MXPA96005980A

MXPA96005980A - Vectorial electricity meters and methodssociated measurement of electricity vector

Info

Publication number: MXPA96005980A
Application number: MXPA/A/1996/005980A
Authority: MX
Inventors: E Hoffman Mark; Whitmore Crittenden Curtis; Maehl Gregory Paul Lavoie Thomas; Joseph Plisdadvid Dean Elmore Mark; Ralph Germer Jeffrey W Warren; Donald Frank Bullock Mammen; Seshu Putchadaniel Arthur Sivarama; Arthur Charles Burt Staver; D Edge Ellen
Original assignee: General Electric Company
Priority date: 1995-11-30
Filing date: 1996-11-29
Publication date: 1998-04-01

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for measuring electricity in a power line having at least two conduction paths, comprising the following steps that are executed by an electricity meter, detecting a line voltage signal and a signal of line current in the power line, determine a range of orthogonality for the detected line voltage and line current signals, convert the detected line voltage and line current signals to a digital signal, and calculate an amount of Vector measurement for the power line for the orthogonality interval determined from the digit signal

Description

VECTORIAL ELECTRICITY METERS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF VECTOR ELECTRICITY MEASUREMENT Field of the invention The present invention relates to the measurement of the electric power line, and more particularly to the apparatus and methods for measuring vector quantities of electricity for electric power lines having multiple pathways. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the distribution of electric power, utility companies have commonly found it convenient to measure quantities related to the supply of electric power to a consumer that accurately reflects the cost of supplying that energy to that consumer, and then pro-rate e-quitably the cost of energy supply among all users of the energy system. Previously, service companies realized "that billing users based solely on the current measurement of energy sent - -watt-hours - fails because it does not accurately reflect the cost of the user's power supply. For example, users of major industries may have inductive loads, such as those of large induction motors, which induce significant phase changes between voltages and currents in the power line, thus requiring advances of generating angles and capacitive compensation for part of the service company to maintain voltage levels, efficient power supply to consumers and preserve stability in the power system. This additional generation and the cost of the capital invested in equipment is not reflected in the measurements of the energy subscribed to the users' measurement points. Consequently, other measurements of electrical energy have been developed. For example, service companies typically invoice, not only the actual energy load as the watt hours subscribed to a user, but also the reactive load of the notebook as Varhours (or reactive voltam per hour), and the energy factor (cos ?) By measuring both watts per hour and reactive volt-amperes per hour, electric utility companies can more accurately apportion the cost of power supply to those users with inductive loads who demand the maximum from the power supply network. Energy. Potential errors in the measurement of energy, which can be attributed to non-sinus conditions, were also identified at the beginning of this century. About sixty years ago, engineers in energy systems tried to develop a unified general theoretical model for energy systems that would respond to harmonics and distortion. This model is described in an article, "Definitions of Power and Related Quantities" by Harvey L. Curtis and Francis B. Silsbee of the National Bureau of Standars, published for the 1935 AIEE Summer Conference. The definitions in the article by Curtis and Silsbee are derived from a three-dimensional vector model of electrical energy applicable to all harmonics and phases. These definitions have remained intact for a long time through the publication of the latest editions of the "IEEE Std 100, Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Terms." The vector relationships of energy for an energy line are shown in Figure 19. ANSI / IEEE STD 100 Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Terms defines the "energy phasor" S as the magnitude of a two-dimensional energy vector whose rectangular components are the "active energy" P and the "reactive energy" Q. In systems from more than one driving route, for example, "polyphase" systems or "single phase" systems with more than one driving path, the energy phasor S is the vector sum of the active energy P and the reactive energy S for the system, for all the harmonics. As will be understood by all those skilled in the art, the energy phasor S is equal to the active energy P when all the load elements are resistive. One way or another, is the power phasor, or more specifically, the hourly power factor per hour, what service companies have measured and invoiced. Typically, service companies have measured the volt-ampere hour rating for the fundamental frequency of the voltage system using conventional reactive volt-ampere and watt-hour measurements. The "apparent energy" U is defined as the magnitude of a three-dimensional energy vector with orthogonal components of active energy P, reactive energy Q and a third component, "distortion energy" D. Apparent energy and apparent voltamperio-hours provide a more comprehensive measurement of the characteristics of an energy line. For a two-terminal isolated circuit, the apparent energy U can be treated as a scalar, the product of the current and effective voltage in the single conduction path. However, in a system that has more than one conduction cable, the apparent vector energy and the apparent voltamperio-hours are vectors, the vector sum of the reactive energy and real distortion components for all the phases and harmonics. For this reason, the apparent vector energy and the apparent vector volt-ampere hours have been largely ignored as practical measurements because they lack techniques that allow to measure their vector components in an exact way. On the other hand, the service companies have relied on alternative measurements such as the notebook and the phasor of volt-ampere-hours, for which measurement techniques and equipment can be easily developed. Conventional electronic watt-hour sampling meters generally measure energy precisely by instantaneously accumulating energy measurements. This is typically done by taking samples of the voltage and current in the power line and converting the voltages and currents obtained in the sampling into digital values which can be multiplied to calculate the instantaneous energy. These sampling products are accumulated to produce a measurement of the energy transferred by the power line which can be inherently accurate for all significant harmonics, assuming that the sampling rate satisfies the sampling theorem. As defined in ANSI / IEEE STD 100 1992, the apparent power for a two-terminal circuit is: UX = Erms x Irms where Erms and lrms are the square roots of the average of the voltage and current squares for the circuit . Then, considering the voltage and currents in a power line as the composite of sinusoidal signals, the apparent energy (or volt-ampere-hours) for all the harmonics in a phase of a power line can be determined by measuring the voltage and current RMS.

The measurement of notebooks, however, is more problematic. The measurement of conventionally reactive volt-ampere hours has been made by the use of a second meter in conjunction with a watt hour meter or, more recently, a meter with an integrated capacity to measure both the watt hour and the volt hour-hour. Typically, the technique for measuring volt-hours includes the phase-change of line voltage measured by 90 ° using phase change transformers (in analog meters) or time delay elements (in digital meters). These two methods can lead to significant errors due to carelessness or failure to accurately change all the significant harmonics of the voltage. The measurements based on volt-ampere-apparent arithmetic hours for the power line have been proposed as an approximation of the vector apparent voltamperios-horas. The apparent arithmetic energy for a multiple phase system represents the arithmetic sum of the magnitude of the apparent energy for each of the individual phases. Although relatively easy to calculate apparent arithmetic energy tends to approximate very closely to apparent vector energy only in cases where the phases of the energy line are balanced and symmetric. Even in those cases, their measurement often leads to unexpected results under certain circumstances where the current or voltage waveforms are not sinusoids. These characteristics tend to make apparent arithmetic energy an inconvenient quantity for electrical measurement. Conventional electricity meters and measurement methods can fail to provide accurate measurements of the actual cost to provide electrical power to consumers where distortion is present. The increasing use of large motor drive devices connected in solid state, large connected power suppliers and connected loads such as computers leads to distorted current waveforms, generally accompanied by a greater amount of associated distortion energy. The distorted energy increases the demand on the equipment of the service companies and increases the energy losses. Measures such as the volt-ampere-hour phasor and the apparent arithmetic volt-ampere-hours fail to rationally reflect these associated costs. Errors that arise from the use of these conventional measurement techniques will become significantly increasing as the power supply increases. Service companies guided by the costs and demands of their users for equitable billing have a growing need for accurate measurement that reflects the real cost of the power supply. However, to provide continuity and minimize replacement costs, the equipment and new methods must be compatible with conventional meter connections and conventional measurement formats, as well as the multi-circuit topologies used in the services. electric SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In light of the foregoing, it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide electricity meters and measurement methods for the measurement of electricity in an energy line having at least two conductive pathways. It is another object of the present invention to provide electricity meters and measurement methods for the measurement of electricity that are accurate for significant harmonics of the fundamental frequency of the power line. It is another object of the present invention to provide electricity meters and measurement methods for the measurement of electricity that are compatible with the connections of conventional meters and capable of using conventional measurement formats. It is another object of the present invention to provide electricity meters and measurement methods for the measurement of electricity that are adaptable to various topologies of power line circuits. These objectives and advantages are provided by electricity meters and measurement methods for the vector measurement of electricity whose voltage reading line and line reading line signals in the power line convert the read signals into a digital signal, and calculate the vector measurement quantities for the power line over a certain orthogonality interval for the voltage reading line and the current reading line. As a result, accurate measurements of the calculated vector measurement quantity can be achieved. The amount of vector measurement calculated may include the apparent vector-volt-hours, apparent vector energy, apparent arithmetic volt-hours, apparent arithmetic energy, voltampery-hour phasor, volt-ampere-hours of distortion, distortion energy, notebooks, energy reactive, energy, active energy, energy factor and distortion energy factor. The calculation of vector averages for the vector calculation measurement quantities is preferably implemented using a digital signal processor that works in combination with a universal microprocessor, integrated in an electricity meter. The present invention provides an equitable and accurate measurement of electricity by accurate vector measurement of electrical energy. The present invention also provides a flexible and programmable measurement that allows billing of the measured user measured based on combinations of measured vector electrical quantities. The present invention also easily adapts to different electrical service environments, such as 4 Y-wires, a 3-wire single phase and a 3-wire delta and the like, without requiring component changes or elaborate hardware modifications. The installation of meters and the maintenance of the power lines are also helped. In particular, the vector measurement of electricity is achieved in an electricity meter according to the present invention by a voltage reading line and a line of current signals in an energy line. A range of orthogonality for the voltage reading line and current signals is determined from voltage reading signals. The voltage reading line and the current signals are transformed into a digital signal from which a vector measurement parameter is calculated for the orthogonality interval using vector calculation elements. Preferably, the detected voltage and current signals are converted into the corresponding sequences of line voltage and line current samples, which correspond to a consecutive plurality of sampling times separated by a sampling interval. Preferably, the sampling interval is uniform. A digital signal of phase-to-neutral voltage and a corresponding phase current signal can be calculated from the digital signal before calculating the vector measurement quantity, thus defining a phase of the energy line with respect to a real neutral or imputed to the power line. Preferably, the digital phase-to-neutral voltage signal includes a series of digital-to-neutral phase voltage samples, and the digital phase-stream signal includes a series of digital phase-stream samples, each sample corresponding to the sampling time for the sample of the corresponding digital voltage line or the line current sample. The orthogonality interval is preferably determined by detecting the passage of a previously determined integer number of cycles of a fundamental frequency reference signal "approaching the frequency of a fundamental component of the voltages and currents in the power line. Preferably, a range of orthogonality represents 60 cycles of the fundamental frequency reference signal for a nominal power system of 60 Hz., Or 50 cycles of the fundamental frequency reference signal for a nominal 50 Hz system. The orthogonality range is preferably determined by a narrow band by filtering the phase-to-neutral voltage signals calculated to produce the corresponding phase-to-neutral frequency voltage signals. These fundamental frequency signals can be combined linearly to produce the fundamental frequency reference signal. In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, the calculation of a vector measurement quantity for the orthogonality interval includes the calculation of the apparent vectorial volt-ampere-hours. The energy, the notebook and the apparent volt-ampere-hours are calculated for each phase of the energy line for the orthogonality interval. The apparent vectorial volt-ampere-hours for the orthogonality interval is calculated from the calculated energy, the notebook and the apparent volt-ampere-hours. The distortion of the volt-ampere-hours for each phase of the power line can be calculated from these quantities. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, calculating the energy, notebook and volt-ampere-hours of distortion over a range of orthogonality, the calculated energy, the notebook and the volt-ampere-hours of distortion accurately represent the vector components of the energy line. The vector algebra can be executed on these components to produce an accurate measurement of the apparent vector volt-ampere hours for the power line during the interval. The notebook is preferably calculated by applying a reactive energy filter to the digital voltage signal from phase to neutral and to the digital phase current signal. Preferably, this filter includes digital filters implemented in the vector calculation elements. The reactive energy filter preferably includes multiple phase change filters and multipliers that produce two intermediate phase change energy product signals which are summed to produce an output signal that approaches very close to the notebook for the line of energy for all harmonics within a previously determined frequency range. According to another aspect of the present invention, the apparent active, reactive, distortion and vector energy are calculated for the energy line from the power, notebooks, voltamperio-hours of distortion and voltamperio-vectorial apparent hours. Preferably these vector quantities are calculated by dividing the energy, notebook, volt-ampere-hours of distortion or apparent vectors calculated for the orthogonality interval by the number of sampling times occurring within the range to produce the corresponding amount of energy. You can also calculate the energy factor and a distortion energy factor from the energy, the notebook and the apparent voltamperios per phase calculated during the interval. In another aspect of the present invention, a magnitude of the neutral current for the power line is calculated from the digital phase current signals. The state of the neutral current can be calculated by comparing the magnitude of the calculated neutral current with a previously determined threshold, which indicates an unacceptable phase imbalance or other maintenance condition. Similarly, an effective voltage line can be calculated. A line voltage state can be calculated by comparing the calculated effective line voltage with an expected nominal operating voltage. A phase angle associated with a fundamental frequency component of a line voltage signal detected using a migratory decimalization technique can also be calculated. The samples of a narrow band filtered version of a digital line voltage signal are selected over a series of consecutive periods of the fundamental frequency reference signal to obtain a set of migrated decimal samples. These samples are preferably selected in such a way that a first selected migrated decimal sample coincides with a first zero crossing of the reference signal of the fundamental frequency. The next selected migrated decimal sample was selected from the next period of the reference signal of the fundamental frequency, delayed a migratory decimalization interval previously determined from the point on the waveform of the reference signal of the fundamental frequency to the which the previous sample was taken. Samples are taken similarly from successive intervals, thus producing a set of migrated decimal samples that approximate a period of digital voltage signal. Fourier analysis is applied to these migrated decimal samples to calculate the phase angle of the fundamental frequency component of the line voltage signal with respect to the reference signal. This provides an accurate measurement of the line voltage phase angle, useful for the installation and maintenance of the meter, among other tasks. In another aspect of the present invention, the measurement quantities for a range of orthogonality can be cumulatively recorded, analyzed to see the minimum and maximum values during a period of interest, and subjected to other analyzes for billing and other purposes. An identified measurement quantity can be calculated based on an associated retainer. It is also possible to calculate vector measurement quantities without taking into account the loss of line voltage signal detected thereby providing an element for estimating power when a voltage transformer or other component has failed. Accordingly, vector electricity meters and methods for measuring electricity vectors that can accurately measure vector measurement quantities are provided. These meters and methods provided for the measurement of electricity that accurately and equitably reflects the costs of supplying power to users. These meters and methods can also be adapted to different power line circuit topologies and are compatible with the connections and formats of conventional meters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGURE 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a vector electricity meter according to the present invention. FIGURE 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a vector electricity meter housed within a meter box according to the present invention. FIGURE 3A is a block diagram illustrating the operations in a vector electricity meter in accordance with the present invention. FIGURE 3B is a block diagram illustrating the conversion of the detected line voltage and current signals to digital samples according to the present invention. FIGURE 4 is a block diagram illustrating the operations in a vector electricity meter according to the present invention. FIGURE 5 is a block diagram illustrating the determination of an orthogonality range according to the present invention. FIGURE 6 is a block diagram illustrating the calculation of a vector measurement quantity from the line voltage and current signals detected in accordance with the present invention. FIGURE 7 is a block diagram illustrating the operations for calculating the phase-to-neutral voltage signal and a phase current signal to define a phase of an energy line according to the present invention. FIGURE 8 is a block diagram illustrating the calculation of a vector measurement quantity based on an indicated circuit topology. FIGURE 9 is a table illustrating example operations for calculating phase-to-neutral voltage samples and phase current samples based on a circuit topology indicated in accordance with the present invention.

FIGURE 10 is a block diagram illustrating operations for calculating energy per phase during an orthogonality interval according to the present invention. FIGURE 11 is a block diagram illustrating the operations to calculate the apparent volt-ampere-hours per phase for a range of orthogonality according to the present invention. FIGURE 12A is a block diagram illustrating a reactive energy filter according to the present invention. FIGURE 12B graphically illustrates a transfer function for a reactive energy filter in accordance with the present invention. FIGURE 13 is a block diagram illustrating the operations for calculating notebooks per phase for a range of orthogonality according to the present invention. FIGURE 14 is a block diagram illustrating the operations for calculating the apparent vector volt-hours-hours for an energy line for an orthogonality interval according to the present invention FIGURE 15A is a block diagram illustrating the operations for calculating a voltage line phase angle according to the present invention.

FIGURE 15B is a block diagram illustrating the decimalized sampling for the calculation of the phase angle according to the present invention. FIGURE 16A is a block diagram illustrating the operations for calculating the expected nominal line voltage according to the present invention. FIGURE 16B is a block diagram illustrating the operations for calculating the effective line voltage according to the present invention. FIGURE 17 is a block diagram illustrating the operations for calculating a line voltage state according to the present invention. FIGURE 18 is a block diagram illustrating the operations for calculating the magnitude of neutcurrent and the state of the neutcurrent in accordance with the present invention. FIGURE 19 graphically illustrates the vector relationships of energy. Detailed Description of the Preferred Modalities. The present invention will now be described in a more complete manner hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. However, this invention can be presented in many different ways and should not be considered as limited to the modalities established hereinafter; rather, these embodiments are provided in such a way that this discovery is thorough and complete, and that it communicates the field of the invention to those skilled in the art. Equal numbers refer to the same elements throughout the exhibition. FIGS. 6-7, 10-11, 13-15A and 16A-18 are illustrations of flow charts of the methods and systems according to the present invention. It will be understood that each block of the illustrations of the flow diagrams, and the combinations of blocks in the illustrations of the flow charts can be implemented with instructions of computer programs. These computer program instructions can be loaded into a computer or any other programmable device to produce a machine, so that instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device create the elements to implement the functions specified in the blocks of the flow diagrams or in the blocks. These computer program instructions should be stored in the readable memory of the computer that can direct a computer or other programmable device to function in a particular way, such that the instructions stored in the computer's readable memory in such a way that the instructions stored in the readable memory of the computer produce an article of manufacture that includes elements of instruction which implement the specified function in blocks of flow diagrams or blocks. Computer program instructions may also be loaded into a computer or other programmable device to cause a series of operational steps to be executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce an implemented computer process in such a manner that the instructions that are run on the computer or on another programmable device provide the steps to implement the functions specified in the block of flowcharts or blocks., the blocks of the illustrations of the flowcharts are the support of the combinations of the elements to perform the specified functions and the combinations of steps to perform the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the illustrations of the flowcharts, can be implemented with special purpose hardware-based computing systems which perform the specified functions or steps , or combinations of hardware for specific purposes and computer instructions. A Vector Electricity Meter Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a vector electricity meter according to the present invention.

A voltage sensor 110 and a current sensor 120 detect voltage and current signals in a power line and introduce the detected voltages and currents 315 into the conversion element 320. The conversion element 320, as an analog-to-digital converter (A / D), may include signal processing circuits to reject direct current components at the detected voltages and currents 315, compensating for phase changes induced by the sensing element, and the like, as well as for elements to sample the voltages and currents detected to obtain a digital signal 325. The digital signal 325 is inserted into the vector computing element 330, shown in FIGURE 1 which includes a computer program running on a digital signal processor 130, a microcomputer 140 and a program / data memory 150. Preferably, the digital signal processor (DSP) 130 performs calculations of vector energy based on the digital signal 325, under the control of the microcomputer 140. Preferably, the digital signal processor 130 is a high-speed processing device having a highly parallel architecture which performs rapid repetitive calculations. Examples of a digital signal processor 130 are the devices of the TMS320x Texas Instruments Corporation line of digital signal processors.

In addition to controlling the digital signal processor 130, the microcomputer 140 can control other peripheral devices, such as a display 160 or a communication interface 170. Those skilled in the art will understand that the computing element 330 can be implemented using various combinations of elements. of hardware and software, including other digital signal processing devices or universal processors. The detection element 310, the conversion element 320 and the vector calculation element 330 are preferably integrated into a standard type electricity meter 200, as shown in FIGURE 2. The meter 200 may include an LCD screen 160 and a optical access 170 for communicating measurement data to a data logger or other device. The meter 200 can be connected directly to 220 AC conductors of a 210 power line directly for low voltage, low energy installations, or it can be damped by the use of voltage and current transformers, as is well known by the experts. in the technique. Review of the Measurement of Vectorial Electricity Those experts in the art will understand that apparent vector energy (or apparent vectorial volt-ampere-hours) for an energy line that has more than one conduction path can be determined by determining in the first instance its three orthogonal components: active energy (or energy), reactive energy (or notebook); and distortion energy (or volt-ampere-hours of distortion). In vector terms: - »? ? ? U = P + Q + D | uul | == ¡V | P | 2+ | Q | 2+ | D | 2 In a vector electricity meter according to the present invention, these components are calculated over a range of orthogonality for the sinusoidal components of the periodic currents and voltages of the power line. Those skilled in the art will understand that a n-dimensional vector can be represented as a sum of base vectors xx, x2,. . . , xn: y = c1x1 + c2x2 + ... + cnxn (1) If the base vectors are orthogonal, the internal products of the base vectors are equal to zero: < xi, xj > , i? j. Forming the inner product of a base vector xi with both sides of equation (1) produces: < and, xi > = c1 < x1, xi > + c2 < x2, xi > + • • • + cn < xn, xi > = ci < xi, Xj > with < Y. xi > C-; = < Xi (Xj> Then, a vector can be conveniently expressed using an orthogonal base because the coordinates c can be easily calculated.The relationship between orthogonality and internal product is applied to functions in general.The internal product of two functions can be defined as a integral over an interval: h 'i As with base vectors, the internal product of the two functions is zero if the functions are orthogonal: < gí (^ (> = 0 ,?> >.) The interval (tlf t2) is a range of orthogonality for the functions g (t) and gj (t) A function can be expressed as a sum of orthogonal functions on the orthogonality interval (t1 # t2): M * cg, (0 + cg¿t) * '"* c, jgn (t) Thus, a function represented as a sum of orthogonal functions over a range of orthogonality can be determine using "vector algebra." To accurately perform vector algebra using measured values for energy, notebooks, and apparent volt-ampere-hours for each phase of an energy line, these vector measurement components are preferably measured for a range of orthogonality so that the vector sum of these vector measurement components is an accurate representation of the apparent vector volt-ampere hours, for example, the internal products of the current and the voltage are zero For a power line that has voltages and currents including a component of fundamental sinewave frequency and multiple harmonics of this, a range of orthogonality for all sinewave voltages and currents is an integral number of cycles of the fundamental frequency component. Having explained why the vector measurement components are preferably calculated over a range of orthogonality, the operations for vector measurement in accordance with the present invention will now be explained. FIGURE 3A is a block diagram illustrating the basic operations for vector measurement in accordance with the present invention. The line voltage and the line current signals are detected in the power line by a voltage sensor 110 and a current sensor 120. In the conversion element 320, the voltage of the detected line and the current signals of line 315 are converted to digital signal 325. Digital signal 325 is input to a vector calculation element 330, where a vector measurement quantity is calculated from digital signal 325.

As shown in FIGURE 3B, a digital signal 325 is produced in conversion elements 320, preferably in the form of a series of digital line voltage samples 326 and line current samples 327. The detected voltages and current signals 315 are sampled in the sample element 321 at previously determined sampling intervals to produce a plurality of line voltage and current sample 322. The voltage and current samples are converted into the corresponding series of digital line voltage samples. and the current line samples 327 in the sample conversion element 323. It will be understood by those skilled in the art to accurately measure vector quantities for a power line from the fundamental frequency of 60 Hz to the harmonic Twenty-three of the fundamental, or 1380 Hz, the milling regime should be greater than 2760 samples per second. Preferably, the digital line voltage samples 326 and the digital line current samples 327 represent samples taken at a sampling rate of 3900 samples per second, or a sampling interval of approximately 26 microseconds. According to the present invention, the vector computing element 330 of FIGURE 1 and the vector calculation operation 330 of FIGURE 3A can resolve the detected line voltages and the current signals 315 in amounts of three equivalent phases. As illustrated in FIGURE 7, the phases are preferably defined for the power line in Block 700 by taking a sample of digital line voltage ek and a corresponding sample of digital line current i in Block 710, measuring a sample of digital neutral voltage phase to line 720, and measuring a sample of digital phase current in Block 730. The measurements of Blocks 720 and 730 are dependent on the topology of the power line circuit. As illustrated in FIGURE 8, the circuit identification element 810 is provided to identify a circuit topology, with vector measurement elements 330 performing the corresponding computations of the digital phase-neutral voltage signals and the digital phase-stream signals based on the circuit topology indicated. Those skilled in the art will understand that the circuit identification element 810 may include memory elements, selection resistors, sets of DIP connections and the like. The exemplary calculations for the vector measurement element 330 of FIGURE 3B for the different circuit topologies are illustrated in the table of FIGURE 9. For the table, Va, Vb and Vc represent digital line voltage meters 326, Ia, lb and lc represent samples of digital line current 327, while Va, Vb and Vc represent the corresponding digital voltage samples calculated phase to neutral and Ia0, lb0 and Ic0 represent the corresponding samples of calculated digital phase current. FIGURE 4 illustrates the vector electricity meter of FIGURES 1 and 3A, with the addition of the interval determination element 420 to determine an orthogonality range for the voltage and current signals in the power line. As mentioned above, vector energy calculations are performed over a range of orthogonality for current and voltage signals in the power line. The vector calculation element 330 can calculate a vector measurement quantity for the orthogonality interval determined by the interval determination element 420. FIGURE 5 illustrates the operation to determine an orthogonality range from the voltage and current signals 315 detected to be used by the vector computing element 330. A fundamental frequency reference signal 535 is produced having an approximate frequency equivalent to the fundamental frequency of the detected line voltage and current signals 315. To produce the reference signal of fundamental frequency 535, a phase-to-neutral voltage signal 715 is produced which defines a phase of the power line from detected line voltage signals 315 in the production element 510. The digital voltage signal from fae to neutral for each phase it is introduced to a narrow band filter 520 which preferably has a band step by step centered approximately on the nominal fundamental frequency of the power line to produce a fundamental frequency voltage signal 525. The fundamental frequency voltage signals 525 produced combine in the linear combination element 530, which performs a combination weighted by lae eeñalee. Preferably, a first fundamental frequency voltage signal is graduated in approximately one half, a second fundamental frequency voltage signal is graduated to approximately a quarter and a third fundamental frequency voltage signal is graduated to approximately one eighth, and graded signals are summed to produce the fundamental frequency reference signal 535. The referencing signal has approximately the same fundamental frequency as the voltage signals of the fundamental frequency 525., and remains present even if one of the frequency voltage signals fundamental is not present, as in the case where, for example, the measurement of a single-phase three-wire power line or a three-phase power line for which a voltage line is missing. For a power line characterized by a fundamental frequency and multiple harmonics thereof, a common orthogonality interval for voltages and currents in the power line is a range equivalent to an integral number of cycles of the lowest frequency component , for example, an integral number of cycles of the fundamental. Then, an orthogonality range for the power line can be determined by detection elements 540 by detecting the passage of a predetermined number of cycles of the digital fundamental frequency reference signal 535. Preferably, the previously determined number of cycles of the fundamental frequency reference signal 535 used to determine the orthogonality interval is such that a sufficiently long interval is provided to allow calculations for each interval to be completed before the calculations for the beginning the interval is extended, and the interval is made so long that accumulation varies in the vector calculation element 330 to increase the capacity. Typically, for a 60 Hz nominal power line, 60 cycles of the fundamental frequency reference signal 535, or nominally one second, defines a range of orthogonality according to the present invention. In the same way, for a nominal power line of 50 Hz, 50 cycles of the fundamental frequency reference signal 535 define a range. However, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, other integral numbers of cycles of the fundamental frequency reference signal 535 may be used with the present invention. As those skilled in the art will understand the functions of the production element 510, the narrow band filtering elements 520, the linear combination element 530 and the detection element 540 can be integrated with the vector calculation element 330, for example, in The digital signal processor 130 of FIGURE 1. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, these elements may also be implemented separately in analog circuits, digital circuits and combinations thereof. For example, the production element 510 may include a reseller network, an angoeta band filter 520 may include an analog band filter, a linear combination element 530 may include analog arithmetic circuits, and the detection element 540 may include an analog zero crossing detector and an associated counter that provides an interruption or any other signal to the vector computing element 330 to indicate a range of orthogonality.

Calculation of Energy-related Vector Measurement Quantities Having described a vector electricity meter and the basic operations of the same, this section illustrates the calculation of various vector measurement quantities related to energy in the vector calculation element 330 of FIGURE 1 and 3A. As an example of the calculation of vector measurement quantities related to energy, FIGURE 6 illustrates the basic operations to calculate the apparent vector energy for a range of orthogonality from the energy, the notebook and the apparent volt-ampere-hours calculated for each Energy phase during the interval. FIGURES 10, 11, 13, and 14 illustrate the detailed operations for calculating the energy per phase, the notebook per phase, the apparent volt-ampere-hours per phase, and the apparent vectorial volt-ampere-hour for the power line during the interval, reepectively. FIGURES 12A-12B illustrate a reactive energy filter for calculating the notebook per phase according to the present invention, and the operations for implementing the reactive filter in the vector computing element 330. Referring to FIGURE 6, the energy per phase, notebook by phase, and apparent volt-ampere-hours per phase are calculated for the orthogonality interval in Blocks 610, 620, 630, respectively. The apparent vectorial volt-hours for the power line for the interval are calculated in Block 640 from the calculated energy, the notebook and the apparent volt-ampere-hours for the phases. Typically, the volt-hours of distortion are calculated from the calculated energy, the notebook, and the volt-hours per phase: Distortion VAh = 1 / (Apparent VAh) 2 - (Energy) 2 - (Cuadergia) 2.

The energy, the notebook and the volt-ampere-hours of distortion for the energy line during the interval can be calculated by the sum of the calculated energy, the notebook and the volt-ampere-hours of fare. The apparent vectorial volt-ampere-hour for the power line during the interval can be calculated from the calculated energy, the notebook, and the volt-ampere-hours of scattering. However, as will be understood by those skilled in the art although these calculations can be performed individually, they can also be combined in composite calculations. FIGURE 10 illustrates the operations for calculating the energy per phase for a range of orthogonality according to the present invention (Blo «than 1000). A phase-neutral digital voltage sample ek obtained in block 1010 is multiplied by the corresponding digital phase current sample ik in Block 1020. The product of the voltage and the current samples for each sampling time are accumulated in the Block. 1030. After the end of the orthogonality interval in Block 1040, the cumulative product of the voltage and the current draw ee multiply by the number of samples Ns, and the sampling interval Ts to calculate the energy transferred by the power line during the orthogonality interval in Block 1050. FIGURE 11 illustrates the operations for the calculation of apparent volt-ampere-hours per phase according to the present invention (Block 1100). A phase-neutral digital voltage sample ek obtained in Block 1110 is squared in block 1120, and the resulting product is added in Block 1140 to the sum of the digital-to-neutral phase voltage samples raised prior to square. In the same form, a sample of digital phase current ik obtained in Block 1110 is squared in Block 1130 and the resulting product accumulated in Block 1150. After the end of an interval in Block 1160, the samples of Digital voltage from fae to neutral to cumulative squared and phase-squared digital current samples accumulate for each phase from the interval multiply in Block 1170 by the square of the number of samples Ns times the sampling interval Ts to produce a amount equivalent to the square of the apparent volt-ampere-hours for the phase during the orthogonality interval. The apparent voltamperio-hours for the phase during the interval is calculated in Block 1180 by taking the square root of this product.

FIGURE 12A illustrates a reactive energy filter 1210 for calculating the reactive energy according to the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art to accurately measure the reactive energy of a phase for all significant harmonics a phase-changed form of a phase voltage signal to multiply a corresponding faee current signal, the voltage signal phase must be changed equally for all those harmonics. Conventional hour-reactive voltamper meters can not typically achieve a uniform change, correctly, usually by changing only the fundamental and some other components of the frequency. A uniform phase change is achieved according to the present invention for a desired frequency band by inputting the phase voltage signal E and the phase current signal I into a reactive energy filter 1210. The filter of the first change of phase Hx and the filter of the second phase change H3 are preferably digital recursive filters that induce a first phase change 51. Similarly, the filter of the second phase change H2 and the filter of the fourth phase change H4 in the same way are preferably digital recursive filters that induce a second phase change d2. The outputs from each of these filters are multiplied as shown and summed to produce an output signal Q ', which represents the product of a frequency function and the reactive energy Q: e (t) = > EZ-a; itt) = > I ß; H1 (f) -H3 (f) -G1.β1; H2 (f) -H4 (f) -G2. A = GXG2 [EIcos (ß - a) cos (d2 -d - ^ - EIsen (ß-a) sin (d2 - dx)] A = G ^ [Pcosid-L -d2) Qsen (dx -d2)]; B = G ^ tEIcosíß -ajcosídi -d2) -EIsin (ß -o seníd-t -d2)]; B = G ^ CPcoeíd! -d2) + Qeeníd! -d2)] Q '= GB - GA = 2GG1G2een (d1 - d2) As will be understood by the expert in the technique of G1 # G2 and G eon unit the result is reduced to: Q' = 2sen (d1 - d2) or Q '= g (f ) Q.

The transfer characteristics for the function g (f) / 2 ee mueetra in FIGURE 12B. The traneferencing functions of the phase change filters H1 # H2, H3, and H4, are chosen in such a way that the phase difference approaches very close to 90 degrees over a frequency band? the sinod of the phase difference senod-L -d2 approximately the unit and the output of the filter Q 'a close approximation of the reactive energy over the frequency range. Preferably,? F extends the range of the significant harmonics of the fundamental frequency of the phase and current voltage signals preferably up to and including the harmonic twenty-three. The Q 'output can be integrated to provide an accurate measurement of the notebook. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the reactive power filter 1210 may be implemented by the use of analog circuits, specialized and digital circuits, or by running a software in a universal purpose process. FIGURE 13 illustrates the operations for implementing the reactive energy filter 1210 of FIGURE 12A, 79 which can be performed on the vector computing element 330 of FIGURE 3A (Block 1300). A first phase change filter is applied to a phase-to-neutral digital voltage sample ek obtained in Block 1305 to calculate the phase-to-neutral digital voltage sample of the first change phase Ek 'in Block 1310. a second digital phase change filter is applied to the sample of digital voltage from phase to neutral e "to calculate a sample of digital voltage from phase to neutral of the second phase of change ek" in Block 1315. In the same way , a third phase change filter having the same transfer function as the first change phase filter is applied to the corresponding digital phase sample ik, obtained in Block 1305 to calculate a first sample of phase current digital exchange of faee ik "in Block 1320. A fourth change phase filter is also applied which has the same transfer function as the second phase change filter to the digital phase current sample ik to calculate a second phase phase digital phase sample sample. change ik "in Block325. The digital-to-neutral phase voltage sample of the second phase of change is multiplied by the fae current unit of the first phase of change to calculate a first sample of intermediate energy qk 'in the Block 1330, and the phase-to-neutral digital voltage sample of the second phase of change is multiplied by the phase digital current sample of the second phase change to calculate a second sample of intermediate energy qk "in block 1335. The second sample of intermediate energy is subtracted from the first sample of intermediate energy to calculate a sample of reactive energy q in Block 1340. Reactive energy samples are accumulated in block 1345. At the end of the interval in Block 1350, samples of accumulated reactive energy are multiplied in Block 1355 by the number of samples Ns and the sampling interval Ts to calculate the notebook for the phase during the interval.

FIGURE 14 illustrates the detailed operations to calculate the apparent digital volt-ampere-hours from the calculated energy, the notebook and the apparent volt-ampere-hours for the faee of the power line (Block 1400). At the end of the orthogonality interval in Block 1410, the accumulated energy and the notebook for each defined phase of the power line is drawn as a vector in Block 1420 from the apparent volt-ampere-hour for the fae for the interval to calculate the voltamperio-hours of deactivation for the faee for the interval. The energy, the notebook, and the voltamperio-horae of the department of energy are calculated for the energy line by adding blocks 1430, 1440 and 1450 respectively, the values calculated for eetae quantities for all phases of the energy line. The volt-ampere-hours apparent vector is calculated in Block 1460 as the square root of the sum of the squares of the energy, notebooks and the volt-ampere-hours of discretion. According to the present invention, the vector measurement quantities calculated using the vector calculation element 330 of FIGURE 3A can include the energy, the notebook, the distortion energy and the corresponding quantities of measurements per phase. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, various energy factors such as an energy factor, a power distortion factor and the like can also be calculated from the various proportions of the measurement quantity. The vector calculation element 330 can also calculate related amounts of energy. The vector calculation element 330 preferably stores the number of sample taken during a range of orthogonality, thus providing a measure of length for the interval. The apparent vector energy can be calculated from the apparent vector volt-ampere-hours calculated for the orthogonality interval by dividing the apparent vectorial volt-ampere-hours between the length of the interval. Similarly, the active energy can be calculated from the calculated notebook by dividing the calculated notebook between the length of the interval and the reactive energy can be calculated from the calculated notebook by dividing the calculated notebook between the length of the interval. As will be understood by those skilled in the art the calculation of vector measurement quantities the vector computing element 330 is not limited to the calculated pauses of the illustrated modes. For example, according to the present invention, the apparent vector energy can be calculated without first calculating the apparent vectorial volt-hours, calculating first the energy of active and reactive scattering for the orthogonality interval from energy, notebooks, and voltamperials. apparent hours for the phases of the energy line, and then adding vectorially eetoe componen. The apparent vectorial voltamperio-horae can be calculated from the vector apparent energy for the orthogonality interval by multiplying the vectorial apparent energy calculated by the interval by the number of mueetrae in the interval. The electrical services companies usually bill their consumers based on energy plus the additional amount, such as notebook or faeor voltamperio-horas. Typically, a "cap" is also applied to the measurements of these amounts, for example, the service company can select the billing of the energy supplied and the energy received, the backlog and similarity. The vector calculation element 330 can calculate an identified vector measurement quantity that is to be measured. The identified measurement amount ee can be identified through the vector computing element 330, for example, by a measurement technician through the interface communications 170 illustrated in FIGURE 1. As will be understood by those skilled in the art the amount identified can include an associated cap, as the guide notebook only, energy supplied and received and similar. Calculation of Other Quantities of Vector Measurement The vector measurement element 330 illustrated in FIGURE 3A can also calculate other vector measurement quantities useful for the safety of the energy and maintenance system, installation of meters and the like, such as an angle of faee, an effective line voltage, a rated operating voltage, the voltage line voltage, a neutral current magnitude, and a neutral current state. FIGS. 15A-15B illustrate the operations for calculating a phase angle of a detected line voltage 315 with respect to the fundamental frequency reference signal 535 of FIGURE 5. FIGS. 16A-B illustrate the operations for voltage calculation of effective line an expected nominal operating voltage. FIGURE 17 illustrates the operations to use the calculated effective line voltage to calculate a line voltage state. Finally, FIGURE 18 illustrates the operations for calculating a neutral current magnitude and a neutral current state. The operations for determining a fae angle of a detected line voltage signal 315 with respect to the fundamental frequency reference signal 535 (see FIGURE 5) are illustrated in FIGS. 15A-15B. The digital line voltage samples obtained in Block 1510 are filtered in narrow band in Block 1520 to calculate a series of fundamental frequency line voltage samples that represent a fundamental frequency component signal of the line voltage signal detected. A set of migrated decimal digital line voltage samples are selected in Block 1530, each from a succession of cycles of the reference signal of the fundamental frequency 535. In particular, as illustrated in FIGURE 15B, each The decimalized migratory sample is selected such that it comes from a sampling time with delay of a predetermined decimalization interval N from the previous decimalized sample with respect to the fundamental frequency reference signal 535. Preferably, the first decimalized sample edl The first mueetra following the beginning of an orthogonality interval, illustrated in FIGURE 18B as following a first zero crossing of the fundamental frequency reference signal 535. The following decimal sample ed2 is selected from samples taken during the next cycle of the fundamental frequency reference signal 535, with the delay of the interval of Cimalization N2 from the point in the waveform of the fundamental frequency reference signal 535 where the preceding sample edl was selected. Preferably, the decimalization interval U1 is such that the set of samples declassified during an orthogonality interval represents approximately one period of the component signal of the fundamental frequency of a detected line voltage signal 315. For a power line triplet from 60 Hz to 3900 mueetrae per second, for example, approximately 65 samples are taken in a cycle. If the migrated decimalized samples are taken from cycles euceeivoe of the fundamental frequency reference signal 535 in such a way that each one delays a decimalization interval Nx of 13 samples from the previous sample with respect to the reference signal of fundamental frequency, ee can select a set of 5 decimal samples during a 60-cycle interval of the fundamental frequency component signal 535, thus approaching a period of the fundamental frequency reference signal of the detected line voltage 315. For a 50 Hz system at the same sampling rate and decimalization interval N1, the waveform can be represented by 6 samples. The fae angle of the fundamental component of the line voltage can be calculated after a range of orthogonality in Block 1540 by using Fourier analysis in Block 1550. As will be understood by those skilled in the art: *, where are the terms sine and cosine, respectively, of the Fourier series representation of the component signal of the fundamental frequency of the detected line voltage signal 315, based on M sampleted migrated decimal. For this equation, Ns is the number of fingers taken during an orthogonality interval, Nc is the nominal fundamental frequency of the power line (50 0 60 Hz), N1 is the decimalization interval, and fs is the grounding frequency. The vector calculation element 330 of FIGURES 1 and 3A can also calculate an effective line voltage and a rated operating voltage for the power line from a detected line voltage signal 315, and control the detected line voltage signals 315 based on the voltage of expected nominal operation. The operations for calculating an expected nominal operating voltage are illustrated in FIGURE 16A (Block 1600). In Block 1610 the effective voltage of a detected line voltage signal 315 is calculated for an orthogonality interval, preferably immediately after or during the initialization of a vector computing element 330. A phase angle can also be calculated in Block 1500. for the line voltage, also during an initialization or immediately after. The expected nominal operating voltage is selected in Block 1620 from predetermined nominal operating voltages 1630 based on the calculated effective voltage and the calculated phase angle. Preferably, the expected and selected nominal operating voltage is the predetermined nominal operating voltage 1630 closest to the calculated effective voltage. The predetermined nominal operating voltages 1630 preferably include line voltages such as 120 volts, 240 volts, 277 volts and similar. You can also calculate the rated operating voltage based on the calculated phase angle. For example, the calculated effective voltage may fall roughly evenly among previously determined nominal operating voltage, such as 240 volts and 277 volts, which typically correspond to a three-wire single service and a three-wire service and Greek phase of four wires, respectively. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, these two circuit topologies can be differentiated by the different phase angles between the line voltage, for example, line voltages in the volt 277 service will typically be separated by a nominal phase angle of 120 degrees while the Volt 240 service line voltages are typically separated by a nominal level of 60 degrees. The vector computing element 330 can calculate the rated operating voltage by selecting the previously determined nominal operating voltage having a characteristic phase angle closest to the calculated phase angle. FIGURE 16B illustrates the detailed operations for calculating an effective line voltage (Blo »that 1610). The line voltage samples obtained in Block 1611 are narrow bands filtered in Block 1612, filtered square meters squared in Block 1613, and squared samples accumulated in Block 1614. After the end of the interval in the For 1615, the effective voltage during the interval is calculated by taking the square root of the digital accumulated line voltage sample squared divided by the number of samples Ns vecee the sampling interval Ts in block 1616. Referring now to FIGURE 17, the expected nominal line voltage can be used to calculate a line voltage line (Block 1700). Block 1710 calculates an effective line voltage. The calculated line voltage status is compared to an expected nominal operating voltage, based on the previously determined tolerance 1740, to calculate a line voltage state in Block 1720. As will be understood by those skilled in the art although the calculated state preferably refers to a voltage or low voltage condition in the power line, another voltage stage can be calculated. of line, as a statistical deviation of the calculated effective voltage with respect to the expected nominal operating voltage and the like. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the calculated states can communicate from a vector calculation element 330 to a user, an interruption and similar control system, for maintenance, suspension and other purposes, for example, by means of the communication interface 170 or the screen 160 of FIGURE 1. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the effective line voltage and the line voltage state can be calculated in any interval of orthogonality or in other previously determined ranges. Referring now to FIGURE 18, the vector computing element 330 can also calculate and monitor a neutral current magnitude from calculated digital phase current samples (Block 1800). The digital phase stream samples obtained for each phase in Block 1810 are added to Block 1820 and the sum is squared in Block 1830. The magnitude of neutral current is calculated by taking the square root of the sum squared in Block 1830. A neutral current state can be calculated in Block 1840 by comparing the calculated neutral current amount with a previously determined threshold 1842. As will be understood by the skilled artisan the calculated state can be communicated to the user, a system of interruption and similar control, for maintenance closure and other purposes. It will also be understood that the magnitude of the neutral current and the state can be calculated at any sampling time, at any orthogonality interval, or at other previously determined intervals. In the drawings and specifications, the typical preferred embodiments of the invention have been set forth and, although the specific terms have been used, they have been used only in a generic and descriptive sense and not with limitation purposes, the field of the invention will be explained. in the next claim.

Claims

RBIVIMDICACKHiBS 1. A method to measure electricity in a power line that has at least one way of conduction, comprising the following steps that are executed by an electricity meter: detecting a line voltage signal and a line current signal in the energy line; determining an orthogonality interval for the detected line voltage and line current signaling, - converting the detected line voltage and the line current signals into a digital signal; and calculating a vector measurement quantity for the power line for the orthogonality interval determined from the digital signal.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the vector apparent voltamperio-hours for the power line for the orthogonality interval comprises the following paeoe: calculating from the digital signal of phase voltage a neutral and the digital phase current signal, the energy transferred by each fae defined in the energy line for the orthogonality interval; calculate from the digital signal of fae to neutral voltage and of the digital phase current signal, the notebook for each defined phase of the energy line for the interval of orthogonality; calculate from the digital phase-to-neutral voltage signal and the digital phase-current signal, the volt-ampere-hour will be apparent for each defined phase of the energy line for the orthogonality interval; and calculate the vector apparent voltamperio-hours for the energy line for the orthogonality interval from the calculated energy, the notebook and the apparent voltamperio-hours for the defined phases of the energy line for the orthogonality interval.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating a measurement quantity for the energy line for the orthogonality interval comprises the step of: calculating the notebook for the energy line for a range of orthogonality to From the digital voltage signal from phase to neutral and from the phase current signal.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the step of calculating the notebook for each defined phase of the energy line for the orthogonality interval comprises the following steps, which are executed by each voltage signal from phase to neutral and the corresponding phase current signal: apply a first phase change filter having a first transfer function for the digital voltage signal from phase to neutral by which to calculate a first digital voltage signal from phase to neutral phase changed; applying a second phase change filter having a second transfer function to the digital phase-to-neutral voltage signal by which to calculate a second digital signal from phase to phase voltage changed; applying a third phase change filter having the first transfer function to the digital phase current signal by which to calculate a first phase digital current signal changed, - applying a fourth phase change filter having the second transfer function for the digital phase current signal by which to calculate a second phase digital current signal changed; multiplying the first digital phase-to-neutral phase voltage signal changed by the second fae digital phase current signal changed by which to calculate a first intermediate energy product signal; multiplying the second digital phase-to-neutral phase voltage signal changed by the changed phase digital phase-stream signal by which to calculate a second intermediate-energy product signal; and calculate the notebook for the defined phase of the energy line for the orthogonality interval from the first intermediate energy product signal.
5. A method according to claim 1, where the step to calculate a vector measurement quantity for the energy line for the interval of orthogonality that includes the following: calculate the voltamperio-horae of dietoreión for the energy line for the interval of orthogonality from the signal Digital fae to neutral voltage and digital phase current signal.
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the step for calculating the volt-ampere-hours of distribution for the energy line for the orthogonality interval comprising the following and calculating from the digital voltage signal of fae to neutral and the digital phase current signal from the orthogonality interval, the energy transferred through each defined phase of the energy line for the orthogonality interval. Calculate from the phase-to-neutral voltage signal and the digital phase-stream signal. the notebook for each defined phase of the energy line for the orthogonality interval; calculate from the digital phase-to-neutral voltage signal and the digital phase-current signal, the apparent volt-ampere-hours for each defined phase of the power line for the orthogonality interval; and calculate the voltamperio-horae for the energy line for the orthogonality interval from the energy, the notebook and the apparent voltamperio-hours for the defined phases of the energy line for the orthogonality interval.
7. A method according to claim 1. where the step to calculate the amount of vector measurement for the energy line for the orthogonality interval comprises the following: calculate the dietary energy factor for a range of orthogonality from the digital voltage signal from phase to neutral and digital phase current signal.
A method according to claim 1, wherein the step for determining an orthogonality range comprises the following step: producing a neutral-to-neutral voltage signal from the detected line voltage and the line current signals by which define a faee of the energy line; and determining a range of orthogonality from the phase-to-neutral voltage signal.
9. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step for calculating a digital fae to neutral voltage signal and a digital phase current signal is preceded by the following step: identifying a circuit topology of the line Energy; and where the step of calculating a digital signal from phase-to-neutral voltage and a digital phase-current signal comprises the task of calculating a digital signal of fae to neutral voltage and a digital signal current of the digital fae based on the digital topology. Identified circuit in the power line.
10. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step for calculating a vector measurement quantity comprises the following step: calculating a neutral current magnitude for the power line from the digital phase current signal.
11. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step for calculating a vector measurement quantity comprises the following step: calculating an effective line voltage for an energy line for the orthogonality interval from the digital signal.
12. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step for calculating a vector measurement quantity is preceded by the following step: identifying a vector measurement quantity to be measured; and where the step of measuring a vector measurement quantity comprises the step of calculating the identified vector measurement quantity.
13. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step for calculating the vector apparent volt-ampere-hours for the power line for the orthogonality interval comprises the following steps: calculate from the digital phase voltage samples a neutral and digital phase current from the orthogonality interval, the energy transferred through each defined phase of the energy line for the orthogonality interval; calculate for the samples of digital phase voltage to neutral and digital phase current samples from the orthogonality interval, the notebook for each defined phase of the energy line for the orthogonality interval; calculate from the digital-to-neutral phase voltage samples and the digital phase-stream samples from the orthogonality interval, the apparent volt-ampere-hours for each defined faee of the energy line for the orthogonality interval; and calculate the vector apparent voltamperio-hours for the energy line for the interval of orthogonality from the energy, the notebook and the apparent voltamperio-hours for the defined phases of the energy line for the interval of orthogonality.
14. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step to calculate the vector measurement quantity for the energy line for the orthogonality interval comprises the following step: calculate the notebook for the energy line for the orthogonality interval a From the digital voltage to the neutral voltage phase and the digital phase current samples for the orthogonality interval.
15. A method according to claim 14 wherein the step to calculate the notebook for each defined faee of the energy line for the orthogonality interval comprises the following steps, which are executed for the fae to neutral voltage samples and the corresponding phase current samples: apply a first phase change filter having a first transfer function to the digital to neutral phase voltage sample by means of the which is calculated a first sample of digital phase voltage to phase neutral changed; applying a second phase change filter having a second transfer function to the digital-to-neutral phase voltage sample by which a second sample of digital phase voltage to phase neutral changed is calculated; applying a third phase change filter having a third transfer function to the digital phase current sample by which to calculate a first sample of digital phase current changed; applying a fourth phase change filter to the digital phase current sample whereby calculating a second sample of digital phase current changed; Multiply the first sample of digital phase to neutral phase voltage changed by the second sample of digital phase phase current changed by which a first sample of intermediate energy product is calculated. multiplying a second sample of digital phase voltage to phase neutral changed by the first sample of digital phase phase current changed by which to calculate a second sample of intermediate energy product; calculate the notebook for the phase of the energy line for the interval of orthogonality from the first sample of intermediate energy product and the second sample of intermediate energy product from the interval of orthogonality.
16. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step to calculate the amount of vector measurement for the energy line for the orthogonality interval comprises the following step: calculating the volt-ampere-hours of distortion for the power line for the orthogonality interval from the digital to neutral phase voltage samples and the digital phase current samples from the orthogonality interval.
17. A method according to claim 16, wherein the step for calculating the volt-ampere-hours of distortion for the power line for the orthogonality interval comprises the following steps: calculate from the digital phase voltage samples to neutral and digital phase current samples from the orthogonality interval. the energy transferred for each defined phase of the energy line for the orthogonality interval; calculate from the phase-to-neutral voltage samples and the digital phase current samples from the orthogonality interval, the notebook for each defined faee of the energy line for the orthogonality interval; calculating from digital phase voltage from neutral to digital voltage and from digital phase current from the orthogonality interval, the voltage-hours apparent for each defined faee of the energy line for the orthogonality interval; and calculate the volt-ampere-hours of distortion for the energy line for the interval of orthogonality from the energy, the notebook and the voltamperio-hours for the faee of the energy lines for the interval of orthogonality.
18. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step to calculate a vector measurement quantity for the energy line for the orthogonality interval comprises the following step: calculating a distortion energy factor for the energy line for the interval of orthogonality from the digital voltage sample from neutral to neutral and from current to phase from the orthogonality interval.
19. A method according to claim 1, wherein the steps for calculating the vector measurement amount for the power line for the orthogonality interval comprises the steps of: an angoin band that filters the corresponding digital line voltage samples to a line voltage signal to obtain a series of digital fundamental frequency line voltage samples which represents a fundamental frequency component of the detected line voltage signal; and calculating a faee angle between the fundamental frequency component of the detected line voltage signal and a fundamental frequency reference signal.
20. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step to calculate a digital-to-neutral phase voltage sample and the faee current sample is preceded by the step of: identifying a circuit topology of the power line; and wherein the task of calculating a digital-to-neutral voltage meter and a digital-phase current meter comprises the task of calculating a digital-to-neutral phase-voltage sample and a digital phase-stream sample based on the topology. of identified circuit of the power line.
21. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of calculating a neutral current magnitude for the power line from the digital phase current sample.
22. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step for calculating a vector measurement quantity further comprises the step of: comparing the effective line voltage with an expected nominal operating voltage by which the voltage state is calculated line
23. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step for calculating a vector measurement quantity is preceded by the step of: identifying a vector measurement quantity to be measured; and where the step of calculating the vector measurement quantity comprises the step of calculating the identified vector measurement quantity.
24. A vector electricity meter for measuring electricity on a power line that has at least one conducting line, the meter comprising: a voltage detector that detects a line voltage signal on the power line. a current detector that detects a line current signal in the power line; an element, which correlates to the detected line voltage and line current signals to determine an orthogonality range for the line voltage and line current signals detected; an element for converting line voltage and line current signals detected into a digital signal; and a vector calculation element, which responds to the element that determines the interval and to the converter element, to calculate a vector measurement quantity for the energy line for the orthogonality interval. determined from the digital signal.
25. A vector electricity meter according to claim 24, wherein the vectorial calculation element comprises the element for the calculation from the digital signal, a digital signal of corresponding phase-to-neutral voltage and a current signal of digital phase by which defines a faee of the power line.
26. A vector electricity meter according to claim 24, wherein the vector calculating elements further calculates elements for calculating the vector apparent energy for the power line for the orthogonality interval from the apparent apparent voltampere hours for the line of energy for the orthogonality interval.
27. A vector electricity meter according to claim 24, wherein the vector computing element comprises an element to calculate the notebook for the power line for the orthogonality interval from the digital voltage signal from fae to neutral and of the digital phase current signal.
28. A vector electricity meter according to claim 24, wherein the vector computing element comprises elements for calculating the volt-ampere distortion hours for the power line for the orthogonality interval from the digital phase voltage signal to neutral and the digital phase current signal.
29. A vector electricity meter according to claim 24, wherein the element for determining an orthogonality range comprises: an element for producing a fundamental frequency reference signal from the phase-to-neutral voltage signal; and an element that responds to a production element for the step of detecting a predetermined number of cycles of the fundamental frequency reference signal by means of which it determines a range of orthogonality.
30. A vector electricity meter according to claim 29, wherein the processing element comprises: a narrow band filter which filters each voltage signal from phase to neutral to produce a phase-to-neutral frequency signal fundamental; a linear combination element that responds to the narrow band filter, to linearly combine the fundamental frequency neutral to neutral voltage signals to produce a fundamental frequency reference signal.
31. A vector electricity meter according to claim 24, further comprising: a circuit identification element for identifying a circuit topology of an energy line; and the element for calculating a digital phase-to-neutral voltage signal and a digital phase-current signal comprises the element for calculating a digital signal from phase-to-neutral voltage and a digital phase-stream signal based on the identified topology of the energy line.
32. A vector electricity meter according to claim 24, wherein the vector computing element comprises the element for calculating the magnitude of neutral current for the power line from the digital phase current signal.
33. A vector electricity meter according to claim 24, wherein the vector computing element comprises the element for calculating an effective line voltage for a line of the power line for the orthogonality interval from the digital signal .
34. A vector electricity meter according to claim 33, wherein the vectorial computing element further comprises: the element for calculating the phase angle for the line of the energy line from the digital signal, the element, which responds to the element for calculating an effective line voltage and the element for calculating a phase angle, to select from a plurality of previously determined nominal operating voltages, each predetermined nominal operating voltage has an associated nominal phase angle, a The expected nominal operating voltage that approximates the calculated effective line voltage and has an associated nominal phase angle closest to the calculated phase angle.
35. A vector electricity meter according to claim 24, wherein the vector computing element comprises: an element for identifying a vector measurement quantity to be measured; and an element, which responds to the identification element to calculate the identified vector measurement quantity.
36. A vector electricity meter according to claim 1, further comprising: an element for detecting the absence of voltage on a conduction path of the power line; and wherein the element for computing a digital signal from phase to neutral voltage and the digital phase current signal comprises the element for calculating a digital signal from phase to neutral voltage and a digital phase current signal without taking into account the absence of voltage in the energy conduction path.
37. A vector electricity meter for measuring electricity in a power line that has at least two conduction paths, the meter comprising: a voltage detector, which detects a line voltage signal in the power line: a current detector, which detects a line current signal in the power line; an element for determining, from the detected line voltage and the line current signals, a range of orthogonality for the detected line voltage and the line current signals in the power line, - a sampling element, which responds to the voltage detector and the current detector, for sampling the detected line voltage and line current signals at a plurality of consecutive sampling times separated by a previously determined sampling interval by which a plurality of samples is obtained line voltage and line current samples; a sample conversion element, which responds to the sampling element, to convert each line voltage sample to a corresponding digital line voltage sample and each line current sample in a corresponding digital line current sample, and a vector computing element, which responds to the interval determining element and a sample converting element, to calculate a vector measurement quantity for the power line for the orotogonality interval determined from the digital line voltage samples and digital line current sample from the orthogonality interval.
38. A method for measuring the reactive energy for an electric power line, which comprises the following: detecting a voltage signal and a current signal in the power line, - changing the phase of the voltage signal according to a first phase change to obtain a first phase voltage signal changed, - changing the phase of the voltage signal according to a second phase change to obtain a second phase voltage signal changed; changing the phase of the current signal according to a first change of fae to obtain a first changed fae current signal; changing the fae of the current signal according to a second phase change to obtain a second phase current signal changed; multiplying the first phase change voltage signal by the second phase change current signal to obtain a first intermediate energy product signal; multiplying the second phase change voltage signal by the first phase change current signal to obtain a second intermediate energy product signal; and adding the first intermediate energy product signal and the second intermediate energy product signal to obtain an output signal representing the reactive energy for the energy line over a previously determined frequency range.
39. A system for measuring reactive energy for an electric power line comprising: a voltage detector which detects a voltage in a power line, - a current detector that detects a current signal in the power line; a first phase change element, which responds to the voltage detector, to change the phase of the voltage signal according to the first phase change to obtain a first phase change voltage signal, - a second change element of phase, which responds to the voltage detector, to change the phase of the voltage signal according to the second change of fae to obtain a second signal of change voltage of fae; a third phase change element, which responds to a current detector, to change the current signal according to the first phase change to obtain a first phase change current signal; a fourth fae changing element, which corresponds to a current detector, to change the current signal according to the second phase change to obtain a second fae change current signal; a first multiplier that reeposes the first phase change element and the fourth phase change element, "which multiplies the first phase change voltage signal by the second phase change current to obtain a first energy product signal intermediate, - a second multiplier that responds to a second phase change element and a third phase change element, which multiplies the second phase change voltage signal by the first fae change current to obtain a second intermediate energy product signal; an adder, "which responds to the first multiplier and the second multiplier, which adds the first intermediate energy product signal and the second intermediate energy product signal to obtain an output signal representing the reactive energy for the line of energy. energy for a previously determined frequency range.
40. A method for producing a fundamental frequency reference signal having a frequency that approximates the fundamental frequency of the current and voltage signals in a power line comprising the steps of: detecting a voltage signal in the line of energy; process the voltage signal detected to produce when low voltage signals from phase to neutral, - a narrow band that filters each voltage signal from phase to neutral to produce a phase-to-neutral voltage of fundamental frequency; and a linear combination of the fundamental frequency phase-neutral voltage signals to produce the fundamental frequency reference signal.
41. A seventh to produce a fundamental frequency reference signal that approximates the frequency of a fundamental component of voltage signals in a power line comprising: a voltage detector that detects a voltage signal in the power line, - an element that responds to the voltage detector, to process the detected voltage signal to produce at least three phases of voltage from phase to neutral; a narrow band filter that responds to the processing element, which filters each voltage signal from phase to neutral to produce a phase-to-neutral voltage of fundamental frequency; and a linear combination element, to linearly combine the fundamental frequency neutral to neutral voltage signals to produce the fundamental frequency reference signal. --asAaucfifi £ l The line voltage and the line current signals are detected in a line of energy that you have when you are driving a line. The detected line voltage and line current are converted into a digital signal. A fae to neutral voltage signal and a faee current signal are calculated from the digital signal by which a phase of the power line is defined. From the current and voltage signals detected, a range of orthogonality is determined, coinciding with the paging of an integral number of cycles of a fundamental frequency reference signal which is calculated from the voltage signal from phase to neutral calculated A vector measurement quantity is calculated for the orthogonality range from the calculated phase-to-neutral voltage signal and the calculated phase current signal. The amount of vector measurement that will be calculated can be identified and calculated based on an associated cap. The vector measurement quantity is also calculated based on an identified circuit topology.