WO2013083521A1

WO2013083521A1 - System for using and storing electrical energy from different types of energy sources

Info

Publication number: WO2013083521A1
Application number: PCT/EP2012/074253
Authority: WO
Inventors: Joachim ARB; Jochen Hantschel
Original assignee: Refusol Gmbh
Priority date: 2011-12-07
Filing date: 2012-12-03
Publication date: 2013-06-13
Also published as: DE102011056138A1

Abstract

What has been produced is: a system (4) for using and storing electrical energy by means of a plurality of different types of energy sources including at least one DC voltage generator (2) and an AC voltage power supply system (3). The system (4) has a battery device (6) for temporarily storing energy and an inverter (11), which has a low intermediate circuit and a high intermediate circuit (8, 9) and is also designed for drawing alternating current from the power supply system (3). A coupling/decoupling device (29) is arranged between the at least one DC voltage generator (2), the battery device (6) and the intermediate circuits (8, 9) and is designed to enable optionally efficient and simultaneous charging of the battery device (6) by the at least one DC voltage generator (2) and by drawing current from the power supply system.

Description

System for using and storing electrical energy of various energy sources

The present invention relates to a system for using and storing electrical energy of various energy sources.

Energy generation plants, the electrical energy from re ^¬ generative energy, eg. Of solar generators, wind power or hydropower generators and the like. Produce in order o in a network, for example. A public power to feed the connected and isolated operation consumer versor ^¬ gen, are well known and increasingly widespread.

The energy supplied by the respective generator can vary greatly depending on the ambient and operating conditions. For example, The power delivered by a photovoltaic generator depends strongly on the solar radiation, temperature, etc. On warm, sunny summer days at lunchtime, the generator can deliver the maximum power, while under cloudy, shaded conditions or in cold winter time the generator power drops. At night, a photovoltaic generator delivers no power. Accordingly, the output power of a wind power generator is dependent on the respective current wind conditions.

The instantaneous generator power may be greater than the power currently being consumed by connected loads or fed into a grid. However, there is a desire to always operate the power generation plant in an optimized way so that the generator always delivers the highest possible power according to the current conditions. This operating point is currently the highest performance than the MPP point (maximum power point).

If a power generation plant performance and work income ^¬ optimized, suggested excess generator ^¬ energy must be saved in the meantime. The stored energy can then be used in times of lower energy supply.

In order for such a power plant with memory can be used economically useful, it may be necessary to run the system as a hybrid system. "Hybrid" means in this context that several verschiedenarti ^¬ ge energy sources in the same system or network can be used. For example, can this be photovoltaic generators, wind power generators, hydropower generators, cogeneration and / or diesel generators.

By using a further energy source, it is possible to economically dimension the main generator, for example a photovoltaic generator, and the battery provided for storing excess energy, and to increase the battery life. The battery must be fully charged by some Batte ^¬ rietechnologien at regular intervals, eg what voltaikspeisung or during the winter months by pure photon is not possible in relatively calm times for wind power plants.

From EP 1 965 483 AI an additional device for switching between a public power grid and a power system is known, wherein the Zu sat zeinrichtung several consumers are connected, which are optionally supplied by the power generation plant or from the supply network with energy ^¬ . Furthermore, an accumulator in the form of an inverter is connected to the satellite device via an inverter connected to the AC side of the system. ner battery connected. The battery is charged in times of high energy delivery by the photovoltaic generator and used in times of lower energy supply by the power generation plant to provide power for consumers bereitzu ^¬. As an alternative to the supply from the photovoltaic generator, the battery can be charged from the public power grid via a separate Batteriela ^¬ degerät. Furthermore, an additional generator, for example an electric generator, can be connected to the auxiliary device as an alternative power supply.

The battery coupled to the power plant makes it possible, as needed, to balance the differential energy between the energy produced and the energy consumed. By coupling to the AC side of the power ^generating installation, however, relatively high conversion losses arise in ^¬ predominant power generation by the power generation plant. For charging the battery as supplied by the Photovoltaikge ^¬ erator DC power must first by an inverter into an AC power with conformal to the supply mains voltage, eg the rms value of 230V and a frequency of 50 Hz are converted. Thereafter, this voltage is adjusted by the rectifier associated with the battery to a suitable for the battery DC voltage of, for example, only 12 or 24 volts, generally max. 48V, converted. This leads to high conversion losses.

In addition, the AC-side coupling of storage batteries results in a relatively complex system, which has many individual components, including an inverter for the photovoltaic generator, an additional AC / DC rectifier for the storage battery and numerous switches for switching the Stromführungspfade, and is relatively expensive ^¬ play. Especially in a three-phase system, the effort increases significantly. For each phase at least one Alternator / rectifier are kept over which the battery is charged and discharged.

In addition, the battery can only be alternatively charged either from the photovoltaic generator or from the public power grid or the additional generator. A simultaneous charging of the battery by a plurality of generators or energy sources but would be to better use of the power of a generator and better utilization of a change ^¬ judge advantageous. There is a desire in men Hybridsyste ^¬ a flexible, efficient and simultaneous charge of a memory by a plurality of different types of generators or

To allow sources.

From DE 10 2006 010 694 B4 an inverter is known in particular for a photovoltaic system for feeding into an AC voltage network, wherein the inverter has a first, low DC link with capacitors for storing energy, a second, high DC link with capacitors for storing energy, is the second intermediate circuit is a boost converter associated with the up converts the clamping ^¬ voltage of the first intermediate circuit to a magnitude higher potential of the second intermediate circuit, and with so-called egg ^¬ ner. multilevel inverter arrangement is known that is based on the half-bridge configuration and having switching elements which enable to supply energy from the first or the second DC link to the grid, if desired. The Wechsel ^¬ judge arrangement is bidirectional, so that it also allows a Ent ^¬ measure of power from the grid for charging the capacitors of the second, high intermediate circuit.

Starting herefrom, it is an object to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above and Unzulänglichkei ^¬ th of conventional systems of the present invention, and a system for the use and storage of electrical energy verschiedenarti- ger energy sources, which allows a simultaneous charging of a memory by multiple generators or energy sources. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide such a system that allows charging of a storage battery selectively either of a direct ^¬ voltage generator and / or from an AC voltage source or an alternating voltage generator having the lowest possible cost and with high efficiency and flexibility. Especially as few components should provide more Need Beer ^¬ Strengthens and losses avoided through conversions or largely reduced.

Another object of the present invention is to provide such a system for the use and storage of electrical energy, which makes it possible to integrate at least one to ^¬ sätzlichen direct-voltage generator and to simultaneously charge a battery in parallel with a main generator and / or an AC voltage source and to use an AC generator.

This object is achieved according to the present invention by the system having the features of claim 1.

According to the present invention, there is provided a system for using and storing electrical energy of various types of energy sources, comprising a first and a second DC voltage generator ^branch connected to a first or a second DC voltage generator terminal for a

DC generator are connected, a battery device which is connected between the first and the second generator branch to store energy as needed or to make the stored energy usable, a first

DC input branch, which is ^¬ branch connected to the first generator, a second DC input ^¬ branch comparable connectable to the second branch or generator In addition, a first intermediate circuit, which is arranged to temporarily store energy between the first and the second input branch, has a second intermediate circuit which is arranged and arranged for temporarily storing energy in such a way that it generates its voltage by boosting the DC input voltage of the first intermediate circuit can be, and has an inverter, whose input is connected to the first and the second DC link and the input for converting AC input side DC voltage energy in the output side AC power and the conversion AC side AC energy in the input side

DC power is set up.

According to the invention, the system further comprises a separator, a first bypass device and a second bypass device. The separating device is set up to branch ^¬-demand production and separation of a pipe connection between at least the first generator and the first input branch. Thus, a generator connected to the generator via the first generator branch optionally selectively connected to the first input branch or isolated from this. The first bypass branch means is arranged to selectively establishing and disconnection of a line connecting between at least the first terminal and the generator ers ^¬ th input bypassing the first generator branch. With a disengaged means comprises a bypass connection between the first generator terminal and the first input branch Herge ^¬ represents may be so via the first bypass device. The second bypass device is set up for the selective production and disconnection of a line connection between at least one connection of the second intermediate circuit and the first generator branch, bypassing the first input ^two . This can be connected via a bypass connection optionally to the first generator branch with open disconnecting device, the second intermediate circuit. The invention enables a flexible, efficient, and may be ^¬ as simultaneous charge of the battery means by at least one DC voltage generator and / or an AC voltage source or an alternating voltage generator which is connected to the output of the inverter or. With the invention, it is possible to use several energy sources for charging the battery device by appropriate switching by means of the separator and the bypass devices.

DC voltage generators, such as, for example, a photovoltaic generator or a rectified energy generated by the wind power generator, can be connected DC-coupled, so that no additional inverters are needed and unnecessary losses due to transformations are largely avoided. An AC power network, such as a public utility grid, or an alternator, such as a combined heat and power plant, diesel generator, wind or hydropower turbine, or another photovoltaic or wind generator with a separate inverter, can be AC-coupled with no additional battery charger to charge the storage. This is supported by the bidirectional inverter, which also allows AC power from an AC grid or generator, and which has the first, low DC link and the second, high DC link with boost converter. In combination with the memory device according to the invention and the bypass means, a very flexible and efficient system having a high in ^¬ can be characterized tegrationsdichte realize, so as to obtain a compact, expense ^¬ poor and cost-effective system that is similar in structure and in operation flexible and modular, assembly plants ^¬ ckungsvarianten, can be customized to customer requirements easily. In addition, the invention can be retrofitted with little effort in existing power generation plants. The battery unit preferably comprises a reconstruction chargeable battery unit and a battery unit zugeord ^¬ designated DC-DC converter assembly having a combined up and down converter preferably based getak- Teter switch. As a result, charging of the battery unit with high energy supply and discharging of the battery unit in times of lower energy supply by a primary generator, for example. Photovoltaic generator, possible.

The battery unit may consist of a plurality of electrical Batte ^¬ rien, which are connected in series to allow a total maximum battery voltage which is suitable for the particular application. For example. may be useful in photovoltaic systems for feeding into the public grid battery banks for the economic use of the battery means that allow for maximum battery voltage of Wenig ^¬ least about 100V to about 500V or more.

By the system according to the invention can always be ensured that the battery units are fully charged at regular intervals, even in low-sun times when fed by a photovoltaic generator or windless times in a wind turbine generator.

In a preferred embodiment of a battery device according to the invention this has at least a first Bat ^¬ terieeinrichtung with a first battery unit and one of said associated first DC-DC converter arrangement, a second battery device having a second battery unit and one of said associated second DC-DC converter arrangement, and a switch arrangement, which is adapted and arranged to selectively connect the first and second battery ^¬ unit either electrically in parallel or in series with each other and the parallel or series circuit with the generator branches. Thus, the battery unit optionally and depending on the operating conditions are either coupled in parallel to the generator to give a state of low voltage across the battery units, in which the battery units can be charged even at low generator voltage. The battery units can then also be discharged symmetrically with low voltage from both parallel branches of the battery units. Alternatively, the battery units can also be connected in series to the generator. This makes it possible to achieve a high voltage across the series-connected memory devices which are close to the optimum operating points of an inverter, even up to 200-700V. This can also minimize conversion losses when feeding from the battery. In addition, depending on the operating condition, the series connection of the battery units can be discharged with high voltage, which also largely avoids conversion losses. This further increases the flexibility and efficiency of the system according to the invention.

Also, through the system, a charge balance between the two battery units can be performed. This allows a safe full charge of a battery unit or serves so that a same charge state results in both battery units, which is necessary or conducive to optimal operation when unloading in series.

A simple implementation of the switch assembly may include a first switch for establishing or canceling a connection between a first pole of the first battery unit and an opposite second pole of the second battery unit and a second switch arranged and connected to connect between the opposite second pole the second battery unit and the second generator branch to establish or cancel. Incidentally, any battery units may be used, which are also referred to as accumulators. For example, electrochemical cells, such as lithium-ion battery ^¬ mulatoren, nickel-cadmium storage batteries or nickel-metal hydride batteries, conventional lead-acid batteries and the like. be used. Suitable accumulators have a high energy absorption capacity with low self-discharge. In principle, storage capacitors, for example so-called ultra capsules, can also be used as battery units in the sense of the invention.

The first generator branch may have a protective diode, which is connected in the direction of flow between the first generator connection and the battery device. The diode prevents discharge of the battery device by a generator connected to the generator terminals. With sufficient energy of the generator, it is possible to bridge the Dio ^¬ de with a switch to avoid passage losses through the diode.

The first and the second DC link are preferably each DC voltage intermediate circuits, each having one or more storage capacitors connected in series.

The second intermediate circuit, which can also be referred to as a high intermediate circuit, a DC-DC converter is assigned, which serves to increase the input DC voltage of the first, low DC link to a magnitude higher potential ^¬ tial of the second intermediate circuit. This provides an increased voltage potential for a multilevel inverter, which can be used in particular if the DC voltage of the generator or of the battery device for generating AC power would not be sufficient. It is the use of the increased voltage potential of the two ^¬ th intermediate circuit preferably periods, so Bruchtei- le of the half-waves of the AC voltage, limited with insufficient input DC voltage. In the remaining periods, the lower DC voltage is used at the first DC link for AC generation. As a result, voltage jumps, switching losses, ripple currents and electromagnetic interference can be kept low.

In a preferred embodiment, the DC / DC converter according to the invention for the second DC link on an up-converter part. The boost converter part includes a Rei ^¬ henschaltung of an inductance whose primary side is connected to the first DC input branch, and a free wheeling diode whose cathode is connected to the terminal or positive pole of the second intermediate circuit, and a clockable switch on the one hand at the connection point between the inductance and the freewheeling diode and on the other ^{¬ is} connected to a neutral conductor (or at a training without center tap to the second DC voltage input branch).

The inverter according to the invention has a one- to three-phase, preferably transformerless inverter ^¬ circuit with high-frequency tactile electronic switch elements and freewheeling paths, which are designed to selectively feeding AC energy from the first or second intermediate circuit or a withdrawal of AC energy for charging the second high DC link in a controlled manner to educate ^¬ len. The inverter can therefore also serve as a controllable rectifier.

In one embodiment of the invention, the disconnecting device for selectively connecting the first generator branch to the first input branch has a controllable switch which has a forward direction from the first generator branch to the first Having the first input branch, and arranged in series with the scarf ^¬ ter, in the same direction of passage rectifier diode, which protects the switch against reverse currents.

The first bypass device of the invention has Wenig ^¬ least a first one of the first generator connection to the first A ^¬ branch passage leading bypass line in which a is disposed at ^¬ controllable switch in series with a rectifier diode, which has the same conducting direction as the scarf ^¬ ter. By closing the switch, a generator can be coupled to the first input branch, bypassing the first generator branch.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second bypass device has at least one further bypass line leading from the positive connection or pole of the second intermediate circuit to the first generator branch, in which a controllable switch is arranged. By closing the switch, the intermediate circuit is coupled to the first generator branch bypassing the first input branch.

The system according to the invention preferably has a ^¬ telanzapfung With the first and second intermediate circuit, the guided through a through the inverter

Neutral conductor is connected. Then, the aforementioned devices, including the driver with the controllable switch between the generator branch and the input branch, the first bypass line with the tactile switch and the rectifier diode and the second bypass line with the controllable switch and the anti-parallel diode, the DC link capacitors and the DC / DC Converter also provided in an analo ^¬ ger manner between the second, negative generator terminal and the neutral conductor. Alternatively, the system can also be realized without center tapping, in which case the aforementioned components are omitted. The aforementioned generator connections and branches are used to connect a main or primary Gleichspannungserzeu ^¬ gers or generator. The system can also be extended to at least one further, preferably to integrate andersarti ^¬ gen DC voltage generator as needed. To this end, the system may further include at least first and second secondary generator terminals for a secondary DC voltage generator, first and second secondary DC voltage generator branches respectively connected to the first and second secondary generator terminals, and a switch circuit including allows at least the first secondary generator branch to be selectively connected to the first primary generator branch or to the first input branch. In a manner similar to the primary generator, the secondary generator can optionally be coupled to the first primary generator branch or bypassing it, with the disconnector open to the first input branch, to charge the battery device possibly parallel to the charge by mains current drain and / or feeding to achieve. This can provide a flexible hybrid system that is suitable for various applications, in particular different DC clamping ^¬ voltage generator and an efficient and simultaneous La ^¬ dung of the battery memory by the primary and secondary generator and from the network permits.

In a preferred, simple embodiment of the invention, the switching circuit at least a first and a second switch path, said first switch path connects the first secondary generator branch with the first primary generator path and having a first switch unit, while the second switch path to the first secondary genera ^¬ torzweig connects to the first input branch and has a two ^¬ te switch unit. The second switch unit can also have a clockable switch to made ^¬ handy to operate, if necessary, a low reduction of the potential of the secondary generator the secondary generator in all modes of operation as possible in its optimum MPP operating point.

The system according to the invention further comprises a sensor device for detecting operating parameters, which include at least the voltages at the primary and optionally the secondary generator (s), the battery unit (s) and the intermediate circuits, and a control device which ^controls the operation of the system, including the inverter, generator (s), battery units, switch and bypass devices, etc., depending on the detected operating parameters. Specifically, the control means may comprise a control logic that allows it to perform a function of the detected operating parameters of one of the following modes of operation: supplying AC power either from at least one connected to the Gene ^¬ ratoranschlüsse direct current generator and / or from the battery means (preferably both when the generator voltage less than the battery voltage and vice versa), charge the battery device either from at least one of the existing DC generators, AC generator with rectifier and / or AC power taken from the AC side of the inverter, or a combination of such feed and charge operations. Thus, creating ge ^¬ a highly flexible and -Efficient hybrid system.

The one or more generators provided on the hybrid system according to the invention may be selected from a group including photovoltaic generators, wind generators with rectifiers, hydropower or wind turbines with rectifiers, fuel cells and generators with internal combustion engines, such as diesel generators and cogeneration units. works, with rectifiers. On the output side of the inverter AC power sources can be connected, which are selected from the group to the least ^¬ least an AC Versorgungsnet z, a wind generator, a hydroelectric or wind turbine with alternator and generators with internal combustion engines, such as diesel generators and combined heat and power plants , belong. It is also possible to connect DC or AC consumers simply to the hybrid system according to the invention.

Further details of advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the drawing, the description and the claims. In the drawings, embodiments of the invention are illustrated, wherein the drawing is merely illustrative of the principles of the invention and this is not limited in any way and wherein like Bezugszei ^¬ Chen the drawing are used to designate the same or similar parts. In the drawing show:

1 is a highly simplified block diagram of a he ^¬ inventive hybrid system according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a simplified circuit diagram illustrating a modified embodiment of the hybrid system of FIG. 1 in more detail; FIG. and

Fig. 3 is a circuit arrangement illustrating another modifi ed ^¬ embodiment of a hybrid system according to the invention.

In Fig. 1, a power ^generating installation 1 in a schematic manner is illustrated having a DC voltage genes ^¬ rator 2, an AC generator or an AC power source 3 and an interposed Invention ^¬ invention system 4 for the production, use and storage having electrical energy. The power generation plant can be, for example, a photovoltaic system that converts solar energy into alternating current electrical energy, which is then either fed into a grid, eg a public grid, or used to supply local AC consumers. However, the power generation plant can also ei ^¬ ne wind turbine, a hydropower plant, a fuel ^¬ cell based plant or any other suitable An ^¬ location be that generates electricity preferably from renewable energy.

The power generation plant has the generator 2, which supplies a variable DC voltage U _G at its output depending on ambient and / or operating conditions. For example. For example, generator 2 may be a photovoltaic generator that converts solar energy into electrical energy whose magnitude depends on solar radiation, cloudiness, shading, season, time of day, temperature and other influencing factors as well as the respective operating state. The generator 2 can also be a rectified wind generator, a wind turbine coupled to a DC generator, or a generator based on fuel cells or an internal combustion engine, for example a diesel generator or cogeneration plant, depending on the type of plant.

The AC voltage generator or the AC voltage source 3 (hereinafter simply referred to as the AC voltage generator) may be, for example, a public utility network into which the AC power generated is fed, or any AC voltage generator capable of supplying a voltage of, for example, 230V RMS and 50Hz frequency, such as For example, a combined heat and power plant, a diesel generator o- and also another photovoltaic or wind turbine with separate inverter. Incidentally, at the plant 1 on the DC or AC side can also Connected to consumers (not illustrated) who use the generated or provided energy.

The system 4 according to the invention for generating, using and storing energy of the various energy sources 2, 3 essentially comprises a battery device 6 and an inverter arrangement 7, which are connected in parallel to the output of the generator. The battery device 6 serves to temporarily store the energy provided by the DC voltage generator 2 and / or the AC voltage generator 3 in order to make it usable at a later time. Furthermore, the battery device 6 serves to assist or replace the generator 2 in the provision of energy for the inverter arrangement 7 if the generator energy is insufficient for this purpose. The Batterieeinrich ^¬ device 6 is explained in more detail below.

The inverter arrangement 7 has a first intermediate circuit 8 for temporarily storing energy, a second intermediate circuit 9 for temporarily storing energy, the voltage of which can be generated by boosting the DC input voltage of the first intermediate circuit 8, and an inverter 11. The inverter 11 is connected with its input to the first and the second intermediate circuit 8, 9 and set up for converting input side DC ^¬ energy in the output side AC power and for converting the output side AC power in the input side DC power. The change ^¬ judge arrangement 7 is explained in more detail below.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the generator 2 provides its DC voltage U _G to a first and second DC voltage generator terminal 13, 13 ', from which a first and a second generator branch 14, 14' extend. In which with the first, generator branches 14, 14 'is in each case a protective diode 16, 16 'is arranged, which prevents Entla ^¬ tion of the battery device 6 via the generator 2. As needed 'bridging of the protective diode 16, 16' is parallel to a respective switch 17, 17 'vorgese ^¬ hen.

Between the generator branches 14, 14 ', the battery device 6 is connected, which has a battery unit 18 and a DC voltage converter arrangement 19 arranged in series therewith. The DC-DC converter arrangement 19 serves to transform the voltage applied between the generator branches 14, 14 'to the battery voltage U _B and vice versa. The DC-DC converter arrangement 19 is connected to the positive pole of the battery unit 18, whose negative pole is connected to the second generator branch 14 '.

The first and the second generator branch 14, 14 'are via disconnectors 21, 21' with a first and a second

DC input branch 22, 22 'connected to which the inverter assembly 7 is connected. By closing or opening the first circuit breaker 21, the first input branch 22 may be electrically connected or lei ^¬ tend to be separated from the first generator branch fourteenth Similarly, 'the second input branch 22' to the second genera ^¬ is coupled torzweig 14 'and separated from it by closing or opening the second circuit breaker 21st

The first DC intermediate circuit 8 is connected between the input branches 22, 22 'and has a series connection of two storage capacitors 23, 23', which have substantially the same capacitance. The mid-point 24 between the capacitors 23, 23 'is connected via a tap to a neutral conductor, not shown here, which is passed through the inverter 11. Similarly, the second DC link 9 has a series arrangement of two substantially equal sized storage capacitors 26, 26 'which are connected between a first and a second DC voltage input line 27, 27' and whose connection point is connected to the center tap line 24 is. The input lines 27, 27 'are used to provide a magnitude increased voltage potential for the inverter 11. For this purpose, a first DC / DC converter 28 is arranged between the first input branch 22 and the first input line 27, which is adapted to that at the first input branch 22 be ^¬ provisioned potential of the first intermediate circuit voltage U _ZK i up to an absolute higher potential of the voltage applied across the storage ^¬ capacitor 26 second intermediate circuit voltage U _ZK 2. Similarly, a second DC / DC converter 28 'is a boost converter between the second, negative

DC input branch 22 'and the second DC input line 27' functionally arranged.

As can be seen further from Fig. 1, the erfindungsge ^¬ Permitted System 4 a decoupling / coupling device which makes it possible selectively either the direct voltage generator 2 or the alternating voltage generator 3 or both to be used for charging the battery device 6. The coupling / decoupling device 29 includes a separating device 31, which is essentially formed by the disconnecting switches 21, 21 ', and a first and a second bypass device 32, 33.

The first bypass device 32 has a first bypass line 34, which essentially leads from the first generator connection 13 to the first input branch 22 in parallel with the first generator branch 14 and the switch 21 connected thereto. In the first bypass line 34, a preferably controllable first switch 36 is arranged, depending on the state, a current flow through the bypass line 34 either allows or prevents.

Analogously, a second bypass line 34 'is connected to the negative DC voltage connection 13' of the generator 2, which is connected to the second input branch 22 'and has a switch 36' for producing and disconnecting the line connection.

The second bypass device 33 has a first By- to pass path 37, the leads 27 of the positive terminal 25 of the SpeI ^¬ cherkondensators 26 and the first input line to the first branch generator fourteenth In the bypass path 37, a controllable switch 38 and an antiparallel connected to this diode 39 are arranged.

Analogously, a second bypass path 37 'connects the terminal 25' of the storage capacitor 26 'and the second input line 27' to the second generator branch 14 'and includes a switch 38' with an anti-parallel diode 39 '.

As further highly schematically in Fig. 1 illustrates, the plant 1 has a sensor device 41 and a control device 42 ^¬. The sensor device 41 has (not shown here) sensor means, such as voltage and Stromfüh ^¬ ler, which make it possible to detect signals at different points of the power generation plant 1. In particular, the output voltage of the generator 2, U _G , the voltage across the battery unit 18, U _B , the first and the two ^¬ te ^{DC link} voltage U _ZK i, U _ZK 3 and U _ZK 2, U _ZK 4 and the change ^¬ voltage at the output of the inverter 11 are detected. Au ^¬ ßerdem can also flows, such as, the output current of the generator 2 or the alternating current at the output of the inverter 11 are detected. The sensor device may also further parameters, such as in a photovoltaic system the mo ^¬ mentane radiation performance, ambient temperature, etc., as Detect input signals 43 and report in the form of sensor signals 44 to the controller 42 to allow this to control the operation of the power generation plant 1 aptly.

The control device 42 controls the operation of the energy ^¬ generation system 1, in particular of the generator 2, the Batte ^¬ rieeinrichtung 6, the inverter assembly 7 and the coupling / decoupling device 29, depending on the current operating conditions and according to a predetermined control logic different operating modes In particular, the ^controller may selectively supply AC power either from the generator 2 and / or from the battery device 6 or charge the battery device 6 either from the generator 2 and / or through AC power takeoff or a combination of such power supply and Charges cause. The fiction, contemporary ^¬ System 4 works as follows:

It is, for example, assumed that the system 1 is a photo-voltaic system is that is attached to an AC voltage network 3 ^¬ closed. For feeding energy into the network 3 either from the generator 2 or from the battery unit 18, the switches 21, 21 'of the separator 31 are closed and the switches 36, 36' and 38, 38 'of the first and second bypass means 32, 33 are opened , The generator 2 now feeds the inverter 11 via the generator branches 14, 14 'and the input branches 22, 22' as well as via the DC / DC converters 28, 28 'serving as boost converters and the input lines 27, 27'. The example may be an inverter, as described in more detail in DE 10 2006 010 694 B4, uses the voltage U _ZK i and stored energy of the first intermediate circuit 8 and the high voltage U _ZK 2 and stored energy of the second intermediate ^¬ circle 9, at its output a matching to the network 3 AC voltage, for example. A 230 V 50 Hz voltage, and a to generate suitable AC power.

Alternatively, the inverter 11 can be fed in the same way from the battery unit 18, wherein the ^DC voltage ^¬ converter assembly 19 is operated as an up-converter to raise the battery voltage U _B to the required intermediate circuit voltage U _ZK i + U _ZK 3.

The inverter 11 can also be fed both from the generator 2 and from the battery device 6. In this case, if the voltage U _{G of} the generator 2 is greater than the voltage U _{B of} the battery unit 18, the DC-DC converter ^¬ arrangement 19 is operated properly to raise the potential of the battery ^¬ gigarge voltage U _B to that of the generator voltage U _G. If, in the opposite case, the generator voltage U _{G is} lower than the battery voltage U _B , then the disconnecting switches 21, 21 'can be opened and the switches 36 and 36' of the first bypass device 32 can be closed. The battery unit 18 then feeds the second intermediate circuit 9 via the diodes 39, 39 'of the bypass path 37, 37' with the switch 39, 39 'open, while the generator 2 is supplied via the bypass lines 34, 34' and the input branches 22, 22 '. the first intermediate circuit 8 feeds and where ^¬ in the generator voltage via the boost converter 28, 28 'is increased to the voltage of the second intermediate circuit 9.

In other modes of operation, the battery unit 18 may also be charged regularly or as needed. Charging by the generator 2 takes place via the DC-DC converter arrangement 19, which is operated as a step-down converter. At the same time, the generator 2 can also feed the inverter 11 in the manner explained above.

The battery unit 18 may also from the alternating voltage network clamping ^¬ 3 of removed energy ER of one or more of alternating voltage in the alternating voltage network witnesses being loaded. To make this possible, it must be 9 charged to the system peak voltage in preparation for a network current draw of the second, high Zvi ^¬ intermediate circuit. This is preferably done from the battery unit 18 through the DC-DC converter assembly 19, which operates as a boost converter. It is also possible to charge the second intermediate circuit 9 via the boost converters 28, 28 'from the generator 2. The charging of the second, high DC link to the mains peak voltage is required so that when switching the AC mains high pulse currents are avoided.

If the preparation for the mains current draw abge ^¬ closed, the switches 38, 38 of the separation device 31 are 'of the second direction Bypassein- 33 are closed and the switches 21, 21' open. The inverter 11 can now transfer energy between the alternating voltage network 3 and the second, high intermediate circuit 9 via its functionality of the mains current drain and thus charge the battery unit 18 via the bypass paths 37, 37 'with the closed switches 38, 38'. The DC-DC converter arrangement 19 provides the required potential matching by acting as buck converter.

If the battery unit 18 is to be charged at the same time by mains ^current drain and from the generator 2, the preparation for the mains current drain, as explained above, must have taken place. Thereafter, the switches 38, 38 'of the second bypass device 33 are closed, the disconnectors 21, 21' are opened and the switches 36, 36 'of the first bypass device 32 are closed. The energy through the mains current drain can now flow through the closed switches 38, 38 '. When the potential of generator terminal 13 or 13 'of magnitude is lower than that of the second intermediate circuit voltage U _ZK 2 + U _ZK 4, the energy flows from the generator 2 via the CLOSED ^¬ Senen switch 36, 36' and is used by the DC / DC Converters 28, 28 ' to the potential of the second, high intermediate circuit 9, as specified by the inverter 11, set high. By the DC / DC converter 28, 28 'is always an MPP tracking on the generator 2 possible.

If the potential of the generator terminal 13 or 13 'in terms of magnitude higher than that of the second intermediate circuit voltage ζκ2, is possible in a further embodiment, the clamping ^¬ tion of the generator 2 via the DC / DC converter 28, 28', in this case as a buck converter working to deepen the potential of the second DC link. Thus, the system 4 of the invention allows a flexible, efficient and time ^¬ same charge the battery device 6 by the different types of energy sources 2 and 3 and an equally flexible and efficient use of battery energy time ^¬ same with the energy from the generator. 2

In a further operating mode alternately, time ^¬ staggered to each other, the generator 2 feed energy into the network 3 and the battery device 6 are charged by current drain from the network 3. This may be useful, for example, if the generator voltage is not sufficient for both functions, but charging the batteries 18 is necessary or expedient.

A special, advantageous embodiment of the inventions ^{¬ to the} invention system 4 is illustrated in greater detail in Fig. 2. The illustration of FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 only in that here a modified, preferred embodiment of the battery device 6 and concrete embodiments of the coupling / decoupling device 29 and the inverter assembly 7 are indicated. However, these are only exemplary execution ^¬ forms, so that there are other possibilities for implementation. With respect to the other components illustrated with reference to the same reference numerals to the above statements in connection with FIG. 1 reference.

The preferred embodiment of the battery device 6 illustrated in FIG. 2 has a first battery device 6a and a second battery device 6b. The first Bat ^¬ terieeinrichtung 6a has a first battery unit 18a and the associated first DC-DC converter assembly 19a. DC-DC converter assembly 19a is an inductive converter formed by a combined boost converter and buck converter. In particular, the first DC-DC converter arrangement 19a has a first electronic switch unit 47a with a switch 48a and a freewheeling diode 49a connected in antiparallel to it, a second electronic switch unit

Switch unit 51a with a switch 52a and an antipa ^¬ parallel freewheeling diode 53a and an inductor 54a. The inductor 54a is connected to a connection point between the switch units 47a, 51a and to the positive terminal of the battery ^¬ unit 18a. The negative pole of the battery unit 18a is connected to the second, negative generator branch 14 ', to which the second switch unit 51a is also connected. The first switch unit 47a is in turn connected to the first generator branch 14 Ge ^¬ .

Similarly, the second battery device 6b has a second battery unit 18b and a DC-DC converter arrangement 19b associated therewith, which is arranged between the generator branches 14, 14 '. The DC ^¬ transducer assembly 19b comprises a first and a second electro ^¬ African switch unit 47b, 51b, each having a scarf ^¬ ter 48b, 52b, and this anti-parallel freewheeling diode 49b have 53b, and an inductor 54b. The first switch unit 47b is angeord ^¬ net between the positive generator branch 14 and a terminal of the second switch unit 51b, whose other terminal to the negative generator branch 14 ' connected is. The inductor 54b is connected to the connection point between the ^¬ switch units 47b, 51b and to the positive pole of the battery unit 18b.

In addition, a switch assembly 56 is provided, which is adapted to the first and the second Batterieein ^{¬ unit} 18a, 18b either electrically connected either in parallel or in series with each other and with the generator branches 14, 14 '. For this purpose, the switch arrangement 56 has a first switch 57 and a second switch 58. The first

Switch 57 is disposed in a connection branch connecting the connection point between the inductance 54a and the positive pole of the first battery unit 18a to the negative pole of the second battery unit 18b. The second switch 58 is disposed in a branch, which connects the negative pole of the second battery ^¬ unit 18b to the negative branch generator 14 '.

If the first switch 57 open and the second shawl ^¬ ter 58 is closed, both battery means 6a, 6b connected to each other parallel to the generator. 2 In the opposite case, when the first switch closed 57 and the second switch 58 is opened, the two Batterieein ^¬ units 18a, 18b connected in series. Depending on the operating conditions, the battery units 18a, 18b can now be charged or discharged either in series or in parallel in the manner already explained above in connection with FIG. 1 from the generator 2 and / or by mains current drain.

If the battery units 18a, 18b closed parallel to each other is carried out charging via the DC ^¬ transducer assemblies 19a, 19b, which operate in this operating case as a buck converter. For this purpose, the first switch units 48a, 48b being ^¬ controlled with a duty ratio suitable to a suitable battery charging voltage for charging the battery units 18a, 18b provide. The freewheeling current here passes over the freewheeling diodes 53a, 53b of the second switch units 51a, 51b.

With sufficient generator voltage, the battery units 18a, 18b can also be charged in series connection. For this purpose, the switch 57 is closed and the switch 58 is opened, and the second DC-DC converter arrangement 19b is used by appropriate clocking of the switch 48b as Tiefsetz ^¬ actuator.

For feeding from the battery units 18a, 18b, these can be connected in series with each other to obtain a relatively high total battery voltage in order to minimize conversion losses. In this case, the DC-DC converter arrangement 19b is used as a step-up converter by the switch 52b is driven with a suitable duty cycle.

Alternatively, in particular if the generator voltage is lower than the voltage of the series connection of the battery units 18a, 18b, they are discharged symmetrically in parallel through the first and second DC voltage converter ^arrangements 19a, 19b and boosted to the intermediate circuit level of the intermediate circuit 8. For this, the scarf ^¬ ter 52a, 52b of the second switch units 51a, 51b connected with the appropriate setting for the high duty cycle. In the manner explained above, the battery units 18a, 18b can also be used together with the generator 2 for feeding the inverter 11.

In Fig. 2, a concrete embodiment of the coupling / decoupling device 29 according to the invention is further illustrated. In particular, the switches 21, 21 'of the separator 31 as electronic switches with a in Series with the switch 21, 21 'and disposed in the same conducting direction rectifier diode 61, 61' illustrates that the switches 21, 21 'against any reverse currents Schütting ^¬ zen. Likewise, rectifier diodes 62, 62 'are also provided in series with the switches 36, 36' of the first and second bypass lines 34, 34 'of the first bypass device 32. Incidentally, the coupling / decoupling device 29 illustrated in FIG. 2 corresponds in terms of its structure and functionality to the coupling / decoupling device illustrated in FIG. 1.

In addition, Fig. 2 shows a concrete, preferred exporting ^¬ approximate shape of a DC / DC converter 28, 28 ', which is suitable for wetting Hochset ^¬ a voltage. Thus, the first DC / DC converter 28 has an up-converting part 73. The up-converter portion 73 is an inductive converter with an inductance 76, whose primary side is connected to the first input branch 22 and whose secondary side is ver ^¬ connected in series with a free-wheeling diode 77, whose cathode is connected to the terminal 25 or the A ^¬ output line 27 , A switchable switch 78 is connected to the secondary side of the inductance 76 and via the center ^¬ tap 24 to a neutral conductor 79. To increase the voltage U _ZK i of the first intermediate circuit 8, the switch 78 is switched in a known manner with a duty cycle suitable for boosting.

In an analogous manner, the DC / DC converter 28 'has a step-up converter part 73', wherein the boost converter part 73 'an inductance 76', the primary side to the second A ^¬ branch passage 22 'is connected in series with a freewheeling diode 77', which Cathode is connected to the terminal 25 'of the second intermediate circuit 9, and a clockable switch 78' which is connected between the secondary side of the inductor 76 'and the neutral conductor 79. As can be seen further from FIG. 2, the thus-formed DC / DC converter 28, 28 'can, including the DC link capacitors 23, 23', carried out in duplicate and be parallel connected zuei ^¬ Nander. These can then be clocked in time or nested for upward or downward conversion. As a result, ripple currents due to the switching of the DC / DC converter switches can be reduced.

The inverter 11 is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 2 in the already mentioned multilevel inverter circuit arrangement, which uses the two input voltages of the first and the second DC link 8, 9. The inverter 11 has parallel to the capacitors 23, 23 'of the first intermediate circuit 8, a half bridge circuit having two connected in Rei ^¬ he switch elements 82, 83, may be to those connected in parallel and in the opposite conducting direction, a freewheeling diode (not ver ^¬ anschaulicht) to protect these anti-lock currents. In series with the respective switches 82, 83 rectifier diodes 84, 86 are provided which are arranged in the same passage direction as the switch elements 82, 83.

There are also two further switch elements 87, 88 each provided with antiparallel freewheeling diodes 89, 91 and in series with each other. The switch elements 87, 88 are connected to the output terminals 25, 25 'of the respective DC / DC converters 28, 28', respectively. The other terminal of the ^{Schalterele ¬} elements 87, 88 is connected to each other and a center tap 90 of the half-bridge with the switches 58, 59.

The inverter 11 further includes two freewheeling paths 92, 93 which extend parallel to each other between the center tap 90 and the neutral conductor 79. Each freewheeling path 92, 93 has a switch element 94 or 96 with an optional anti-parallel to this freewheeling diode and a in Row arranged on this rectifier diode 97 and 98, which has the same passage direction as the associated scarf ^¬ terelement 94 and 96, respectively. Incidentally, the DC ^¬ rectifier diodes 97, 98 connected in each freewheel paths 92, 93 in the opposite forward direction to each other.

The center tap 90 of the half-bridge is connected via a connecting line 99, in which a storage inductor 101 is provided to temporarily store energy supplied by the half-bridge and, for example, to an AC voltage network 3 or a consumer, connected to an AC voltage terminal 102 of an AC voltage circuit. Between the AC voltage connection ^¬ 102 and the neutral conductor 79 a smoothing capacitor can be inserted processing 103 to filter out high-frequency voltage components. The system can also be three-phase.

Although shown in FIG. 2 inverters scarf ^¬ processing arrangement is merely exemplary in nature, it is particularly advantageous insofar as it makes it possible, even with Unzu ^¬ reaching generator voltages to produce a high efficiency alternating current or alternating voltage at the output of the inverter. 11 For this purpose, the inverter 11 can be selectively either the low intermediate circuit voltage U _ZK i + U _ZK 3 of the first intermediate circuit or insufficient voltage of the direct voltage generator 2 or the battery device 6, the boosted by the DC / DC converter voltage U _ZK 2 + U _ZK 4 of the second, higher intermediate circuit 9 use. In this case, the freewheeling current as needed at the timing of the half-bridge switch elements 82, 83 via the freewheeling paths 92, 93 and when clocking the

Switch elements 87, 88 also over the then closed

Switch elements 82, 83 flow. Then corresponding voltage strokes on the center tap 90 can be reduced and associated switching and re-magnetization losses can be reduced. For further details, the above-mentioned DE 10 2006 010 694 B4, which describes the structure and operation of the inverter circuit shown here in FIG. 2 in detail.

Advantageously, the inverter arrangement 7 shown in FIG. 2 also permits a controlled removal of the alternating current for charging the capacitors 26, 26 '. For example. can be transferred to the storage capacitor 26 of the second, high intermediate circuit 9 by clocked switching of the switching element 96 of the first freewheeling path 93 energy from the AC side via the storage inductor 101 and the switch element 87 antiparallel freewheeling diode 89. In the same way 92 energy can be transferred from the AC ^¬ side to the capacitor 26 'by switching the switch element 94 in the second free-wheeling path. This Ener ^¬ energy can then, if necessary, 18b are used in the manner described above to charge the battery units 18a.

Another embodiment of a system according to the invention for generating, using and storing energy is illustrated in FIG. 1 and 2, the illustrated in Fig. 3 exporting ^¬ approximate shape different from those of FIG. Substantially only in that here with a primary

DC generator 2 still another secondary

DC generator 104 is connected to the system 4. If, for example, the generator 2 is a photovoltaic generator, in addition or as a substitute for times of low power of the photovoltaic generator, for example, generated by Windkraftgenera ^¬ tor rectified energy or a DC voltage generator ^¬ or alternator with rectifier by an internal combustion engine, eg. A diesel ^¬ generator or a combined heat and power plant, to the ^DC link 8, 9 and the battery device 6 of the system 4 are connected. As a result, the security of supply increases or ei ^¬ ne full charge of the battery even at night or during the Winter months are possible. Hereinafter, the generator 2 will be referred to as the primary generator and the generator 104 as the secondary generator.

The secondary generator 4 is connected analogously to the generator 2 to a first and a second secondary generator terminal 106, 106 ', of which a first and a second secondary DC voltage generator branch 107, 107' lead away. A switch circuit 108 serves to selectively connect the first and second secondary generator branches to either the first and second primary generator branches 14, 14 ', respectively, or to the first and second DC input branches 22, 22', respectively.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the switch circuit has switch paths 109, 109 ', 111, 111' arranged therein

Switches 112, 112 ', 113, 113' on which the course paths öff ^¬ nen and close. A first switch path 109 with a first switch 112 is arranged between the first secondary generator branch 107 and the first primary generator branch 14. A second switch path 109 'with a second switch 112' is arranged between the second secondary generator branch 107 'and the second primary generator branch 14'. Furthermore, a third switch path 111 with a third switch 113 and a fourth switch path 111 'with a fourth switch 113' between the first and second secondary generator branch 107 and 107 'and the first and second input branch 22 and 22' are connected. Rectifier diodes 110, 110 'are in the generator branches 107 or 107' in the direction of flow between the respective generator terminal 106 or 106 'and the Verbin ^¬ dung node between the switch paths 109, 11, and 109' are arranged, 111 '.

The operation and operation of the secondary Genera ^¬ sector 104 are also by the controller 42 in Dependence of signals detected by the sensor device 41, including the voltage to the secondary generator 104 controlled. This can be used as follows:

The generator 104 may, for example, be used to charge the battery device 6. In Fig. 3, two battery units 18 a, 18 b are illustrated, which, as already explained in connection with ^¬ hang with Fig. 2, depending on the state of the switches 57, 58 of the switch assembly 56 can be loaded either in series or in parallel. Alternatively, it would also be possible to provide only a single battery unit 6 with a DC-DC converter arrangement 19 associated with it (compare FIG. 1). Hereinafter, for the sake of simplicity, only a DC-DC converter arrangement 19 and a battery unit 18 will be referred to generally.

If the voltage of the secondary generator 104 is higher than the voltage of the battery unit 18, the first and second switches 112, 112 'are closed and the switch 17, 17' bridging the protection diode 16, 16 'is opened. The current flows through the first and the second switch path 109, 109 'with the closed switches 112, 112' and the DC-DC converter arrangement 19, which works as a step-down converter, to the battery unit 18.

When the voltage of the secondary generator 104 is lower than the voltage U _{B of} the battery unit 18, the switches 112, 112 'of the first and second switch paths 109, 109' and the switches 21, 21 'of the separator 31 are opened, while the switches 38 , 38 'of the bypass paths 37, 37' and the switches 113, 113 'of the third and fourth switch paths 111, 111' are closed. The current now flows through the third and fourth switch path 111, 111 'in the low intermediate circuit 8 and is used by the DC / DC converters 28, 28' ge ^¬ exploited to the voltage of the low intermediate circuit 8 on egg ne higher voltage than the voltage of the battery unit 18 to increase. From the high intermediate circuit 9, the current via the closed switch 38, 38 'and the buck converter 19 to the battery unit 18 drain.

It can also both DC voltage generators 2 and 104 simultaneously to charge the battery unit 18 uses the ^¬. If the voltage of the primary generator 2 is lower than the voltage of the secondary generator 104, the switches 21, 21 'of the separator 31 are opened, and the switches 36, 36' of the bypass lines 34, 34 'and the switches 38, 38' of the Bypass paths 37, 37 'are closed. The current from the primary generator 2 flows through the closed switches 36, 36 'to the low intermediate circuit 8 and is from there by the DC / DC converter 28, 28' verwen ^¬ det for increasing the voltage to the potential of the secondary generator 104. The energy of the secondary generator 104 flows via the closed switches 112, 112 'of the first and second points path 109, 109' to the battery unit 18. The DC voltage ^¬ converter converter 19 takes over the MPP tracking for the secondary generator 104, while the DC / DC Converters 28, 28 'provide MPP tracking for the primary generator 2.

If the voltage at the primary generator 2 is higher than the voltage at the secondary generator 104, the

Switches 21, 21 ', the switches 36, 36' and the switches 112, 112 'open while the switches 38, 38' and the switches 113, 113 'are closed. The current now flows from the secondary generator 104 through the closed third and fourth switch path 111, 111 'into the low DC link 9 and is boosted by the DC / DC converters 28, 28' to the voltage of the primary generator 2. The energy from the pri ^¬ mary generator 2 flows through the closed switch 17 or alternatively via the diode 16 to the working as a buck converter DC-DC converter arrangement 19, the MPP- Tracking for the primary generator 2, to the battery unit 18. The MPP tracking of the secondary generator 104 is accomplished by the DC / DC converters 28, 28 '.

The secondary generator 104 may be used in a conventional manner for feeding the inverter 11 via the third and fourth switch paths 111, 111 'with then closed switches 113, 113'. In this case, the primary generator 2 with sufficient energy in the manner explained in connection with FIG. 2 in parallel charge the battery unit 18 when all the switches 21, 21 ', 36, 36', 38, 38 'of the coupling / decoupling device 29 are opened ,

Conversely, the secondary generator 104 can be on the Wei ^¬ chenpfade 109, 109 'with the closed switches 112, 112' also charge the battery unit 18, while the primary generator 2 pass means the inverter 11 via the first By- 32 fed. The switches 21, 21 ', 38, 38' are open.

The simultaneous use of the primary and secondary DC voltage generator 2, 104 for feeding is possible ^¬ limited. If the voltage of the primary generator 2 is high enough, it can be directly integrated into the second, high intermediate circuit 9 via the free-wheeling diodes 39, 39 ', which are connected in antiparallel with the switches 38, 38'. The switches 21, 21 'of the separator 31 are open. The secondary generator 104 is switched into the first, low intermediate circuit 8 via the closed switches 113, 113 'of the third and fourth switch paths 111, 111'.

If the voltage of the secondary generator 104 is higher than that of the primary generator 2, then the secondary generator 104 can be ^activated via the switches 112, 112 'of the first and second switch paths 109, 109' and to the switches 38, 38 '. parallel freewheeling diodes 39, 39 'are connected in the second, high intermediate circuit 9. The primary generator 2 is switched via the closed switches 36, 36 'of the first bypass device 32 into the first, low intermediate circuit 8. The switches 21, 21 'of the separator 31 are open in both cases.

By providing the inventive coupling / decoupling means 29 and the optional filter circuit 108 can be provided a hybrid system with different energy sources to a power system or network that allows both a generator and the Speicherbatte ^¬ rien economically be dimensioned and ensure long battery life. Even in a photovoltaic system and at night or in the winter months, it is always possible to fully charge the battery, if necessary. The system 4 according to the present invention enables a flexible, efficient and simultaneous feed and / or charge the battery unit 18 or units by a plurality of generator ^¬ ren. It is possible, through intelligent switching over the separator 31, the bypass devices 32, 33 and the switch circuit 108 to use various energy sources 2, 3, 104 for charging the battery units 18.

DC generators, such as photovoltaic generators or rectified wind energy generators can be coupled on the DC side, so that additional inverters with associated conversion losses can be avoided. If necessary, also alternators with, for example network conforming 230 V 50 Hz voltage, and cogeneration, diesel generators or more photovoltaic can taik- or wind systems with separate inverters, AC can be coupled voltage side having to use for loading the memory without additional Batte ^¬ rielader. The system 4 can be flexibly extended by one or more secondary DC voltage generators of different types. Likewise, the battery device 6 can also optionally in the advantageous embodiment of FIG. 2 with the ability to easily and quickly either a series or parallel connection of two or more battery units 18a, 18b to create realized.

Numerous modifications are possible within the scope of the invention. For example. Inverters of different configurations can be used provided that they have a low ^{DC link} as well as a high ^DC link and enable a ^net current drain. In addition, in the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, the midpoint 24 is connected to the neutral conductor 79. This is not necessary. The illustrated and other circuits may be implemented without center tap 24. This eliminates the components referred to as "second" whose reference numerals are here provided with a "'", in particular the DC link capacitors 23', 36 ', the DC / DC converter 28', the second bypass line 34 'with the switch 36', the second bypass path 37 'with the switch 38' and the diode 39 '. The DC ^link capacitors 23, 26 are connected directly to the potential of the negative pole of the generator 2 ^¬ .

There is provided a system 4 for use and storage of electrical energy by a plurality of different types of energy sources, including at least one DC voltage generator 2 and an AC voltage network 3. The system 4 has a battery device 6 for the temporary storage of energy and an inverter 11, which has a low and a high intermediate circuit 8, 9 and is also set up for the exchange of current from the grid 3 ^¬ . A coupling / decoupling device 29 is between the at least a DC voltage generator 2, the battery device 6, and the intermediate circuits 8, 9 are arranged and adapted to selectively allow for efficient and simultaneous charging of the battery ^¬ device 6 through the at least one DC voltage genes ^¬ rator 2 as well as by network current drain.

Claims

Claims:

1. A system for using and storing electrical energy of various types of energy sources with a first and a second DC voltage generator branch (14, 14 ') which are connected to a first or a second DC voltage generator connection (13, 13') for a DC voltage generator (2). are connected; a battery means (6) which is connected between the first and the second generator branch (14, 14 ') to store energy as needed, or to provide the gespeicher ^¬ te energy; a first and a second DC input branch (22, 22 ') for connection to the first and second generator branches (14, 14'), respectively; a first intermediate circuit (8) connected between the first and second input branches (22, 22 ') for temporary storage of energy; with a second intermediate circuit (9), which is arranged and arranged for the intermediate storage of energy such that its voltage can be generated by boosting the DC input voltage of the first intermediate circuit (8); an inverter (11) whose input (12) is connected to the first and second intermediate circuits (8, 9) and which is arranged to convert input side DC power into output side AC power and to convert output side AC power to input side DC power; a separator (31) for establishing and disconnecting a connection between at least the first generator branch (14) and the first input branch (22); with a first bypass device (32), which allows an optional connection between at least the first generator terminal (13) and the first input branch (22), bypassing the first generator branch (14); and with a second bypass device (33), which allows an optional connection between at least one connection (25) of the second intermediate circuit (9) and the first generator branch (14), bypassing the first input branch (22).

2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the battery device (6) has a rechargeable battery unit (18) and one of these associated DC-DC converter arrangement (19) having a combined up-wall ^¬ ler (52 a, 54 a) and down converter (48 a, 54 a) having.

3. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the battery device (6) at least a first battery device (6a) with a first battery unit (18a) and one of these associated first DC-DC converter arrangement (19a), a second battery device (6b) with a second battery unit (18b) and one of these supplied ^¬ associated second DC-DC converter assembly (19b) and a switch arrangement (56) which is arranged and attached ^¬ assigns to the first and second battery unit (18a, 18b) selectively electrically either in parallel or in series to each other and the parallel or series connection with the generator branches (14, 14 ') to connect.

4. System according to claim 3, characterized in that the switch arrangement (56) has a first switch (57), the is arranged and connected to make or break a connection between a first pole of the first battery unit (18 a) and an opposite second pole of the second battery unit (18 b), and a second switch (58) which is set up and connected to a Connection between the opposite second pole of the second battery unit (18b) and the second Genera ^¬ gate branch (14 ') produce or cancel.

5. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second intermediate circuit (9) is associated with a DC / DC converter (28, 28 ') which is adapted to the DC input voltage of the first intermediate circuit (8) in a magnitude higher potential of the second intermediate ^¬ circle (9) hochgesetzt, wherein the DC / DC converter is further optionally configured to selectively reduce the output voltage of a generator (2) to a lower absolute potential of the second intermediate circuit (9).

6. System according to claim 5, characterized in that to the DC / DC converter (28, 28 ') an up-converter part (73, 73') having an inductance (76, 76 '), whose primary side with the first or second input branch (22, 22 ') is connected in series with a freewheeling diode (77, 77') whose cathode is connected to the terminal (25, 25 ') of the second intermediate ^{circuit ¬} ses (9), and a clockable switch ( 78, 78 ') which is connected to the secondary side of the inductance (76, 76') and a neutral conductor (79), and a switch (36, 36 ') belonging to a part of the first bypass device (32). forms.

7. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inverter (11) has a one- to three-phase inverter circuit with high-frequency tact ^¬ ble electronic switch elements (82, 83, 87, 88) and Freewheeling paths (92, 93) which are designed to select ^¬ a feeding of energy from the first intermediate circuit (8) or from the second intermediate circuit (9) or a withdrawal of AC energy to charge the second Zwi ^¬ schenkreises (9) to achieve in a controlled manner.

8. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separating device (31) has a controllable switch (21, 21 ') with a passage direction from the generator branch (14, 14') to the input branch (22, 22 ') and a in series with this, arranged in the same passage direction rectifier diode (61, 61 ').

9. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first bypass device (32) at least one of the first generator terminal (13) to the first input branch (22) leading first bypass line (34), in which a controllable, preferably clockable Switch (36) is arranged in series with a rectifier diode (62) connected in the same forward direction.

10. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second bypass device (33) has at least one of the terminal (25) of the second intermediate circuit (9) to the first generator branch (14) leading first bypass path (37) in which a controllable switch (38) with an anti-parallel diode (39) is arranged.

11. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the system comprises a center tap (24) of the first and second intermediate circuit (8, 9) which is connected to a through the inverter (11) passed through neutral conductor (79).

A system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes primary generator terminals (13, 13 ') and generator branches (14, 14') for a primary DC voltage generator (2) and further at least first and second secondary generator terminals (106, 106) ') for a secondary DC voltage generator (104), a first and second secondary DC voltage generator branch (107, 107') which are each connected to the first and second secondary generator connection (106, 106 '), and a switch circuit ^¬ ( 108), which makes it possible to connect at least the first secondary branch generator (107) electrically conductive selectively to the ers ^¬ th primary generator branch (14) or to the first input branch (22).

13. System according to claim 12, characterized in that the point circuit (108) at least a first scarf ^¬ tereinheit (112) arranged in a the first secondary generator branch (107) with the first primary generator branch (14) connecting points path (109) , and has a wide ^¬ re switch unit (113), the switch path connecting a first SE ^¬ ondary generator branch (107) with the first input branch (22) (111) is arranged.

14. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a sensor device (41) for detecting operating parameters, which include at least the generator, battery and DC link voltages, and a control device (42) which controls the operation of the system in dependence on these operating parameters, wherein the control means (42) comprises a control logic, which makes it possible to carry out in response to the detected operation ^¬ parameters one of the following modes of operation: supplying AC power from either at least one (to the generator circuits 13, 13 ', 106, 106') and / or from the battery input. Direction (6), charging the battery device (6) either from at least one DC generator (2; 104) and / or by AC current consumption by the inverter (11) or a combination of such supply and charging processes.

15. System according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one DC generator (2) which is closed to the first and second generator connection (14, 14 ', 106, 106') ^¬ and selected from a group, to which a photovoltaic generator , a rectified energy generated by the wind power generator, a hydropower or wind turbine with rectifier, fuel cells and rectified generators based on internal combustion engines, especially diesel generators and combined heat and power plants include, and with an on the output side of the inverter (11) ^¬ connected AC power source ( 3) selected from the group consisting of an AC power supply network, a wind generator, a hydropower or wind turbine, and AC generators having internal combustion engines, particularly diesel generators and combined heat and power plants.