CN102835011A - Method and system for controlling resonant converters used in solar inverters - Google Patents
Method and system for controlling resonant converters used in solar inverters Download PDFInfo
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- CN102835011A CN102835011A CN2011800103604A CN201180010360A CN102835011A CN 102835011 A CN102835011 A CN 102835011A CN 2011800103604 A CN2011800103604 A CN 2011800103604A CN 201180010360 A CN201180010360 A CN 201180010360A CN 102835011 A CN102835011 A CN 102835011A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/337—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
- H02M3/3376—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Abstract
The present invention proposes a method and a system for controlling resonant converters used in solar Inverters. The resonant converters may operate in one or more pre-defined switching modes such as, but not limited to, a full bridge mode, a half bridge mode, a pulse width modulation mode, a pulse skipping mode, and an AC line voltage pulse skipping mode. The method includes generating a reference current based on values of voltage and current of a Direct Current (DC) voltage source and an output of the solar inverter. The method further includes comparing the reference current and a sensed current, wherein the sensed current is collected from the output of the solar inverter. After this, a plurality of drive signals for controlling the operation of the resonant converter are generated based on the comparison of the reference current and the sensed current. The operation of the resonant converter is controlled by switching the resonant converter in the pre-defined switching modes.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to electricity generation system.More specifically, the present invention relates to be used for to control the method and system of the resonance converter that solar inverter uses.
Background technology
Resonance converter is to utilize one or more lc circuits will convert the electronic resonance circuit of sinusoidal voltage and current waveform from the dc voltage in dc voltage source to.Typically, such circuit is owing to numerous advantages are widely used in the electronics industry.For example, resonant circuit has the low switch loss, and has less electromagnetic interference (EMI).In addition, these circuit can be operated under very high switching frequency, and this is because these circuit allow no-voltage and current switch condition for main power equipment.High switching frequency operation helps to replace bulky magnetic assembly with size components, therefore helps to reduce the overall dimension of circuit.Particularly, during no-voltage and current switch condition, power equipment is conduct electricity when they are connected only, thereby reduces switching loss at circuit operation.In addition, greatly reduced because the caused problem of EMI.
Typically, solar inverter need produce electric power from solar energy with efficient and low-cost mode.For this reason, such solar inverter operation makes that they are global function and independently unit or electrical network connection (grid-connected), and such solar inverter is also operated under the different power level.In order under this different power level, to operate, typically be connected to solar inverter such as DC power supplys such as battery, fuel cell or solar panels.Solar inverter produces AC voltage from DC power supply (solar panels), and electric power is sent to the AC electrical network.
In the solar inverter that electrical network connects, convert each solar panels dc voltage to electrical network compatible AC voltage.Therefore, be attached to the high voltage conversion ratio of inverter needs of solar panels.Because high voltage conversion ratio, this Design of Inverter causes many challenges.For example, typical solar panels have the 20V average voltage, and the peak value line voltage is approximately 340V.This high conversion ratio of extremely difficult realization under actual conditions.In addition, the solar inverter of electrical network connection need be operated under the input and output voltage of wide region.In order to realize this point, constantly make great efforts to design topological structure with high efficiency and wide region input operation voltage.A solution that overcomes above-mentioned restriction is in solar inverter, to use resonance converter.Disclosing and in these solar inverters, having used the minority solution of resonance converter is available on market.Yet existing solution is subjected to such as low reliability, than shortcomings such as poor efficiency and higher costs.In addition, said solution is owing to the structure of existing solar inverter consumes big quantity space.
Consider above-mentioned reason, a kind of improvement topological structure that in solar inverter, comprises resonance converter need be provided, to realize high reliability, high efficiency and low cost.Equally, improved topological structure should concentrate on the configuration solar inverter, makes to consume less space.In addition, improved topological structure is compared with legacy system and is had than low switch loss and less assembly.In addition, said topological structure should concentrate on and control resonance converter on the wide region operating condition efficiently.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method and system that is used for controlling the resonance converter that solar inverter uses.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of improvement topological structure that supplies solar inverter to use.Preferably, said topological structure should have less switching loss and less assembly.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of topological structure that supplies solar inverter to use, and wherein this topological structure produces sinusoidal current and voltage in transformer.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of topological structure that supplies solar inverter to use, this topological structure control circuit on wide loading range wherein, and high efficiency is provided in given opereating specification.
Attached purpose of the present invention is to use controlled resonance converter to produce electric power.
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of and are used to use controlled resonance converter to produce the method for electric power.This method comprises: produce first direct current (DC) voltage, said first dc voltage produces from the dc voltage source.After this, use controlled resonance converter to produce first and exchange (AC) voltage from first dc voltage.Controlled resonance converter is according to operating in one or more predetermined switch patterns.After this, an AC voltage is amplified.The one AC voltage is amplified by transformer.Then the AC voltage transitions of amplifying is become the dc voltage through rectification.At last, will convert the 2nd AC voltage through the dc voltage of rectification to, wherein the 2nd AC voltage and AC mains frequency are synchronous.
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of system that is used for controlling the resonance converter that solar inverter uses.Resonance converter can be used to produce electric power.This system comprises MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) computing module, phase-locked loop (PLL) line frequency rectifier, current regulator and modulator.The MPPT computing module calculate the dc voltage source with the corresponding voltage and current value of maximum power point.Calculate and to be worth to produce reference current.In addition, PLL line frequency rectifier produces the waveform of reference current.In addition, current regulator is compared reference current with current sensor.Current sensor is to collect from the output of solar inverter.In addition, said modulator is used to control a plurality of drive signals of resonance converter operation based on relatively producing of reference current and current sensor.The drive signal of generation is provided to the gate driver then.Through the drive signal that the gate driver provides, control the operation of resonance converter through switching resonance converter in one or more predetermined switch patterns.
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of method that control exchanges the resonance converter that (AC) module uses that is used for.This method comprises: produce reference current based on the voltage and current value of direct current (DC) voltage source and the output of solar inverter.After this, reference current is compared with current sensor.Collect current sensor from the output of solar inverter.In case carry out relatively, produce a plurality of drive signals of the operation that is used to control resonance converter.Based on drive signal, through switching the operation that resonance converter is controlled resonance converter according to one or more predetermined switch patterns.The various examples of predetermined switch pattern can include but not limited to: full electric bridge pattern, half-bridge pattern, PWM mode, pulse-skip pattern and AC line voltage distribution pulse-skip pattern.At last, controlled resonance converter can be used to produce electric power.
Description of drawings
Combine accompanying drawing to describe each embodiment of the present invention hereinafter, provide accompanying drawing to be used to explain the present invention but do not limit the present invention, wherein similar mark is represented similar element, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the exemplary inverter circuit of the solar inverter that can put into practice various embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 2 shows the block diagram according to one or more modules of the controller of the resonant circuit of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 shows according to the modulator output that changes with respect to control variables under the normal load condition of the embodiment of the invention and changes;
Fig. 4 shows according to the modulator output that changes with respect to control variables under the low loading condition of the embodiment of the invention and changes;
Fig. 5 a shows the circuit diagram of description according to the high gain operation of the inverter circuit of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 b representes to explain the sequential chart according to each signal of the inverter circuit of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 a shows the circuit diagram according to the low gain operation of the inverter of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 b shows the sequential chart according to each signal of the inverter circuit of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 a is the sequential chart according to the resonance converter of PWM mode operation according to the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 b is the sequential chart according to the resonance converter of operating in the pulse-skip pattern according to the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 c is the sequential chart according to the resonance converter of AC potential pulse dancing mode operation according to the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is the flow chart that is used for being controlled at the resonance converter that solar inverter uses according to the embodiment of the invention; And
Fig. 9 shows the flow chart that produces electric power according to the controlled resonance converter of the use of the embodiment of the invention.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that for the element in the concise and to the point and clear signal accompanying drawing, helping further to understand embodiments of the invention, and be not intended to and limit scope of the present invention by any way.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the exemplary inverter circuit 100 of the solar inverter that can put into practice each embodiment of the present invention.Inverter circuit 100 comprises electric bridge inverter 102, tank circuits (resonant tank circuit) 104, transformer 106, bridge rectifier 108, launches device (unfolder device) 110, controller 112 and DC/DC resonance converter 114.Inverter circuit 100 disposes input dc voltage V
DcInput dc voltage V
DcCan produce from each provenance, said each provenance is such as but not limited to solar panels, one or more solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, fuel cell, battery, ultracapacitor and other DC power supplys.According to the embodiment of the invention, input voltage may also be referred to as first dc voltage.DC/DC resonance converter 114 can be called resonance converter/resonant circuit hereinafter.
As shown in Figure 1, tank circuits 104 is by inductor L
s, capacitor C
sWith capacitor C
pForm.Inductor L
sWith capacitor C
sBe connected in series, and with capacitor C
pBe connected in parallel.According to another embodiment of the present invention, inductor L
sCan with capacitor C
sBe connected in series, and this configuration to be known as be the series resonance structure.According to another embodiment of the present invention, inductor L
sCan with capacitor C
pBe connected in series capacitor C
pBe connected in series with transformer, and this combination can also with capacitor C
sBe connected in series.As shown in Figure 1.According to another embodiment of the present invention, inductor L
sCan with capacitor C
sWith inductor L
p(not shown in figure 1) is connected in series.This combination can also be connected in the primary coil two ends (LLC resonance) of transformer in parallel.
Each embodiment according to the present invention, this paper have described the various designs of the assembly of tank circuits 104.In one embodiment, air core and gapped FERRITE CORE can be used to design resonant inductor L
sWith inductor L
pIn another embodiment, the torus shape conventional iron ferrite core that is distributed with the space can be used to design resonant inductor L
sWith inductor L
pHere, the space that distributes equably makes significantly to reduce core loss.In a further embodiment, can use the combination of one or more potteries or film capacitor to come design capacitance device C
sAnd C
pIn an embodiment more of the present invention, can use the combination of polypropylene film capacitor to come design capacitance device C
pAnd C
sSuch capacitor has low-down loss, and on temperature and voltage range, demonstrates stable capacitance.
Although use L
sC
sC
pPassive component forms the tank circuits 104 in the inverter circuit 100; But under the prerequisite that deviates from the scope of the invention never in any form; It is obvious that to those skilled in the art, and tank circuits 104 can also use other possible passive component set (for example, LLC) to form.
Shown in figure, transformer 106 is connected to tank circuits 104 through its primary coil, and according to the switch of electric bridge inverter 102 electric power is sent to load.The secondary coil of transformer is connected to the diode D5-D8 (as shown in Figure 1) of bridge rectifier 108.According to embodiments of the invention, transformer 106 can be a centre-tapped transformer.
As shown in Figure 1, bridge rectifier 108 is formed by diode D5, D6, D7 and D8 (being referred to as diode, i.e. D5-D8).Launch device 110 by showing that one or more switches (being referred to as switch, i.e. D5-D8) of making S5, S6, S7 and S8 form.
According to embodiments of the invention, according to transformer device structure, bridge rectifier 108 can be formed by two diodes or four diodes.According to embodiments of the invention, launch device 110 and can use two MOSFET or four MOSFET to form.
According to embodiments of the invention, electric bridge inverter 104, tank circuits 104, transformer 106 and bridge rectifier 108 form DC/DC resonance converter 114 together.DC/DC resonance converter 114 is with the first dc voltage (V
Dc) convert an AC voltage to, also convert an AC voltage amplification to have sine-shaped second dc voltage then through rectification.Sinusoidal dc voltage through rectification also is known as the pulsation dc voltage.In addition, Fig. 1 shows the capacitor C of the output that is connected to bridge rectifier 108.The function of capacitor is a filtering switching frequency harmonic wave from second dc voltage.Voltage with capacitor C two ends is directed to expansion device 110 then, and sine-shaped second dc voltage that expansion device 110 will have through rectification converts the 2nd AC voltage that is synchronized to, to the AC grid sources input to be provided.Therefore significantly, operate expansion device 110 through switch under output AC line voltage frequency.It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that any suitable gate-controlled switch can be used for the dc voltage waveform through rectification of alternation on the half period is deployed into the AC source.For example, switch S 5-S8 can be MOSFET, bipolar junction transistor (BJT) etc.
According to embodiments of the invention, solar inverter can be according to one or more predetermined connection mode operations.Predetermined connection mode can be but be not limited to stand-alone mode and electrical network connection mode.When solar inverter is constrained on electrical network connection mode following time, the AC voltage on the sensing AC electrical network, and from the alternation zero crossing of sensing AC voltage, draw gate-control signal.When solar inverter is operated according to stand-alone mode, that the reference current waveshape that the phase-locked loop (PPL) shown in switch S 5-S8 and Fig. 2 is produced is synchronous.
In addition, the controller 112 of Fig. 1 produces a plurality of drive signals, a plurality of drive signals is advanced one one offer DC/DC resonance converter 114.The output of DC/DC resonance converter 114 changes along with the change of the switching frequency of drive signal, and changes through under light-load conditions or low output voltage, changing pulsewidth.The detailed operation of controller 112 is described below in conjunction with Fig. 2.
According to the embodiment of the invention, aforesaid inverter circuit 100 can be the part of solar inverter.In solar inverter, input is connected to dc voltage source (V
Dc).According to another embodiment of the present invention, solar inverter can independently use, with the V from the dc voltage source
DcProduce AC output.According to another embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of solar inverters can be connected in parallel with each other, and the output of each solar inverter can be provided to the electricity supply of load (for example, building/family).
During operation, the electric bridge inverter 102 of DC/DC resonance converter 114 is operated according to one or more predetermined switch patterns.One or more predetermined switch patterns can include but not limited to: full electric bridge pattern, half-bridge pattern, PWM mode, pulse-skip pattern and AC line voltage distribution pulse-skip pattern.DC/DC resonance converter 114 can be known as resonance converter simply.Be based on output place that launches device 110 and produce gain required during the sinusoidal envelope of rectification, resonance converter can be operated according to the predetermined switch pattern.When importing the output voltage high (having relatively high expectations from the gain that outputs to input voltage) that dc voltage is low and requirement produces, transducer is operated according to full electric bridge pattern so.In same circuit, require owing to can be used for the high voltage input of solar panels and need change when gain than low output voltage (gaining) from the low-voltage that outputs to input, transducer is operated according to the half-bridge pattern so.Between the peak period of sinusoidal wave (sinusoidal envelope), resonance converter is operated according to full electric bridge pattern.To drop on the device peak value half the when following when gain, the shutoff of one of mains switch of electric bridge inverter 102.For example, if S4 connects and S3 turn-offs, then resonance converter/circuit is operated according to the half-bridge pattern.
In addition, controller 112 is through producing the gain that the variable power switch frequency is come control inverter circuit 110, and the variable power switch frequency switches to resonance converter according at least a pattern operation in the above switching mode.In each above-mentioned switching mode, there are four kinds of constructions of switch of electric bridge inverter 102, describe these four kinds of constructions of switch in detail in conjunction with the circuit of Fig. 5 a, 6a and the sequential chart of Fig. 5 b and 6b.
According to embodiments of the invention, method of the present invention can realize being used for but be not limited to little inverter and serial type inverter (string inverter).Little inverter comprises inverter of each solar panels, and the serial type inverter comprises an inverter that is used for a plurality of solar panels.
Aforesaid the present invention helps to use the load resonant transducer in the solar inverter with control technology, and this control technology provides the load and the input voltage of wide region.Control technology of the present invention provides accurate voltage control under the load variations of wide region.In addition, realize high efficiency manipulation through ZVT or " soft switch " technology to solar inverter.During using the circuit operation of zero voltage switching technology, energized switch S 1-S4 is to provide in the transformer electric current of the energy path of flowing through.Through using the inverse parallel diode D1-D4 of suitable switching frequency and mains switch S1-S4, before these switch connections, on mains switch, keep no-voltage.The working load resonant circuit helps the DC/DC resonance converter of solar inverter more than the resonance frequency of LC accumulator, to operate.In resonant operation, the increase of switching frequency causes the reduction of transformer voltage.The improvement technology that is provided for solar inverter has that the switch littler than legacy system damages and than the assembly of employed lesser number in the legacy system.
For those of ordinary skills, be to be understood that and use resonance converter to be not limited only to solar inverter.Many other possibility systems that can have the resonance converter that uses and control.
Fig. 2 shows the block diagram according to one or more modules of the controller 112 of the resonant circuit 114 of the embodiment of the invention.As stated, inverter circuit 100 comprises DC/DC resonance converter 114, launches device 110 and controller 112.In order to describe in further detail, controller 112 comprises MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) computing module 202, phase-locked loop (PLL) line frequency rectifier 204, current regulator 206, modulator 208, the first gate driver 210, zero crossing detector 212 and the second gate driver 214.
Can also be with reference current I
SetWith current sensor I
SensBe applied to current regulator 206, current regulator 206 is with current sensor I
SensWith reference current I
SetCompare, provide through regulating electric current in output place.Subsequently, to modulator 208 output that produces from current regulator 206 is provided.Modulator 208 produces the output signal that comprises duty ratio 1 signal, duty ratio 2 signals, frequency signal and pulse-skip signal.According to embodiments of the invention, duty ratio 1 signal is the duty ratio of first switch leads (leg) that comprises the switch source of S1 and S2.Duty ratio 2 signals are the duty ratios of second switch lead-in wire that comprise the switch source of S3 and S4.In addition, frequency signal is represented the switching frequency of input bridge, and the pulse-skip signal is used under extremely low power output, producing pulse-skip.The combination of predetermined switch pattern can be used to operate resonance converter 114, thereby produces output expeditiously.The output of modulator 208 is offered the first gate driver 210, and the first gate driver, 210 control switch S1-S4 are according to one or more switch mode operation as stated.The scheduled operation switching mode of resonance converter is described in addition, in more detail.
Fig. 3 shows according to the modulator output that changes with respect to control variables under the normal load condition of the embodiment of the invention and changes.Fig. 3 shows duty ratio 1 signal, duty ratio 2 signals and frequency signal.Draw said signal according to full electric bridge pattern, half-bridge pattern and PWM mode to control variables.Control variables can be at least one in electric current and the voltage.
Fig. 4 shows another variation of exporting with respect to the modulator of control variables according under the low loading condition of the embodiment of the invention.Fig. 4 shows pulse-skip signal, duty ratio 1 signal, duty ratio 2 signals and frequency signal.Draw these signals according to full electric bridge pattern, half-bridge pattern, PWM mode, pulse-skip pattern and AC line voltage distribution pulse-skip pattern to control variables.
According to each embodiment of the present invention, defined the predetermined switch pattern of resonance converter 100 here.In full electric bridge pattern, each among the switch S 1-S4 is exercisable, and to top switch (for example, S1) with bottom switch (for example, S4) duty ratio of realization near 50%.In Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b, illustrated according to the operation of full electric bridge pattern and the gate sequence of switch.
In the half-bridge pattern, switch S 2 keeps turn-offing, and switch S 3 maintenance connections, makes electric bridge inverter 102 and half-bridge transducer operate similarly.The duty ratio that realizes to the operation of S1 and S4 according to this pattern is near 50%.Operation and switch gate sequence according to the half-bridge pattern have been shown in Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b.
In AC line voltage distribution pulse-skip pattern, resonance converter turn-offs in some line voltage cycles fully.This has increased underloaded efficient.
Fig. 5 a shows the circuit diagram according to the high gain operation of the inverter circuit of the embodiment of the invention.Typically, high gain operation comprises four console switch structures of inverter circuit (that is 502,504,506 and 508 (being referred to as 502-508)).
When according to 502 operations of first construction of switch, mains switch S1 and S4 connect.Therefore, flow through mains switch S1, inductor L of electric current
s, capacitor C
s, mains switch S4, and be back to power supply.According to 504 operating periods of second switch structure, all mains switch S1-S4 turn-off at electric bridge inverter 102, and electric current flow through diode D2 and D3 unfetteredly.During according to the 3rd construction of switch 506, mains switch S2 and S3 connect, and electric current flow through mains switch S3, capacitor C
s, inductor L
sWith mains switch S2.Because the voltage at mains switch S2 and S3 two ends is because the conduction of current (according to the operation of second switch structure 504) of flow through diode D2 and D3 is zero, so mains switch S2 and S3 have zero connection loss in the moment according to the connection of the 3rd construction of switch.
At last, in the operating period according to first construction of switch 508, all four mains switch S1-S4 turn-off, and electric current flow through diode D4, inductor L
sWith diode D1.The operation that it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that electric bridge inverter 102 is disposed among the 502-508 like said continuation, so that high-gain output to be provided in each switch periods according to four switches.In addition, the voltage at mains switch S1 and S4 two ends is at each switch periods time alternation.For example, after operation is accomplished more than four switches dispose among the 502-508, during next switch periods, the voltage vanishing at mains switch S1 and S4 two ends.
Fig. 5 b representes to show the sequential chart according to the various signals of the inverter circuit of the embodiment of the invention.Said sequential chart comprises the expression of first signal 510, secondary signal 512 and the 3rd signal 514.
The gate voltage at each mains switch S1 and S4 two ends is referred to as V
G1-V
G4First signal 510 shows inverter circuit 100 according to operating period (mains switch S1 and S4 connect) the mains switch S1 of first construction of switch 502 and the gate voltage V at S4 two ends therebetween
G1And V
G4Similarly, secondary signal 512 shows at inverter circuit 100 according to operating period (therebetween, mains switch S2 and S3 connect) the difference mains switch S2 of the 3rd construction of switch 506 and the gate voltage V at S3 two ends
G2And V
G3The 3rd signal 514 shows current waveform I
I, and expression offers the voltage V of the primary coil of transformer 106
ABStream of pulses.Voltage V
ABBe poor between the voltage of voltage and secondary signal 512 of first signal 510.In addition, current waveform I
IBe four AC waveforms that console switch structure 502-508 produces accordingly with inverter circuit 100.Current waveform I
IIt is the time time-dependent current at transformer 106 two ends.
Potential pulse stream and current waveform I shown in the 3rd signal 514
IBe based on four console switch structure 502-508.For example, during first construction of switch 502, when voltage switch S1 and S4 conducting, the voltage at transformer 106 two ends rises to V
pThe electric current at mains switch two ends rises in positive period and flows.In addition, during the 3rd construction of switch 506, when mains switch S2 and S3 conducting, voltage and current alternation on phase place at transformer 106 two ends; But has same magnitude.When circuit during according to second switch structure 504 and the operation of the 4th construction of switch 508, parasite current flow through respectively inverse parallel diode D2-D3 and D1-D4.Therefore, connecting (during first construction of switch 502 and the 3rd construction of switch 506) constantly, mains switch has zero and connects loss.
Fig. 6 a shows the circuit diagram of the low gain operation of inverter.Typically, the low gain operation comprises four console switch structures of inverter circuit (that is, 602,604,606 and 608) (being referred to as 602-608).
According to 602 operating periods of first construction of switch, mains switch S1 and S4 connect.Therefore, flow through mains switch S1, inductor L of electric current
s, capacitor C
s, mains switch S4, and be back to power supply.In addition, according to 604 operating periods of second switch structure, mains switch S1, S2 and S3 turn-off at electric bridge inverter 102, and mains switch S4 keeps connecting.Electric current flow through diode D2, inductor L unfetteredly
s, capacitor C
sWith mains switch S4.During according to the 3rd construction of switch 606, mains switch S2 and S4 connect, and mains switch S1 and S3 turn-off.Electric current flow through mains switch S2, S4, capacitor C
sWith inductor L
sBecause the voltage at mains switch S2 two ends is owing to the conduction of the electric current of the diode D2 that flows through is zero, therefore according to the operating period of second switch structure 604, mains switch S2 has zero in the operating period according to construction of switch 608 constantly in connection and connects loss.
At last, according to the operating period of the 4th construction of switch 608, mains switch S1, S2 and S3 turn-off, and mains switch S4 keeps connecting.Electric current flow through mains switch S4 and diode D1.The operation that it is obvious to the skilled person that electric bridge inverter 102 is according to four construction of switch 602-608 such as said continuation, so that low gain output to be provided in each switch periods.In addition, the voltage at mains switch S1 two ends is at each switch periods time alternation.For example, after the operation, during next switch periods, voltage is in mains switch S1 two ends vanishing more than accomplishing according to four construction of switch 602-608.
Fig. 6 b shows the sequential chart according to each signal of the inverter circuit of the embodiment of the invention.Said sequential chart comprises the expression of first signal 610, secondary signal 620 and the 3rd signal 614.
The gate voltage at each mains switch S1, S2, S3 and S4 two ends is called V respectively
G1, V
G2, V
G3And V
G4First signal 610 shows the gate voltage V of the inverter circuit of solar inverter 100 according to first construction of switch 602 operating periods (mains switch S1 and S4 connect) mains switch S1 two ends therebetween
G1Similarly, secondary signal 612 shows at the gate voltage V of inverter circuit 100 according to the 3rd construction of switch 606 operating periods (therebetween, mains switch S2 and S4 connect) mains switch S2 two ends
G2The 3rd signal 614 shows current waveform I
I, and expression offers the voltage V of the primary coil of transformer 106
ABStream of pulses.Voltage V
ABBe poor between the voltage of voltage and secondary signal 612 of first signal 610.In addition, current waveform I
IBe four AC waveforms that console switch structure 602-608 produces accordingly with inverter circuit 100.Current waveform I
IIt is the time time-dependent current at transformer 106 two ends.
Potential pulse stream and current waveform I shown in the 3rd signal 614
IBe based on four console switch structure 602-608.For example, during first construction of switch 602, when mains switch S1 and S4 conducting, the voltage at transformer 106 two ends rises to V
pThe electric current at mains switch two ends rises in positive period and flows.During the 3rd construction of switch 606, when mains switch S2 and S4 conducting, voltage and current alternation on phase place at transformer 106 two ends; But has same magnitude.In addition, when circuit during according to second switch structure 604 and the operation of the 4th construction of switch 608, parasite current flow through respectively inverse parallel secondary D2 and D1.Therefore, connecting (during first construction of switch 602 and the 3rd construction of switch 606) constantly, mains switch has zero and connects loss.
Fig. 7 a shows the sequential chart of operating according to PWM mode according to the resonance converter of the embodiment of the invention.Said sequential chart is depicted as expression first signal 702, secondary signal 704, the 3rd signal 706 and the 4th signal 708.
The gate voltage at each mains switch S1, S2, S3 and S4 two ends be called with Fig. 7 a in signal 702,704,706 and 708 corresponding V
G1, V
G2, V
G3And V
G4
Fig. 7 b is the sequential chart of operating according to pulse-skip pattern and half-bridge pattern according to the resonance converter of the embodiment of the invention.Sequential chart shows first signal 710, secondary signal 712, the 3rd signal 714, the 4th signal 716 and pulse-skip signal 718.
The gate voltage at each mains switch S1, S2, S3 and S4 two ends be called with Fig. 7 b in signal 710,712,714 and 716 corresponding V
G1, V
G2, V
G3And V
G4In addition, in the half-bridge pattern, apply pulse-skip signal 718.
Fig. 7 c is the sequential chart of operating according to AC potential pulse dancing mode and full electric bridge pattern according to the resonance converter of the embodiment of the invention.Sequential chart shows first signal 720, secondary signal 722 and pulse-skip signal 724.
The gate voltage at each mains switch S1-S4 two ends be known as with Fig. 7 b in signal 710,712,714 and 716 corresponding V
G1, V
G2, V
G3And V
G4In addition, apply pulse jump signal 718 in the half-bridge pattern.
Fig. 7 c is the sequential chart of doing in AC potential pulse dancing mode and full electric bridge mode according to the resonance converter of the embodiment of the invention.Sequential chart shows first signal 720, secondary signal 722 and pulse-skip signal 724.
The gate voltage at each mains switch S1-S4 two ends is referred to as V
G1-V
G4And it is corresponding with signal 720.In addition, the gate voltage at each mains switch S2-S3 two ends is referred to as V
G2-V
G3And it is corresponding with signal 722.Shown in Fig. 7 a, said circuit is operated according to PWM mode.The pulsewidth of gate-control signal changes in response to control variables.Reduced-current output if desired, then said circuit is operated according to the half-bridge pattern.Said gate be frequency controlled and/or pulsewidth controlled.
According to the embodiment of the invention, when requiring under the utmost point low-power function circuit, said circuit is operated according to the pulse-skip pattern.When the pulse-skip signal was high, bridge switches S1, S2, S3 and S4 continued their normal running, and for example, switch is according to half-bridge pattern or full electric bridge pattern operation.When the pulse-skip signal was low, switch S 1, S2, S3 and S4 turn-offed so.This economizes on electricity according to the low-power output mode.In addition, contrast signal 720 and 722 applies pulse-skip signal 724 according to full electric bridge pattern.
Fig. 8 shows the flow chart of method that is used for controlling the resonance converter that solar inverter uses according to the embodiment of the invention.Resonance converter can comprise the combination of one or more inductors, one or more capacitor and inductor and capacitor.
At first, at 802 places, based on power supply and the current value and the solar inverter output generation reference current of direct current (DC) voltage source.The flow valuve of said benchmark electricity is corresponding with maximum power point.Maximum power point is that the dc voltage source operates in to guarantee from the value of dc voltage source Maximum Power Output.In addition, produce the waveform of reference current through PLL line frequency rectifier 204.PLL line frequency rectifier 204 and AC synchronized.Then, at 804 places, reference current is compared with current sensor.After carrying out relatively, at 806 places, modulator 208 produces the operation of drive signal with the control resonance converter.Through resonance converter is switched to the operation that another predetermined switch pattern (half-bridge switches pattern) is controlled resonance converter from a predetermined switch pattern (for example, full bridge switches pattern).In addition, the control resonance converter is to produce an AC voltage.Said method comprises through the predetermined switch pattern that changes resonance converter controls the voltage from the dc voltage source.In addition, this method comprises the zero crossing of confirming solar inverter output.
Fig. 9 shows the flow chart that produces electric power according to the controlled resonant circuit of the use of the embodiment of the invention.
At first, at 902 places, the dc voltage source V of Fig. 1
DcProduce first dc voltage.After this,, produce an AC voltage according to first dc voltage at 904 places.Use controlled resonance converter to produce an AC voltage.As stated, resonance converter is operated according to the predetermined switch pattern.Then, at 906 places, an AC voltage is amplified, wherein an AC voltage is amplified by transformer 106.After amplifying, at 908 places, an AC voltage transitions of amplifying is become the dc voltage through rectification, conversion is carried out by bridge rectifier 108.Dc voltage through rectification is sinusoidal wave through the DC of rectification.At last, at step 910 place,, will convert the 2nd AC voltage that will be supplied to main electrical network to through the dc voltage of rectification through launching dc voltage through rectification.This can carry out through launching device 110.This method comprises the gate-control signal that produces to the expansion device 110 of solar inverter.In addition, launch device at least one operation according to electrical network connection mode and stand-alone mode.
The invention described above has various advantages.Particularly, the present invention provides a kind of improvement topological structure that is used for controlling the solar inverter resonance converter.Said improved topological structure helps high efficiency and reliability, has reduced cost and has needed a spot of assembly.Because said topological structure needs a spot of assembly, so solar inverter consumes less space.The present invention also concentrates on and only uses a switching stage, and this helps farthest to reduce switch or frequency loss.In addition, said topological structure concentrates on and on the operating condition of wide region, controls resonance converter efficiently.
As according to the invention, the method and system that is used to control resonance converter or its any assembly can be realized with the form of embedded controller.Other equipment or apparatus arrangement that the typical case of embedded controller comprises all-purpose computer, programmable microprocessor, microcontroller, peripheral integrated circuit component, ASIC (special circuit), PLC (programmable logic controller (PLC)) and can realize constituting the step of the inventive method.
Embedded controller execution store instruction (or program command) set in one or more memory elements is imported data to handle.These memory elements can also keep data or other information as required, and can be employed in the information source that occurs in the handling machine or the form of physical memory element.Instruction set can comprise each order of indication handling machine execution particular task (for example constituting the step of the inventive method).Instruction set can adopt the form of software or firmware program.In addition, software or firmware can adopt a large amount of separation program, have form than the part of the program module of large program or program module.
Although explained and described each embodiment of the present invention, be clear that to the invention is not restricted to these embodiment.Under the prerequisite that does not deviate from spirit and scope of the invention, various modifications, change, variation, replacement and equivalent are conspicuous to those skilled in the art.
Claims (19)
1. method that is used for controlling the resonance converter that solar inverter uses, said method comprises:
Produce the AC electric current based on the voltage and current value of direct current (DC) voltage source and the output of solar inverter;
Reference current is compared with current sensor, and wherein said current sensor is from the output of solar inverter, to collect;
Be used to control a plurality of drive signals of the operation of resonance converter based on relatively producing of reference current and current sensor, wherein the operation of resonance converter is through controlling according to one or more predetermined switch mode switch resonance converters.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, said one or more predetermined switch patterns comprise following at least one: full electric bridge pattern, half-bridge pattern, PWM mode, pulse-skip pattern and AC line voltage distribution pulse-skip pattern.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, said resonance converter comprise following at least one: one or more inductors and one or more capacitor.
4. method according to claim 1 wherein, is controlled said resonance converter to produce an AC voltage.
5. method according to claim 1 wherein, produces reference current and also comprises:
(a) produce and the corresponding reference current value of maximum power point; And
(b) waveform of the said reference current of generation.
6. method according to claim 5, wherein, said waveform is produced by phase-locked loop (PLL), said PLL and AC synchronized.
7. method according to claim 1 also comprises: the one or more predetermined switch patterns through changing resonance converter are controlled the voltage from the dc voltage source.
8. method according to claim 1 also comprises: the zero crossing of confirming the output of solar inverter.
9. method of using controlled resonance converter to produce electric power, said method comprises:
Produce first direct current (DC) voltage;
Use controlled resonance converter to produce first according to first dc voltage and exchange (AC) voltage, said controlled resonance converter is operated according to one or more predetermined switch patterns;
The one AC voltage is amplified;
The AC voltage transitions of amplifying is become the dc voltage through rectification; And
To convert the 2nd AC voltage through the dc voltage of rectification to, wherein the 2nd AC voltage and AC mains frequency are synchronous.
10. method according to claim 9, wherein, said dc voltage through rectification is sinusoidal wave through the DC of rectification.
11. method according to claim 9, wherein, said dc voltage through rectification converts the 2nd AC voltage to and carries out through launching device.
12. method according to claim 11, wherein, said expansion device is according to following one of at least operation: electrical network connection mode and stand-alone mode.
13. method according to claim 12 wherein, is launched device according to the operation of electrical network connection mode and is comprised: confirm that alternation zero crossing place launches the gate-control signal of device.
14. method according to claim 12 wherein, is launched device according to stand-alone mode operation and is comprised: will launch electric current and reference current is synchronous.
15. a system that is used for controlling the resonance converter that solar inverter uses, said system comprises:
MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) computing module, be used to calculate the dc voltage source with the corresponding voltage and current value of maximum power point, wherein calculate said voltage and current value to produce reference current;
Phase-locked loop (PLL) line frequency rectifier is used to produce the waveform of reference current;
Current regulator is used for reference current is compared with current sensor, and wherein said current sensor is to collect from the output of solar inverter; And
Modulator is used to control a plurality of drive signals that resonance converter is operated based on relatively producing of reference current and current sensor, wherein through control the operation of resonance converter according to one or more predetermined switch mode switch resonance converters.
16. system according to claim 15, wherein said resonance converter comprise following at least one: one or more inductors and one or more capacitor.
17. system according to claim 15 also comprises: the first gate driver is used for operating said resonance converter based on the drive signal that produces.
18. system according to claim 15 also comprises: zero crossing detector is used to produce the gate-control signal to the expansion device of solar inverter.
19. system according to claim 15 also comprises: the second gate driver is used for the output of solar inverter and the Frequency Synchronization of line voltage.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US33866910P | 2010-02-22 | 2010-02-22 | |
| US61/338,669 | 2010-02-22 | ||
| PCT/US2011/000318 WO2011102910A1 (en) | 2010-02-22 | 2011-02-22 | Method and system for controlling resonant converters used in solar inverters |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102835011A true CN102835011A (en) | 2012-12-19 |
Family
ID=44483235
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011800103604A Pending CN102835011A (en) | 2010-02-22 | 2011-02-22 | Method and system for controlling resonant converters used in solar inverters |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2539997A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102835011A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2011218467A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112012021083A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2789574A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011102910A1 (en) |
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| CN109921739A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2019-06-21 | 立锜科技股份有限公司 | Optical energy circuit and its resonance circuit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2789574A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
| BR112012021083A2 (en) | 2018-04-03 |
| AU2011218467A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
| WO2011102910A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
| EP2539997A1 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
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Inventor after: Joshi Madhu Inventor after: Modick Bruce Inventor after: Titi Tradafield Inventor after: Decker Ron Inventor after: Kutkut Nasser Inventor before: Joshi Madhu Inventor before: Modick Bruce Inventor before: Transdafir Titi Inventor before: Decker Ron Inventor before: Kutkut Nasser |
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Application publication date: 20121219 |