JP2009142130A - Rotating electric machine and drive device for rotating electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively improve the torque of a rotating electric machine in the rotating electric machine and a drive device for the rotating electric machine. <P>SOLUTION: Permanent magnets 26 are disposed in a plurality of portions of the circumferential direction of a rotor 40 so that the adjacent permanent magnets may have different magnetization direction. Rotor windings 42a, 42b are disposed on high-inductance q-axis magnetic paths positioned on the plurality of portions of the circumferential direction of the rotor 40. A one-directional diode 22 and a different-directional diode 24 are connected in parallel to the rotor windings 42a, 42b, via a regular power running connection switch 46 or a reverse rotational connection switch 48, respectively. Any one of the regular power running connection switch 46 and the reverse power running connection switch 48 is connected and the other is disconnected, in response to the rotation direction of the rotor 40 and power running regenerative state, and magnetic pole portions 18 adjacent in the circumferential direction of the rotor 40, of the magnetic pole portions 18 to which the rotor windings 42a, 42b are wound, have different magnetic characteristics. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine in which a stator and a rotor are arranged to face each other, and a rotating electrical machine drive device.

  Conventionally, brushless generators as described in Patent Documents 1 to 4 are known. Moreover, in the generators described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the winding structure is complicated, and it is difficult to reduce the size. In the generators described in Patent Documents 3 and 4, the winding structure is complicated, and it is difficult to efficiently generate induced electromotive force due to the harmonic component of the magnetic field in the field winding of the rotor.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Sho 62-23348 JP-A-4-285454 JP-A-8-65976 JP-A-11-220857

[Prior Invention Invented Prior to the Present Invention]
Inventors including the inventors of the present invention invented the following rotating electrical machine according to the prior invention prior to the present invention. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a rotor constituting the rotating electrical machine according to the prior invention as viewed in a direction parallel to the rotation axis. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a stator arranged in a state of facing the radially outer side of the rotor in the prior invention. As shown in FIG. 12, the rotor 10 includes a rotor core 12 made of a material such as steel, and a plurality of rotor windings 14 n and 14 s disposed at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 12. The rotor core 12 is fixed to the rotating shaft 16.

  Further, each of the rotor windings 14n and 14s is wound around a magnetic pole portion 18 such as a radially extending column portion provided at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 12. The magnetic pole part 18 can also be a salient pole. Among the plurality of rotor windings 14n and 14s, the rotor windings 14n (or 14s) arranged alternately in the circumferential direction of the rotor 10 are electrically connected in series. Further, among the plurality of rotor windings 14n and 14s, the rotor windings 14n and 14s adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the rotor 10 are not electrically connected but are electrically separated from each other. Then, two sets of rotor winding circuits 20a and 20b that are electrically separated from each other are configured by a circuit including a plurality of rotor windings 14n and 14s that are electrically connected to each other.

  Further, a unidirectional diode 22 and a unidirectional diode 24, which are rectifier elements, are connected to the two sets of rotor winding circuits 20a and 20b, respectively, and the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding circuits 20a and 20b is rectified in one direction. is doing. In addition, diodes 22 and 24 are connected to the rotor winding circuits 20a and 20b in opposite directions so that the directions of the currents flowing between the two sets of rotor winding circuits 20a and 20b are opposite to each other. .

  When a current flows through the rotor windings 14n and 14s, the magnetic pole portion 18 around which the rotor windings 14n and 14s are wound is magnetized. Since the directions of currents flowing between the rotor windings 14n and 14s adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the rotor 10 are opposite to each other, the magnetization directions are opposite to each other between the magnetic pole portions 18 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction. For example, N poles are disposed radially outside the plurality of magnetic pole portions 18 generated by the current flowing through the rotor winding 14n, and radially outside the plurality of magnetic pole portions 18 generated by the current flowing through the rotor winding 14s. Is arranged with an S pole. In FIG. 12, arrows arranged on the outer sides in the radial direction of the magnetic pole portions 18 indicate the magnetization directions.

  In addition, permanent magnets 26 are arranged at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor 10 and between the rotor windings 14n and 14s adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction. The permanent magnet 26 can be embedded in the rotor core 12 or exposed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 12. Further, the permanent magnet 26 can be arranged in a V shape inside the rotor core 12. Further, the permanent magnets 26 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the rotor 10 have different magnetization directions. For example, in FIG. 12, the N pole is disposed on the radially outer side of the permanent magnet 26 on which the arrow pointing radially outward is disposed, and the radially outer side of the permanent magnet 26 on which the arrow facing radially inward is disposed. So that the S pole is arranged. In the case of such a rotor 10, the rotor windings 14 n and 14 s are arranged in a q-axis magnetic path having a relatively high inductance L, which is a position corresponding to each magnetic pole portion 18 at a plurality of circumferential positions of the rotor 10. Yes.

  On the other hand, a stator 28 as shown in FIG. Each magnetic pole portion 18 of the rotor 10 shown in FIG. 12 is opposed to the stator 28 in the radial direction. The stator 28 includes a stator core 30 made of steel or the like, and stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w of a plurality of phases (for example, odd phases such as three phases) disposed on the stator core 30. A plurality of teeth 34 projecting radially inward are disposed on the stator core 30 at intervals from each other, and slots 36 are formed between the teeth 34. The stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w of each phase pass through the slot 36 and are wound around the teeth 34 by concentrated short-winding. When a plurality of phases (for example, odd-numbered phases such as three phases) are passed through the plurality of stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w, the teeth 34 are magnetized, and a rotating magnetic field rotating in the circumferential direction of the stator 28 is applied to the teeth 34. It is generated. In the example shown in FIG. 13, one pole pair is constituted by three teeth 34 around which three-phase (u-phase, v-phase, w-phase) stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w are wound, and the stator 28 as a whole. The four-pole three-phase stator windings 32u, 32v, and 32w are wound around the teeth 34. Therefore, the number of pole pairs of the stator 28 is 4 pole pairs.

  Further, the number of pole pairs of the rotor 10 shown in FIG. 12 is equal to the number of pole pairs of the stator 28 (FIG. 13). The rotor windings 14n and 14s are wound around the rotor core 12 with short-pitch winding. In each magnetic pole portion 18, the width of the rotor 10 in the circumferential direction is shorter than the width corresponding to 180 degrees in electrical angle of the rotor 10.

  On the other hand, the distribution of the magnetomotive force that generates the rotating magnetic field in the stator 28 shown in FIG. 13 is caused by the arrangement of the stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w of each phase and the shape of the stator core 30 by the teeth 34 and the slots 36. It does not have a sine wave distribution (of only the fundamental wave), but includes harmonic components. In particular, when the stator windings 32u, 32v, and 32w are wound around the teeth 34 by concentrated winding, the stator windings 32u, 32v, and 32w of the respective phases do not overlap each other and are generated in the magnetomotive force distribution of the stator 28. The amplitude level of the wave component increases. As a result, for example, when the stator windings 32u, 32v, and 32w are three-phase concentrated windings, the amplitude level of the input electrical frequency tertiary component increases as the harmonic component. Such harmonic components generated in the magnetomotive force due to the arrangement of the stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w and the shape of the stator core 30 are called spatial harmonics.

  The rotor 10 shown in FIG. 12 is rotatably arranged inside the stator 28 shown in FIG. 13, and the rotating electrical machine in which the stator 28 and the rotor 10 are opposed to each other in the radial direction rotates as follows. To drive. That is, when a rotating magnetic field (fundamental wave component) generated by the stator 28 by flowing a three-phase alternating current through the three-phase stator windings 32 u, 32 v, and 32 w acts on the rotor 10, among the rotors 10, the rotor The magnetic pole portion 18 around which the windings 14n and 14s are wound is attracted to the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator 28. Therefore, a reluctance torque that is a torque acts on the rotor 10, and the rotor 10 is rotationally driven in synchronization with the rotating magnetic field (fundamental wave component) generated by the stator 28. Even if the winding is not wound on the rotor, if the rotor is provided with a salient pole portion or a portion with low magnetic resistance in the circumferential direction, the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator is A reluctance torque is generated by attracting a portion having a low magnetic resistance.

  Further, when a three-phase alternating current is passed through the three-phase stator windings 32u, 32v, and 32w shown in FIG. 13, the rotating magnetic field generated in the tooth 34 includes a spatial harmonic component. When a rotating magnetic field including spatial harmonic components is linked to the rotor windings 14n and 14s shown in FIG. 12, the rotor windings 14n and 14s have a rotational frequency (fundamental component of the rotating magnetic field). ) Is generated at a frequency different from that of (), and an induced electromotive force is generated in each of the rotor windings 14n and 14s due to the magnetic flux fluctuation. The current flowing through each of the rotor windings 14n and 14s accompanying the generation of the induced electromotive force is rectified by the diodes 22 and 24, so that the same set of rotor winding circuits 20a (or 20b) has the same direction. Flows in opposite directions in different sets of rotor winding circuits 20a, 20b. The currents rectified by the diodes 22 and 24 flow through the rotor windings 14n and 14s, the magnetic pole portions 18 are magnetized, and the magnetic pole portions 18 function as magnets with fixed magnetic poles. In addition, the magnetization directions of the magnetic pole portions 18 are opposite to each other in the magnetic pole portions 18 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the rotor 10.

  And the magnetic field produced | generated by each magnetic pole part 18 interacts with the rotating magnetic field (fundamental wave component) of the teeth 34 (FIG. 13), and attraction | suction and a repulsion effect arise. Also by the electromagnetic interaction (attraction and repulsion action) between the rotating magnetic field (fundamental wave component) of the teeth 34 and the magnetic field of each magnetic pole portion 18, the rotor winding generation torque, which is torque, can be applied to the rotor 10. The rotor 10 is rotationally driven in synchronization with a rotating magnetic field (fundamental wave component) generated by the stator 28 (FIG. 13).

  Further, a rotating magnetic field (fundamental wave component) generated in the teeth 34 by applying a three-phase alternating current to the three-phase stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w shown in FIG. 13 acts on the rotor 10 (FIG. 12). Then, the magnetic field generated by each permanent magnet 26 (FIG. 12) interacts with the rotating magnetic field (fundamental wave component) of the teeth 34, thereby causing attraction and repulsion. Also by the electromagnetic interaction (attraction and repulsion action) between the rotating magnetic field (fundamental wave component) of the teeth 34 and the magnetic field of each permanent magnet 26, the permanent magnet generating torque, which is a torque, can be applied to the rotor 10. 10 is driven to rotate in synchronization with a rotating magnetic field (fundamental wave component) generated by the stator 28.

  As a result, in the rotating electrical machine according to the previous invention, it functions as an electric motor that generates power (mechanical power) in the rotor 10 (FIG. 12) using the power supplied to the stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w (FIG. 13). Can be made. On the other hand, the rotating electrical machine according to the previous invention can be made to function as a generator that generates power in the stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w using the power of the rotor 10. According to such a rotating electrical machine according to the prior invention, the rotor windings 14n and 14s (FIG. 12) are wound around the rotor 10 with short-pitch windings, and the rotor windings 14n and 14s are induced with the induced electromotive force. The current is rectified by the diodes 22 and 24 (FIG. 12). For this reason, the rotor windings 14n, 14s are not provided in the stator 28 and other types of windings other than the rotor windings 14n, 14s are provided in the rotor 10 except for the stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w. Inductive electromotive force due to harmonic components can be generated efficiently, and the winding structure of the rotating electrical machine can be simplified.

  However, in the case of the rotating electrical machine according to such a prior invention, there is still room for improvement in terms of effectively increasing the torque. For example, FIG. 14 is a diagram showing current phase-torque characteristics in the forward and reverse rotations of the rotor in the rotating electrical machine according to the previous invention. In the following description, the same components as those shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 are denoted by the same reference numerals. In FIG. 14, the horizontal axis represents the current advance angle with respect to the rotor 10 position, which is the phase of the alternating current flowing through the stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w, and the vertical axis represents the power running torque of the rotating electrical machine. In addition, when the vertical axis | shaft of FIG. 14 is negative, the torque rotated in the reverse rotation direction acts on the rotor 10, and when using a rotary electric machine as a generator, the electric power obtained when regenerating becomes large. Represents. That is, as the absolute value of the negative value on the vertical axis in FIG. 14 increases, the regenerative torque that is the torque at the time of regeneration increases, and the electric power obtained when regenerating increases.

  In the rotating electrical machine according to the prior invention shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, when the rotor 10 rotates in the normal direction, for example, in the direction of the arrow α in FIG. Is obtained. That is, as the current advance angle increases from 0, the power running torque increases, reaches a maximum near 60 degrees, and gradually decreases and the power running torque becomes negative (that is, the regenerative torque becomes positive). , Minimum at around 180 degrees (regenerative torque is maximum).

  On the other hand, in the rotating electrical machine according to the previous invention, when the rotor 10 rotates in the reverse direction indicated by the arrow β in FIG. 12, for example, a current phase-torque characteristic indicated by a broken line in FIG. 14 is obtained. That is, as the current advance angle increases from 0, the power running torque gradually decreases and becomes negative, then becomes minimum at around 135 degrees (that is, the regenerative torque becomes maximum), and then gradually increases. As is clear from the comparison between the torque characteristic during forward rotation and the torque characteristic during reverse rotation shown in FIG. 14, the maximum value of the power running torque is larger than that during reverse rotation during forward rotation of the rotor. The maximum regenerative torque is reduced. In other words, when the rotor rotates in the reverse direction, the maximum value of the regenerative torque is larger than that during the forward rotation, but the maximum value of the power running torque is small.

  Next, the reason why the torque characteristic becomes this will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the current phase-torque characteristics during normal rotation of the rotor, divided into permanent magnet generation torque, reluctance torque, and rotor winding generation torque. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing current phase-torque characteristics at the time of reverse rotation of the rotor divided into permanent magnet generation torque, reluctance torque, and rotor winding generation torque. The meanings represented by the vertical and horizontal axes in FIGS. 15 and 16 are the same as those described in the case of FIG. 15 and 16, the broken line a represents the permanent magnet generation torque Tmg, the alternate long and short dash line b represents the reluctance torque Tre, and the two-dot chain line c represents the rotor winding generation torque Tcoil. The rotor winding generation torque Tcoil is obtained by applying a spatial harmonic component of a magnetomotive force generated by flowing a three-phase alternating current to the stator windings 32u, 32v, and 32w to the rotor windings 14n and 14s. The torque is due to the current induced in the windings 14n and 14s. In FIGS. 15 and 16, the solid line d represents the total torque Tall including the permanent magnet generation torque Tmg, the reluctance torque Tre, and the rotor winding generation torque Tcoil.

  Next, the torques Tmg, Tre, Tcoil, and Tall shown in FIG. 15 will be described during powering of the rotating electrical machine. As shown in FIG. 15, during forward rotation of the rotor 10, assuming that the current advance angle is 0 degree and the permanent magnet generation torque Tmg is maximum, the permanent magnet generation torque Tmg decreases as the current advance angle increases. , Minimum at 180 degrees. On the other hand, in the same case, the reluctance torque Tre increases as the current advance angle increases from 0 degree, reaches a maximum at 45 degrees, and then gradually decreases and reaches a minimum at 135 degrees. In the same case, the rotor winding generation torque Tcoil increases as the current advance angle increases from 0 degree, reaches a maximum at 90 degrees, and gradually decreases. As shown in FIG. 12, the magnetic pole portion 18 that is magnetized in the same direction as the permanent magnet 26 when the current flows through the rotor windings 14 n and 14 s is rotated in the forward direction of the rotor 10. Is based on the fact that the permanent magnet 26 is positioned in front of the traveling direction. As a result, the total torque Tall shown in FIG. 15 that coincides with the torque characteristics during forward rotation shown in FIG. 14 becomes maximum when the current advance angle is around 45 degrees, and becomes minimum when the current advance angle is around 165 degrees.

  Similarly, the powering of the rotating electrical machine will be described. As shown in FIG. 12, when the rotor 10 rotates in the reverse direction, current flows through the rotor windings 14 n and 14 s so that it is magnetized in the same direction as the permanent magnet 26. The magnetic pole portion 18 is located behind the permanent magnet 26 in the traveling direction with respect to the rotation direction of the rotor 10. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 16, when the current advance angle is 0 degree and the permanent magnet generation torque Tmg is the maximum when the rotor 10 is rotated in reverse, the rotor winding generation torque Tcoil has a current advance angle of 0 degree. As it increases, it decreases at a negative value, reaches a minimum at 90 degrees, and gradually increases. Although illustration is omitted, when the current advance angle is reduced from 0 degree, the rotor winding generation torque Tcoil gradually increases with a positive value and becomes maximum at −90 degrees. That is, when viewed from the current phase-torque characteristics of FIGS. 15 and 16, the rotor winding generation torque Tcoil is reversed in positive and negative at the time of reverse rotation with respect to the normal rotation. As a result, the total torque Tall of the rotor 10 shown in FIG. 16, which matches the torque characteristics during reverse rotation shown in FIG. 14, is maximized when the current advance angle is around 15 degrees, and is minimized when the current advance angle is around 135 degrees. Become. Further, the maximum value of the power running torque at the time of reverse rotation of the rotor 10 is smaller than the maximum value of the power running torque at the time of forward rotation, but the maximum value of the regenerative torque at the time of reverse rotation of the rotor 10 is the regenerative torque at the time of normal rotation. Larger than the maximum value of. As a result, the torque characteristic of the rotating electrical machine according to the previous invention becomes the current phase-torque characteristic shown in FIG. 14, and the maximum value of the power running torque and the regenerative torque of the rotor 10 during forward rotation and reverse rotation The maximum value is different.

  Thus, in the case of the rotating electrical machine according to the prior invention shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the power running torque and the regenerative torque differ depending on the rotation direction of the rotor 10. For example, the power running torque can be sufficiently generated. However, there is a possibility that the rotor 10 is limited during normal rotation. For this reason, there exists room for improvement from the surface used as a rotary electric machine which demonstrates high performance in both forward rotation and reverse rotation, for example, a motor. The same applies to the regenerative torque when the rotating electrical machine is used as a generator. In the case of such a rotating electrical machine according to the prior invention, there is room for improvement in terms of effectively increasing the torque.

  In the rotating electrical machine according to the previous invention, for example, when used as a motor, it acts like a synchronous motor. Therefore, in order to generate a stop torque when the rotor 10 is stopped, a magnetic field applied from the stator 28 to the rotor 10 is used. It is necessary to stop the rotation. That is, if a stop torque is to be generated when the rotor 10 is stopped, it is necessary to keep a DC current flowing through the stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w instead of an AC current. For this reason, it will be concentrated on some electric elements, such as a switching element which comprises the inverter etc. which supply electric power to the stator 28, and will continue flowing an electric current for a long time, and it becomes thermally disadvantageous. For this reason, there is room for improvement in terms of effectively increasing the torque of the rotating electrical machine.

  An object of the present invention is to effectively increase the torque of a rotating electrical machine in the rotating electrical machine and the rotating electrical machine drive device.

  The rotating electrical machine and the rotating electrical machine driving apparatus according to the present invention employ the following means in order to achieve the above object.

  A rotating electrical machine according to a first aspect of the present invention is a rotating electrical machine in which a stator having a multi-phase stator winding that generates a rotating magnetic field having a frequency including a harmonic component and a rotor are arranged to face each other. Is a permanent magnet which is arranged in a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor and is magnetized in the radial direction or the axial direction of the rotor, wherein the permanent magnets are different from each other in the circumferential direction, and the rotor The rotor windings are arranged in q-axis magnetic paths with high inductance located at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor, and an induced electromotive force is generated by the linkage of the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator, and for each rotor winding Two rectifiers and other rectifiers that are connected in parallel and rectify currents flowing through the rotor windings in the opposite directions as the induced electromotive force is generated, and the directions of the currents flowing through the rotor windings. Switchable Comprising a switching means, the magnetic characteristics of a plurality of magnetic pole portions that are generated by each rotor winding, a rotating electrical machine, characterized in that makes it possible to alternately different in the circumferential direction of the rotor.

  In the rotating electrical machine according to the first aspect of the present invention, preferably, the rotor winding is wound at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor with short-pitch winding.

  In the rotating electrical machine according to the first aspect of the present invention, preferably, the rotor winding is wound between permanent magnets adjacent in the circumferential direction at a plurality of circumferential positions of the rotor.

  In the rotating electrical machine according to the first aspect of the present invention, preferably, the rotor winding is wound between permanent magnets adjacent in the circumferential direction at a plurality of circumferential positions of the rotor.

  Further, in the rotating electrical machine according to the first aspect of the present invention, preferably, the switching means is provided in two for each rotor winding so as to be arranged in series with respect to the one-way rectifying element and the other-direction rectifying element, respectively. A switch is provided that can connect and disconnect the electrical connection between each of the one-way rectifying element and the other-directional rectifying element and the rotor winding.

  In the rotating electrical machine according to the first aspect of the present invention, preferably, the rotor windings are electrically connected to each other wound around the magnetic pole portions having the same magnetic characteristics.

  Further, the rotating electrical machine drive device according to the first invention of the present invention includes a rotating electrical machine according to the first invention of the present invention, and each rotor winding by a switching means corresponding to the rotational direction and the power running regeneration state of the rotor. And a controller that switches a direction of a current flowing through the wire.

  A rotating electrical machine according to a second aspect of the present invention is a rotating electrical machine in which a stator having a multi-phase stator winding that generates a rotating magnetic field having a frequency including a harmonic component and a rotor are arranged to face each other. The rotor is wound at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor, and a rotor winding in which an induced electromotive force is generated by interlinking of a rotating magnetic field generated by the stator, and a rectifying element side switching means is provided on each rotor winding. A rectifying element that rectifies the current flowing in each rotor winding as the induced electromotive force is generated so that the magnetic properties of the magnetic pole portions generated by the rotor windings adjacent in the circumferential direction are different from each other; A rotating electrical machine comprising: a short circuit connected to each rotor winding in parallel to the rectifying element via a short circuit switching means.

  Further, the rotating electrical machine drive device according to the second invention of the present invention includes a rotating electrical machine according to the second invention of the present invention and a short circuit with the rectifying element side switching device by the switching device corresponding to the rotational state of the rotor. And a controller that switches connection / disconnection with the roadside switching means.

  A rotating electrical machine according to a third aspect of the present invention is a rotating electrical machine in which a stator having a multi-phase stator winding that generates a rotating magnetic field having a frequency including a harmonic component and a rotor are arranged to face each other. The rotor is wound at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor, and a rotor winding in which an induced electromotive force is generated by interlinking of rotating magnetic fields generated by the stator, and two in parallel with each rotor winding It is possible to switch the direction of the current flowing in each rotor winding, and the one-way rectifying element and the other direction rectifying element that rectify currents flowing in each rotor winding in the opposite directions with the generation of the induced electromotive force, In addition, the rotating electrical machine includes a switching unit that allows current to flow through each rotor winding in both directions.

  A rotating electrical machine drive device according to a third aspect of the present invention includes a rotating electrical machine according to the second aspect of the present invention and a rotor winding connected to each rotor winding by connection of switching means corresponding to the rotational state of the rotor. And a controller that enables current to flow in both directions.

  According to the present invention, the torque of the rotating electrical machine can be effectively increased. For example, according to the first aspect of the invention, the direction of the current flowing through each rotor winding is switched by the switching means according to the rotation direction and the power running regeneration state of the rotor, so that regardless of the rotor rotation direction and the power running regeneration state. The torque can be effectively increased by appropriately setting the current phase-torque characteristics. For example, when the power running torque is increased, the power running torque can be increased both during the forward rotation of the rotor and during the reverse rotation of the rotor. Further, when the regenerative torque is increased, it can be increased both when the rotor is rotating forward and when the rotor is rotating backward. Therefore, it is possible to realize a rotating electrical machine that can obtain high torque in both forward and reverse rotations of the rotor.

  According to the second invention, when the rotation of the rotor is stopped, each rotor winding is short-circuited via the short-circuit path switching means and the short-circuit path, and the connection between each rotor winding and the rectifying element is disconnected. Thus, the rotating electrical machine including the rotor can be operated as an induction machine. In this case, the current flowing through the rotor winding is not rectified in one direction and can flow in both directions. Further, the rotation stop torque of the rotor can be obtained based on the rotating magnetic field generated by passing an alternating current through the stator winding when the rotation of the rotor is stopped. For this reason, it is not necessary to concentrate on a part of electric elements such as switching elements constituting an inverter or the like for supplying electric power to the stator, and it becomes thermally advantageous. Therefore, the torque when the rotor stops rotating can be effectively increased.

  Further, according to the third aspect of the invention, the switching unit, when stopping the rotation of the rotor, allows the current to flow through each rotor winding in both directions, thereby rotating the rotating electrical machine including the rotor as in the second aspect. Can act as an induction machine. Further, the rotation stop torque of the rotor can be obtained based on the rotating magnetic field generated by passing an alternating current through the stator winding when the rotation of the rotor is stopped. For this reason, it is not necessary to concentrate on a part of electric elements such as switching elements constituting an inverter or the like for supplying electric power to the stator, and it is possible to effectively increase the torque when the rotation of the rotor is stopped. Thus, according to the present invention, the torque of the rotating electrical machine can be effectively increased.

[First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rotating electrical machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention viewed from a direction parallel to a rotation axis. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the schematic configuration of the rotor of FIG. 1 viewed from a direction parallel to the rotation axis. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a circuit in which a rotor winding and a diode are connected. FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a rotating electrical machine drive device that drives the rotating electrical machine according to the first embodiment. FIG. 5 shows a state in which some diodes are connected to both sides of the rotor winding in order to make the torque characteristic of the rotating electrical machine a power running torque advantageous characteristic during forward rotation and a regenerative torque advantageous characteristic during reverse rotation. It is the schematic corresponding to. FIG. 6 shows a state in which some diodes are connected to both sides of the rotor winding in order to make the torque characteristics of the rotating electrical machine a power running torque advantageous characteristic at the time of reverse rotation and a regenerative torque advantageous characteristic at the time of forward rotation. It is the schematic corresponding to. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the current phase-torque characteristics of the rotating electrical machine by power running torque advantageous characteristics and regenerative torque advantageous characteristics.

  The rotating electrical machine 38 of the present embodiment includes a stator 28 fixed to a casing (not shown), and a rotor 40 that is disposed to face the stator 28 in a radial direction with a predetermined gap therebetween and is rotatable with respect to the stator 28. FIG. 1 to FIG. 2 show an example of a radial type rotating electrical machine 38 in which the stator 28 and the rotor 40 are arranged so as to face each other in the radial direction, and the rotor 40 is arranged inside the stator 28 in the radial direction. ing. The stator 28 has odd-phase stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w such as a three-phase wound around a plurality of teeth 34. For example, a three-phase alternating current is applied to the three-phase stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w. By flowing, a rotating magnetic field having a frequency including a harmonic component is generated in the teeth 34. The main feature of the present embodiment is the structure of the rotor 40, and the configuration and operation of the stator 28 are the same as those of the stator 28 according to the prior invention shown in FIGS. The same reference numerals are given to the portions, and overlapping descriptions are omitted or simplified.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the rotor 40 is disposed at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 12, the rotor core 12, the wound rotor windings 42 a and 42 b, and a permanent configuration disposed at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor 40. A magnet 26. The rotor 40 is fixed to the rotating shaft 16. Magnetic pole portions 18 such as pillar portions extending in the radial direction are formed at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 12, and the rotor windings 42 a and 42 b are wound around the magnetic pole portions 18. The permanent magnets 26 are disposed at a plurality of portions in the circumferential direction of the rotor 40 that are separated from the magnetic pole portion 18 in the circumferential direction. The permanent magnet 26 is magnetized in the radial direction of the rotor 40, and the magnetizing direction is made different between the permanent magnets 26 adjacent in the circumferential direction of the rotor 40. 1, 2, 5, and 6, the arrow disposed on the permanent magnet 26 represents the magnetization direction. In addition, the permanent magnet 26 can also be arrange | positioned in the V shape which spreads from inner side toward the outer side regarding the radial direction of the rotor 40, for example. Note that the magnetic pole portion 18 can also be constituted by salient poles or the like arranged so as to extend in the radial direction at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor 40.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the rotor core 12 has different magnetic salient pole characteristics in the circumferential direction. Of the rotor 40, a magnetic path having a high inductance L that is in the circumferential direction and is located at the same position as the magnetic pole portion 18 in the circumferential direction is defined as a q-axis magnetic path and coincides with each permanent magnet 26 in the circumferential direction. When a magnetic path with a low inductance L is a d-axis magnetic path, the rotor windings 42 a and 42 b are arranged in q-axis magnetic paths located at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor 40.

  Further, the rotor windings 42a and 42b wound around the magnetic pole portions 18 are not electrically connected to each other and are separated (insulated). Two rectifying elements are provided for each of the electrically separated rotor windings 42a and 42b, and the unidirectional diode 22 and the omnidirectional diode 24, which are a unidirectional rectifying element and an omnidirectional rectifying element, respectively. Each is connected in parallel. Further, between one side of the one-way diode 22 connected to a part of the other rotor windings 42a in the circumferential direction of the rotor 40 and a part of the rotor windings 42a, and to the remaining rotor windings 42b. Between one side of the connected other direction diode 24 and the remaining rotor winding 42b, there is provided a forward power running connection switch 46 that constitutes a switching means 44 (FIG. 3).

  Further, between one side of the other-direction diode 24 connected to a part of the other rotor windings 42a in the circumferential direction of the rotor 40 and a part of the rotor windings 42a, and to the remaining rotor windings 42b. Between one side of the connected one-way diode 22 and the remaining rotor winding 42b, there is provided a reverse power running connection switch 48 that constitutes a switching means 44 (FIG. 3). As shown in FIG. 3, two switching means 44 are provided for each of the rotor windings 42 a and 42 b so as to be arranged in series with respect to the one-way diode 22 and the other-direction diode 24, respectively. And a forward power running connection switch 46 and a reverse power running connection switch 48 capable of connecting / disconnecting the electrical connection between each side of the diode 24 and the rotor windings 42a, 42b. In a state where the forward power running connection switch 46 or the reverse power running connection switch 48 is connected, the rotor windings 42 a and 42 b are short-circuited via the one-way diode 22 or the other-direction diode 24. As a result, the current flowing through the rotor windings 42a and 42b is rectified in one direction.

  When a direct current corresponding to the rectification direction of the diodes 22 and 24 flows through the rotor windings 42a and 42b, the magnetic pole portion 18 (FIGS. 1 and 2) around which the rotor windings 42a and 42b are wound is magnetized. This magnetic pole part 18 functions as a magnet with a fixed magnetic pole. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the forward power running connection switch 46 and the reverse power running connection switch 48 provided in the rotor windings 42 a and 42 b are both switching elements such as transistors. As shown in FIG. 3, when a signal for connection is input to one of the connection switches 46 and 48, the connection switches 46 and 48 are connected, and the one-way diode 22 or the rotor windings 42a and 42b are connected to each of the rotor windings 42a and 42b. A current flows in one direction through the other direction diode 24. The one-way diode 22 and the other-direction diode 24 have a function of flowing current through the rotor windings 42a and 42b in opposite directions. The switching means 44 can switch the direction of the current flowing through each rotor winding 42a, 42b. The forward power running connection switch 46 and the reverse power running connection switch 48 may be switching elements such as relays.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the rotating electrical machine drive device 50 of the present embodiment includes the rotating electrical machine 38, a power storage device 52, an inverter 54, and a control device 56 that is a control unit. The power storage device 52 is provided as a direct current power source and is chargeable / dischargeable, and is constituted by, for example, a secondary battery. The inverter 54 includes a switching element (not shown), and converts the DC power from the power storage device 52 into an odd-phase AC, such as a three-phase, by a switching operation of the switching element, thereby forming a stator winding 32u that constitutes the stator 28. , 32v, and 32w can be supplied with electric power. The control device 56 controls the switching operation of the switching elements constituting the inverter 54, and controls the phase of the alternating current (current advance angle) flowing through the stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w, thereby increasing the torque of the rotor 40. Control.

  In addition, the control device 56 can input a signal for connection or disconnection to each of the connection switches 46 and 48. The control device 56 selects which of the forward power running connection switch 46 and the reverse power running connection switch 48 the connection signal is input at least when the rotor 40 rotates. Specifically, when the rotor 40 is rotated forward, that is, when the rotor 40 is rotated in the direction of the arrow α in FIGS. 2 and 5, when the rotating electrical machine 38 (FIGS. 1 and 3) is powered, The forward power running connection switch 46 is connected, and all the reverse power running connection switches 48 are disconnected. Thereby, the connection state between the rotor windings 42a and 42b and the diodes 22 and 24 is as shown in FIG. In this case, the current phase-torque characteristic of the rotating electrical machine 38 becomes a power running torque advantageous characteristic as indicated by a solid line γ in FIG. That is, the maximum value of the power running torque can be increased. In other words, in this case, in the case of the prior invention shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the current shown by the solid line in FIG. 14 is obtained when the rotor 40 is rotated in the direction of arrow α in FIG. Similar to the phase-torque characteristics, the maximum value of the power running torque can be increased. In FIG. 5, the direction of the arrow arranged outside the rotor windings 42a and 42b with respect to the radial direction of the rotor 40 represents the magnetization direction (the same applies to FIG. 6 described later). In this case, the magnetic pole portion 18 that is magnetized in the same direction as the permanent magnet 26 by the current flowing through the rotor windings 42 a and 42 b is more advanced than the permanent magnet 26 in the rotational direction of the rotor 40. Located on the front side.

  Further, when the rotor 40 is rotated in the reverse direction, that is, when the rotor 40 is rotated in the direction of the arrow β in FIGS. 2 and 6 and the rotating electrical machine 38 (FIGS. 1 and 3) is powered, all the reverse power running connections are performed. The switch 48 is connected, and all the forward power running connection switches 46 are disconnected. Thereby, the connection state between the rotor windings 42a and 42b and the diodes 22 and 24 is as shown in FIG. In this case as well, the current phase-torque characteristic of the rotating electrical machine 38 becomes a power running torque advantageous characteristic as indicated by a solid line γ in FIG. 7 despite the fact that the rotor 40 rotates in the reverse direction. That is, the maximum value of the power running torque can be increased. That is, in this case, the rotation of the rotor 40 is in the reverse direction (the direction of arrow β in FIG. 6), but the direction of the current flowing through the rotor windings 42a and 42b is opposite to that in FIG. For this reason, the magnetic pole part 18 magnetized in the same direction as the permanent magnet 26 is located on the front side in the traveling direction with respect to the rotation direction of the rotor 40. Therefore, the torque characteristic of the rotating electrical machine 38 is obtained when the rotor 40 is rotated in the forward rotation direction (arrow α direction) in FIG. 5 and when the rotor 40 is rotated in the reverse rotation direction (arrow β direction) in FIG. Will be the same. As a result, regardless of the rotation direction of the rotor 40, the maximum value of the power running torque can be increased as shown by the solid line γ in FIG.

  Further, when the rotor 40 is rotated in the forward direction, that is, when the rotor 40 is rotated in the direction of the arrow α in FIGS. 2 and 6, when the rotating electrical machine 38 (FIGS. 1 and 3) is regenerated, all the reverse power running is performed. The connection switch 48 is connected, and all the normal rotation power running connection switches 46 are disconnected. Thereby, the connection state between the rotor windings 42a and 42b and the diodes 22 and 24 is as shown in FIG. In this case, the current phase-torque characteristic of the rotating electrical machine 38 is a regenerative torque advantageous characteristic as indicated by a broken line δ in FIG. That is, the maximum value of the regenerative torque can be increased. In other words, in this case, in the case of the prior invention shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the current shown by the broken line in FIG. 14 obtained when the rotor 40 is rotated in the direction of arrow β in FIG. Similar to the phase-torque characteristics, the maximum value of the regenerative torque can be increased. In this case, when a current flows through the rotor windings 42 a and 42 b, the magnetic pole portion 18 magnetized in the same direction as the permanent magnet 26 is behind the permanent magnet 26 in the traveling direction with respect to the rotation direction of the rotor 40. Located in.

  Further, when the rotor 40 is rotated in the reverse direction, that is, when the rotor 40 is rotated in the direction of the arrow β in FIGS. 2 and 5, and when the rotating electrical machine 38 (FIGS. 1 and 3) is regenerated, The connection switch 46 is connected, and all the reverse power running connection switches 48 are disconnected. Thereby, the connection state between the rotor windings 42a and 42b and the diodes 22 and 24 is as shown in FIG. Also in this case, the current phase-torque characteristic of the rotating electrical machine 38 is a regenerative torque advantageous characteristic as indicated by a broken line δ in FIG. That is, the maximum value of the regenerative torque can be increased. In other words, in this case, the rotation of the rotor 40 is in the reverse direction (the direction of arrow β in FIG. 5), but the direction of the current flowing through the rotor windings 42a and 42b is opposite to that in FIG. The magnetic pole portion 18 magnetized in the same direction as the permanent magnet 26 is located behind the permanent magnet 26 in the traveling direction with respect to the rotation direction of the rotor 40. Therefore, when the rotor 40 is rotated in the forward rotation direction (arrow α direction) in FIG. 6 and when the rotor 40 is rotated in the reverse rotation direction (arrow β direction) in FIG. The characteristics are the same. As a result, regardless of the rotation direction of the rotor 40, the maximum value of the regenerative torque can be increased as shown by the broken line δ in FIG. As described above, the switches 22 and 24 are connected and disconnected so that the maximum value can be obtained by the power running torque or the regenerative torque according to the rotation direction of the rotor 40 and the power running regenerative state.

  Such switching of the connection / disconnection state between the forward rotation power running connection switch 46 and the reverse rotation power running connection switch 48 is performed by inputting a signal from the control device 56 shown in FIG. To do. The control device 56 receives signals representing the rotation direction of the rotor 40, the rotation state, and the power running regeneration state. The control device 56 changes the rotation direction, rotation state, and power running regeneration state of the rotor 40 represented by this signal. Based on this, it is determined which of the switches 46 and 48 is to be connected and which is to be disconnected, and a signal corresponding to this determination is input to at least a part of each of the switches 46 and 48. For this purpose, for example, signals for switching the switches 46 and 48 can be transmitted from the stator 28 side to the rotor 40 side via a signal transmission means. The signal transmission means includes, for example, a sliding contact switching means constituted by a brush (not shown) fixed to the stator 28 side and a slip ring (not shown) fixed to the rotor 40 side, a light emitting element and a light receiving element. It is configured by a photocoupler (not shown), a signal transmission winding (not shown) provided on the stator 28 side and the rotor 40 side, and the like. The control device 56 switches the direction of the current flowing through the rotor windings 42 a and 42 b by using the switches 46 and 48 according to the rotation direction of the rotor 40.

  In this way, by switching the connection / disconnection state between the forward power running connection switch 46 and the reverse power running connection switch 48, the direct current directions of the rotor windings 42a and 42b adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the rotor 40 are opposite to each other. Become a direction. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the magnetization directions of the magnetic pole portions 18 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the rotor 40 are opposite to each other. That is, in the present embodiment, the magnetic characteristics of the magnetic pole portions 18 can be alternately changed with respect to the circumferential direction of the rotor 40. For example, in FIG. 5, N poles are arranged on the radially outer side of every other magnetic pole part 18 in the circumferential direction of the rotor 40, and S is placed on the radially outer side of the magnetic pole part 18 adjacent to the N pole magnetic pole part 18 in the circumferential direction. Make sure the poles are placed. Further, in FIG. 6, the S pole is disposed on the radially outer side of the magnetic pole portion 18 in which the N pole is disposed in FIG. 5, and the N pole is disposed on the radially outer side of the magnetic pole portion 18 in which the S pole is disposed in FIG. 5. To be placed. The two magnetic pole portions 18 (N pole and S pole) adjacent in the circumferential direction of the rotor 40 constitute one pole pair. In the example shown in FIGS. 2, 5, and 6, the 8-pole magnetic pole portion 18 is formed, and the number of pole pairs of the rotor 40 is 4 pole pairs. Further, the number of pole pairs of the stator 28 (FIG. 1) and the number of pole pairs of the rotor 40 are all four, and the number of pole pairs of the stator 28 and the number of pole pairs of the rotor 40 are equal. However, the number of pole pairs of the stator 28 and the number of pole pairs of the rotor 40 may be other than four pole pairs.

  In the present embodiment, the width of each magnetic pole portion 18 in the circumferential direction of the rotor 40 is set to be shorter than the width corresponding to 180 ° in terms of the electrical angle of the rotor 40. The width θ (FIG. 2) of each rotor winding 42a, 42b in the circumferential direction is set to be shorter than the width corresponding to 180 ° in terms of the electrical angle of the rotor 40. The rotor windings 42a, 42b 18 is wound with a short winding.

  In such a rotating electrical machine, a rotating magnetic field having a frequency including a harmonic component generated in the teeth 34 (FIG. 1) by flowing a three-phase alternating current through the three-phase stator windings 32 u, 32 v, 32 w is generated in the rotor 40. Act on. Accordingly, reluctance torque, permanent magnet generation torque, and rotor winding generation torque act on the rotor 40, and the rotor 40 rotates in synchronization with the rotating magnetic field (fundamental wave component) generated by the stator 28. To drive. Such an operation is the same as in the case of the rotating electrical machine according to the prior invention shown in FIGS. For example, in each of the rotor windings 42a and 42b, an induced electromotive force is generated by the linkage of the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator 28. Further, the one-way diode 22 and the other-direction diode 24 rectify currents flowing through the rotor windings 42a and 42b in the opposite directions with the generation of the induced electromotive force.

  According to the rotating electrical machine and the rotating electrical machine driving apparatus of this embodiment, the torque of the rotating electrical machine 38 can be effectively increased. That is, by switching the forward rotation power running connection switch 46 and the reverse rotation power running connection switch 48 according to the rotation direction of the rotor 40 and the power running regeneration state, by switching the direction of the current flowing through each rotor winding 42a, 42b, Regardless of the rotation direction of the rotor 40 and the power running regeneration state, the torque can be effectively increased by appropriately setting the current phase-torque characteristics. For example, when the power running torque is increased, it can be increased both when the rotor 40 rotates forward and when the rotor 40 rotates backward. Further, when the regenerative torque is increased, it can be increased both when the rotor 40 is rotating forward and when the rotor 40 is rotating backward. Therefore, it is possible to realize the rotating electrical machine 38 that can obtain a high torque in both forward and reverse rotations of the rotor 40.

  Further, when the rotation of the rotor 40 is stopped, the control device 56 performs control so that all of the forward rotation power running connection switch 46 and the reverse rotation power running connection switch 48 are connected, so that the current flows through the rotor windings 42a and 42b. The current is not rectified in one direction. In this case, the rotating electrical machine 38 can be operated as an induction machine, not as a synchronous machine, and based on the rotating magnetic field generated by passing an alternating current through the stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w, the rotor A rotation stop torque of 40 can be obtained. For this reason, it is not necessary to concentrate on some electric elements, such as the switching element which comprises the inverter 54 which supplies the electric power to the stator 28, and to continue flowing an electric current for a long time. That is, among the plurality of electric elements, the electric element through which the current flows changes. For this reason, it becomes thermally advantageous, and the torque when the rotation of the rotor 40 is stopped can be effectively increased.

  Further, when the rotor 40 is rotated, the current flowing through the rotor windings 42a and 42b also when controlled by the control device 56 so that all of the forward power running connection switch 46 and the reverse power running connection switch 48 are connected. Is not rectified in one direction. Also in this case, the rotating electrical machine 38 can be operated as an induction machine, not as a synchronous machine. In this case, by driving the rotating electrical machine 38 with voltages of different power supply frequencies that are not synchronized with the rotation of the rotor 40, an induced current flows through the rotor windings 42a and 42b.

  The rotor windings 42a and 42b are wound around the rotor 40 at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction with short-pitch windings, and the induced currents generated by the induced electromotive force in the rotor windings 42a and 42b are rectified by the diodes 22 and 24. . For this reason, the rotor windings 42a and 42b are not provided in the stator 28 and other types of windings other than the rotor windings 42a and 42b, respectively, in the stator 28, except for the stator windings 32u, 32v, and 32w. Inductive electromotive force due to harmonic components can be efficiently generated, and the winding structure of the rotating electrical machine 38 can be simplified.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram corresponding to FIG. 2 in the second embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, among the plurality of rotor windings 42a and 42b, some of the rotor windings 42a arranged every other in the circumferential direction of the rotor 40a are electrically connected in series, and 1 in the circumferential direction. The remaining rotor windings 42b arranged every other are electrically connected in series. That is, the rotor windings 42a (or 42b) wound around the magnetic pole portion 18 functioning as a magnet magnetized in the same direction are electrically connected in series. Further, the rotor windings 42a and 42b wound around the magnetic pole portions 18 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the rotor 40a are electrically separated. The circuit including the rotor winding 42a (or 42b) electrically connected to each other constitutes two sets of rotor winding circuits 57a and 57b that are electrically separated from each other. That is, the rotor windings 42a and 42b are wound around the magnetic pole portion 18 having the same magnetic characteristics and are electrically connected.

  In addition, a unidirectional diode 22 and a directional diode 24, which are rectifier elements, are connected in parallel to the rotor windings 42a and 42b, respectively, to the two sets of rotor winding circuits 57a and 57b. The direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding circuits 57a and 57b can be rectified in one direction. In addition, a forward power running connection switch 46 is provided between one side of the one-way diode 22 provided in one rotor winding circuit 57a and the rotor winding 42a of the two sets of rotor winding circuits 57a and 57b. . Further, a reverse power running connection switch 48 is provided between one side of the other direction diode 24 provided in one rotor winding circuit 57a and the rotor winding 42a. On the other hand, a reverse power running connection switch 48 is provided between one side of the one-way diode 22 provided in the other rotor winding circuit 57b of the two sets of rotor winding circuits 57a and 57b and the rotor winding 42b. Further, a forward rotation power running connection switch 46 is provided between one side of the other direction diode 24 provided in the other rotor winding circuit 57b and the rotor winding 42b. A signal from the rotating electrical machine 38 (see FIGS. 1 and 3) is input to at least a part of each of the switches 46 and 48 in accordance with the rotation direction, the rotation state, and the power running regeneration state of the rotor 40a. One of the rolling power connection switch 46 and the reverse power running connection switch 48 is connected and the other is disconnected. Since other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first embodiment, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping illustrations and descriptions are omitted.

[Third Embodiment]
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram corresponding to FIG. 2 in the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram of a rotating electrical machine driving apparatus that drives the rotating electrical machine according to the third embodiment. The rotor 40b constituting the rotating electrical machine 38 (FIG. 10) of the present embodiment is the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, and the permanent magnet 26 provided on the rotor 40 is omitted. Yes. Further, the rotor windings 42a and 42b wound around the magnetic pole portions 18 are not electrically connected to each other and are separated (insulated). Of the rotor windings 42a and 42b that are electrically separated, the unidirectional diode 22 that is a rectifying element is connected to the rotor winding 42a via a one-side switch 58 that is a rectifying element side switching means. . Further, the directional diode 24, which is a rectifying element, is connected to the rotor winding 42b via a one-side switch 58, which is a rectifying element side switching means.

  Further, among the rotor windings 42a and 42b, the diodes 22 (or 24) connected to the rotor windings 42a (or 42b) arranged at every other circumferential direction of the rotor 40b have the same current flowing direction. The diodes 22 and 24 connected to the rotor windings 42a and 42b adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the rotor 40b are made to have different current flowing directions. The configuration of the one-side switch 58 is the same as, for example, the forward rotation power running connection switch 46 and the reverse rotation power running connection switch 48 in the case of the first embodiment. The diodes 22 and 24 rectify the currents flowing through the rotor windings 42a and 42b as the induced electromotive force is generated from the stator 28 (FIG. 10), so that the magnetic pole portions 18 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction are rectified. The magnetic properties should be different from each other.

  In addition, a short circuit 60 is connected to each of the rotor windings 42a and 42b in parallel to the diodes 22 and 24 via the other side switch 62, which is a short circuit switching means. The configuration of the other side switch 62 is also the same as that of the forward power running connection switch 46 and the reverse power running connection switch 48 in the case of the first embodiment, for example. In this embodiment, unlike the above-described embodiments, since the permanent magnet 26 is not provided, the rotating electrical machine 38 is connected regardless of the rotation direction of the rotor 40b with the one-side switch 58 connected. The current phase-torque characteristics of (FIG. 10) do not change.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the rotating electrical machine drive device 50 according to the present embodiment includes the rotating electrical machine 38, a power storage device 52, an inverter 54, and a control device 56 that is a control unit. The control device 56 controls the torque of the rotor 40b by controlling the switching operation of the switching element of the inverter 54 and controlling the phase (current advance angle) of the alternating current flowing through the stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w. . Further, the control device 56 receives a signal indicating the rotation state of the rotor 40b, and connects one of the one-side switch 58 and the other-side switch 62 and disconnects the other in accordance with the rotation state based on this signal. In addition, a signal is input to at least a part of each of the switches 58 and 62. That is, the control device 56 switches connection / disconnection between the one-side switch 58 and the other-side switch 62 in accordance with the rotational state of the rotor 40b. Specifically, when the rotor 40b rotates, the one-side switch 58 is connected and the other-side switch 62 is disconnected. On the other hand, when the rotation of the rotor 40b is stopped, the other side switch 62 is connected and the one side switch 58 is disconnected. Thus, when the rotation of the rotor 40b is stopped, the rotor windings 42a and 42b are short-circuited via the other side switch 62 and the short circuit 60, and the connection between the rotor windings 42a and 42b and the diodes 22 and 24 is established. Disconnected. Thereby, the rotary electric machine 38 including the rotor 40b can be operated as an induction machine. In this case, the current flowing through the rotor windings 42a and 42b is not rectified in one direction and can flow in both directions. Further, the rotation stop torque of the rotor 40b can be obtained based on the rotating magnetic field generated by passing an alternating current through the stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w when the rotation of the rotor 40b is stopped. For this reason, it is not necessary to concentrate on some electric elements, such as the switching element which comprises the inverter 54 which supplies the electric power to the stator 28, and to continue flowing an electric current for a long time. That is, among the plurality of electric elements, the electric element through which the current flows changes. For this reason, it becomes advantageous thermally and the torque at the time of the rotation stop of the rotor 40b can be made high effectively. Since other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 described above, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping illustrations and descriptions are omitted.

[Fourth Embodiment]
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram corresponding to FIG. 2 in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the rotor 40c constituting the rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment, the permanent magnet 26 provided in the rotor 40 is omitted in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. In the case of this embodiment as well, as in the third embodiment shown in FIG. 9 to FIG. 10 described above, the forward power running connection switch 46 or the reverse power running connection that constitutes the switching means, respectively. With the switch 48 connected, the current phase-torque characteristics do not change regardless of the rotational direction of the rotor 40c.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the control device 56 (see FIG. 4) controls the forward rotation power running connection switch 46 and the reverse rotation power running connection switch 48 to be connected when the rotation of the rotor 40c is stopped. That is, the control device 56 makes it possible for current to flow through the rotor windings 42a and 42b in both directions by the connection of the switching means 44 (see FIG. 4) corresponding to the rotational state of the rotor 40c. For this reason, the current flowing through the rotor windings 42a and 42b is not rectified in one direction. In this case, the rotating electrical machine 38 (see FIG. 4) can be operated not as a synchronous machine but as an induction machine, and by passing an alternating current through the stator windings 32u, 32v, 32w (see FIG. 4). The rotation stop torque of the rotor 40c can be obtained based on the generated rotating magnetic field. For this reason, it is not necessary to concentrate the current on a part of electric elements such as a switching element constituting the inverter 54 that supplies electric power to the stator 28 (see FIG. 4) and keep the current flowing for a long time. That is, among the plurality of electric elements, the electric element through which the current flows changes. For this reason, it becomes advantageous thermally and the torque at the time of the rotation stop of the rotor 40c can be made high effectively. Since other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 described above, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping illustrations and descriptions are omitted.

  In each of the above-described embodiments, the case where the stator 28 and the rotors 40, 40a, 40b, and 40c are disposed to face each other in the radial direction orthogonal to the rotation shaft 16 has been described. However, the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention is similarly applied to an axial rotating electrical machine in which the stator 28 and the rotors 40, 40a, 40b, and 40c are arranged to face each other in the direction parallel to the rotating shaft 16 (rotating shaft direction). Is possible. In this case, for example, the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnet is the axial direction of the rotor, and the magnetizing direction is made different between the permanent magnets adjacent in the circumferential direction of the rotor. Further, the magnetization direction of the plurality of magnetic pole portions generated by the current flowing through the rotor winding is set as the axial direction of the rotor, and the magnetization direction of the plurality of magnetic pole portions is alternately changed with respect to the circumferential direction of the rotor.

It is the schematic which looked at the rotary electric machine of the 1st Embodiment of this invention from the direction parallel to a rotating shaft. It is the schematic which looked at schematic structure of the rotor of FIG. 1 from the parallel direction with the rotating shaft. It is a figure which shows the circuit which connected the rotor winding and the diode. It is a schematic block diagram of the rotary electric machine drive device which drives the rotary electric machine of 1st Embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram corresponding to FIG. 2 showing a state in which some of the diodes are connected to both sides of the rotor winding in order to make the torque characteristics of the rotating electrical machine be a power running torque advantageous characteristic during forward rotation and a regenerative torque advantageous characteristic during reverse rotation. It is. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram corresponding to FIG. 2, showing a state in which some diodes are connected to both sides of the rotor winding in order to make the torque characteristics of the rotating electrical machine be a power running torque advantageous characteristic during reverse rotation and a regenerative torque advantageous characteristic during forward rotation. It is. It is a figure which shows the electric current phase-torque characteristic of a rotary electric machine with a power running torque advantageous characteristic and a regenerative torque advantageous characteristic, respectively. In the 2nd Embodiment of this invention, it is the schematic corresponding to FIG. In the 3rd Embodiment of this invention, it is the schematic corresponding to FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the rotary electric machine drive device which drives the rotary electric machine of 3rd Embodiment. In the 4th Embodiment of this invention, it is the schematic corresponding to FIG. It is a figure which shows schematic structure which looked at the rotor which comprises the rotary electric machine which concerns on a prior invention in the direction parallel to a rotating shaft. In prior invention, it is a figure which shows schematic structure of the stator arrange | positioned in the state which opposes the radial direction outer side of the rotor. In the rotary electric machine which concerns on a prior invention, it is a figure which shows the electric current phase-torque characteristic in the normal rotation and reverse rotation of a rotor. It is a figure which shows the electric current phase-torque characteristic at the time of the normal rotation of a rotor divided into permanent magnet production | generation torque, reluctance torque, and rotor winding production | generation torque. It is a figure which shows the electric current phase-torque characteristic at the time of the reverse rotation of a rotor divided into permanent magnet production | generation torque, reluctance torque, and rotor winding production | generation torque.

Explanation of symbols

  10 rotor, 12 rotor core, 14n, 14s rotor winding, 16 rotating shaft, 18 magnetic pole, 20a, 20b rotor winding circuit, 22 unidirectional diode, 24 other directional diode, 26 permanent magnet, 28 stator, 30 stator core, 32u , 32v, 32w Stator winding, 34 teeth, 36 slots, 38 Rotating electric machine, 40, 40a, 40b, 40c Rotor, 42a, 42b Rotor winding, 44 switching means, 46 Forward power running connection switch, 48 Reverse power running Connection switch, 50 rotary electric machine drive device, 52 power storage device, 54 inverter, 56 control device, 57a, 57b rotor winding circuit, 58 one-side switch, 60 short circuit, 62 other-side switch.

Claims (10)

A rotating electrical machine in which a stator having a multi-phase stator winding that generates a rotating magnetic field having a frequency including a harmonic component and a rotor are disposed opposite to each other,
The rotor
Permanent magnets that are arranged in a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor and are magnetized in the radial direction or axial direction of the rotor, wherein the permanent magnets are different from each other in the circumferential direction,
Rotor windings that are arranged in q-axis magnetic paths with high inductance located at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor, and in which an induced electromotive force is generated by the linkage of rotating magnetic fields generated by the stator,
A unidirectional rectifying element and an omnidirectional rectifying element that are connected in parallel to each rotor winding, and rectify currents flowing through the rotor windings in the opposite directions as the induced electromotive force is generated;
Switching means for enabling switching of the direction of the current flowing through each rotor winding;
A rotating electrical machine characterized in that magnetic characteristics of a plurality of magnetic pole portions generated by a current flowing through each rotor winding can be alternately changed in the circumferential direction of the rotor. In the rotating electrical machine according to claim 1,
The rotor winding is wound around the rotor in a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction with short-pitch winding. In the rotating electrical machine according to claim 1 or 2,
The rotating electrical machine is characterized in that the rotor winding is wound between permanent magnets adjacent in the circumferential direction at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor. The rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Switching means
Two pieces are provided for each rotor winding so as to be arranged in series with each of the one-way rectifying element and the other-direction rectifying element, and between each of the one-way rectifying element and the other-direction rectifying element and the rotor winding. A rotating electrical machine comprising a switch capable of connecting and disconnecting electrical connection. The rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The rotating electrical machine is characterized in that the rotor windings are electrically connected with each other wound around magnetic pole portions having the same magnetic characteristics. The rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A rotating electrical machine drive device comprising: a control unit that switches a direction of a current flowing through each rotor winding by a switching unit in accordance with a rotation direction of the rotor and a power running regeneration state. A rotating electrical machine in which a stator having a multi-phase stator winding that generates a rotating magnetic field having a frequency including a harmonic component and a rotor are disposed opposite to each other,
The rotor
A rotor winding wound around a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor, and an induced electromotive force is generated by the linkage of rotating magnetic fields generated by the stator,
Magnetic characteristics of the magnetic pole part generated by the rotor windings adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction by connecting the current to each rotor winding via the rectifying element side switching means to the respective rotor windings, Rectifying elements that rectify so that they differ from each other;
A rotating electric machine comprising: a short circuit connected to each rotor winding in parallel to the rectifying element via a short circuit switching means. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 7,
A rotating electrical machine drive device comprising: a control unit that switches connection / disconnection between the rectifying element side switching unit and the short circuit path side switching unit by the switching unit according to the rotation state of the rotor. A rotating electrical machine in which a stator having a multi-phase stator winding that generates a rotating magnetic field having a frequency including a harmonic component and a rotor are disposed opposite to each other,
The rotor
A rotor winding wound around a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the rotor, and an induced electromotive force is generated by the linkage of rotating magnetic fields generated by the stator,
A unidirectional rectifying element and an omnidirectional rectifying element that are connected in parallel to each rotor winding, and rectify currents flowing through the rotor windings in the opposite directions as the induced electromotive force is generated;
A rotating electrical machine comprising switching means capable of switching a direction of a current flowing through each rotor winding and allowing a current to flow through each rotor winding in both directions. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 9,
A rotating electrical machine driving device comprising: a control unit that allows current to flow in each rotor winding in both directions by connection of switching means corresponding to a rotating state of the rotor.

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