CN102801179A - Photovoltaic grid-connected micro-inverter system - Google Patents
Photovoltaic grid-connected micro-inverter system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102801179A CN102801179A CN2011101378767A CN201110137876A CN102801179A CN 102801179 A CN102801179 A CN 102801179A CN 2011101378767 A CN2011101378767 A CN 2011101378767A CN 201110137876 A CN201110137876 A CN 201110137876A CN 102801179 A CN102801179 A CN 102801179A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention relates to a photovoltaic grid-connected micro-inverter system. The input voltage and current of a single solar panel component are detected, a Flyback topological circuit structure is used for obtaining the maximum energy output of solar panels by utilizing a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology to design a 150 to 250W photovoltaic grid-connected micro-inverter, each solar panel is subjected to independent component inversion, and alternating current bus voltage is directly output, so that maximum power and maximum energy output can be obtained from each component, and the maximum energy conversion efficiency of the whole solar panel array can be achieved. A high-cost and highly-risky high-voltage direct current circuit is eliminated, and the influence of an independent defective component on the other components is avoided, so that the overall efficiency of the system cannot be remarkably reduced, and the shortcomings of the conventional centralized inverter are overcome. The system has the characteristics of low failure rate, high flexibility and convenience for maintenance, and is easy to mount.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of photovoltaic power generation, particularly relate to a kind of direct micropower inverter system at the enterprising capable parallel network reverse of photovoltaic cell board component.
Background technology
The photovoltaic combining inverter common structural is centralized at present.So-called " centralized " be meant some photovoltaic solar cell plates through parallel connection be composed in series an array; Produce powerful direct voltage, direct current energy is converted into and electrical network same frequency, synchronous sine-wave current feed-in electrical network through combining inverter concentrated then.The not only adventurous hvdc circuit of " centralized " combining inverter, assembly also requires unanimity as far as possible during installation, array structure change and dilatation difficulty.And " centralized " combining inverter is to the actual environment bad adaptability; Shade blocks such as occurring in the practical application, when cloud and mist variation, dirt accumulation and component efficiency decay the undesirable condition in unequal inside and outside; Problem component can influence other assembly of system separately, thereby has significantly reduced entire system efficient.In case breaking down, the single battery plate can cause the whole system fault.When centralized inverter breaks down, the energy that the whole solar cell plate array produces will waste, and energy loss is big.And grid-connected little inverter is a kind of directly at the micropower inverter of the enterprising capable parallel network reverse of photovoltaic cell board component, more can embody " distributed " characteristics of solar energy.The micropower inverter of distributed structure/architecture; Owing to make each battery panel components all have the MPPT function; Not only can improve solar photovoltaic conversion rate 20%, and because failure risk has disperseed, the failure rate of whole system is very low than centralized inversion; Can not overcome the weak link of traditional centralized inverter because of Single Point of Faliure causes the whole system fault.Set-up time and cost also reduce by 15%～25%.
Summary of the invention
Target of the present invention is the shortcoming to centralized photovoltaic combining inverter; Directly in the enterprising capable inversion of photovoltaic cell board component; Direct output AC busbar voltage; Thereby can obtain peak power and ceiling capacity output respectively from each battery panel components, make solar panel array integral body reach maximum energy conversion efficiency.Remedied the deficiency of prior art.
The present invention solves this technical problem the technical scheme that is adopted: system is made up of FlyBack translation circuit, bridge inverter main circuit, the EMC circuit that is incorporated into the power networks, electrical network phase detecting circuit, microcontroller.The FlyBack translation circuit obtains photovoltaic voltage from solar cell panel assembly, and the former limit of transformer is the switching tube of 2 push-pull type high frequency SPWM work, carries out modulation of network access current sinusoidal and MPPT control, realizes the Current-Source Mode High Frequency conversion.Isolate through transformer in the middle of after the employing MPPT algorithm acquisition maximum power; Carry out inversion through bridge inverter main circuit again; Two branch roads of secondary power frequency period of respectively working half, every branch road has the switching tube of a power frequency control, complementary conductings of two switching tubes of secondary and and synchronized.Simultaneously, the electrical network phase detecting circuit carries out zero passage detection, gives microcontroller with zero cross signal.Obtain current amplitude and the synchronous unit of electrical network half-sinusoid by the MPPT algorithm and multiply each other and obtain modulating wave, again with triangular carrier relatively, obtain the required SPWM drive signal of former limit switching tube through proportional plus integral control.And 2 switching tube drive signals of secondary are directly obtained through zero passage testing circuit (ZCD:Zero Crossing Detection) by the electrical network sampled signal, both complementary conductings.Like this, sine wave AC signal that the microprocessor controls inverter circuit produces and electrical network same frequency, same-phase through the EMC circuit feed-in electrical network that is incorporated into the power networks, are accomplished the assembly invert function.
According to the polarity of output voltage and secondary side inductive current, this circuit has four kinds of mode of operations.Each mode of operation is equivalent to an anti-sharp DC/DC converter, constitutes a flybcak converter.Work as u
o＞0, i
o＞0 o'clock, S1 high frequency chopping, S3 normal open, power supply U
iTo load Z
LTransmit energy; Work as u
o＜0, i
o＞0 o'clock, S
3Copped wave, S
4Normal open, load Z
LTo power supply U
iFeedback energy; Work as u
o＜0, i
o＜0 o'clock, S
2High frequency chopping, S
4Normal open, power supply U
iTo load Z
LTransmit energy; Work as u
o＞0, i
o＜0 o'clock, S
4Copped wave, S
3Normal open, load ZL is to power supply Ui feedback energy.
In order to make foregoing circuit carry out inversion, at isolating transformer secondary and S
3, S
4Between seal in 2 diode D respectively
11And D
22, and the afterflow inductance L
fThe complementary conducting of two switching tubes of secondary; Voltage-current relationship is identical on two branch roads of power frequency positive-negative half-cycle, in certain switch periods, when certain the switching tube S conducting of former limit; The linear rising of the former limit of anti-violent change depressor this moment inductive current, its current peak is by ON time (duty ratio) decision of S.When former limit switching tube S turn-offs, this moment secondary diode D
11Conducting.Energy is discharged into electrical network through anti-violent change depressor secondary.Secondary current is linear afterwards descends, and after secondary current reduces to zero, gets into interrupted.This moment filter capacitor C
fTo mains supply, switching tube conducting again gets into next switch periods up to former limit.
Compared with prior art, remarkable benefit of the present invention is embodied in:
1, the present invention changes traditional centralized photovoltaic inverter structure into the assembly inverter structure, has broken away from high, the dangerous hvdc circuit of cost, and is strong to actual environment adaptability.
2, photovoltaic panel assembly coherence request is reduced; Shade blocks such as occurring in the practical application, when cloud and mist variation, dirt accumulation and component efficiency decay the undesirable condition in unequal inside and outside; Problem component can not influence other assembly separately; Thereby can significantly not reduce entire system efficient, overcome the weak link of traditional centralized inverter.
3, because each photovoltaic cell board component all has the MPPT function, entire system efficient can improve 20% than centralized inversion.System has the advantages that failure rate is low, installation is simple and easy, flexibility is strong, easy to maintenance.Each little inverter structure is identical, can exchange, and makes things convenient for dilatation and maintenance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the little inverter structure sketch map of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the little inverter principle schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the little converter main circuit structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the sketch map of main circuit mode of operation of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the sketch map of another mode of operation of main circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the sketch map of another mode of operation of main circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the sketch map of another mode of operation of main circuit of the present invention
Fig. 8 is an inverter circuit sketch map of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is an inverter circuit course of work sketch map of the present invention;
Figure 10 is another course of work sketch map of inverter circuit of the present invention;
Figure 11 is another course of work sketch map of inverter circuit of the present invention.
Embodiment
To shown in Figure 11, embodiment is like Fig. 1: 1. the FlyBack translation circuit carries out the Current-Source Mode High Frequency conversion with the structure of push-pull circuit topology, and 2. bridge inverter main circuit carries out the power frequency inversion.Can find out that this circuit structure is simple: the former limit of transformer is the switching tube of 2 push-pull type high frequency SPWM work, carries out modulation of network access current sinusoidal and MPPT control; The centre isolates through transformer; Two branch roads of secondary power frequency period of respectively working half.Wherein, every branch road has the switching tube of a power frequency control, complementary conducting of two switching tubes of secondary and and synchronized.
According to the polarity of output voltage and secondary side inductive current, this circuit has four kinds of mode of operations.Each mode of operation is equivalent to an anti-sharp DC/DC converter.Work as u
o＞0, i
o＞0 o'clock, shown in equivalent electric circuit Fig. 4: S1 high frequency chopping, S3 normal open, then U
i, S
1, W
1, W
3, S
3, C
f, Z
LAnd D
4Constitute a flybcak converter, power supply U
iTo load Z
LTransmit energy; Work as u
o＜0, i
o＞0 o'clock, equivalent electric circuit was shown in accompanying drawing 5: S
3Copped wave, S
4Normal open, then U
i, D
2, W
2, W
3, S
3, C
f, Z
LAnd S
4Constitute a flybcak converter, load Z
LTo power supply U
iFeedback energy; Work as u
o＜0, i
o＜0 o'clock, equivalent electric circuit was shown in accompanying drawing 6: S
2High frequency chopping, S
4Normal open, then U
i, S
2, W
2, W
3, C
f, Z
L, S
4And D
3Constitute a flybcak converter, power supply U
iTo load Z
LTransmit energy; Work as u
o＞0, i
o＜0 o'clock, equivalent electric circuit was shown in accompanying drawing 7: S
4Copped wave, S
3Normal open, then U
i, D
1, W
1, W
3, S
3, C
f, Z
LAnd S
4Constitute a flybcak converter, load ZL is to power supply Ui feedback energy.
In order to make foregoing circuit carry out inversion, at isolating transformer secondary and S
3, S
4Between seal in 2 diode D respectively
11And D
22, and the afterflow inductance L
f, shown in accompanying drawing 8.Because the complementary conducting of two switching tubes of secondary, voltage-current relationship is identical on two branch roads of power frequency positive-negative half-cycle, is example with the positive half cycle of power frequency therefore, and the course of work of inverter is described.In certain switch periods, when certain the switching tube S conducting of former limit, shown in accompanying drawing 9.The linear rising of the former limit of anti-violent change depressor this moment inductive current, its current peak is by ON time (duty ratio) decision of S.When former limit switching tube S turn-offs, shown in accompanying drawing 10.This moment secondary diode D
11Conducting.Energy is discharged into electrical network through anti-violent change depressor secondary.Secondary current is linear afterwards descends, and after secondary current reduces to zero, gets into intermittently, as shown in Figure 11.This moment filter capacitor C
fTo mains supply, switching tube conducting again gets into next switch periods up to former limit.
The present invention changes traditional centralized photovoltaic inverter structure into the assembly inverter structure, and promptly little inverter has been broken away from high, the dangerous hvdc circuit of cost, and is strong to actual environment adaptability.Simultaneously; Photovoltaic panel assembly coherence request is reduced; Shade blocks such as occurring in the practical application, when cloud and mist variation, dirt accumulation and component efficiency decay the undesirable condition in unequal inside and outside; Problem component can not influence other assembly separately, thereby can significantly not reduce entire system efficient, has overcome the weak link of traditional centralized inverter.Because each photovoltaic cell board component all has the MPPT function, entire system efficient can improve 20% than centralized inversion.System has the advantages that failure rate is low, installation is simple and easy, flexibility is strong, easy to maintenance.
The present invention compared with prior art, overall structure flexibly but compact, dependable performance, efficient is high, and is easy to maintenance.Each little inverter structure is identical, can exchange, and makes things convenient for dilatation and maintenance.
Claims (7)
1. grid-connected little inverter system, it is characterized in that: system is made up of FlyBack translation circuit, bridge inverter main circuit, the EMC circuit that is incorporated into the power networks, electrical network phase detecting circuit and microcontroller; The FlyBack translation circuit obtains photovoltaic voltage from solar cell panel assembly, adopts the MPPT algorithm to obtain to carry out inversion through bridge inverter main circuit after the maximum power; The electrical network phase detecting circuit carries out zero passage detection simultaneously, gives microcontroller with zero cross signal; Obtain current amplitude and the synchronous unit of electrical network half-sinusoid by the MPPT algorithm and multiply each other and obtain modulating wave, again with triangular carrier relatively, obtain the required SPWM drive signal of former limit switching tube through proportional plus integral control; And two switching tube drive signals of secondary are directly obtained through zero passage testing circuit (ZCD:Zero Crossing Detection) by the electrical network sampled signal, both complementary conductings; Sine wave AC signal that the microprocessor controls inverter circuit produces and electrical network same frequency, same-phase are through the EMC circuit feed-in electrical network that is incorporated into the power networks; The FlyBack translation circuit carries out the Current-Source Mode High Frequency conversion with the structure of push-pull circuit topology, and bridge inverter main circuit carries out the power frequency inversion; Work as u
o＞0, i
o＞0 o'clock, S1 high frequency chopping, S3 normal open, then U
i, S
1, W
1, W
3, S
3, C
f, Z
LAnd D
4Constitute a flybcak converter, power supply U
iTo load Z
LTransmit energy; Work as u
o＜0, i
o＞0 o'clock, S
3Copped wave, S
4Normal open, then U
i, D
2, W
2, W
3, S
3, C
f, Z
LAnd S
4Constitute a flybcak converter, load Z
LTo power supply U
iFeedback energy; Work as u
o＜0, i
o＜0 o'clock, S
2High frequency chopping, S
4Normal open, then U
i, S
2, W
2, W
3, C
f, Z
L, S
4And D
3Constitute a flybcak converter, power supply U
iTo load Z
LTransmit energy; Work as u
o＞0, i
o＜0 o'clock, S
4Copped wave, S
3Normal open, then U
i, D
1, W
1, W
3, S
3, C
f, Z
LAnd S
4Constitute a flybcak converter, load ZL is to power supply Ui feedback energy; In order to make foregoing circuit carry out inversion, at isolating transformer secondary and S
3, S
4Between seal in 2 diode D respectively
11And D
22, and the afterflow inductance L
fIn certain switch periods, when certain the switching tube S conducting of former limit, the former limit of anti-violent change depressor inductive current is linear to rise, and its current peak is by ON time (duty ratio) decision of S; When former limit switching tube S turn-offs, secondary diode D
11Conducting.Energy is discharged into electrical network through anti-violent change depressor secondary; Secondary current is linear afterwards descends, and after secondary current reduces to zero, gets into intermittently filter capacitor C
fTo mains supply, switching tube conducting again gets into next switch periods up to former limit.
2. a kind of grid-connected little inverter system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the former limit of said transformer is that the switching tube composition FlyBack translation circuit of 2 push-pull type high frequency SPWM work carries out the Current-Source Mode High Frequency conversion, i.e. current sinusoidal modulation and MPPT control.
3. a kind of grid-connected little inverter system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said inverter structure is a bridge inverter main circuit, with the FlyBack translation circuit be to isolate through transformer.
4. a kind of grid-connected little inverter system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: two branch roads of said transformer secondary power frequency period of respectively working half; Every branch road has the switching tube of a power frequency control, complementary conducting of two switching tubes of secondary and and synchronized.
5. a kind of grid-connected little inverter system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said electrical network phase detecting circuit carries out zero passage detection, gives microcontroller with zero cross signal; Obtain current amplitude and the synchronous unit of electrical network half-sinusoid by the MPPT algorithm and multiply each other and obtain modulating wave, again with triangular carrier relatively, obtain the required SPWM drive signal of former limit switching tube through proportional plus integral control.
6. a kind of grid-connected little inverter system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: 2 switching tube drive signals of said transformer secondary are directly obtained through the zero passage testing circuit by the electrical network sampled signal, both complementary conductings; Like this, sine wave AC signal that the microprocessor controls inverter circuit produces and electrical network same frequency, same-phase are through the EMC circuit feed-in electrical network that is incorporated into the power networks.
7. a kind of grid-connected little inverter system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said little inverter carries out independently assembly inversion to every solar panel, direct output AC busbar voltage, the grid-connected energy of generation is 150W～250W.
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| CN2011101378767A CN102801179A (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2011-05-26 | Photovoltaic grid-connected micro-inverter system |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011101378767A CN102801179A (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2011-05-26 | Photovoltaic grid-connected micro-inverter system |
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| CN102801179A true CN102801179A (en) | 2012-11-28 |
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| CN2011101378767A Pending CN102801179A (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2011-05-26 | Photovoltaic grid-connected micro-inverter system |
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Cited By (8)
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| CN103208939A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-07-17 | 江西中能电气科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic micro-inverter based on secondary-side reference current reconstruction, control system and control method |
| CN103647453A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-03-19 | 中南大学 | CCM-based micro inverter and control method thereof |
| CN106208134A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-07 | 常熟理工学院 | Grid-connected topology based on three-phase CLC immittance converter and Poewr control method |
| CN103956924B (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2017-06-06 | 苏州微盛特变新能源科技有限公司 | The photovoltaic miniature inverter of double flyback resonance |
| CN108336754A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2018-07-27 | 深圳耐斯特思新能源科技有限公司 | One kind is generated power for their own use photovoltaic synchronization inverter system |
| CN109768726A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | It is a kind of can under illumination bad condition efficiency operation solar inverter |
| US11664663B2 (en) | 2018-09-12 | 2023-05-30 | Semtive Inc. | Micro inverter and controller |
| CN116914773A (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-10-20 | 锦浪科技股份有限公司 | Reactive power control method for micro inverter |
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| CN109768726A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | It is a kind of can under illumination bad condition efficiency operation solar inverter |
| US11664663B2 (en) | 2018-09-12 | 2023-05-30 | Semtive Inc. | Micro inverter and controller |
| CN116914773A (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-10-20 | 锦浪科技股份有限公司 | Reactive power control method for micro inverter |
| CN116914773B (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-12-08 | 锦浪科技股份有限公司 | Reactive power control method for micro inverter |
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Address after: 430074, Optics Valley, Hubei Province Development Zone, Optics Valley, Wuhan Road, 303 - East Lake core center, Wen Xin building, 1-02-606 Applicant after: Wuhan Jintian New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 430074 Hubei city of Wuhan province Wuhan East Lake high tech Development Zone, Luoyu Road No. 243 building, 1609 science and technology Applicant before: Wuhan Jintian New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20160317 Address after: 430074 Hubei Province, Wuhan city Hongshan District Luoyu Road No. 1037 Applicant after: Huazhong University of Science and Technology Address before: 430074, Optics Valley, Hubei Province Development Zone, Optics Valley, Wuhan Road, 303 - East Lake core center, Wen Xin building, 1-02-606 Applicant before: Wuhan Jintian New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20121128 |