CN101610038B - Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter of Boost and Buck cascade and control method thereof - Google Patents

Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter of Boost and Buck cascade and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101610038B
CN101610038B CN2009101817269A CN200910181726A CN101610038B CN 101610038 B CN101610038 B CN 101610038B CN 2009101817269 A CN2009101817269 A CN 2009101817269A CN 200910181726 A CN200910181726 A CN 200910181726A CN 101610038 B CN101610038 B CN 101610038B
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power switch
switch pipe
comparator
energy storage
anode
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CN101610038A (en
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谢少军
许津铭
肖华锋
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter of Boost and Buck cascade and a control method thereof; the inverter comprises a main circuit composed of four branch circuits and a switch control circuit composed of four branch circuits. The pre-stage DC/DC converter in the method works in an SPWM way and provides sine half-wave current for the post stage, the post-stage DC/AC converter switches at power frequency, and the conversion efficiency of the whole machine is high; a control strategy adopts a uniform compensation circuit at a Boost-Buck mode; and the duty cycle of a Boost switch tube is formed by subtracting a fixed amount on the basis of the duty cycle of a Buck switch tube. In the converter, only one switch tube works at high frequency at any time and the efficiency of the converter is high; the work mode of the pre-stage DC/DC converter achieves smooth switch; and the converter needs no electrolytic capacitor and has long life.

Description

The photovoltaic combining inverter of Boost and Buck cascade and control method thereof
Technical field
The photovoltaic combining inverter and the control method thereof of a kind of Boost of the present invention and Buck cascade, the control method of genus combining inverter and network access electric current.
Background technology
Be applied to the combining inverter of generations of electricity by new energy such as photovoltaic and wind-force, its input side change in voltage scope is bigger, and in order to realize being incorporated into the power networks, combining inverter need realize that the buck function is to deal with wide change in voltage scope.Traditional two-stage type combining inverter generally is made of prime DC/DC converter and back level DC/AC inverter, prime DC/DC converter generally adopts the Boost converter to promote input voltage, the Boost converter quits work and realizes step-down by back level DC/AC converter when input voltage is higher, is unfavorable for the optimal design of back level DC/AC converter.
Prime DC/DC converter can adopt Buck-Boost or Boost-Buck cascade connection type converter, for back level inverter provides the optimal working condition.Prime DC/DC converter can the PWM mode be worked, and presses or electric current for the back level provides galvanic current, needs back level DC/AC converter high-frequency work like this, is unfavorable for the raising of overall efficiency; Prime DC/DC converter also can the SPWM mode be worked, and for the back level provides half-sinusoid voltage or electric current, back level DC/AC converter only needs the power frequency switch operating can finish sinusoidal current injection electrical network like this, can reduce the switching loss of complete machine.
In order further to reduce the switching loss of Buck-Boost or Boost-Buck cascade connection type combining inverter, generally determine that according to the magnitude relationship of input voltage and line voltage prime DC/DC converter works in Buck or Boost pattern, can so that in the converter any time switching tube high-frequency work only, help the further raising of transducer effciency.
When switching on Buck and Boost mode of operation along with the variation of cell voltage and line voltage, prime DC/DC converter switches transition mode, the general mode that enables two HF switch work that adopts in this process in order to realize taking over seamlessly needing to introduce; In addition, because Buck and Boost mode converter small-signal model have than big-difference, generally need to adopt two to overlap independently compensating circuit and control respectively.Make the handoff procedure of prime DC/DC converter need complicated control logic and compensating circuit to finish like this.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to provide the photovoltaic combining inverter and the control method thereof of a kind of Boost and Buck cascade at the defective that prior art exists.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme for achieving the above object:
The photovoltaic combining inverter of Boost of the present invention and Buck cascade is characterized in that comprising main circuit that is made of four branch roads and the ON-OFF control circuit that is made of four branch roads, and wherein main circuit structure is as follows:
First branch road is that the Boost elementary cell comprises first energy storage inductor, first power switch pipe and first power diode, wherein an end of first energy storage inductor is connected with the drain electrode of first power switch pipe and the anode of first power diode respectively, the positive pole of another termination solar panel of first energy storage inductor, the source electrode of first power switch pipe connects the negative pole of solar panel; Second route intermediate capacitance constitutes, and the positive pole of intermediate capacitance connects the negative electrode of first power diode, and the negative pole of intermediate capacitance connects the source electrode of first power switch pipe; The 3rd branch road is that the Buck elementary cell comprises second power switch pipe, second power diode and second energy storage inductor, wherein the source electrode of second power switch pipe is connected with the negative electrode of second power diode and an end of second energy storage inductor respectively, the drain electrode of second power switch pipe connects the positive pole of intermediate capacitance, and the anode of second power diode connects the negative pole of intermediate capacitance; The 4th branch road comprises i.e. the 3rd power switch pipe to the six power switch pipes of four power switch pipes, wherein the anode of the 3rd power switch pipe is connected with the anode of the 5th power switch pipe and the other end of second energy storage inductor respectively, the negative electrode of the 3rd power switch pipe connects the anode of the 4th power switch pipe and an end of electrical network respectively, the negative electrode of the 5th power switch pipe connects the anode of the 6th power switch pipe and the other end of electrical network respectively, and the negative electrode of the 4th power switch pipe connects the negative electrode of the 6th power switch pipe and the anode of second power diode respectively;
The ON-OFF control circuit structure is as follows:
The 5th route error amplifier serial connection adjuster constitutes; The 6th route triangular-wave generator constitutes; The 7th route first comparator constitutes, the output of the positive input termination adjuster of first comparator, and the negative input end of first comparator connects the output of triangular-wave generator, the grid of output termination second power switch pipe of first comparator; The 8th the route subtracter and second comparator constitute, the output of the positive input termination adjuster of subtracter, and the negative input end of second comparator connects the output of triangular-wave generator, the grid of output termination first power switch pipe of second comparator.
The photovoltaic combining inverter of Boost and Buck cascade is characterized in that comprising main circuit that is made of four branch roads and the ON-OFF control circuit that is made of four branch roads, and wherein main circuit structure is as follows:
Second route first intermediate capacitance and second intermediate capacitance constitute, and wherein the positive pole of first intermediate capacitance connects the positive pole of solar panel, and the negative pole of first intermediate capacitance connects the negative pole of solar panel; The 3rd branch road is that the Buck elementary cell comprises second power switch pipe and second power diode, wherein the source electrode of second power switch pipe is connected with the negative electrode of second power diode, the drain electrode of second power switch pipe connects the positive pole of first intermediate capacitance, and the anode of second power diode connects the negative pole of first intermediate capacitance; First branch road is that the Boost elementary cell comprises first energy storage inductor, first power switch pipe and first power diode, wherein an end of first energy storage inductor is connected with the drain electrode of first power switch pipe and the anode of first power diode respectively, the source electrode of another termination second power switch pipe of first energy storage inductor, the source electrode of first power switch pipe connects the negative pole of second intermediate capacitance and the anode of second power diode respectively, and the negative electrode of first power diode connects the positive pole of second intermediate capacitance; The 4th branch road comprises four power switch pipes i.e. the 3rd power switch pipe to the six power switch pipes and second energy storage inductor, wherein the anode of the 3rd power switch pipe is connected with the anode of the 5th power switch pipe and the positive pole of second intermediate capacitance respectively, the negative electrode of the 3rd power switch pipe connects the anode of the 4th power switch pipe and an end of second energy storage inductor respectively, the end that the other end of second energy storage inductor gets access to grid, the negative electrode of the 5th power switch pipe connects the anode of the 6th power switch pipe and the other end of electrical network respectively, and the negative electrode of the 4th power switch pipe connects the negative electrode of the 6th power switch pipe and the negative pole of second intermediate capacitance respectively;
The ON-OFF control circuit structure is as follows:
The 5th route error amplifier serial connection adjuster constitutes; The 6th route triangular-wave generator constitutes; The 7th route first comparator constitutes, the output of the positive input termination adjuster of first comparator, and the negative input end of first comparator connects the output of triangular-wave generator, the grid of output termination second power switch pipe of first comparator; The 8th the route subtracter and second comparator constitute, the output of the positive input termination adjuster of subtracter, and the negative input end of second comparator connects the output of triangular-wave generator, the grid of output termination first power switch pipe of second comparator.
The control method of the photovoltaic combining inverter of described Boost and Buck cascade is characterized in that and will flow through the current i of second energy storage inductor L2Reference current i with second energy storage inductor * L2Obtain current error amount i through error amplifier e, with current error amount i eThrough the adjusted voltage of adjuster, regulation voltage and triangular-wave generator output voltage are obtained the switching signal of second power switch pipe through first comparator, regulation voltage and fixed voltage amount K are obtained voltage difference through subtracter, voltage difference and triangular-wave generator output voltage are obtained the switching signal of first power switch pipe through second comparator;
When input voltage is higher than line voltage, turn-off first power switch pipe, the second power switch pipe high-frequency work; When input voltage was lower than line voltage, the first power switch pipe high-frequency work kept second power switch pipe straight-through.
Prime DC/DC converter of the present invention is worked in the SPWM mode, and for the back level provides the half-sinusoid electric current, back level DC/AC converter switches complete machine conversion efficiency height with power frequency; Control strategy adopts unified compensating circuit at Boost and Buck pattern, and the duty ratio of Boost switching tube deducts a fixed amount and constitutes on the basis of Buck switching tube duty ratio, can realize taking over seamlessly.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is main circuit Boost cascade Buck pattern of the present invention (a) and Buck cascade Boost mode configuration schematic diagram;
Accompanying drawing 2 is ON-OFF control circuit structural representations of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 3 is Buck pattern of the present invention (a) and Boost pattern operating circuit (b);
Accompanying drawing 4 is Buck pattern of the present invention and Boost pattern modulating wave (a), the linear fit curve (b) of Boost pattern modulating wave;
Accompanying drawing 5 (a)～(d) is network access current waveform under the full load conditions, (a) the input voltage 550V of working in of the present invention; (b) input voltage 350V; (c) input voltage 300V; (d) input voltage 200V;
Accompanying drawing 6 (a)～(d) is network access current waveform (a) the input voltage 550V under the underloading condition that works in of the present invention; (b) input voltage 350V; (c) input voltage 300V; (d) input voltage 200V;
The main symbol of above-mentioned accompanying drawing and label title: L 1, L 2---energy storage inductor; S 1～S 6---power switch pipe; D 1, D 2---power diode; C---intermediate capacitance; u Grid---line voltage; U Pv---the solar panel output voltage; i L2---energy storage inductor L 2Electric current; i * L2---energy storage inductor L 2Current reference; K---fixed voltage amount; A---Buck pattern modulating wave; B---Boost pattern modulating wave; d Boost---Boost pattern duty ratio; d Buck---Buck pattern duty ratio; D ' Boost---the Boost pattern is similar to duty ratio; i Grid---the network access electric current.
Embodiment
Be elaborated below in conjunction with the technical scheme of accompanying drawing to invention:
Accompanying drawing 1 has been described two kinds of main circuit structures of the present invention, as scheming shown in (a) by the first energy storage inductor L 1With first power switch tube S 1And the first power diode D 1Constitute Boost elementary cell 1, by the second energy storage inductor L 2With second power switch tube S 2And the second power diode D 2Constitute Buck elementary cell 2.When input voltage is higher than the line voltage maximum, work under single Buck pattern, this moment, the Boost switching tube was in off state.And when input voltage was lower than the line voltage maximum, the inverter cycling was in Buck pattern and Boost pattern.Be depicted as Buck cascade Boost mode configuration main circuit as figure (b).Accompanying drawing 3 is respectively the operating circuit of Buck pattern and Boost pattern.
Accompanying drawing 4 is that Boost-Buck converter switches pipe duty ratio curve and match are approximate.Wherein the functional relation of curve a, b is respectively:
d buck = U grid _ p U pv | sin ωt | - - - ( 1 )
d boost = 1 - U pv U grid _ p | sin ωt | - - - ( 2 )
Curve b can adopt formula (3) to be similar to match, and accompanying drawing 4 (b) is that formula (2) and formula (3) curve are at U PvComparison diagram during=200V.
d boost ′ = | sin ωt | - U pv U grid _ p - - - ( 3 )
Like this, the modulating wave curve of Boost switching tube can simply deduct a constant offset amount by Buck switching tube modulating wave and obtains.Accompanying drawing 2 has been described the switching tube duty ratio and has been produced schematic diagram, the output of error adjuster and the triangular wave of front stage converter output current relatively can obtain the drive waveforms of Buck switching tube, just can obtain the drive waveforms of Boost switching tube with the triangular wave comparison again after the error adjuster output of electric current deducts constant offset amount K, thereby realize that the unified of Buck and Boost mode switch pipe drive signal produces.
Example of the present invention is as follows: cell plate voltage U Pv=200～550V, line voltage U Grid=220VRMS, mains frequency f Grid=50Hz, rated power P N=3kW; Inductance L 1=0.2mH, L 2=8mH; Intermediate capacitance C=5 μ F; Switching frequency f=50kHZ.Accompanying drawing 5,6 is the concrete simulation waveform figure of this example, and wherein, accompanying drawing 5 is the present invention's network access current waveform figures during fully loaded work under different input voltages; Accompanying drawing 6 is the present invention's underloading when work network access current waveform figures under different input voltages.

Claims (3)

1. the photovoltaic combining inverter of Boost and Buck cascade is characterized in that comprising main circuit that is made of four branch roads and the ON-OFF control circuit that is made of four branch roads, and wherein main circuit structure is as follows:
First branch road (1) is that the Boost elementary cell comprises the first energy storage inductor (L 1), the first power switch pipe (S 1) and the first power diode (D 1), the first energy storage inductor (L wherein 1) an end respectively with the first power switch pipe (S 1) the drain electrode and the first power diode (D 1) anode connect the first energy storage inductor (L 1) the positive pole of another termination solar panel, the first power switch pipe (S 1) source electrode connect the negative pole of solar panel; Second branch road (2) is made of intermediate capacitance (C), and the positive pole of intermediate capacitance (C) meets the first power diode (D 1) negative electrode, the negative pole of intermediate capacitance (C) meets the first power switch pipe (S 1) source electrode; The 3rd branch road (3) is that the Buck elementary cell comprises the second power switch pipe (S 2), the second power diode (D 2) and the second energy storage inductor (L 2), the second power switch pipe (S wherein 2) source electrode respectively with the second power diode (D 2) the negative electrode and the second energy storage inductor (L 2) an end connect the second power switch pipe (S 2) drain electrode connect the positive pole of intermediate capacitance (C), the second power diode (D 2) anode connect the negative pole of intermediate capacitance (C); The 4th branch road (4) comprises i.e. the 3rd power switch pipe (S of four power switch pipes 3) to the 6th power switch pipe (S 6), the 3rd power switch pipe (S wherein 3) anode respectively with the 5th power switch pipe (S 5) the anode and the second energy storage inductor (L 2) the other end connect the 3rd power switch pipe (S 3) negative electrode meet the 4th power switch pipe (S respectively 4) anode and an end of electrical network, the 5th power switch pipe (S 5) negative electrode meet the 6th power switch pipe (S respectively 6) anode and the other end of electrical network, the 4th power switch pipe (S 4) negative electrode meet the 6th power switch pipe (S respectively 6) the negative electrode and the second power diode (D 2) anode;
The ON-OFF control circuit structure is as follows:
The 5th branch road (5) is made of error amplifier serial connection adjuster; The 6th branch road (6) is made of triangular-wave generator; The 7th branch road (7) is made of first comparator, the output of the positive input termination adjuster of first comparator, and the negative input end of first comparator connects the output of triangular-wave generator, the output termination second power switch pipe (S of first comparator 2) grid; The 8th branch road (8) is made of the subtracter and second comparator, the output of the positive input termination adjuster of subtracter, and the negative input end of second comparator connects the output of triangular-wave generator, the output termination first power switch pipe (S of second comparator 1) grid.
2. the photovoltaic combining inverter of Boost and Buck cascade is characterized in that comprising main circuit that is made of four branch roads and the ON-OFF control circuit that is made of four branch roads, and wherein main circuit structure is as follows:
Second branch road (2) is by the first intermediate capacitance (C 1) and the second intermediate capacitance (C 2) formation, the wherein first intermediate capacitance (C 1) positive pole connect the positive pole of solar panel, the first intermediate capacitance (C 1) negative pole connect the negative pole of solar panel; The 3rd branch road (3) is that the Buck elementary cell comprises the second power switch pipe (S 2) and the second power diode (D 2), the second power switch pipe (S wherein 2) the source electrode and the second power diode (D 2) negative electrode connect the second power switch pipe (S 2) drain electrode meet the first intermediate capacitance (C 1) positive pole, the second power diode (D 2) anode meet the first intermediate capacitance (C 1) negative pole; First branch road (1) is that the Boost elementary cell comprises the first energy storage inductor (L 1), the first power switch pipe (S 1) and the first power diode (D 1), the first energy storage inductor (L wherein 1) an end respectively with the first power switch pipe (S 1) the drain electrode and the first power diode (D 1) anode connect the first energy storage inductor (L 1) another termination second power switch pipe (S 2) source electrode, the first power switch pipe (S 1) source electrode meet the second intermediate capacitance (C respectively 2) the negative pole and the second power diode (D 2) anode, the first power diode (D 1) negative electrode meet the second intermediate capacitance (C 2) positive pole; The 4th branch road (4) comprises i.e. the 3rd power switch pipe (S of four power switch pipes 3) to the 6th power switch pipe (S 6) and the second energy storage inductor (L 2), the 3rd power switch pipe (S wherein 3) anode respectively with the 5th power switch pipe (S 5) the anode and the second intermediate capacitance (C 2) positive pole connect the 3rd power switch pipe (S 3) negative electrode meet the 4th power switch pipe (S respectively 4) the anode and the second energy storage inductor (L 2) an end, the second energy storage inductor (L 2) the end that gets access to grid of the other end, the 5th power switch pipe (S 5) negative electrode meet the 6th power switch pipe (S respectively 6) anode and the other end of electrical network, the 4th power switch pipe (S 4) negative electrode meet the 6th power switch pipe (S respectively 6) the negative electrode and the second intermediate capacitance (C 2) negative pole;
The ON-OFF control circuit structure is as follows:
The 5th branch road (5) is made of error amplifier serial connection adjuster; The 6th branch road (6) is made of triangular-wave generator; The 7th branch road (7) is made of first comparator, the output of the positive input termination adjuster of first comparator, and the negative input end of first comparator connects the output of triangular-wave generator, the output termination second power switch pipe (S of first comparator 2) grid; The 8th branch road (8) is made of the subtracter and second comparator, the output of the positive input termination adjuster of subtracter, and the negative input end of second comparator connects the output of triangular-wave generator, the output termination first power switch pipe (S of second comparator 1) grid.
3. the control method based on the photovoltaic combining inverter of claim 1 or 2 described Boost and Buck cascade is characterized in that and will flow through the second energy storage inductor (L 2) current i L2With the second energy storage inductor (L 2) reference current i * L2Obtain current error amount i through error amplifier e, with current error amount i eThrough the adjusted voltage of adjuster, regulation voltage and triangular-wave generator output voltage are obtained the second power switch pipe (S through first comparator 2) switching signal, regulation voltage and fixed voltage amount K are obtained voltage difference through subtracter, voltage difference and triangular-wave generator output voltage are obtained the first power switch pipe (S through second comparator 1) switching signal;
When input voltage is higher than line voltage, turn-off the first power switch pipe (S 1), the second power switch pipe (S 2) high-frequency work; When input voltage is lower than line voltage, the first power switch pipe (S 1) high-frequency work, keep the second power switch pipe (S 2) straight-through.
CN2009101817269A 2009-07-13 2009-07-13 Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter of Boost and Buck cascade and control method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN101610038B (en)

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