TWI750647B - Maintenance abnormality detection method and system for photovoltaic modules or module strings - Google Patents

Abstract

A maintenance abnormality detection method includes: processing an abnormal power generation procedure or a fault detection procedure on a PV module or a PV module string to generate an abnormal power generation or fault signal or a normal signal; terminating the procedure if the abnormal power generation or fault signal generated; further proceeding a determination procedure of conversion performance on the PV module or PV module string to obtain a real power conversion efficiency; and calculating the real power conversion efficiency with an initial power conversion efficiency to obtain a power conversion degradation data and a maintenance time data.

Description

Operation and maintenance abnormality testing method and system of solar module or module string

The present invention relates to a method and system for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of solar modules or PV module strings; in particular, to a method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of multifunctional solar modules or PV module strings and the same system; more particularly, a method and system for abnormal operation and maintenance of solar modules or series of modules suitable for local or remote control operations; more particularly, a method that can utilize an electrical energy A method and system for abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a string of modules performed by a power converter or an inverter.

Conventional solar module tandem power generation abnormal detection method and system or related technology, such as the invention patent of Republic of China Patent Publication No. TW-I595744 "Solar Panel Power Generation Abnormal Test Method and System", which discloses a solar panel A test method for abnormal power generation and its operating system, which mainly include a first solar panel (module string) abnormal power generation test method and a second solar panel (module string) power generation abnormal test method, but it does not include solar energy Module operation and maintenance exception test.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic flowchart of a conventional method for testing abnormal power generation of solar panels in Patent Publication No. TW-I595744 of the Republic of China. Referring to FIG. 1, the first method for testing abnormal power generation of a solar panel in the aforementioned No. TW-I595744 includes: using a power converter to directly control a solar cell module to operate at several predetermined voltage points, and using the data a scheduled call Obtaining a plurality of measurement currents through pressure point measurement; calculating a plurality of first power data by using the plurality of predetermined voltage points and the plurality of measurement currents; and comparing the plurality of first power data with a first power generation characteristic curve Yes, to test whether the solar cell module has abnormal power generation, but it does not include the abnormal module operation and maintenance test.

FIG. 1A shows a schematic diagram of a conventional solar panel power generation abnormality test method of the Republic of China Patent Publication No. TW-I595744 performing a power generation abnormality test operation, which corresponds to the solar panel power generation abnormality test method of FIG. 1 . Please refer to Figures 1 and 1A. The conventional solar panel power generation abnormal test method selects several predetermined voltage points to perform the voltage step-down or step-up control test operation, but it does not consider the abnormal operation and maintenance test of the module, such as the shadow of leaves. .

FIG. 2 shows a schematic flow chart of another conventional method for testing abnormal power generation of solar panels in Patent Publication No. TW-I595744 of the Republic of China, which corresponds to the method for testing abnormal power generation of solar panels in FIG. 1 . Please refer to FIG. 2 , the method for testing the abnormal power generation of the second solar panel in the aforementioned No. TW-I595744 includes: using the power converter to directly control the solar cell module to operate at several predetermined current points, and using the data Several predetermined current points are measured to obtain several measurement voltages; several second power data are calculated using the several predetermined current points and several measurement voltages; and several second power data and a second power generation characteristic curve are used A comparison is made to test whether the solar cell module is abnormal in power generation, but it also does not include abnormal module operation and maintenance tests.

However, both the first and second solar panel abnormality testing methods in the aforementioned No. TW-I595744 must calculate the first power and the second power, and need to calculate a large number of the first power data or several of the second power data, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, but there is still a need to provide a simplified solar panel power generation characteristic or its curve anomaly testing method and system, so as to provide suitable for preliminary or advanced anomalies. test job.

Another conventional solar module tandem power generation abnormal detection method and system or related technologies thereof, such as: Chinese Patent Publication No. CN-1808164 "Power Conditioner with Built-in Curve Tracer and Tracer The invention patent application of "The Curve Evaluation Method", which discloses a power conditioner with a built-in curve tracer, but it also does not include the abnormal test of the operation and maintenance of the solar module.

FIG. 3 discloses a block diagram of a conventional solar power generation system combined with a power conditioner with a built-in curve tracer in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN-1808164. FIG. 4 discloses a block diagram of a conventional curve tracer in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN-1808164, which corresponds to the curve tracer in FIG. 3 .

Please refer to Figures 3 and 4, the power conditioner of the aforementioned CN-1808164 has a curve drawing device, and the curve drawing device measures the DC voltage (VX) of an external DC power supply of a solar cell or a fuel cell and a corresponding DC current (IX), and calculate the DC power (PX) according to the curve of the DC current (IX) and DC voltage (VX) or the measured DC current (IX) and DC voltage (VX) ) in order to draw a DC power (PX)-DC voltage (VX) curve.

However, the curve drawing device of the aforementioned CN-1808164 must detect the DC voltage (VX) of the solar cell or the fuel cell and the corresponding DC current (IX) respectively, and determine the DC voltage (VX) and its phase according to the DC voltage (VX) and the corresponding DC current (IX). The corresponding direct current (IX) is used to calculate the direct current power (PX), so it has the disadvantages of complicated detection procedures and an increase in the amount of calculated power data.

Another conventional solar module tandem power generation abnormality detection method and system or related technologies, such as the invention patent of the Republic of China Patent Publication No. TW-I630790 "Solar Power Generation System and Solar Module Power Generation Abnormal Detection Method", which A solar power generation system and a method for detecting abnormal power generation of a solar module are disclosed. The detection method comprises the steps of: A. Input an audio signal to the solar module string through an inverter that is electrically connected to a solar module string A power loop; B. A coupled receiver is used to sense and receive the audio signal transmitted in the power loop, and the coupled receiver is displaced along the power loop; A prompt message is output corresponding to the sensing result of the frequency signal, and the human body can perceive the prompt message.

Continuing from the above, according to the design of the abnormal power generation detection method of the solar module in the aforementioned No. TW-I630790, according to the content of the prompt message output by the coupling receiver, it can be immediately determined whether the coupling receiver has passed the open circuit fault of the power circuit It can quickly detect and find the position of the open circuit fault point of the solar module series.

However, the above-mentioned method for detecting abnormal power generation of the solar module in No. TW-I630790 is only suitable for detecting and finding the open-circuit fault point of the solar module series by judging whether the coupling receiver passes the open-circuit fault point of the power circuit. However, it cannot provide a simplified solar module power generation characteristic curve abnormal test method and system, which is suitable for preliminary or advanced abnormal test operations, and it also does not include solar module operation and maintenance abnormal test.

Another conventional solar module tandem power generation abnormality detection method and system or related technology, such as the invention patent of the Republic of China Patent Publication No. TW-I499887 "Solar Power Generation System and Its Abnormal Detection Method", which discloses a solar power generation The system and its anomaly detection method. The solar power generation system includes a maximum power tracking controller and an array of solar power generation units. The abnormality detection method of the solar power generation system includes: a standard duty cycle value establishment stage and a power supply stage.

Continuing from the above, the abnormality detection method of the solar power generation system in the aforementioned No. TW-I499887, in the standard duty cycle value establishment stage, firstly checks the solar power generation unit to ensure whether the solar power generation unit is generating electricity normally. Then, the maximum power tracking controller is used to output a control signal to the solar power generation unit, so that the solar power generation system outputs a maximum power, and a standard duty cycle range of the solar power generation unit is calculated.

Continuing from the above, the aforementioned solar power generation of No. TW-I499887 The abnormality detection method of the system is also in the power supply stage. It is determined from time to time whether the responsibility period value of the solar power generation unit is within the corresponding standard responsibility period range, so as to determine whether the solar power generation unit has abnormal power generation, but It does not include abnormal solar module operation and maintenance tests.

However, the abnormality detection method of the solar power generation system in the aforementioned No. TW-I499887 is only applicable to judge whether the duty cycle value of the solar power generation unit is within the corresponding standard duty in the power supply stage when it has been integrated into the power grid. However, it cannot provide a simplified solar module power generation characteristic curve abnormal test method and its system, so as to be suitable for preliminary or advanced abnormal test operations.

Another conventional solar module tandem power generation abnormal detection method and system or related technology, such as: US Patent Publication No. US-20160019323 "Solar Power Generation System, Abnormality Determination Processing Device, Abnormality Determination Processing Method, and Program" The patent application, which discloses a solar module power generation abnormality detection system. A solar power generation system includes a solar power generation module, a power measurement unit, an inverter, an abnormality determination unit, and a power abnormality detection unit. power measurement unit.

However, the solar module power generation abnormality detection system of the aforementioned US-20160019323 must use the solar illuminance meter and the power generation abnormality detection unit, and the power generation abnormality detection unit is connected to the power measurement unit in order to read the power generation abnormality detection unit. Power data of the power measuring unit. Therefore, the solar module power generation abnormality detection system and the method thereof have the disadvantages of complicated system structure and complex detection operations, and also do not include the solar module operation and maintenance abnormality test.

In fact, the solar module power generation abnormality detection system of the aforementioned US-20160019323 is only suitable for operating the solar module that has been integrated into the power grid. The solar illuminance meter, power generation abnormality detection unit and power measurement unit, but they cannot provide a simplified method and system for testing abnormality of the power generation characteristic curve of a solar module, so as to be suitable for preliminary or advanced abnormality testing operations.

Another conventional method for detecting abnormality of solar module tandem power generation that has been integrated into the power grid and its system or related technologies, such as: US Patent Publication No. US-20130300449 "Solar Power Generation System, Abnormality Detection Method, and Abnormality Detection" System" patent application, which discloses another solar module power generation abnormality detection system. The solar module power generation abnormality detection system is connected to a solar battery, and the solar battery includes a current detection unit and a voltage detection unit. The solar module power generation abnormality detection system includes a characteristic calculation unit, an abnormality detection unit and an environment measurement unit.

However, the solar module panel power generation abnormality detection system of the aforementioned US-20130300449 must use the current detection unit, the voltage detection unit, the characteristic calculation unit, the abnormality detection unit and the environment measurement unit, and the current detection unit The measuring unit and the voltage detecting unit are connected to the solar cell so as to read the current and voltage data of the solar cell. Therefore, the solar module power generation abnormality detection system and the method thereof have the disadvantage that the system structure and the detection operation are complicated.

In fact, the abnormality detection method of the solar power generation system in the aforementioned US-20130300449 is only applicable to the operation of the current detection unit, voltage detection unit, characteristic calculation unit, abnormality detection unit and environmental measurement unit that has been connected to the power grid However, it cannot provide a simplified solar module power generation characteristic curve abnormal test method and system, so as to be suitable for preliminary or advanced abnormal test operations, and it also does not include solar module operation and maintenance abnormal test.

Obviously, the conventional solar module power generation abnormal detection method and its The system must have further requirements on how to combine its power generation abnormality detection system and its method with other operation and maintenance abnormality testing methods and systems of solar modules. The aforementioned patents and patent applications are only for reference of the technical background of the present invention and to illustrate the current state of technological development, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Another conventional method and system for judging cleaning time of solar modules in series, or related technologies, such as: Republic of China Patent Publication No. TW-I580174 "Method for judging cleaning time of solar modules and a solar module system using the method. ", which corresponds to the invention patent application of Chinese Patent Publication No. CN-106982029 "Method for Determining Solar Module Cleaning Time Point and Solar Module System", which corresponds to PCT Patent Publication No. WO-2017/120883 "Determining Solar Module Cleaning Time Point" The invention patent application of "Method and system for determining time point to clean solar cell module and solar cell module by using the same" in US Patent Publication No. US-20170194906 Invention patent application, which discloses a method for judging cleaning time of solar modules.

Continuing from the above, the method for judging the cleaning time of the solar module in the aforementioned No. TW-I580174 includes: the step of calculating the power loss of a solar module in an interval caused by the accumulation of dust; the step of converting a power loss cost, which is The calculated power loss in this interval caused by the accumulation of falling dust is converted into a cost; the step of calculating a total power loss cost, the total power loss cost when the cost of power generation is equal to the cleaning cost is calculated through the cost of power loss in the interval ; and the step of judging a cleaning time point, which determines the cleaning time point by the total power loss cost.

Continuing from the above, the step of calculating the interval power loss of the solar module due to the accumulation of dust in the aforementioned No. TW-I580174 is used to determine a time interval, and several samples are taken within the time interval to obtain several samples point; the power loss in this interval is obtained by obtaining the time interval A relationship between the time and power loss of all the sampling points is a straight line, and the calculation is performed using the relationship straight line and the loss power of a start sampling point of the time interval and the loss power of an end sampling point of the time interval.

However, the method for judging the cleaning time of the solar module in the aforementioned No. TW-I580174 only uses the power loss in the interval to obtain a straight line relationship between the time and the power loss of all the sampling points in the time interval, and it only Considering the power loss of the solar module in the interval caused by the accumulation of dust, it does not consider whether the solar module is abnormally generated or has a module failure.

Obviously, the conventional method for judging the cleaning time of solar modules and the system thereof must be further combined with the system for detecting abnormality of power generation or detecting module failure and the method thereof. The aforementioned patents and patent applications are only for reference of the technical background of the present invention and to illustrate the current state of technological development, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

In view of this, in order to meet the above-mentioned technical problems and demands, the present invention provides a method and system for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a series of modules, which connect a solar cell module or a solar cell module in series Carry out a power generation abnormality or fault test operation to obtain a power generation abnormality or fault signal or a normal power generation signal. If the power generation normal signal is generated, the solar cell module or the series of solar cell modules is further subjected to a conversion performance test operation to obtain an actual conversion performance, and use an initial conversion performance to calculate the actual conversion performance, so as to accurately obtain a reduced conversion performance data and an operation and maintenance time data, so compared with the conventional solar module power generation abnormality detection or cleaning time The judgment system and the method can provide the purpose of combining multiple power generation abnormal test operations with operation and maintenance abnormal test operations, so as to avoid improper and direct subsequent conversion performance.

The main purpose of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method and system for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a series of modules, which can A solar cell module or a series of solar cell modules performs a power generation abnormality or fault test operation to obtain a power generation abnormality or fault signal or a power generation normal signal. If the power generation normal signal is generated, the solar cell module Or the solar cell module string further performs a conversion performance detection operation to obtain an actual conversion performance, and uses an initial conversion performance to calculate the actual conversion performance, so as to accurately obtain a reduced conversion performance data and an operation and maintenance time data, so as to Achieve the purpose and effect of multiple power generation abnormal test operations combined with operation and maintenance abnormal test operations.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a series of modules according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes:

Perform a power generation abnormality or fault test operation on a solar cell module or a series of solar cell modules to obtain a power generation abnormality or fault signal or a power generation normal signal;

If the abnormal power generation or fault signal is generated, the subsequent operation will be interrupted;

If the normal power generation signal is generated, the solar cell module or the series of solar cell modules is further subjected to a conversion performance detection operation to obtain an actual conversion performance; and

The actual conversion performance is calculated by using an initial conversion performance, so as to accurately obtain a reduction conversion performance data and an operation and maintenance time data.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a series of modules according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes:

Perform a power generation abnormality or fault test operation on a solar cell module or a series of solar cell modules to obtain a power generation abnormality or fault signal or a power generation normal signal;

If the abnormal power generation or fault signal is generated, the subsequent operation will be interrupted;

If the power generation normal signal is generated, the solar cell module or the solar cell module series is operated in a maximum power tracking mode;

further performing a conversion performance detection operation on the solar cell module or the solar cell module string to obtain an actual conversion performance; and

The actual conversion performance is calculated by using an initial conversion performance, so as to accurately obtain a reduction conversion performance data and an operation and maintenance time data.

The conversion efficiency reduction data of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is used to calculate a reduction in power generation efficiency.

The conversion efficiency reduction data of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is used to combine the calculation of a reduced power generation benefit amount, a module maintenance cost, a module cleaning cost, a module special material removal cost, a module cleaning cost, or the like. random combination.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the operation and maintenance time data includes a delayed operation and maintenance time data or an advanced operation and maintenance time data.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the operation and maintenance time data includes a clearing time, an exclusion or sorting time, or any combination thereof.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the system for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a series of modules according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes:

at least one solar cell module or at least one solar cell module string;

at least one power converter or an inverter connected to the solar cell module or string of solar cell modules; and

A test unit that is selectively configured to be connected to the power converter or converter, or the test unit is selected to be connected directly to the power converter or converter, or the test unit is selectively configured to be connected to a proximal device or a a remote device, and the proximal device or the remote device is connected and communicated with the power converter or converter;

The solar cell module or the solar cell module series is subjected to a power generation abnormality or failure test operation to obtain a power generation abnormality or failure signal (warning signal) or a power generation normal signal. If the power generation normal signal is generated, the The solar cell module or the string of solar cell modules further performs a conversion efficiency detection operation to obtain an actual conversion efficiency, and uses an initial conversion efficiency to calculate the actual conversion efficiency, so as to accurately obtain the Obtain a reduction in conversion performance data and an operation and maintenance time data.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the system for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a series of modules according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes:

at least one solar cell module or at least one solar cell module string;

at least one power converter or an inverter connected to the solar cell module or string of solar cell modules; and

A test unit that is selectively configured to be connected to the power converter or converter, or the test unit is selected to be connected directly to the power converter or converter, or the test unit is selectively configured to be connected to a proximal device or a a remote device, and the proximal device or the remote device is connected and communicated with the power converter or converter;

The solar cell module or the solar cell module series is subjected to a power generation abnormality or failure test operation to obtain a power generation abnormality or failure signal (warning signal) or a power generation normal signal. If the power generation normal signal is generated, the The solar cell module or the string of solar cell modules operates in a maximum power tracking mode, and the solar cell module or the string of solar cell modules is further subjected to a conversion performance detection operation to obtain an actual conversion performance, and The actual conversion performance is calculated by using an initial conversion performance, so as to accurately obtain a reduction conversion performance data and an operation and maintenance time data.

The conversion efficiency reduction data of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is used to calculate a reduction in power generation efficiency.

The conversion efficiency reduction data of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is used to combine the calculation of a reduced power generation benefit amount, a module maintenance cost, a module cleaning cost, a module special material removal cost, a module cleaning cost, or the like. random combination.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the operation and maintenance time data includes a delayed operation and maintenance time data or an advanced operation and maintenance time data.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the operation and maintenance time data includes a clearing time, an exclusion or sorting time, or any combination thereof.

Another object of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method and system for testing abnormal power generation of a solar module or a string of modules, which utilizes a power converter or a converter to directly control a solar cell module or a solar cell module. The solar cell modules are operated in series at several predetermined voltage points; the several predetermined voltage points are used to measure the current to obtain several measurement currents; the several predetermined voltage points and several measurement currents are combined with a The first power generation characteristic abnormal test model is compared to test whether the solar cell module or the series of solar cell modules is abnormal in power generation, and it is not necessary to calculate the power of the predetermined voltage points and the measured currents, In order to achieve the purpose and effect of simplifying power generation abnormality testing procedures, improving power generation abnormality testing performance and reducing power generation abnormality testing costs.

Another object of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method and system for testing abnormal power generation of a solar module or a string of modules, which utilizes a power converter or a converter to directly control the solar cell module or a system. The solar cell modules are connected in series to operate at several predetermined current points; the several predetermined current points are used to measure the current to obtain several measurement voltages; the several predetermined current points and several measurement voltages are combined with a The second test model for abnormal power generation characteristics is compared, and it is not necessary to calculate the power of the predetermined current points and the measured voltages to test whether the solar cell module or the series of solar cell modules is abnormal in power generation, In order to achieve the purpose and effect of simplifying power generation abnormality testing procedures, improving power generation abnormality testing performance and reducing power generation abnormality testing costs.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the method for testing abnormal power generation of a solar module or a series of modules according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes:

Utilize a power converter or a converter to directly control a solar cell module or a series of solar cell modules to operate at several predetermined voltage points;

Using the predetermined voltage points to measure currents to obtain a plurality of measurement currents; and

The predetermined voltage points and the measured currents are compared with a first abnormal power generation characteristic test model to test whether the solar cell module or the series of solar cell modules is abnormal in power generation, and it is not necessary to calculate the number of A number of predetermined voltage points and several powers of several measurement currents.

The first abnormality test model of the power generation characteristic according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a voltage variation parameter and a current variation parameter.

The first power generation characteristic abnormality test model of the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes several power generation abnormal states.

The power generation abnormal states of the first power generation abnormality test model of the preferred embodiment of the present invention include a step, a low current, a low voltage, a bend, a shallow slope in a vertical region, a deep slope in a horizontal region, or the like. random combination.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first test model for abnormality of power generation characteristics is selected from a test model for abnormality of power generation characteristics of a single solar module string or a test model for abnormality of power generation characteristics of a series of total solar modules.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the method for testing abnormal power generation of a solar module or a series of modules according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes:

Utilize the power converter or converter to directly control a solar cell module or a series of solar cell modules to operate at a plurality of predetermined current points;

Using the predetermined current points to measure current to obtain a plurality of measurement voltages; and

The predetermined current points and the measured voltages are compared with a second abnormal power generation characteristic test model to test whether the solar cell module or the series of solar cell modules is abnormal in power generation, and it is not necessary to calculate the number of A number of powers of a predetermined current point and a number of measurement voltages.

The second power generation characteristic abnormality test according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention The test model includes a voltage variation parameter and a current variation parameter.

The second power generation characteristic abnormality test model of the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes several power generation abnormality states.

The power generation abnormal states of the second power generation abnormality test model according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention include a step, a low current, a low voltage, a bent knee, a shallow slope in a vertical region, a deep slope in a horizontal region, or the like. random combination.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second abnormal power generation characteristic test model is selected from a single solar module string power generation characteristic abnormal test model or a total solar module string power generation characteristic abnormal test model.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the power generation abnormality testing system for a solar module or a module string according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes:

at least one solar cell module or at least one solar cell module string;

at least one power converter or an inverter connected to the solar cell module or string of solar cell modules; and

A test unit that is selectively configured to be connected to the power converter or converter, or the test unit is selected to be connected directly to the power converter or converter, or the test unit is selectively configured to be connected to a proximal device or a a remote device, and the proximal device or the remote device is connected and communicated with the power converter or converter;

In the voltage control mode, the solar cell module or the string of solar cell modules is directly controlled by operating the power converter or converter through the test system, and it operates at several predetermined voltage points, and utilizes the several Measuring the current at a predetermined voltage point to obtain a number of measurement currents, and using the predetermined voltage points and the measurement currents to compare with a first abnormal power generation characteristic test model to test the solar cell module Or whether the solar cell module string generates abnormally, and it is not necessary to calculate the power of the predetermined voltage points and the measured currents.

The first abnormality test model of the power generation characteristic according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a voltage variation parameter and a current variation parameter.

The first power generation characteristic abnormality test model of the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes several power generation abnormal states.

The power generation abnormal states of the first power generation abnormality test model of the preferred embodiment of the present invention include a step, a low current, a low voltage, a bend, a shallow slope in a vertical region, a deep slope in a horizontal region, or the like. random combination.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first test model for abnormality of power generation characteristics is selected from a test model for abnormality of power generation characteristics of a single solar module string or a test model for abnormality of power generation characteristics of a series of total solar modules.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the power generation abnormality testing system for a solar module or a module string according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes:

at least one solar cell module or at least one solar cell module string;

at least one power converter or an inverter connected to the solar cell module or string of solar cell modules; and

A test unit that is selectively configured to be connected to the power converter or converter, or the test unit is selected to be connected directly to the power converter or converter, or the test unit is selectively configured to be connected to a proximal device or a a remote device, and the proximal device or the remote device is connected and communicated with the power converter or converter;

In the current control mode, the solar cell module or the solar cell module string is directly controlled by operating the power converter or converter through the test system, and it operates at several predetermined current points, and utilizes the several Measuring current at a predetermined current point to obtain a number of measurement voltages, and using the predetermined current points and a number of measurement voltages to compare with a second abnormal power generation characteristic test model to test the solar cell module Or whether the solar cell module string generates abnormally, and it is not necessary to calculate the predetermined currents points and several powers of several measuring voltages.

The second abnormality test model of the power generation characteristic of the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a voltage variation parameter and a current variation parameter.

The second power generation characteristic abnormality test model of the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes several power generation abnormality states.

The power generation abnormal states of the first power generation abnormality test model of the preferred embodiment of the present invention include a step, a low current, a low voltage, a bend, a shallow slope in a vertical region, a deep slope in a horizontal region, or the like. random combination.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second abnormal power generation characteristic test model is selected from a single solar module string power generation characteristic abnormal test model or a total solar module string power generation characteristic abnormal test model.

1: Solar cell module

10: Solar cell unit

11: Bypass Diode

2: Power converter

2a: Test Unit

20: Inverter

21: DC-DC boost power converter

22: Transmission module

30: Test model for abnormal power generation characteristics

31: Conversion efficiency detection model

32: Operation and maintenance time evaluation module

4: Test System

40: Operation panel

5: Cloud server

50: Remote Test System

Figure 1: The flow chart of the conventional solar panel power generation abnormal test method in Patent Publication No. TW-I595744 of the Republic of China.

Figure 1A: The schematic diagram of the abnormal power generation test operation performed by the conventional solar panel power generation abnormal test method of the Republic of China Patent Publication No. TW-I595744.

Figure 2: A schematic flowchart of another conventional method for testing abnormal power generation of solar panels in Patent Publication No. TW-I595744 of the Republic of China.

Figure 3: A block diagram of a conventional solar power generation system combined with a power conditioner with a built-in curve tracer in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN-1808164.

Figure 4: The block diagram of the conventional curve tracer in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN-1808164.

Fig. 5: A schematic diagram of the structure of the solar cell module used in the operation and maintenance abnormality test system of the solar module or the module string according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5A: A solar module or module string according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention The operation and maintenance abnormal test system is a schematic diagram of the conversion efficiency, rainfall and time relationship between the cleaning of the solar cell module and the rain state.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the abnormal operation and maintenance testing system of the solar module or the module string according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6A is a schematic flow chart of a method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a string of modules according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6B : a schematic flowchart of a method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a string of modules according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of various abnormal states of power generation using a power generation characteristic abnormal test model for the operation and maintenance abnormality test system of the solar module or module string according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method for testing abnormal power generation or failure of a solar panel in a solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormality testing system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a method for testing abnormal power generation or failure of another solar module or module string in the solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormal test system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10: A schematic flowchart of a method for testing abnormal power generation or failure of another solar module or module string in the solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormal test system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the operation and maintenance time calculation method adopted by the operation and maintenance time evaluation module of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormality testing system according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormality testing system according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention.

In order to fully understand the present invention, preferred embodiments will be exemplified below and described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention.

The method and system for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of solar modules or series of modules according to the preferred embodiments of the present invention are applicable to various types of solar cell modules (solar modules in series or in parallel), including substrate type solar cells or thin film type solar cells. A solar cell module or string of modules, and it is also suitable for a variety of solar cell module materials, including monocrystalline silicon solar cells, polycrystalline silicon solar cells, or amorphous silicon solar cells battery, but it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

For example, the solar module or module string (solar modules in series or parallel) operation and maintenance abnormality testing method and system of the preferred embodiment of the present invention use the technical term "operation and maintenance abnormality test", which includes dust deposition and shielding. or foreign object shielding (for example, branch shielding or other shielding objects), etc., but it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

For example, the solar module or module string (solar modules in series or parallel) operation and maintenance abnormality testing method and system thereof according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention use an "operation and maintenance time evaluation module" and "operation and maintenance parameters" The technical terms include power generation benefit amount parameter, module maintenance cost parameter, module cleaning cost parameter, module special material removal cost parameter or module cleaning cost parameter, but it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

For example, the operation and maintenance abnormality test of the solar module or module string (solar module series or parallel connection) of the preferred embodiment of the present invention adopts the technical term "IV curve abnormality test model", which is defined as including a step. ] or notch, low current, low voltage, rounder knee, shallower slope in vertical leg, steeper slope in horizontal leg] or other abnormal characteristics of power generation, but it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

FIG. 5 shows that the solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormal test system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention adopts the structure of the solar cell module Schematic. Referring to FIG. 5 , a solar cell module 1 includes a plurality of solar cell units 10 and a plurality of bypass diodes 11 .

Please refer to FIG. 5 again. For example, when the ambient temperature is fixed and there is no shielding, and when the solar cell module 1 can generate electricity normally, the solar cell module 1 can generate different electricity according to different solar illuminances. The output current-voltage curve [IV curve], so its output can produce different power-voltage curves [PV curve]. Similarly, when the solar illuminance is fixed and unshaded, and when the solar cell module 1 can generate electricity normally, the solar cell module 1 can also generate different output voltage-current curves according to different ambient temperatures. The output can also generate different voltage-power curves.

Referring to FIG. 5 again, the solar cell module 1 is electrically connected to a power converter (eg, a full-bridge power converter) 2, and a test unit 2a (or a test system) is selectively connected to the The power converter 2 is shown in the lower left of FIG. 5 , and the power converter 2 is a PV inverter, so as to convert and output the power generated by the solar cell module 1 . For example, when the power converter 2 is running, a maximum power tracking (MPPT) operation is usually performed appropriately according to the change of the solar illuminance. In this way, the output voltage or output current of the solar cell module 1 is selectively controlled under different solar illuminances, so as to be controlled at its maximum power operating point.

Please refer to FIG. 5 again, another preferred embodiment of the present invention selects and configures the test unit 2a (or test system) to be connected to a near-end device (or other test system), a mobile communication device (mobile communication device) ], a portable device (portable device) or other devices with similar functions, and the near-end device, mobile communication device or portable device is connected and communicated with the power converter 2 or the converter.

FIG. 5A shows that the operation and maintenance abnormality test system of the solar module or module string according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is cleaning the solar cell module junction. Schematic diagram of the relationship between conversion efficiency, rainfall and time (date) of combined rain state. Referring to Figures 5 and 5A, the solar cell module 1 is used in the operation and maintenance abnormality test system of the solar module or module string according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the solar cell module 1 is used to calculate A reduction in power generation efficiency, and one-day accumulation calculation method, a triangle area calculation method or other calculation methods can be selected for calculating the reduction in power generation efficiency.

FIG. 6 discloses a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormality testing system according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Figures 5 and 6, the operation and maintenance abnormality testing system for a solar module or module string according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes a power generation characteristic abnormality test model 30 [on the right side of Figure 6], A conversion performance detection model 31 [the upper right side of Fig. 6] and a test system 4 [the upper right side of Fig. 6], which can be appropriately selected to communicate with each other.

Please refer to FIGS. 5 and 6 again. For example, the test system 4 is electrically connected to a plurality of converters 20 (such as the power converter 2 in FIG. 5 ), so as to pass through the converters 20 A control test of the power generation of several of the solar cell modules 1 is performed. At this time, the converter 20 or the power converter 2 stops executing the maximum power tracking operation for a predetermined time in advance. The solar cell module 1 is a single solar cell module, a string of solar cell modules or several strings of solar cell modules, and the power converter 2 is a series-connected module converter or similar converter functional equipment.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6 again, a plurality of the solar cell modules 1 are connected to a commercial power system through a plurality of the converters 20 , as shown on the right side of FIG. 6 . When the plurality of solar cell modules 1 are controlled and tested through the plurality of converters 20 , the test power generated by the plurality of solar cell modules 1 is still recovered and output to the commercial power system, so as to improve the utilization rate of power generation. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the testing system 4 of the abnormal operation and maintenance testing system for solar modules or module strings is selected to be integrated and integrated on the converter 20 , that is, the converter 20 has a power generator. Abnormal test function and other functions (Example Such as: maximum power tracking function] or an operation and maintenance abnormal test function to provide multiple operation functions.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6 again, the test system 4 of the abnormal operation and maintenance test system for a solar module or a module string according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention is selected to be separately arranged on the converter 20 , and A single test system 4 is separately disposed in a test device (eg, a proximal device), and the test device includes an operation panel 40 for on-site personnel to operate and set the test system 4 . The test system 4 of the solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormality test system of another preferred embodiment of the present invention is connected to a single or a plurality of the inverters 20 , and the operation panel 40 can be used to perform operation settings The test system 4.

FIG. 6A shows a schematic flowchart of a method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a string of modules according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Figures 5, 6 and 6A, the method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a string of modules according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S10: For example, first, use appropriate technical means [such as: Automatic (automatically), semi-automatically (semi-automatically) or manual (manually) method] can choose to use the power converter 2 or the converter 20 to perform a power generation abnormality or fault test operation on the solar cell module 1, so as to obtain a Abnormal power generation or failure signal or a normal power generation signal.

Referring to Figures 5, 6 and 6A again, the method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a module string according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S20: for example, if the solar cell module When the abnormal power generation or fault test operation of 1 generates the abnormal power generation or fault signal by appropriate technical means (for example: automatic, semi-automatic or manual method), the subsequent operation of the solar cell module 1 can be selected to be interrupted or terminated in order to eliminate the abnormality or fault state.

Please refer to Figures 5, 5A, 6 and 6A again, the method for testing the abnormal operation and maintenance of the solar module or module string according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention Including step S30 : for example, then, if the power generation abnormality or failure test operation of the solar cell module 1 generates the power generation normal signal by appropriate technical means (for example: automatic, semi-automatic or manual mode), use the conversion performance detection The model 31 further performs a conversion efficiency detection operation on the solar cell module 1 to obtain an actual conversion efficiency or related data.

Referring again to Figures 5, 6 and 6A, the method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a module string according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S40: for example, then, using appropriate technical means (such as : automatic, semi-automatic or manual method] using an initial conversion efficiency to calculate the actual conversion efficiency of the solar cell module 1, so as to accurately obtain a reduction conversion efficiency data and an operation and maintenance time data or related data data.

For example, the reduced conversion performance data is used to combine the calculation of a reduced power generation benefit amount, a module maintenance cost, a module cleaning cost, a module special material removal cost, a module cleaning cost, or any combination thereof. The operation and maintenance time data includes a clearing time, an exclusion or sorting time, or any combination thereof.

FIG. 6B shows a schematic flowchart of a method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a string of modules according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Figures 5, 6 and 6B, the method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a string of modules according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S10: For example, first, use appropriate technical means [such as: Automatic, semi-automatic or manual] can choose to use the power converter 2 or the converter 20 to perform a power generation abnormality or fault test operation on the solar cell module 1 to obtain a power generation abnormality or fault signal or a power generation normal signal.

Referring again to Figures 5, 6 and 6B, the method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a module string according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S20: for example, then, if the solar cell The abnormal power generation or failure test of module 1 shall be tested by appropriate technical means (for example: automatic, Semi-automatic or manual method] When the abnormal power generation or fault signal is generated, the subsequent operation of the solar cell module 1 can be selected to be interrupted or terminated, so as to eliminate the abnormal or fault state.

Referring again to Figures 5, 6 and 6B, the method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a module string according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S31: for example, if the solar cell When the abnormal power generation or fault test operation of the module 1 generates the normal power generation signal (or does not generate a warning signal) by appropriate technical means (for example: automatic, semi-automatic or manual method), the power converter 2 or the converter can be selected. The controller 20 operates the solar cell module 1 in a maximum power tracking mode or a mode with similar functions.

Referring again to Figures 5, 5A, 6 and 6B, the method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a module string according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S32: The technical means (eg: automatic, semi-automatic or manual method) utilizes the conversion efficiency detection model 31 to further perform a conversion efficiency detection operation on the solar cell module 1 to obtain an actual conversion efficiency or its related data.

Referring again to Figures 5, 6 and 6B, the method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a module string according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S40: for example, then, using appropriate technical means [For example: automatic, semi-automatic or manual method] use an initial conversion efficiency (as shown in Figure 11A) to calculate the actual conversion efficiency of the solar cell module 1, so as to accurately obtain a reduction in conversion efficiency data and an operation and maintenance time data or its related data.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of various abnormal states of power generation using a power generation characteristic abnormal test model for the operation and maintenance abnormality test system of the solar module or module string according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Please refer to FIG. 7 , various abnormal states of power generation using the I-V curve abnormal test model for the solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormal test system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention include: A. Steps or depressions (shown by the curved dotted line in the middle of Figure 7); B. Low current (shown by the dotted arrow at the upper left of Figure 7); C. Low voltage (shown by the dotted arrow at the lower right of Figure 7) ; D, bent knee (shown by the dotted line on the upper right of Figure 7); E, shallow slope in the vertical region (shown by the dotted line on the right in Figure 7); F, deep slope in the horizontal region (shown by the dotted line at the top of Figure 7) ] or other abnormal state models.

FIG. 8 discloses a schematic flow chart of a method for testing abnormal power generation or failure of a solar module or a string of modules by the system for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a string of modules according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8, the method for testing abnormal power generation or failure of a solar module or module string according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S1A: , In a semi-automatic or manual manner, the power converter 2 or the converter 20 is used to directly control the solar cell module 1 to operate at several predetermined voltage points, so that the solar cell module 1 can generate electricity.

Referring again to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8, the method for testing abnormal power generation or failure of a solar module or a string of modules according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S2A: for example, then, using an appropriate technique The means (eg: automatic, semi-automatic or manual method) use the predetermined voltage points to measure the current, so as to obtain a corresponding number of measurement currents.

Referring again to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8, the method for testing abnormal power generation or failure of a solar module or a string of modules according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S3A: for example, then, using an appropriate technique The means (for example: automatic, semi-automatic or manual method) uses the predetermined voltage points and the measured currents to compare with a first power generation characteristic abnormality test model to test whether the solar cell module 1 generates abnormal power, and There is no need to calculate the powers of the predetermined voltage points and the measured currents.

FIG. 9 discloses the abnormal operation and maintenance test system of a solar module or module string according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention using another solar module or module string for abnormal power generation or failure Test Methods The schematic flow chart of FIG. 8 corresponds to the abnormal power generation or failure test method of the solar module or module string shown in FIG. 8 . Referring to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 9, the method for testing abnormal power generation or failure of a solar module or module string according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S1B: Technical means (eg: automatic, semi-automatic or manual) utilize the power converter 2 or converter 20 to directly control the solar cell module 1 to operate at several predetermined current points, so that the solar cell module 1 can generate electricity.

Referring to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 9, the method for testing abnormal power generation or failure of a solar module or module string according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S2B: The technical means (for example: automatic, semi-automatic or manual method) use the predetermined current points to measure the current, so as to obtain the corresponding measured voltages.

Referring again to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 9, the method for testing abnormal power generation or failure of a solar module or a string of modules according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S3B: for example, then, using Appropriate technical means (for example: automatic, semi-automatic or manual method) use the predetermined current points and the measured voltages to compare with a second abnormal power generation characteristic test model to test whether the solar cell module 1 is abnormal in power generation , and there is no need to calculate the powers of the predetermined current points and the measured voltages.

FIG. 10 discloses a schematic flowchart of a method for testing abnormal power generation or failure of another solar module or module string in the solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormal test system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which corresponds to Figures 8 and 9 show a method for testing abnormal power generation or failure of a solar module or a string of modules. Referring again to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 10, the method for testing abnormal power generation or failure of a solar module or a string of modules according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S1C: For example, first, use Appropriate technical means (for example: automatic, semi-automatic or manual method) utilizes the power converter 2 or the converter 20 to directly control the solar cell module 1 to operate in several presets. The power converter 2 or the converter 20 is used to directly control the solar cell module 1 to operate at several predetermined current points, so that the solar cell module 1 can generate electricity.

Please refer to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 10. For example, compared with the above-mentioned preferred embodiment, another preferred embodiment of the present invention can choose to directly control the solar cell module 1 to operate in a number of A combined test method of several predetermined current points; and then directly controlling the solar cell module 1 to operate at several predetermined voltage points.

Referring again to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 10, the method for testing abnormal power generation or failure of a solar module or a string of modules according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S2C: for example, then, using Appropriate technical means (such as: automatic, semi-automatic or manual method) use the predetermined voltage points to measure the current to obtain a number of measurement currents, and then use the predetermined current points to measure the current to obtain a number of currents. A measurement voltage, and the operation sequence of the two can be reversed before and after the operation.

Please refer to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 10. For example, compared with the above-mentioned preferred embodiment, another preferred embodiment of the present invention can choose to directly control the solar cell module 1 to operate in a number of A combined test method of obtaining a plurality of measurement voltages by measuring a predetermined current point, and then directly controlling the solar cell module 1 to operate at a plurality of predetermined voltage points and measuring and obtaining a plurality of measurement currents.

Referring again to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 10, the method for testing abnormal power generation or failure of a solar module or a string of modules according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S3C: for example, then, using Appropriate technical means (for example: automatic, semi-automatic or manual method) utilize the combination of the predetermined voltage points and the measured currents and the combination of the predetermined current points and the measured voltages, respectively, and a third power generation characteristic The abnormal test model is compared to test whether the solar cell module is abnormal in power generation, and it is not necessary to calculate the predetermined voltage points and the measured currents or the predetermined current points and Several powers of several measured voltages.

FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram of the operation and maintenance time calculation method adopted by the operation and maintenance time evaluation module of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Figures 6A, 6B and 11, the reduced conversion efficiency data is calculated by an operation and maintenance time calculation method to calculate a reduction in power generation efficiency, and the operation and maintenance time calculation method can be selected as a triangle area calculation method to obtain the data The slope difference between one module operation and maintenance cost triangle and several power generation benefit reduction triangles, and an operation and maintenance time evaluation module (as shown in Figures 12 and 13) or an evaluation module with similar functions can be selected. The operation and maintenance time data includes a predicted operation and maintenance time data, a delayed operation and maintenance time data, or an advanced operation and maintenance time data.

Please refer to Figures 6A, 6B and 11 again, another operation and maintenance time calculation method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention can be selected as a one-day accumulation calculation method, and the daily accumulation calculation method adopts a conversion efficiency improvement reference line, A conversion performance improvement rate and a conversion performance decrease rate are estimated to calculate a predicted operation and maintenance time data (including the operation and maintenance time).

FIG. 12 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormality testing system according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 12, the test system 4 (eg, a near-end test system or other test system) according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention is electrically connected to the converter 20, and the solar cell module 1 A DC-DC boost power converter 21 is arranged between the converter and the converter 20 . In addition, the system is further configured with an operation and maintenance time evaluation module 32 .

FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormality testing system according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 13, the solar module or module string power generation abnormality testing system according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention adopts a cloud server 5 or a remote monitoring system including a remote testing system 50, And the converter 20 is further connected to a transmission module 22 or a wireless transmission module, so that the remote testing system 50 can connect and operate the converter 20 in a wired or wireless manner to execute several of the The abnormal power generation test operation of the solar cell module 1. In addition, the system is further configured with an operation and maintenance time evaluation module 32 .

The aforementioned preferred embodiment is only an example of the present invention and its technical features, and the technology of this embodiment can still be implemented in various substantially equivalent modifications and/or alternative ways; therefore, the scope of the right of the present invention is subject to the appended patent application The scope defined by the scope shall prevail. The copyright in this case is restricted to be used for the purposes of the ROC patent application.

1: Solar cell module

10: Solar cell unit

11: Bypass Diode

2: Power converter

2a: Test Unit

30: Test model for abnormal power generation characteristics

31: Conversion efficiency detection model

Claims (22)

A method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a series of modules, comprising: Check a solar cell module or a series of solar cell modules to confirm whether the power generation is abnormal or faulty; If the solar cell module or the solar cell module string does not generate abnormal power generation or failure, further perform a conversion performance detection operation on the solar cell module or the solar cell module string to obtain an actual conversion performance; and The actual conversion performance is calculated by using an initial conversion performance, so as to accurately obtain a reduction conversion performance data and an operation and maintenance time data. The method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a string of modules according to item 1 of the scope of the patent application, further comprising: performing a power generation abnormality or fault test operation on the solar cell module or the string of solar cells , to obtain an abnormal power generation or fault signal or a normal power generation signal; if the abnormal power generation or fault signal is generated, the subsequent operation is interrupted; if the normal power generation signal is generated or a warning signal is not generated, the solar cell module or The solar cell module string further performs the conversion efficiency detection operation. According to the method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a string of modules as described in item 1 of the scope of the application, the reduced conversion efficiency data is used to calculate a reduced amount of power generation efficiency. According to the test method for abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a string of modules described in item 1 of the scope of the application, the reduced conversion efficiency data is used to calculate a reduced power generation benefit amount, a module maintenance cost, and a module maintenance cost. Group cleaning cost, one module special material removal cost, one module cleaning cost, or any combination thereof. According to the method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a series of modules described in item 1 of the scope of the application, the operation and maintenance time data includes a delayed operation and maintenance time data or an advanced operation and maintenance time data. The solar module or the module string according to the claim 1 of the scope of application The operation and maintenance abnormality testing method, wherein the operation and maintenance time data includes a clearing time, an exclusion or sorting time, or any combination thereof. A method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a series of modules, comprising: Perform a power generation abnormality or fault test operation on a solar cell module or a series of solar cell modules to obtain a power generation abnormality or fault signal or a power generation normal signal; If the abnormal power generation or fault signal is generated, the subsequent operation will be interrupted; If the normal power generation signal is generated or a warning signal is not generated, the solar cell module or the solar cell module string is operated in a maximum power tracking mode; further performing a conversion performance detection operation on the solar cell module or the solar cell module string to obtain an actual conversion performance; and The actual conversion performance is calculated by using an initial conversion performance, so as to accurately obtain a reduction conversion performance data and an operation and maintenance time data. According to the method for testing the abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a string of modules as described in item 7 of the scope of the application, the reduced conversion efficiency data is used to calculate a reduction in power generation efficiency. According to the method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a string of modules described in item 7 of the scope of the patent application, the reduced conversion efficiency data is used to calculate a reduced power generation benefit amount, a module maintenance cost, and a module maintenance cost. Group cleaning cost, one module special material removal cost, one module cleaning cost, or any combination thereof. According to the method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a series of modules according to item 7 of the scope of the application, the operation and maintenance time data includes a delayed operation and maintenance time data or an advanced operation and maintenance time data. According to the method for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a string of modules according to item 7 of the scope of the patent application, the operation and maintenance time data includes a clearing time, an exclusion or sorting time, or any combination thereof. A solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormal test system, which Include: at least one solar cell module or at least one solar cell module string; at least one power converter or an inverter connected to the solar cell module or string of solar cell modules; and A test unit that is selectively configured to be connected to the power converter or converter, or the test unit is selected to be connected directly to the power converter or converter, or the test unit is selectively configured to be connected to a proximal device or a a remote device, and the proximal device or the remote device is connected and communicated with the power converter or converter; The solar cell module or the series of solar cell modules is checked for abnormal power generation or failure, and if the solar cell module or the string of solar cell modules does not have abnormal power generation or failure, the The solar cell module string further performs a conversion performance detection operation to obtain an actual conversion performance, and uses an initial conversion performance to calculate the actual conversion performance, so as to accurately obtain a reduced conversion performance data and an operation and maintenance time data. The system for testing abnormal operation and maintenance of a solar module or a string of modules according to item 12 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the solar cell module or the string of solar cell modules is subjected to a power generation abnormality or failure test operation to obtain When a power generation abnormality or failure signal or a normal power generation signal is generated, if the normal power generation signal is generated or a warning signal is not generated, the solar cell module or the series of solar cell modules is further subjected to the conversion performance detection operation. According to the solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormality testing system described in item 12 of the scope of the application, the data of reduced conversion efficiency is used to calculate a reduction in power generation efficiency. According to the solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormal test system described in item 12 of the scope of the application, the reduced conversion efficiency data is used to calculate a reduced power generation benefit amount, a module maintenance cost, and a module maintenance cost. Group cleaning cost, one module special material removal cost, one module cleaning cost, or any combination thereof. According to the solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormal test system described in item 12 of the scope of the application, the operation and maintenance time data includes a delayed operation and maintenance time data or an advanced operation and maintenance time data. According to the solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormality testing system described in item 12 of the scope of the application, the operation and maintenance time data includes a clearing time, an exclusion or sorting time, or any combination thereof. An abnormal operation and maintenance test system for a solar module or a series of modules, comprising: at least one solar cell module or at least one solar cell module string; at least one power converter or an inverter connected to the solar cell module or string of solar cell modules; and A test unit that is selectively configured to be connected to the power converter or converter, or the test unit is selected to be connected directly to the power converter or converter, or the test unit is selectively configured to be connected to a proximal device or a a remote device, and the proximal device or the remote device is connected and communicated with the power converter or converter; The solar cell module or the solar cell module series is subjected to a power generation abnormality or fault test operation to obtain a power generation abnormality or fault signal or a power generation normal signal. If the power generation normal signal is generated or a warning signal is not generated , operate the solar cell module or the string of solar cell modules in a maximum power tracking mode, and further perform a conversion performance detection operation on the solar cell module or the string of solar cell modules to obtain an actual conversion performance , and use an initial conversion performance to calculate the actual conversion performance, so as to accurately obtain a reduced conversion performance data and an operation and maintenance time data. According to the solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormality testing system described in item 18 of the scope of the application, the data of reduced conversion efficiency is used to calculate a reduction in power generation efficiency. According to the solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormal test system described in item 18 of the scope of the application, wherein the conversion performance reduction data is used to combine Calculate a reduced power generation benefit amount, a module maintenance cost, a module cleaning cost, a module special material removal cost, a module cleaning cost, or any combination thereof. According to the solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormal testing system described in item 18 of the scope of the application, the operation and maintenance time data includes a delayed operation and maintenance time data or an advanced operation and maintenance time data. According to the solar module or module string operation and maintenance abnormality testing system described in item 18 of the scope of the application, the operation and maintenance time data includes a clearing time, an exclusion or sorting time, or any combination thereof.

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