WO2014173379A1 - A system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells - Google Patents

A system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014173379A1
WO2014173379A1 PCT/CZ2014/000044 CZ2014000044W WO2014173379A1 WO 2014173379 A1 WO2014173379 A1 WO 2014173379A1 CZ 2014000044 W CZ2014000044 W CZ 2014000044W WO 2014173379 A1 WO2014173379 A1 WO 2014173379A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
control unit
voltage
unit
relay
energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CZ2014/000044
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ivo TVARDĺK
Original Assignee
Unites Systems A.S.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unites Systems A.S. filed Critical Unites Systems A.S.
Priority to KR1020157029801A priority Critical patent/KR20150131335A/en
Priority to UAA201508998A priority patent/UA114663C2/en
Priority to EP14724992.4A priority patent/EP2989392A1/en
Priority to RU2015150232A priority patent/RU2615593C1/en
Priority to BR112015025536A priority patent/BR112015025536A2/en
Priority to CN201480023206.4A priority patent/CN105143776A/en
Publication of WO2014173379A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014173379A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D12/00—Other central heating systems
    • F24D12/02—Other central heating systems having more than one heat source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/02—Photovoltaic energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/08—Electric heater
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • a system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells A system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells
  • the invention falls within an area of an effective use of renewable energy resources, when solar radiation is, by the help of a photovoltaic device, transformed into electric or thermal energy and it concerns lay out of a system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells, which contains mutually interconnected electronic components which enable control, use and storage of the obtained energy.
  • the inverter converts DC current into AC current and enables consequential connection of system into the electric system, eventually the energy is consumed in an appliance, similarly like it was connected to the distribution system.
  • inverters which use, for increase of efficiency, monitoring of a point of maximal load MPPT (maxim power point tracking).
  • MPPT maximal power point tracking
  • the systems equipped with these inverters are able to work in an operating mode without connection to electric system, when either all produced energy is consumed and into an outside distribution system is not supplied any load, or the obtained load is supplied into the electric system and is combined with own consumption.
  • a disadvantage of these systems is the fact that there comes to loses on the inverters due to energy transformation.
  • the water is a very suitable medium for storing of produced energy.
  • households are, for example, used, for preparation of service hot water, electric heaters which are based on principle of a water container and a heating unit which warms the water.
  • the files CZ25157 U1 , CZ22505 U1 , CZ22504 U1 , US7429719 B1 , FR2604322 A1 are described devices which use for water heating electric energy produced from photovoltaic panels.
  • a disadvantage of these solutions is fact that there is not monitored the maxim power point MPPT herewith comes to significant loses with regard to the fact that the resistance of an appliance is not adjusted to resistance of a source and energy system can not use obtained load efficiently.
  • the file US5293447 is described a system with monitoring of maximal load, which is done by switching of a resistance load in two values, but this device does not allow running in so called autonomy mode, when only energy obtained from photovoltaic panels is used.
  • the aim of the presented invention is to introduce new system for management of electric energy which is produced by photovoltaic cells, which would enable efficient use of obtained electric energy especially in a DC mode, when does not come to energy loses due to transformation from DC to AC.
  • the system is adjusted for monitoring of a point of maximal load MPPT, it is equipped with devices which are designed to use surplus energy and is procured with electronic components, which, in case of need, serve for transformation of DC to AC.
  • the system is likewise controllable from a superior control one and it is possible to operate it in an autonomy energy mode.
  • the set goal is, to large extent, reached with an invention, which is a system for management of electric energy which is produced by photovoltaic cells which contains mutually interconnected an energy consumption control unit, a control unit, and a heating unit, which is procured with a temperature measuring unit and at least one heating element which is modified for heating of liquid, where the essence of the invention is in the fact that the energy consumption control unit contains a DC control unit and an AC control unit and is partly connected to a AC power supply, either directly and/or through a secondary source of AC voltage and partly is connected with a photovoltaic unit which emits direct current namely through a primary source of DC voltage and/or through in series connected an output measuring unit of current and voltage, a DC/DC converter and an input measuring unit of current and voltage, whereas also the control unit is connected not only through a galvanic way separated secondary source of DC voltage to a photovoltaic unit, but also through a galvanic way separated primary source of AC voltage to a AC power supply.
  • a DC control unit of the energy consumption control unit which operates in mode of direct voltage consists of a DC thermal fuse and a DC relay, which is connected to a DC temperature controller, whereas the DC thermal fuse is connected through the output measuring unit to the DC/DC converter and the DC relay is interconnected with the heating unit.
  • the AC control unit of the energy consumption control unit which operates in mode of alternating voltage consists of an AC thermal fuse and an AC relay, which is connected to an AC temperature controller, whereas the AC thermal fuse is connected to a AC power supply an the AC relay is interconnected with the heating unit.
  • the DC thermal fuse and the AC thermal fuse of the energy consumption control unit are mutually interconnected through a control safety segment, whereas to the control safety segment are connected a temperature measuring unit, a fuse, a DC power relay and an AC power relay.
  • the DC/DC converter is partly connected with a primary source of DC voltage, partly with the control unit and party contains mutually interconnected a primary switch and a secondary switch, whereas around the secondary switch is formed a parallel circuit with an integrated induction element, to which are parallel connected a capacitor and a load.
  • the energy consumption control unit is equipped with a charging unit which is partly formed with a charging relay and a charging controller and partly is connected to at least one energy accumulator, whereas the energy accumulator is interconnected with an inverter, which is modified to supply energy into a grid.
  • an additional module connected to the energy consumption control unit and at the same time also to control unit which consists of an UPS relay and to it is parallel connected an input measuring element of current and an UPS control unit, whereas the input measuring element is connected to the AC power supply and an UPS relay is interconnected with the inverter, which is, in an advantageous design, realized with an UPS type with a double conversion.
  • control unit is procured with a detector of a smart remote control for detection of off-peak electricity and/or with a communication module for providing of communication with a superior system, whereas it is equipped with a memory medium for record of working orders of the system.
  • fig. 1 is a block scheme of the system in configuration for water heating fig. 2 a block scheme of the system in complete configuration
  • fig. 3 is a scheme of a DC/DC converter
  • fig. 4 is a block scheme of thermal fuses.
  • the system for management of electric energy which is produced by photovoltaic cells contains, in a basic autonomy set according to the fig. 1 , a photovoltaic unit 1, which is parallel connected with an energy consumption control unit 2 and it is done party through in series connected an input measuring unit 3 of the current and voltage, a DC/DC converter 4 and an output measuring unit 5 of current and voltage and partly through a primary source 6 of DC voltage.
  • the DC/DC converter 4 is designed in the way for a maximal load to be always permanent and further is connected with the primary source of DC voltage 6 and with a control unit 8.
  • the control unit 8 is then connected with the energy consumption control unit 2 and also through a galvanic way separated secondary source 7 of DC voltage with the photovoltaic unit 1
  • the energy consumption control unit 2 contains two thermal control units 21, 22 which are connected with a heating unit 9.
  • the heating unit 9 is formed with a temperature measuring unit 91 and a heating element 92 which is designed for a liquid heating, whereas the heating unit 9 is, at the same time, connected to the control unit 8.
  • the DC control unit 21 of the energy consumption control unit 2 which operates in DC voltage mode is formed with a DC thermal fuse 211 , DC relay 212 and a DC temperature controller 213, whereas is connected through the output measuring unit 5 to the DC/DC converter 4.
  • the AC control unit 22 of the energy consumption control unit 2 consists of an AC thermal fuse 221, an AC relay 222 and an AC temperature controller 223 and is connected to an alternating voltage power supply 10. To the AC power supply 10 is then connected, partly through a galvanic way separated primary source H of AC voltage the control unit 8 and partly through a secondary source 12 of AC voltage the whole energy consumption control unit 2.
  • the system which operates in autonomy and also in island energy mode is equipped with the energy consumption control unit 2 with a built-in charging unit 23, which is formed with a charging relay 231 and a charging controller 232 and is connected to an energy accumulator 13, whereas the accumulator 13 is connected to an inverter 15 which serves to alternating current supply.
  • a built-in charging unit 23 which is formed with a charging relay 231 and a charging controller 232 and is connected to an energy accumulator 13, whereas the accumulator 13 is connected to an inverter 15 which serves to alternating current supply.
  • To the energy consumption control unit 2 is likewise connected an additional module 14 which consists of an UPS relay 141 to which are parallel connected an incoming current measuring element 142 and an UPS control unit 143, whereas the additional module 14 is likewise connected to a current invertor 15.
  • the control unit 8 is then procured partly with a smart remote control detector 17 for detection of off peak current, partly with a communication module 18 for provision of communication with a superior system by the help of a selected interface, as is for example USB, Ethernet, RS232, RS485, WiFi, Bluetooth and partly with a memory medium 19 for record of working orders of the system, for example amount of produced or consumed energy, current, voltage or temperature values.
  • a smart remote control detector 17 for detection of off peak current
  • a communication module 18 for provision of communication with a superior system by the help of a selected interface, as is for example USB, Ethernet, RS232, RS485, WiFi, Bluetooth
  • a memory medium 19 for record of working orders of the system, for example amount of produced or consumed energy, current, voltage or temperature values.
  • the DC/DC converter 4 as it is illustrated in fig. 3 contains mutually connected primary switch 41 and a secondary switch 42, which are formed with transistors type N MOSFET which work in two states, either on or off.
  • a parallel circuit with a built-in induction element 43 to which are parallel connected a capacitor 44 and a load 45.
  • thermal protection which is formed with a mutually integrated DC thermal fuse 211 and an AC thermal fuse 212 of the energy consumption control unit 2.
  • the thermal fuses 21 1 ,212 contain a control protection segment 100 which is powered from the primary source of DC voltage 6 and/or from the secondary source of AC voltage 12, whereas to the control protection segment 100 are connected a temperature measuring unit 101, a fuse 102, a DC power relay 103 and an AC power relay 104.
  • the direct current which is produced in the photovoltaic unit 1 partly goes into an input measuring unit 3 of the current and voltage and then into the DC/DC converter 4, partly is led through a secondary source 7 of DC voltage into the control unit 8 and partly is led through a primary source 6 of DC voltage into the energy consumption control unit 2 and also into the DC/DC converter 4.
  • the function of the synchronic DC/DC converter 4 is that the input voltage is led through two in series connected switches 41, 42 when in case of on position of the primary switch 41 the current does not go into the secondary switch 42, but is led through a parallel circuit through the induction element 43 into the capacitor 44 and the load 45.
  • the induction element 43 acts like an appliance and there comes to linear increase of current and grow of voltage on the capacitor 44.
  • the primary appliance of the energy supplied either from the photovoltaic unit 1 or from the AC power supply unit 10 is a heating unit 9, whereas for separation of direct and alternating current is carried out galvanic separation in the secondary source 7 of DC voltage and also in the primary source H of AC voltage and also in the energy consumption control unit 2, when the DC control unit 21 and the AC control unit 22 are equipped with a DC relay 212 and an AC relay 222, which ensure voltage strength of contacts.
  • Temperature controllers 213,223 in the control units 21,22 enable that when is the temperature in the heating unit 9 under the value set by user the AC relay is switched on and into a heating element 92 is led energy from the AC power supply unit 10.
  • the charging relay 231 charges a connected accumulator 13 in the form of various types of batteries, when the accumulator 13 serves as an intermediate circuit for energy supply into an inverter 15 and further into a grid 16.
  • the additional module 14 is energy led through an input measuring element 142 of the current and an UPS relay 141 and then continues into the inverter 15, whereas the UPS relay 141 is controlled by an UPS control unit 143.
  • the additional module 14 enables charging of the accumulator 13 with use of the DC/DC converter 4 and herewith obtaining an advantage of the photovoltaic unit 1 use in MPP.
  • Next function of the additional module 14 is monitoring of the current which goes through one phase and switching of the inverter 15 in case of exceeding of set load for switching, and herewith comes to elimination of load losses in the inverter 15.
  • the inverter 15 in th is case is realized by the type UPS with double conversion.
  • the system thus enables back up of one phase by the help of UPS and control of energy flow, when power supply of all components of the system is doubled. All control of the system is done by the control unit 8 which transfers and evaluates information form the DC/DC converter 4, from the energy consumption control unit 2, from the additional module 14 and from the detector 17 of smart remote control.
  • the presented invention is designed for integration into photovoltaic systems in order to obtain economical use of energy sources, when is efficiently used energy which is obtained from photovoltaic cells and at the same time it is possible to use cheap energy from distribution network, whereas supplied energy into the system can be used for heating of water or charging of accumulators.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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Abstract

A system for management of electric energy which is produced by photovoltaic cells which contains mutually interconnected an energy consumption control unit (2), a control unit (8) and a heating unit (9), which is equipped with a temperature measuring unit (91) and with at least one heating element (92) which is modified for liquid heating, where the essence of the invention is the fact that the energy consumption control unit (2) contains a DC control unit (21) and an AC control unit (22) and is partly connected to an AC power supply (10) either directly and/or through a secondary source of AC voltage (12) and partly is interconnected with a photovoltaic unit (1) which emits direct voltage, namely through a primary source of DC voltage (6) and/ or through in series connected an output measuring unit of current and voltage (5), a DC/DC converter (4) and an input measuring unit of current and voltage (3), whereas also the control unit (8) is connected not only through a galvanic way separated secondary source of DC voltage (7) to the photovoltaic unit (1) but also through the galvanic way separated primary source of AC voltage (11) to the AC power supply (10).

Description

A system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells
Art Domain
The invention falls within an area of an effective use of renewable energy resources, when solar radiation is, by the help of a photovoltaic device, transformed into electric or thermal energy and it concerns lay out of a system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells, which contains mutually interconnected electronic components which enable control, use and storage of the obtained energy.
Present Prior Art
There is known whole range of systems which use energy produced by photovoltaic cells. For example in files US4873480 A, FR2485827 A1 , US4649334A are described different systems, when, by the help of mutually interconnected electronic components, is enabled control of electric energy and transmission of electric output from photovoltaic panels into an electro distribution system, to appliances or devices designed for storage of energy. There are also known autonomous energy systems, when is fully used only the energy obtained from photovoltaic panels, eventually the surplus energy is stored in accumulators or other energy store. One from the most commonly used solutions of control of electric energy is installation of an inverter into the system. The inverter converts DC current into AC current and enables consequential connection of system into the electric system, eventually the energy is consumed in an appliance, similarly like it was connected to the distribution system. There are known inverters which use, for increase of efficiency, monitoring of a point of maximal load MPPT (maxim power point tracking). The systems equipped with these inverters are able to work in an operating mode without connection to electric system, when either all produced energy is consumed and into an outside distribution system is not supplied any load, or the obtained load is supplied into the electric system and is combined with own consumption. A disadvantage of these systems is the fact that there comes to loses on the inverters due to energy transformation.
There is known a way, from the file CZ20110582 A3, of an efficient transfer of a photovoltaic generator load into a resistance load and a device for performance of this method, where an output load of a photovoltaic generator is stored into a capacitor and this load is further transferred into a resistance load via switch of a DC/DC converter. Switching of the DC/DC converter is done by a pulse width modulation PWM which is controlled by an algorithm in dependence on height of AC voltage on the output of the photovoltaic generator, whereas an instantaneous value of the load is continuously determined. A disadvantage of this solution is an array of this system when the capacitor is basically permanently connected to the source and then the DC/DC converter is, by the help of the PWM regulation, connected to the resistance load. This is very disadvantageous from the interference point of view where on the load occurs nearly rectangular course of voltage and current given by frequency PWM and value of voltage on the capacitor respectively the load. Setting of the PWM is derivated from input voltage on the panels and the resistance load. If comes to change of resistance value the used algorithm is quite inaccurate. Moreover, this way processed energy is practically unusable otherwise than for transformation on heat in the resistance load. Last but not least there comes to high voltage stress of the capacitor, which negatively influences its lifecycle. Further disadvantage of this system is an absence of any regulation circuits which enable further use of this way obtained energy.
The water is a very suitable medium for storing of produced energy. In households are, for example, used, for preparation of service hot water, electric heaters which are based on principle of a water container and a heating unit which warms the water. In the files CZ25157 U1 , CZ22505 U1 , CZ22504 U1 , US7429719 B1 , FR2604322 A1 , are described devices which use for water heating electric energy produced from photovoltaic panels. A disadvantage of these solutions is fact that there is not monitored the maxim power point MPPT herewith comes to significant loses with regard to the fact that the resistance of an appliance is not adjusted to resistance of a source and energy system can not use obtained load efficiently. In the file US5293447 is described a system with monitoring of maximal load, which is done by switching of a resistance load in two values, but this device does not allow running in so called autonomy mode, when only energy obtained from photovoltaic panels is used.
The aim of the presented invention is to introduce new system for management of electric energy which is produced by photovoltaic cells, which would enable efficient use of obtained electric energy especially in a DC mode, when does not come to energy loses due to transformation from DC to AC. The system is adjusted for monitoring of a point of maximal load MPPT, it is equipped with devices which are designed to use surplus energy and is procured with electronic components, which, in case of need, serve for transformation of DC to AC. The system is likewise controllable from a superior control one and it is possible to operate it in an autonomy energy mode.
Essence of the invention
The set goal is, to large extent, reached with an invention, which is a system for management of electric energy which is produced by photovoltaic cells which contains mutually interconnected an energy consumption control unit, a control unit, and a heating unit, which is procured with a temperature measuring unit and at least one heating element which is modified for heating of liquid, where the essence of the invention is in the fact that the energy consumption control unit contains a DC control unit and an AC control unit and is partly connected to a AC power supply, either directly and/or through a secondary source of AC voltage and partly is connected with a photovoltaic unit which emits direct current namely through a primary source of DC voltage and/or through in series connected an output measuring unit of current and voltage, a DC/DC converter and an input measuring unit of current and voltage, whereas also the control unit is connected not only through a galvanic way separated secondary source of DC voltage to a photovoltaic unit, but also through a galvanic way separated primary source of AC voltage to a AC power supply.
It is advantageous when a DC control unit of the energy consumption control unit which operates in mode of direct voltage consists of a DC thermal fuse and a DC relay, which is connected to a DC temperature controller, whereas the DC thermal fuse is connected through the output measuring unit to the DC/DC converter and the DC relay is interconnected with the heating unit.
Likewise it is advantageous when the AC control unit of the energy consumption control unit which operates in mode of alternating voltage consists of an AC thermal fuse and an AC relay, which is connected to an AC temperature controller, whereas the AC thermal fuse is connected to a AC power supply an the AC relay is interconnected with the heating unit.
In an optimal case the DC thermal fuse and the AC thermal fuse of the energy consumption control unit are mutually interconnected through a control safety segment, whereas to the control safety segment are connected a temperature measuring unit, a fuse, a DC power relay and an AC power relay.
In an advantageous design the DC/DC converter is partly connected with a primary source of DC voltage, partly with the control unit and party contains mutually interconnected a primary switch and a secondary switch, whereas around the secondary switch is formed a parallel circuit with an integrated induction element, to which are parallel connected a capacitor and a load.
It is likewise advantageous when the energy consumption control unit is equipped with a charging unit which is partly formed with a charging relay and a charging controller and partly is connected to at least one energy accumulator, whereas the energy accumulator is interconnected with an inverter, which is modified to supply energy into a grid.
In an optimal case is an additional module connected to the energy consumption control unit and at the same time also to control unit which consists of an UPS relay and to it is parallel connected an input measuring element of current and an UPS control unit, whereas the input measuring element is connected to the AC power supply and an UPS relay is interconnected with the inverter, which is, in an advantageous design, realized with an UPS type with a double conversion.
Finally it is advantageous when the control unit is procured with a detector of a smart remote control for detection of off-peak electricity and/or with a communication module for providing of communication with a superior system, whereas it is equipped with a memory medium for record of working orders of the system.
With this invention is reached, in comparison with a present prior art, higher efficiency in the fact that the system for management of electric energy which is produced by photovoltaic cells is designed for efficient use of obtained electric energy especially when the energy is used in direct current mode and by the help of the DC/DC converter is possible to monitor the point of maximal load MPPT. The system is likewise designed for use of surplus energy, when the energy is sorted into the accumulators and/or is used for liquid heat and simultaneously also for transformation of direct current which is obtained from photovoltaic panels to alternating current.
Drawings clarification
The particular examples of invention design are schematically illustrated in enclosed drawings where: fig. 1 is a block scheme of the system in configuration for water heating fig. 2 a block scheme of the system in complete configuration
fig. 3 is a scheme of a DC/DC converter and
fig. 4 is a block scheme of thermal fuses.
The drawings which illustrate presented invention and consequently described examples of particular design do not in any case anyhow limit the extend of the protection which is mentioned in the definition yet only clarify the essence of the invention.
Examples of realization of the invention
The system for management of electric energy which is produced by photovoltaic cells contains, in a basic autonomy set according to the fig. 1 , a photovoltaic unit 1, which is parallel connected with an energy consumption control unit 2 and it is done party through in series connected an input measuring unit 3 of the current and voltage, a DC/DC converter 4 and an output measuring unit 5 of current and voltage and partly through a primary source 6 of DC voltage. The DC/DC converter 4 is designed in the way for a maximal load to be always permanent and further is connected with the primary source of DC voltage 6 and with a control unit 8. The control unit 8 is then connected with the energy consumption control unit 2 and also through a galvanic way separated secondary source 7 of DC voltage with the photovoltaic unit 1 The energy consumption control unit 2 contains two thermal control units 21, 22 which are connected with a heating unit 9. The heating unit 9 is formed with a temperature measuring unit 91 and a heating element 92 which is designed for a liquid heating, whereas the heating unit 9 is, at the same time, connected to the control unit 8. The DC control unit 21 of the energy consumption control unit 2 which operates in DC voltage mode is formed with a DC thermal fuse 211 , DC relay 212 and a DC temperature controller 213, whereas is connected through the output measuring unit 5 to the DC/DC converter 4. The AC control unit 22 of the energy consumption control unit 2 consists of an AC thermal fuse 221, an AC relay 222 and an AC temperature controller 223 and is connected to an alternating voltage power supply 10. To the AC power supply 10 is then connected, partly through a galvanic way separated primary source H of AC voltage the control unit 8 and partly through a secondary source 12 of AC voltage the whole energy consumption control unit 2.
As it is evident from fig. 2 the system which operates in autonomy and also in island energy mode is equipped with the energy consumption control unit 2 with a built-in charging unit 23, which is formed with a charging relay 231 and a charging controller 232 and is connected to an energy accumulator 13, whereas the accumulator 13 is connected to an inverter 15 which serves to alternating current supply. To the energy consumption control unit 2 is likewise connected an additional module 14 which consists of an UPS relay 141 to which are parallel connected an incoming current measuring element 142 and an UPS control unit 143, whereas the additional module 14 is likewise connected to a current invertor 15. The control unit 8 is then procured partly with a smart remote control detector 17 for detection of off peak current, partly with a communication module 18 for provision of communication with a superior system by the help of a selected interface, as is for example USB, Ethernet, RS232, RS485, WiFi, Bluetooth and partly with a memory medium 19 for record of working orders of the system, for example amount of produced or consumed energy, current, voltage or temperature values.
The DC/DC converter 4 as it is illustrated in fig. 3 contains mutually connected primary switch 41 and a secondary switch 42, which are formed with transistors type N MOSFET which work in two states, either on or off. Around the secondary switch 42 is formed a parallel circuit with a built-in induction element 43 to which are parallel connected a capacitor 44 and a load 45.
In fig. 4 is illustrated design of thermal protection, which is formed with a mutually integrated DC thermal fuse 211 and an AC thermal fuse 212 of the energy consumption control unit 2. The thermal fuses 21 1 ,212 contain a control protection segment 100 which is powered from the primary source of DC voltage 6 and/or from the secondary source of AC voltage 12, whereas to the control protection segment 100 are connected a temperature measuring unit 101, a fuse 102, a DC power relay 103 and an AC power relay 104.
The direct current which is produced in the photovoltaic unit 1 partly goes into an input measuring unit 3 of the current and voltage and then into the DC/DC converter 4, partly is led through a secondary source 7 of DC voltage into the control unit 8 and partly is led through a primary source 6 of DC voltage into the energy consumption control unit 2 and also into the DC/DC converter 4. The function of the synchronic DC/DC converter 4 is that the input voltage is led through two in series connected switches 41, 42 when in case of on position of the primary switch 41 the current does not go into the secondary switch 42, but is led through a parallel circuit through the induction element 43 into the capacitor 44 and the load 45. The induction element 43 acts like an appliance and there comes to linear increase of current and grow of voltage on the capacitor 44. In case that the primary switch 41 is off there comes to simultaneous on-state of the secondary switch 42 and the induction element 43 starts to act like a source, with which corresponds turn of polarity of the voltage, when the current goes from the induction element 43 into the capacitor 44 and the load 45 and at the same time the voltage linearly decreases. This process is repeated periodically with f frequency. By the change of the period of on/off of particular switches 41,42 is possible to change voltage on the load 45 from 0 up to UFV for finding of point of maximal efficiency MPP. From the photovoltaic unit 1 is found an actual value of the current and voltage and in each moment is computed output taken from the photovoltaic unit 1, whereas is changed time of on-state of the switches 41,42_in the way for output voltage to correspond with requirements of maximal output generated by the photovoltaic unit 1. The output current from the DC/DC converter 4 is led through an output measuring unit 5 of the current and voltage into a DC control unit 21 of the energy consumption control unit 2. This way processed energy goes into the energy consumption control unit 2, whereas by the control unit 8 is decided about further use of the energy. The primary appliance of the energy supplied either from the photovoltaic unit 1 or from the AC power supply unit 10 is a heating unit 9, whereas for separation of direct and alternating current is carried out galvanic separation in the secondary source 7 of DC voltage and also in the primary source H of AC voltage and also in the energy consumption control unit 2, when the DC control unit 21 and the AC control unit 22 are equipped with a DC relay 212 and an AC relay 222, which ensure voltage strength of contacts. Temperature controllers 213,223 in the control units 21,22 enable that when is the temperature in the heating unit 9 under the value set by user the AC relay is switched on and into a heating element 92 is led energy from the AC power supply unit 10. When is switched on the DC relay 212 so is into the heating element 92 led energy form the photovoltaic unit ;L User this way uses energy from the AC power supply unit 10 for heating of water in case that the energy from the sun is not sufficient or is by a detector of smart remote control determined low tariff of electric energy. If the temperature in the heating unit 9 reaches required value, the heating from the AC power supply unit 10 is terminated and energy obtained from the photovoltaic unit 1 is directed to another use. Energy obtained either from the photovoltaic unit 1 or from the AC power supply unit 10 can be led in the energy consumption control unit into a charging unit 23 and/or directed into an additional module 14- In the charging unit 23 is energy led into a charging relay 231 which is controlled by a charging controller 232. whereas the charging relay 231 charges a connected accumulator 13 in the form of various types of batteries, when the accumulator 13 serves as an intermediate circuit for energy supply into an inverter 15 and further into a grid 16. In the additional module 14 is energy led through an input measuring element 142 of the current and an UPS relay 141 and then continues into the inverter 15, whereas the UPS relay 141 is controlled by an UPS control unit 143. The additional module 14 enables charging of the accumulator 13 with use of the DC/DC converter 4 and herewith obtaining an advantage of the photovoltaic unit 1 use in MPP. Next function of the additional module 14 is monitoring of the current which goes through one phase and switching of the inverter 15 in case of exceeding of set load for switching, and herewith comes to elimination of load losses in the inverter 15. The inverter 15 in th is case is realized by the type UPS with double conversion. The system thus enables back up of one phase by the help of UPS and control of energy flow, when power supply of all components of the system is doubled. All control of the system is done by the control unit 8 which transfers and evaluates information form the DC/DC converter 4, from the energy consumption control unit 2, from the additional module 14 and from the detector 17 of smart remote control.
Industrial usability
The presented invention is designed for integration into photovoltaic systems in order to obtain economical use of energy sources, when is efficiently used energy which is obtained from photovoltaic cells and at the same time it is possible to use cheap energy from distribution network, whereas supplied energy into the system can be used for heating of water or charging of accumulators.
List of reference numerals
1 photovoltaic unit
2 energy consumption control unit
21 DC control unit
211 DC thermal fuse
212 DC relay
213 DC temperature controller
22 AC control unit
221 AC thermal fuse
222 AC relay
223 AC temperature controller
23 charging unit
231 charging relay
232 charging controller
3 input measuring unit of current and voltage
4 DC/DC converter
41 primary switch
42 secondary switch
43 induction element
44 capacitor
45 load
5 output measuring unit of current and voltage
6 primary source of DC voltage
7 secondary source of DC voltage
8 control unit
9 heating unit
91 temperature measuring unit
92 heating element
10 AC power supply
11 primary source of AC voltage secondary source of AC voltage accumulator
additional module
UPS relay
input measuring element of current
UPS control unit
inverter
grid
detector of smart remote control communication module
memory medium
control safety segment
temperature measuring unit fuse
DC power relay
AC power relay

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS
1. A system for management of electric energy which is produced by photovoltaic cells which contains mutually interconnected an energy consumption control unit (2), a control unit (8) and a heating unit (9), which is equipped with a temperature measuring unit (91) and with at least one heating element (92) which is modified for liquid heating, wherein the energy consumption control unit (2) contains a DC control unit (21) and an AC control unit (22) and is partly connected to a AC power supply (10) either directly and/or through a secondary source of AC voltage (12) and partly is interconnected with a photovoltaic unit (1) which emits direct voltage namely through a primary source of DC voltage (6) and/or through in series connected an output measuring unit of current and voltage (5), a DC/DC converter (4) and an input measuring unit of current and voltage (3), whereas also the control unit (8) is connected not only through a galvanic way separated secondary source of DC voltage (7) to the photovoltaic unit (1) but also through the galvanic way separated primary source of AC voltage (11) to the AC power supply (10).
2. The system according to the claim 1 , wherein a DC control unit (21) of the energy consumption control unit (2) which operates in direct voltage mode consists of a DC thermal fuse (211) and a DC relay (212) which is connected to a DC temperature controller (213), whereas the DC thermal fuse (211) is connected through the output measuring unit (5) to the DC/DC converter (4) and the DC relay (212) is interconnected with the heating unit (9).
3. The system according to the claim 1 , wherein an AC control unit (22) of the energy consumption control unit (2) which operates in alternating voltage mode consists of an AC thermal fuse (221) and an AC relay (222), which is connected to an AC temperature controller (223), whereas the AC thermal fuse (221) is connected to the AC power supply (10) and the AC relay (222) is interconnected with the heating unit (9).
4. The system according to the some of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the DC thermal fuse (211) and the AC thermal fuse (212) of the energy consumption control unit (2) are mutually interconnected through a control safety segment (100), whereas to the control safety segment (100) are connected a temperature measuring unit (101), a fuse (102), a DC power relay (103) and an AC power relay (104).
5. The system according to the some of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the DC/DC converter (4) is partly interconnected with a primary source of DC voltage (6), partly with the control unit (8) and partly contains mutually interconnected a primary switch (41) and a secondary switch (42), whereas around the secondary switch (42) is formed parallel circuit with an integrated induction element (43) to which are parallel connected a capacitor (44) and a load (45).
6. The system according to the some of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the energy consumption control unit (2) is equipped with a charging unit (23) which is partly formed with a charging relay (231) and a charging controller (232) and partly is connected to at least one energy accumulator (13).
7. The system according to the claim 6, wherein the energy accumulator (13) is interconnected with an inverter (15) which is modified to supply energy into a grid (16).
8. The system according to the some of the claims 1 to 7, wherein to the energy consumption control unit (2) and at the same time also to the control unit (8) is connected an additional module (14) which consists of an UPS relay (141) and to it parallel connected an input measuring element of current (142) and an UPS control unit (143), whereas the input measuring element (142) is connected to the AC power supply (10) and the UPS relay (141) is interconnected with the inverter (15).
9. The system according to the claim 8, wherein the inverter (15) is realized by an UPS type with double conversion.
10. The system according to the some of the claims 1 to 9, wherein the control unit (8) is procured with a detector of smart remote control (17) for detection of off peak current and/or with a communication module (18) for provision of communication with a superior system.
11. The system according to the some of the claims 1 to 10, wherein the control unit (8) is equipped with a memory medium (19) for record of working orders of the system.
PCT/CZ2014/000044 2013-04-25 2014-04-24 A system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells WO2014173379A1 (en)

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KR1020157029801A KR20150131335A (en) 2013-04-25 2014-04-24 A system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells
UAA201508998A UA114663C2 (en) 2013-04-25 2014-04-24 A system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells
EP14724992.4A EP2989392A1 (en) 2013-04-25 2014-04-24 A system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells
RU2015150232A RU2615593C1 (en) 2013-04-25 2014-04-24 System electrical energy control, which is generated by photovoltaic elements
BR112015025536A BR112015025536A2 (en) 2013-04-25 2014-04-24 electric power management system produced by photovoltaic cells
CN201480023206.4A CN105143776A (en) 2013-04-25 2014-04-24 A system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells

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KR20150131335A (en) 2015-11-24
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UA114663C2 (en) 2017-07-10
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