CN108642640B - Preparation method and application of rigidity gradient auxetic material - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of rigidity gradient auxetic material Download PDFInfo
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- CN108642640B CN108642640B CN201810417048.0A CN201810417048A CN108642640B CN 108642640 B CN108642640 B CN 108642640B CN 201810417048 A CN201810417048 A CN 201810417048A CN 108642640 B CN108642640 B CN 108642640B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D11/00—Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/402—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D25/00—Woven fabrics not otherwise provided for
- D03D25/005—Three-dimensional woven fabrics
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a rigidity gradient auxetic material. The prepared tensile material with uniform rigidity gradient and a gap structure can be used as insoles, soles, bulletproof clothes, human body protection pads, safety helmets and helmet linings, sofa cushions, automobile safety seats, pillows, packaging materials, anti-buffer materials and the like. The invention has the characteristics of convenient processing, integrated molding and wide application raw materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a rigidity gradient auxetic material, in particular to a preparation method of a rigidity gradient auxetic material for preparing clothing fabrics and industrial cushioning textiles, and belongs to the field of textile materials and technologies.
Background
The gradient functional material was first proposed by japanese scholars in 1986, and has been developed rapidly so far. At present, the material design by applying the gradient theory abroad relates to the fields of heat, electricity, light, magnetism and the like. However, from the mechanical properties, the application of the gradient theory and the discussion of designing the mechanical gradient functional structure reinforced composite material have not been reported yet. The variable stiffness material is also a functionally graded material. By changing the components or the structure in the material, the functionally gradient part with the rigidity changing in a gradient manner can be obtained. The invention adopts a one-step forming mode to prepare the tensile expansion material with the uniform gap structure and the gradient rigidity, and the material not only can be used as clothes, but also can be used as various anti-buffer materials.
The royal celluloid (Wangli, Mingli, etc., CN104706443A, 2015) invents a hernia repair patch with rigidity gradient change, the invention has enough strength and excellent elasticity, the aperture of the main body part in the middle of the patch is large, soft and small in surface density, which is beneficial to tissue ingrowth and improvement of abdominal wall compliance, the edge of the patch is provided with a reinforced fixing part, the retention strength of materials and fixing devices such as suture lines or hernia nails is improved, and the patch is beneficial to flattening in operation. The fan yoga wave (fan yoga, li sword, CN106983551A, 2017) provides a porous composite bone plate with gradient-changing rigidity and a preparation method thereof, the bone plate is formed by sequentially connecting an attaching layer, a transition layer and a solid layer, the rigidity of which is sequentially increased, a positioning hole penetrates through the corresponding position of each layer, the attaching layer with lower rigidity is contacted with an original bone, the rigidity of the contact surface of the bone plate can be reduced, the stress shielding effect is improved, and the solid layer with higher rigidity realizes fixed connection; the lamination layer and the transition layer are provided with porous structures, so that the adhesion growth of cells can be promoted, firmer biological fixation can be formed, and the long-term effective service of the bone plate is facilitated; the bone plate overall structure is integrally formed by 3D printing, natural transition and connection from the porous structure of the attaching layer and the transition layer to the solid structure of the solid layer can be realized, and the bone plate overall structure has obvious anisotropic mechanical properties.
The gradient porous material belongs to a functional gradient material, has the advantages of high strength and rigidity of a low-porosity material and good sound absorption effect of a high-porosity material, and has a gradient change rule of the impedance of the gradient porous material to sound waves along the gradient change direction. From the shape of the invention, the invention also belongs to a gradient porosity material, namely a material with the porosity of the material changing in a gradient manner along a certain direction, and the porosity of the invention becomes smaller or larger from bottom to top.
George rod method research and development liquefied air limited (P wear-carlo, D gari, etc., CN102083769A, 2011) applied for a ceramic foam with porosity gradient and catalytic active phase gradient, the material is cylindrical, and the concentrations of inner ring and axial material are different due to the outer ring. The yellow key (yellow key, bear Xufeng et al, CN106007524A, 2016) provides a geopolymer external wall thermal insulation board with controllable porosity gradient and a preparation method thereof, wherein bubbles are arranged in the thermal insulation board and are distributed in the thermal insulation board in a gradient manner along with the thickness. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing alkali metal hydroxide, an alkali metal silicate aqueous solution and water to completely dissolve the alkali metal hydroxide, then adding fly ash to form geopolymer slurry, adding a foaming agent into the geopolymer slurry to foam, then adding a dispersing agent and a thickening agent, and finally performing injection molding, maintenance and demolding to obtain the geopolymer external wall insulation board with controllable porosity gradient. The heat-insulating board is high in compressive strength, low in heat conductivity coefficient and high in porosity, bubbles are distributed in the heat-insulating board along with the thickness in a gradient mode, the heat-insulating effect can be improved, the heat-insulating board is used for heat insulation of building walls and can bear large negative air pressure, and falling objects from the high air can be effectively avoided.
Therefore, the gradient structure material has excellent performance, and endows the textile material with a gradient structure and gradient rigidity to have extremely excellent performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the gradient rigidity structure design is carried out on the garment fabric of the textile material and the industrial textile for buffering, so that the material is endowed with compression gradient change, and the overall synergistic effect of compression is improved; particularly, the textile material with the gradient negative Poisson ratio structure is realized by combining the negative Poisson ratio structure, the rigidity change is realized on the structure, and the difference between the buffering performance and the static tensile performance is effectively improved.
In order to achieve the aim, the technical scheme of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a rigidity gradient auxetic material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 2, modeling is carried out by using modeling software, and the built model and data are imported into a laser cutting machine;
step 3, selecting and cutting raw materials according to the design purpose;
and 4, carrying out post-treatment on the material formed by cutting and carving according to different design purposes to obtain the material with the auxetic structure.
Preferably, the auxetic structure pattern of the auxetic structure comprises an inwardly concave honeycomb, a star network, an inwardly concave rhombus, a regular dodecahedron, a triangular grid, a center-rotated rectangle, a center-rotated triangle, a center-rotated tetrahedron, a chiral honeycomb, a center-rotated polyhedron, an articulated hexagon, an articulated quadrilateral, an articulated triangle, and combinations thereof.
Preferably, the auxetic structure is divided into different groups of units in the longitudinal direction, the number of layers of each group of units is different, the thickness of the unit structure of the same group is the same, and the thickness of the unit structure of different groups is different, so that the impact resistance of the whole structure is more excellent.
Preferably, the number of layers of the unit ranges from 2 to 50, the thickness of the unit ranges from micrometer scale to 0.5 to 2000 micrometer; the pore proportion of the auxetic structure material is adjustable and ranges from 0% to 95%.
Preferably, the fineness of the upper layer unit and the fineness of the lower layer unit of the auxetic structure are different, the compression stiffness of the upper layer unit is different from that of the lower layer unit, and the compression stiffness of each layer unit is changed in a gradient manner in the longitudinal direction of the auxetic structure material.
Preferably, the auxetic structure is coarse on top and fine on bottom, and the porosity of each layer unit is equal or different or varies in gradient.
Preferably, the material of the fabric is a rubber material, a latex material, a polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, a polyamide thermoplastic elastomer, a polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, a styrene thermoplastic elastomer, or a combination of the above materials.
Preferably, the auxetic structure material can be cut, bonded and sewn so as to be conveniently made into other articles; the post-treatment mode comprises coating film coating, dyeing, flame retardance, antibiosis, pilling resistance, static resistance, non-ironing, wrinkle resistance, water and oil repellency.
Preferably, the material properties and the laser cutting depth of the fabric are different, the material forming shape is different, and the purpose is different; when the flaky raw material is adopted, the laser cutting dimension is small, so that the two-dimensional fabric is obtained and is used as common clothing, and when the material is large-scale three-dimensional material, the laser cutting dimension is large, so that the three-dimensional fabric is obtained and is used as various buffer materials.
The invention also provides application of the rigidity gradient auxetic material obtained by the preparation method, and the rigidity gradient auxetic material is characterized by being used for clothes, filtering, sound insulation, insoles, soles, bulletproof clothes, human body protection pads, safety helmets and helmet linings, sofa cushions, automobile safety seats, pillows, packaging materials and anti-buffering materials.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
(1) the material prepared by the invention combines the auxetic effect with the rigidity gradient and the pore rigidity, and endows the material with more performances and use purposes.
(2) The method can quickly generate the rigidity gradient auxetic material, and the whole manufacturing process is simple, convenient and easy to operate, simple in process, low in cost and environment-friendly.
(3) The invention has wide application range and application, can be used for modeling by any 3D modeling software, has selectable raw material range, and can be used as a two-dimensional garment material and various anti-buffering and sound-insulating materials and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional concave hexagonal rigidity gradient auxetic fabric;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional concave hexagonal rigidity gradient auxetic material;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an elevated insole in a concave hexagonal gradient stiffness auxetic structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a conventional insole with a concave hexagonal gradient stiffness auxetic structure;
FIG. 5 is a two-dimensional concave hexagonal stiffness gradient auxetic material upper surface compression simulation plot with low porosity;
FIG. 6 is a two-dimensional concave hexagonal rigidity gradient auxetic material upper surface compression simulation diagram with high porosity;
fig. 7 is a two-dimensional uniform void concave hexagonal auxetic material compression simulation diagram.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a rigidity gradient auxetic material, and a fabric with a negative Poisson ratio effect, a rigidity gradient and a porosity gradient can be conveniently and quickly prepared. The formed product is suitable for clothes, filtration, sound insulation, insoles, soles, bulletproof clothes, human body protection pads, safety helmets and helmet linings, sofa cushions, automobile safety seats, pillows, packaging materials, anti-buffer materials and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a technical solution comprising the steps of:
(a) according to different requirements and purposes, the material, shape and size of the fabric are designed, so that the fabric has an auxetic structure;
(b) modeling is carried out by modeling software, the modeling software is various and can be SolidWorks, Pro/E, UG, 3Ds Max, Rhino, Maya, Softimage, CATIA and the like, and people mastering any one of the technologies can model the modeling for the invention;
(c) leading the built model and data into a laser cutting machine, wherein the laser cutting machine is preferably a nonmetal laser cutting machine;
(d) selecting a cutting raw material according to a design purpose;
(e) according to different design purposes, post-processing is carried out on the material formed by cutting, carving and forming to form the material with the auxetic structure. The post-treatment modes are various and comprise coating, dyeing, flame retardance, antibiosis, pilling resistance, static resistance, non-ironing, wrinkle resistance, water repellency, oil repellency and the like.
The auxetic structure pattern of the auxetic structure includes an inwardly concave honeycomb, a star network, an inwardly concave diamond, a regular dodecahedron, a triangular grid, a center-rotated rectangle, a center-rotated triangle, a center-rotated tetrahedron, a chiral honeycomb, a center-rotated polyhedron, an articulated hexagon, an articulated quadrilateral, an articulated triangle, and combinations thereof.
The preferred concave hexagonal honeycomb structure of auxetic structure pattern, triangle-shaped structure, star type structure, chevron structure and chiral structure etc..
The auxetic structures are divided into groups in the longitudinal direction, the number of layers of each group of unit structures is different, the thickness of the unit structures in the same group is the same, and the thickness of the unit structures in different organizations is different, so that the shock resistance of the whole structure is more excellent.
The number of the unit layers of the auxetic structure ranges from 2 to 50, the thickness range of the unit is micrometer scale, the range is 0.5 to 2000 micrometer, and the pore proportion of the auxetic structure is adjustable and ranges from 0 to 95 percent.
The fineness of the upper-layer auxetic unit of the auxetic structure is different from that of the lower-layer auxetic unit, so that the compression rigidity of the upper-layer auxetic unit is different from that of the lower-layer auxetic unit, and the compression rigidity of each layer of unit is changed in a gradient manner in the longitudinal direction of the auxetic material.
The structure of the auxetic structure is rough and fine, but the porosity of each auxetic unit is equal or different or is changed in a gradient way. The structure of the auxetic structure material can be designed to be in gradient change because the upper part is thick and the lower part is thin, so that the upper porosity and the lower porosity are different.
The material of the fabric is rubber material, latex material, polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, polyamide thermoplastic elastomer, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, styrene thermoplastic elastomer or the combination of the above materials; the color of the material is not limited, and can be various.
The prepared rigidity gradient tensile expansion material can be cut, bonded and sewn after being formed, so that other articles can be conveniently made.
The rigidity gradient auxetic material has different forming shapes and different purposes along with the difference of the performance of raw materials and the cutting depth of laser. When the flaky raw material is adopted, the laser cutting dimension is small, so that the two-dimensional fabric can be used as common clothing, and when the material is large-scale three-dimensional material, the laser cutting dimension is large, so that the three-dimensional fabric can be obtained and can be used as various buffer materials.
The rigidity gradient tensile expansion material has wide application, and can be used as clothes, filtration, sound insulation, insoles, soles, bulletproof clothes, human body protection pads, safety helmets and helmet linings, sofa cushions, automobile safety seats, pillows, packaging materials, anti-buffer materials and the like.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional concave hexagonal stiffness gradient auxetic fabric, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional concave hexagonal stiffness gradient auxetic material, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an increasing insole in a concave hexagonal stiffness gradient auxetic structure, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a common insole in a concave hexagonal stiffness gradient auxetic structure, fig. 5 is a compression simulation diagram of an upper surface of a two-dimensional concave hexagonal stiffness gradient auxetic material with low porosity, fig. 6 is a compression simulation diagram of an upper surface of a two-dimensional concave hexagonal stiffness gradient auxetic material with high porosity, and fig. 7 is a compression simulation diagram of a two-dimensional uniform gap concave hexagonal auxetic material.
The raw materials and equipment described in examples 1-5 below were funded by the national focus development program (2016YFC 0802802).
Example 1)3 layers of four ligament tissue rigidity gradient antibacterial insoles; example 2)5 layers of concave hexagonal stiffness gradient body armor; example 3)6 layers of star-shaped stiffness gradient sound insulation material; example 4)20 layers of double-arrowhead-shaped stiffness gradient helmet liner; example 5)3 layers triangular stiffness gradient latex pillow.
Corresponding parameter setting is carried out on the components related to the 5 embodiments, including (1) model parameter design, and the size of the model is designed according to the quality and thickness size requirements of the final product; (2) selecting raw materials, namely selecting the attributes of the raw materials according to the requirements of products, shapes, sizes, qualities and performances; (3) selecting parameters of a laser cutting machine, namely selecting corresponding laser cutting parameters according to the size, the application and the performance of raw materials of a product; (4) and (4) post-treatment design, namely designing a fabric post-treatment process according to the use purpose of the product. The setup parameters for this example are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the rigidity gradient auxetic material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, designing materials, shapes and sizes of the fabric according to different requirements and purposes to enable the fabric to have an auxetic structure;
step 2, modeling is carried out by using modeling software, and the built model and data are imported into a laser cutting machine;
step 3, selecting and cutting raw materials according to the design purpose;
step 4, carrying out post-treatment on the cut, carved and molded material according to different design purposes to obtain an auxetic structure material;
the auxetic structure is divided into different groups of units in the longitudinal direction, the number of layers of each group of units is different, the thickness of the unit structure of the same group is the same, and the thickness of the unit structure among different groups is different, so that the shock resistance of the whole structure is more excellent; the number of layers of the unit ranges from 2 to 50, and the thickness of the unit ranges from 0.5 to 2000 microns; the pore proportion of the auxetic structure material is adjustable and ranges from 0% to 95%;
the fineness of the upper layer unit and the fineness of the lower layer unit of the auxetic structure are different, so that the compression rigidity of the upper layer unit is different from that of the lower layer unit, and the compression rigidity of each layer unit is changed in a gradient manner in the longitudinal direction of the auxetic structure material; the upper part of the auxetic structure is thick and the lower part of the auxetic structure is thin, and the porosity of each layer of unit is equal or different; the upper part of the auxetic structure is thick, and the lower part of the auxetic structure is thin, and the different porosities of the units of each layer refer to gradient changes.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pattern of auxetic structures of the auxetic structure comprises concave cells, star networks, concave diamonds, regular dodecahedrons, triangular grids, central rotating rectangles, central rotating triangles, chiral cells, central rotating polyhedrons, hinged hexagons, hinged quadrilaterals, hinged triangles, and combinations thereof.
3. The method for preparing a stiffness gradient auxetic material according to claim 1, wherein the material of the facing material is a rubber material, a latex material, a polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, a polyamide thermoplastic elastomer, a polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, a styrene thermoplastic elastomer, or a combination thereof.
4. The method for preparing the rigidity gradient auxetic material according to claim 1, wherein the auxetic structure material can be cut, bonded and sewn to facilitate making other articles; the post-treatment mode comprises coating film coating, dyeing, flame retardance, antibiosis, pilling resistance, static resistance, non-ironing, wrinkle resistance, water and oil repellency.
5. The method for preparing the rigidity gradient auxetic material according to claim 1, wherein the material properties and the laser cutting depth of the fabric are different, the material forming shapes are different, and the purposes are different; when the sheet raw material is adopted, the laser cutting dimension is small, so that the two-dimensional fabric is obtained and is used as common clothing, and when the large-dimension three-dimensional material is adopted, the laser cutting dimension is large, so that the three-dimensional fabric is obtained and is used as various buffer materials.
6. Use of the rigidity gradient auxetic material obtained by the preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is used for clothing, filtration, sound insulation, shoe-pads, shoe soles, body protection pads, safety helmets and helmet linings, sofa cushions, car safety seats, pillows, packaging materials, anti-cushioning materials.
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| CN109210054A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-01-15 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of nail and its design method with Negative poisson's ratio |
| CN110754887A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-02-07 | 南京工业大学 | Pillow with negative Poisson ratio effect and design method thereof |
| US11905651B2 (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2024-02-20 | Swift Textile Metalizing LLC | Auxetic fabric reinforced elastomers |
| CN113771710A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | Car seat based on cellular structure of interior concave hexagon negative poisson ratio |
| CN116254025A (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2023-06-13 | 华润水泥技术研发有限公司 | Sound insulation coating containing negative poisson ratio particles and preparation method thereof |
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| DE19926379A1 (en) * | 1999-06-10 | 2000-12-14 | Inst Textil & Faserforschung | Composite material |
| JP4640646B2 (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2011-03-02 | 日本電気株式会社 | Semiconductor laser and manufacturing method thereof |
| US8119549B2 (en) * | 2009-01-27 | 2012-02-21 | Milliken & Company | Consolidated fibrous structure |
| CN103605832B (en) * | 2013-10-26 | 2016-10-05 | 上海工程技术大学 | The method that prediction human calf is distributed for garment pressure |
| CN106894164B (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2019-11-08 | 东华大学 | A method of standby flexible auxetic materials are spinned using template electric |
| CN206781684U (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-12-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of Varying-thickness gradient negative poisson's ratio automatic buffer endergonic structure |
| CN107475789A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2017-12-15 | 东华大学 | A kind of film splits the method that method rapid batch prepares auxetic fiber |
| CN108000758B (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2019-11-08 | 东华大学 | A kind of negative poisson's ratio composite material for weaving molding die and method |
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