the I-U curve of many extreme points, thereby above tracking possibly lost efficacy near maximum power point before the system state change.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of MPPT maximum power point tracking controller of photovoltaic module, make MPPT maximum power point tracking accurate.
For realizing above goal of the invention; The present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of MPPT maximum power point tracking controller of photovoltaic module comprises the signals collecting part in order to voltage signal and current signal collection, ADC transducer, MCU single-chip microcomputer, switching tube and the DC-DC networking in order to analog signal is changed into digital signal.
Further improve as method of the present invention, said signal acquisition part branch comprises in order to gather the divider resistance of voltage signal.
Further improve as method of the present invention, said signal acquisition part branch comprises the Hall current sensor of current signal.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of photovoltaic module system, make photovoltaic module can be operated in maximum power point with MPPT maximum power point tracking controller.
For realizing above goal of the invention; The present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of photovoltaic module system with MPPT maximum power point tracking controller; It comprises photovoltaic module, MPPT maximum power point tracking controller, DC-DC converter and load, and said MPPT maximum power point tracking controller comprises the signals collecting part in order to voltage signal and current signal collection, ADC transducer, MCU single-chip microcomputer, switching tube and the DC-DC networking in order to analog signal is changed into digital signal.
Further improve as method of the present invention, said signal acquisition part branch comprises in order to gather the divider resistance of voltage signal.
Further improve as method of the present invention, said signal acquisition part branch comprises the Hall current sensor of current signal.
Compared to prior art, MPPT maximum power point tracking tracking control unit of the present invention and the photovoltaic module system with MPPT maximum power point tracking controller can follow the tracks of maximum power point accurately, in time, effectively, improve the generating efficiency of photovoltaic module.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the performance diagram of photovoltaic module.
Fig. 2 is that temperature is the I-U performance diagram of 25 degrees centigrade of photovoltaic modulies under the different illumination intensity.
Fig. 3 is the I-U performance diagram of many extreme points.
Fig. 4 is the P-U performance diagram of many extreme points.
Fig. 5 is the maximum power point tracing method control flow chart of the photovoltaic module of first embodiment.
Fig. 6 is the maximum power point tracing method control flow chart of the photovoltaic module of second embodiment.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of photovoltaic module of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the MPPT controller of photovoltaic module of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, it has shown the characteristic curve of photovoltaic module, as can be seen from Figure 1; Photovoltaic module volt-ampere I/U characteristic curve has strong nonlinear, and it is neither stiff, also non-constant current supply; Can not be a kind of non-linear DC power supply for load provides arbitrarily big power P also, its output current is approximately constant in most of operating voltage range; Near open circuit voltage the time, the electric current rate of descent is very big.Photovoltaic module exists an open-circuit voltage values Uoc and a short-circuit current value Isc.There is a maximum power point performance number Pm in theory in photovoltaic module, maximum power point voltage value Um of correspondence this moment and maximum power point current value I m.
As shown in Figure 2, it has shown under temperature is 25 degrees centigrade situation, the I-U performance diagram of the photovoltaic module under the different illumination intensity, and as can be seen from Figure 2, along with the increase of intensity of illumination, maximum power value is also increasing.
Like Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 4, in the actual use of photovoltaic module, possibly there is the situation of a plurality of power points peak values, in the present embodiment, only draw two peak value Pm1 and Pm2 are as signal.
Please join shown in Figure 5; It is the maximum power point tracing method of the photovoltaic module 10 of first embodiment; This method mainly contains two big control strategies and accomplishes; Wherein first control strategy is for to search with the first step value ⊿ U1 within the specific limits, determining approximate maximum power point Pm', and determines corresponding voltage value Um'; Second control strategy is near second step-length value ⊿ U2 accurate tracking approximate maximum power point P'm of using less than the first step value ⊿ U1, thereby confirms the maximum power point P'm of photovoltaic module 10.
Said first control strategy comprises the steps:
1.1 detect the open circuit voltage Uoc of photovoltaic module 10;
1.2 confirm detection range, in the present embodiment, certain limit is 0 for the starting voltage value, the final voltage value is Uoc;
1.3 confirm the first step value ⊿ U1, in the present embodiment, the span of the first step value ⊿ U1 be 1%Uoc to 10%Uoc;
1.4 make magnitude of voltage U1=0; The approximate maximum power value P'm=0 of order;
1.5 detect the corresponding output current of this magnitude of voltage U1, calculate the corresponding power P 1 of this magnitude of voltage U1;
1.6 if < P'm then, makes P'm=P'm to P1, continues next point and detects relatively;
If P1=P'm then, makes P'm=P1, continue next point and detect relatively;
If P1>P'm, then, make P'm=P1, note corresponding voltage value U'm simultaneously, continue next point and detect relatively;
Whether equal Uoc 1.7 detect magnitude of voltage U1:
If magnitude of voltage U1 less than Uoc, then continues to increase magnitude of voltage U1 with the first step value ⊿ U1, and comes back to step 1.5, begin with new magnitude of voltage U1 execution in step 1.5-1.7 again from step 1.5 again;
If magnitude of voltage U1 equals Uoc, then, first control strategy is accomplished, and finds the approximate maximum P'm of photovoltaic module 10, and corresponding voltage value U'm.
Then begin second control strategy, said second control strategy comprises the steps:
2.1 near magnitude of voltage U'm, change magnitude of voltage U2 with the second step-length Zhi ⊿ U2;
2.2 detect the corresponding output current of this current magnitude of voltage U2, calculate the corresponding performance number P2 of this magnitude of voltage;
If (P2-P'm)/(U2-U'm) < 0, then, actual power point reduces magnitude of voltage this moment on the maximum power point right side;
If (P2-P'm)/(U2-U'm)>0, then, actual power point increases magnitude of voltage this moment in the maximum power point left side;
If (P2-P'm)/(U2-U'm)=0, then, the actual power point of this moment is the actual maximum power point of photovoltaic module 10, maintains this magnitude of voltage work.
The maximum power point tracing method of the photovoltaic module 10 of first embodiment also comprises step 3: repetitive cycling step 1.1-2.2, and to reach the dynamic optimization of actual maximum power point.
Under actual conditions; Be difficult to find the situation of (P2-P'm)/(U2-U'm)=0, the ratio that more situation is (P2-P'm)/(U2-U'm) levels off to 0, therefore in actual use; Can stipulate a value a; A be one greater than zero numerical value, when ︱ (P2-P'm)/(U2-U'm) ︱ < during a, then can think to trace into maximum power point.If it is excessive that a is provided with, then follow the tracks of inaccuracy, too small if a is provided with, then the CPU of system is busy with calculating, and power output does not have too big variation, so the setting of a can be decided according to the situation of reality.Therefore, in actual the use, if (P2-P'm)/(U2-U'm) a, then, actual power point reduces magnitude of voltage this moment on the maximum power point right side; If (P2-P'm)/(U2-U'm)>a, then, actual power point increases magnitude of voltage this moment in the maximum power point left side; If-a ≦ (P2-P'm)/(U2-U'm) ≦ a, then, the actual power point of this moment is the actual maximum power point of photovoltaic module 10, maintains this magnitude of voltage work.Be that 0 among the application is not 0 in the mathematical meaning, should be more than or equal to-a, represent for ease and write as 0 smaller or equal to the numerical value in a scope.
The maximum power point tracing method of the photovoltaic module 10 of first embodiment also comprises: between repetitive cycling step 1.1.-2.4; Also has a delay time T; This delay time T can be defined between 5 seconds to 2 minutes; Especially, delay time T is set between 20 seconds to 50 seconds will reaches preferable effect.
Please join shown in Figure 6; It is the maximum power point tracing method of the photovoltaic module 10 of second embodiment; This method mainly contains two big control strategies and accomplishes; Wherein first control strategy is for to search with the first step value ⊿ U1 within the specific limits, determining approximate maximum power point Pm', and determines corresponding voltage value Um'; Second control strategy is near second step-length value ⊿ U2 accurate tracking approximate maximum power point P'm of using less than the first step value ⊿ U1, thereby confirms the maximum power point P'm of photovoltaic module 10.
Said first control strategy comprises the steps:
1.1 detect the open circuit voltage Uoc of photovoltaic module 10;
1.2 confirm detection range, in the present embodiment, certain limit is 10%Uoc for the starting voltage value, the final voltage value is 90%Uoc;
1.3 confirm the first step value ⊿ U1, in the present embodiment, the span of the first step value ⊿ U1 be 1%Uoc to 10%Uoc;
1.4 (Pulse Width Modulation, duty ratio PMW) make magnitude of voltage U1=10%Uoc to regulate pulse-width signal;
1.5 detect the corresponding output current of this magnitude of voltage U1, calculate the corresponding power P 1 of this magnitude of voltage U1;
1.6 call subroutine one, subprogram one comprises the steps:
Initialization is similar to maximum power value P'm, the approximate maximum power value P'm=0 of order;
If P1>P'm, then, make P'm=P1, continue next point and detect relatively;
If P1=P'm then, makes P'm=P1, continue next point and detect relatively;
If < P'm then, makes P'm=P'm to P1, notes corresponding voltage value U'm simultaneously, continues next point and detects relatively;
Whether equal 90%Uoc 1.7 detect magnitude of voltage U1:
If magnitude of voltage U1 is less than 90%Uoc; Then regulate pulse-width signal (Pulse Width Modulation; PMW) duty ratio; Continuation increases magnitude of voltage U1 with the first step value ⊿ U1, and comes back to step 1.5, begins with new magnitude of voltage U1 execution in step 1.5-1.7 again from step 1.5 again;
If magnitude of voltage U1 equals 90%Uoc, then, first control strategy is accomplished, and finds the approximate maximum P'm of photovoltaic module 10, and corresponding voltage value U'm.
Then begin second control strategy, said second control strategy comprises the steps:
2.1 (Pulse Width Modulation, duty ratio PMW) make magnitude of voltage U2=U'm+ ⊿ U2 to regulate pulse-width signal;
2.2 detect the corresponding output current of this current magnitude of voltage U2, calculate the corresponding performance number P2 of this magnitude of voltage;
2.3 call subroutine two, subprogram two comprises the steps:
Initialization Pm=P'm; The magnitude of voltage that last time records representes with U'2,
Work as P2>Pm,
If U2>U'2, then, actual power point is in the maximum power point left side, and this moment, forward changed magnitude of voltage U2;
If U U'2, then, actual power point oppositely changes magnitude of voltage U2 this moment on the maximum power point right side;
When P2 Pm,
If U2>U'2, then, actual power point oppositely changes magnitude of voltage U2 this moment on the maximum power point right side;
If U2 U'2, and then, actual power point is in the maximum power point left side, and this moment, forward changed magnitude of voltage U2;
2.4 judge whether (P2-Pm)/(U2-U'2) equals 0, and promptly whether dP/dU2 equals 0:
If be not equal to 0; Then, regulate pulse-width signal (Pulse Width Modulation, duty ratio change magnitude of voltage U2 PMW); Simultaneously according to the judgement in the subprogram two; Confirm that the forward increase still is oppositely to reduce the second step-length value ⊿ U2, and come back to step 2.2, carry out 2.2-2.4 from step 2.2 beginning again with new magnitude of voltage U2 again;
If equal 0, then, the actual power point P2 of this moment is the maximum power point Pm of photovoltaic module 10.
The maximum power point tracing method of the photovoltaic module 10 of second embodiment also comprises step 3: repetitive cycling step 1.1-2.4, and to reach the dynamic optimization of actual maximum power point.
Under actual conditions; Be difficult to find the situation of (P2-Pm)/(U2-U'2)=0, the ratio that more situation is (P2-Pm)/(U2-U'2) levels off to 0, therefore in actual use; Can stipulate a value a; A be one greater than zero numerical value, when-a≤(P2-Pm)/(U2-U'2)≤a, both can think to trace into maximum power point.If it is excessive that a is provided with, then follow the tracks of inaccuracy, too small if a is provided with, then the CPU of system is busy with calculating, and power output does not have too big variation, so the setting of a can decide according to the situation of reality, representes for ease and is write as 0.
The maximum power point tracing method of the photovoltaic module 10 of second embodiment also comprises: between repetitive cycling step 1.1.-2.4; Also has a delay time T; This delay time T can be defined between 20 seconds to 2 minutes; Especially, delay time T is set between 20 seconds to 50 seconds will reaches preferable effect.
This method also can be included in extraneous intensity of illumination or variation of temperature amount, and system's decision starts the maximum power value optimizing once more.Thereby make this photovoltaic module 10 be operated near the maximum power value, to promote the generating efficiency of photovoltaic module 10 always.
In two embodiment, about the selection of the first step-length ⊿ U1 and long ⊿ U2 of second step, if select bigger; Then can confirm the Position Approximate of maximum power point very soon; The tracking velocity of raising system if selection is less, then can more accurately be followed the tracks of maximum power point Pm; Certainly, also can reduce the tracking velocity of system.
Compared to prior art; Maximum power point tracing method carries out the approximate maximum power point that global maximum power point detects the overall situation with big step-length earlier; Near approximate maximum work point, carrying out accurate tracking with less step-length, therefore, can have under the situation of a plurality of power extreme points at photovoltaic module 10; Trace into the overall maximum extreme point of photovoltaic module 10 exactly; Avoid working point or trace point to be bound in all the time near a certain extreme point and can't detect the generation of other these situation of extreme point, thereby can follow the tracks of maximum power point accurately, in time, effectively, improved the generating efficiency of photovoltaic module 10.
As shown in Figure 7, be the system configuration of photovoltaic module 10 of the present invention, it comprises photovoltaic module 10, MPPT controller 20, DC-DC converter 30 and the load 40 that is connected with DC-DC converter 30.Said MPPT controller 20 can detect the voltage and current of photovoltaic module 10.Photovoltaic module 10 all is connected 30 with the DC-DC converter with MPPT controller 20.
As shown in Figure 8 is the principle schematic of MPPT controller 20 of the present invention, and it mainly comprises signals collecting part 21, ADC transducer 22, MCU single-chip microcomputer 23, switching tube 24 and DC-DC networking 25.
Said signals collecting part 21 mainly is voltage signal and current signals, and wherein, the collection of voltage signal can be adopted divider resistance, and current signals can adopt Hall current sensor; And to obtain voltage, current analog signal is handled.
Said ADC transducer 22 parts convert voltage, current analog signal to digital signal
Calculating, control centre that said MCU single-chip microcomputer 23 is systems.It is according to the program requirement, and numerical value such as calculating, comparative voltage, power, and require to make the selection of control strategy according to program, and the conducting state through the various Signal-controlled switch pipes 24 of output with adjustment voltage, thereby reach the purpose of adjustment power.MCU calculates power according to P=I*U.
Said switching tube 24 and DC-DC networking 25 are performers of power adjustment, said switching tube 24 and the 25 common adjustment of accomplishing voltage or power of DC-DC networking.
The current and voltage signals that MPPT controller 20 is gathered from photovoltaic module 10 can be used for other miscellaneous functions of system.
In sum; More than be merely preferred embodiment of the present invention; Should not limit scope of the present invention with this, promptly every simple equivalent of being done according to claims of the present invention and description of the invention content changes and modifies, and all should still belong in the scope that patent of the present invention contains.
Claims (6)
1. the MPPT maximum power point tracking controller (20) of a photovoltaic module; It is characterized in that, comprise in order to the signals collecting of gathering voltage signal and current signal partly (21), ADC transducer (22), MCU single-chip microcomputer (23), switching tube (24) and DC-DC networking (25) in order to analog signal is changed into digital signal.
2. the MPPT maximum power point tracking controller of photovoltaic module as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: said signals collecting part (22) comprises in order to gather the divider resistance of voltage signal.
3. the MPPT maximum power point tracking controller of photovoltaic module as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: said signals collecting part (22) comprises the Hall current sensor of current signal.
4. photovoltaic module system with MPPT maximum power point tracking controller; It comprises photovoltaic module (10), MPPT maximum power point tracking controller (20), DC-DC converter (30) and load (40); It is characterized in that said MPPT maximum power point tracking controller comprises the signals collecting part (21) of gathering in order to voltage signal and current signal, the ADC transducer (22) in order to analog signal is changed into digital signal, MCU single-chip microcomputer (23), switching tube (24) and DC-DC networking (25).
5. the photovoltaic module system with MPPT maximum power point tracking controller as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: said signals collecting part (22) comprises in order to gather the divider resistance of voltage signal.
6. the photovoltaic module system with MPPT maximum power point tracking controller as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: said signals collecting part (22) comprises the Hall current sensor of current signal.
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| CN104601110A (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2015-05-06 | 无锡上能新能源有限公司 | Method for on-line detection of characteristic parameters of photovoltaic cell assembly |
| CN105743439A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-07-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for detecting operating parameters of photovoltaic battery pack strings and related device |
| CN108491024A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-09-04 | 北京汉能光伏投资有限公司 | Solar maximum power point tracks of device and method are realized using output controllable electric power |
| CN109284879A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-01-29 | 阿特斯阳光电力集团有限公司 | Photovoltaic module hot spot appraisal procedure |
| CN110797941A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-14 | 江苏师范大学 | Double-shaft tracking solar street lamp control device |
| CN111465141A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-28 | 深圳市时誉高精科技有限公司 | Alternating-current multi-path mutual-control dimmer |
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| CN110797941A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-14 | 江苏师范大学 | Double-shaft tracking solar street lamp control device |
| CN111465141A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-28 | 深圳市时誉高精科技有限公司 | Alternating-current multi-path mutual-control dimmer |
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Application publication date: 20120704 |