JP2009017720A - Power conversion device - Google Patents

Power conversion device Download PDF

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JP2009017720A
JP2009017720A JP2007178400A JP2007178400A JP2009017720A JP 2009017720 A JP2009017720 A JP 2009017720A JP 2007178400 A JP2007178400 A JP 2007178400A JP 2007178400 A JP2007178400 A JP 2007178400A JP 2009017720 A JP2009017720 A JP 2009017720A
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voltage
power supply
inverter
power source
power
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JP4669860B2 (en
JP2009017720A5 (en
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Yoshihiro Hatakeyama
善博 畠山
Kiyomitsu Iwasaki
清光 岩崎
Masaki Yamada
正樹 山田
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To decrease the frequency and the periods of time of backup operations, using an AC power source interrupted by extending a period of time of using electric power from the AC power source, even with drop in the power source voltage, in an uninterruptible power supply that supplies stable electric power, even at voltage abnormality of the AC power source. <P>SOLUTION: A first inverter 4 is connected, in parallel between the AC power source 1 and a load 2. A second inverter 5 is connected, in series, closer to the load side than the first inverter 4. When the power source voltage is in order, the fluctuations of the power source voltage are compensated by the second inverter 5. If the fluctuated portion of the power source voltage exceeds a predetermined voltage 18a, based on the capacitor voltage of the second inverter 5, the power source 1 is cut off by switching off a change-over switch 6 and the backup operations are carried out by using the first and second inverters 4, 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

この発明は、交流電源から負荷に供給される交流電力の電圧変動を抑制すると共に、停電時にも負荷に電力供給が可能な無停電電源装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an uninterruptible power supply that can suppress fluctuations in the voltage of AC power supplied from an AC power supply to a load and can supply power to the load even during a power failure.

従来の無停電電源装置は、受電点にスイッチと停電検出手段とを有し、並列インバータと、この並列インバータとスイッチとの接続点と負荷への給電点との間に交流側が直列に接続された直列インバータと、並列インバータと直列インバータとの双方の直流側に接続されたエネルギ蓄積部とを備える。電源が健全時には、スイッチを導通させ負荷への給電点へ電力供給し、並列インバータは受電電流制御を行う。そして、電源電圧が設定値を下回ると停電と判定し、スイッチを開いて並列インバータから負荷への給電点に電力を供給し、直列インバータにて電圧調整する（例えば、特許文献１参照）。   A conventional uninterruptible power supply has a switch and a power failure detection means at a power receiving point, and the AC side is connected in series between a parallel inverter, a connection point between the parallel inverter and the switch, and a power supply point to a load. And an energy storage unit connected to the DC side of both the parallel inverter and the series inverter. When the power supply is healthy, the switch is turned on to supply power to the power supply point to the load, and the parallel inverter performs power reception current control. And if a power supply voltage falls below a setting value, it will determine with a power failure, will open a switch, will supply electric power to the feeding point from a parallel inverter to a load, and will adjust voltage with a series inverter (for example, refer patent document 1).

また、従来の無停電電源装置の別例では、商用電源が健全なときは、商用電源が負荷に給電され、停電を検知すると無停電電源装置を起動し、バッテリ供電に切り替える（例えば、非特許文献１参照）。   In another example of the conventional uninterruptible power supply, when the commercial power is healthy, the commercial power is supplied to the load, and when a power failure is detected, the uninterruptible power supply is activated and switched to battery power supply (for example, non-patent Reference 1).

特開２００４−９６８３１号公報JP 2004-96831 A 無停電電源装置（ＵＰＳ）導入実践ガイド、電気書院、１９８９年２月２５日Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) introduction practice guide, Denki Shoin, February 25, 1989

上記特許文献１記載の無停電電源装置は、電源電圧が設定値を下回ると停電と判定し、スイッチを開いて電源を切り離し、エネルギ蓄積部の電力で負荷へ電力供給している。エネルギ蓄積部は電源電圧が健全時に電源から充電されるが、停電時には放電のみとなり負荷へ安定した電力供給を行うバックアップ運転を長時間継続するのは困難であった。
また、上記非特許文献２のようにバッテリを用いても、停電検出の度にバッテリ供電に切り替わり、バッテリの寿命に悪影響を与えるものであった。 The uninterruptible power supply described in Patent Document 1 determines that a power failure occurs when the power supply voltage falls below a set value, opens the switch, disconnects the power supply, and supplies power to the load with the power of the energy storage unit. The energy storage unit is charged from the power supply when the power supply voltage is healthy, but it is difficult to continue the backup operation for a long time, which is only discharged during a power failure and stably supplies power to the load.
Further, even if a battery is used as in Non-Patent Document 2, the battery is switched to power supply each time a power failure is detected, which adversely affects the battery life.

この発明は、上記のような問題点を解消するために成されたものであって、無停電電源装置において、交流電源の異常時にも交流電源から電力利用する期間を延長し、交流電源を遮断して行うバックアップ運転の頻度および期間を低減することを目的とする。   The present invention was made to solve the above problems, and in an uninterruptible power supply, even when the AC power supply is abnormal, it extends the period of using the power from the AC power supply and shuts off the AC power supply. The purpose is to reduce the frequency and period of backup operation.

この発明に係る無停電電源装置は、交流電源と負荷との間に並列に接続され、第１の直流電源からの直流電力を交流電力に変換する第１のインバータと、上記第１の直流電源より低電圧の第２の直流電源からの直流電力を交流電力に変換し、その交流側が、上記第１のインバータよりも上記負荷側で上記交流電源と該負荷との間に直列接続される第２のインバータと、上記交流電源と上記第２のインバータの交流側とに直列接続されて該交流電源を開閉する切換スイッチと、上記交流電源の電圧を監視する第１の電圧検出部と、上記第２の直流電源の電圧を監視する第２の電圧検出部と、上記第１のインバータ、上記第２のインバータおよび上記切換スイッチを制御する制御装置とを備える。上記制御装置は、
上記交流電源の基準電圧からの電圧変動を上記第１の電圧検出部の出力から得て、該電圧変動を、上記第２の電圧検出部にて検出される上記第２の直流電源の電圧に基づいて決定される所定電圧と比較する。そして、上記交流電源の電圧変動が上記所定電圧以下の時、上記切換スイッチを閉じて、上記第２のインバータから上記交流電源の電圧変動を補償する電圧を出力させ、該補償電圧を上記交流電源電圧に重畳させて上記負荷に出力する。また、上記交流電源の電圧変動が上記所定電圧を超える時、上記切換スイッチを開いて、上記第１のインバータと上記第２のインバータの各発生電圧の和により上記負荷に出力するものである。 An uninterruptible power supply according to the present invention includes a first inverter that is connected in parallel between an AC power supply and a load, converts DC power from the first DC power supply to AC power, and the first DC power supply. DC power from a second DC power source having a lower voltage is converted into AC power, and the AC side is connected in series between the AC power source and the load on the load side of the first inverter. Two inverters, a changeover switch that is connected in series to the AC power source and the AC side of the second inverter to open and close the AC power source, a first voltage detector that monitors the voltage of the AC power source, and A second voltage detection unit that monitors a voltage of the second DC power supply; and a control device that controls the first inverter, the second inverter, and the changeover switch. The control device
The voltage fluctuation from the reference voltage of the AC power supply is obtained from the output of the first voltage detector, and the voltage fluctuation is converted into the voltage of the second DC power supply detected by the second voltage detector. It compares with the predetermined voltage determined based on. When the voltage fluctuation of the AC power supply is equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage, the changeover switch is closed and a voltage for compensating the voltage fluctuation of the AC power supply is output from the second inverter, and the compensation voltage is supplied to the AC power supply. It is superimposed on the voltage and output to the load. Further, when the voltage fluctuation of the AC power source exceeds the predetermined voltage, the change-over switch is opened and output to the load by the sum of the voltages generated by the first inverter and the second inverter.

この発明によると、交流電源の電圧が変動しても、第２のインバータからの補償電圧を交流電源電圧に重畳させて負荷に安定電力を供給する期間を延長することができ、交流電源を遮断して行うバックアップ運転の頻度および期間を低減できる。   According to this invention, even if the voltage of the AC power supply fluctuates, the period for supplying stable power to the load can be extended by superimposing the compensation voltage from the second inverter on the AC power supply voltage, and the AC power supply is shut off. Thus, the frequency and period of backup operation performed can be reduced.

実施の形態１．
以下、この発明の実施の形態１による無停電電源装置を図に基づいて説明する。
図１（ａ）は、この発明の実施の形態１による無停電電源装置の概略構成図である。
図１（ａ）に示すように、単相の交流電源１と単相の負荷２との間に接続された無停電電源装置３の主回路は、それぞれ単相インバータから成る第１のインバータ４と第２のインバータ５とを備える。第１のインバータ４は、交流側を交流電源１と負荷２との間に連系リアクトル１３を介して並列に接続され、第２のインバータ５は、交流側が交流電源１と負荷２との間に直列接続される。
第１、第２のインバータ４、５はそれぞれ独立した第１、第２の直流電源としての第１、第２のコンデンサ４ａ、５ａを備え、第１のコンデンサ４ａの電圧は第２のコンデンサ５ａの電圧よりも高いものとする。第１、第２のインバータ４、５は、図１（ｂ）で示すように、ダイオードを逆並列に接続した複数個のＭＯＳＦＥＴ等の自己消弧型半導体スイッチング素子から成る例えばフルブリッジインバータで構成される。自己消弧型半導体スイッチング素子はＭＯＳＦＥＴ以外にも、ＩＧＢＴ、ＧＣＴ、ＧＴＯ、トランジスタ等でも、また自己消弧機能がないサイリスタ等でも強制転流動作が可能であればよい。 Embodiment 1 FIG.
Hereinafter, an uninterruptible power supply according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1A is a schematic configuration diagram of an uninterruptible power supply according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the main circuit of the uninterruptible power supply 3 connected between the single-phase AC power source 1 and the single-phase load 2 is a first inverter 4 composed of a single-phase inverter. And a second inverter 5. The first inverter 4 is connected in parallel between the AC power source 1 and the load 2 via the interconnection reactor 13, and the second inverter 5 has an AC side between the AC power source 1 and the load 2. Connected in series.
The first and second inverters 4 and 5 include first and second capacitors 4a and 5a as independent first and second DC power supplies, respectively, and the voltage of the first capacitor 4a is the second capacitor 5a. It is assumed that the voltage is higher than As shown in FIG. 1B, the first and second inverters 4 and 5 are constituted by, for example, full-bridge inverters composed of self-extinguishing semiconductor switching elements such as a plurality of MOSFETs in which diodes are connected in antiparallel. Is done. The self-extinguishing type semiconductor switching element may be an IGBT, GCT, GTO, transistor, or the like, or a thyristor without a self-extinguishing function, as long as it can perform forced commutation.

また、第１のコンデンサ４ａと第２のコンデンサ５ａとは、双方向の電力授受が可能な絶縁型のＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を介して接続され、第２のコンデンサ５ａは第１のコンデンサ４ａからＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を介して電力供給されて所定の電圧に制御される。第１のコンデンサ４ａは、外部のバッテリ１０と充放電回路９を介して接続されて、バッテリ１０からの電力が供給される。
また、第２のインバータ５は、第１のインバータ４よりも負荷２側に接続され、第２のインバータ５の負荷２側に、出力フィルタ１４となるリアクトル１４ａおよびコンデンサ１４ｂを配設する。 The first capacitor 4a and the second capacitor 5a are connected via an insulated DC / DC converter 8 capable of bidirectional power transfer, and the second capacitor 5a is connected to the first capacitor 4a. Power is supplied through the DC / DC converter 8 and controlled to a predetermined voltage. The first capacitor 4 a is connected to the external battery 10 via the charge / discharge circuit 9 and is supplied with power from the battery 10.
The second inverter 5 is connected to the load 2 side of the first inverter 4, and a reactor 14 a and a capacitor 14 b serving as the output filter 14 are disposed on the load 2 side of the second inverter 5.

また、無停電電源装置３は、交流電源１と第２のインバータ５の交流側とに直列接続されて交流電源１を開閉する切換スイッチ６を備える。この切換スイッチ６は、後述するように、交流電源１が停電した場合にこれをオフすることで交流電源１と負荷２とを切り離すもので、それぞれダイオード６ａ、６ｂを逆並列に接続した２個の半導体スイッチング素子６ｃ、６ｄを互いに逆極性に直列接続して構成する。この場合、半導体スイッチング素子６ｃ、６ｄには、ＭＯＳＦＥＴ、ＩＧＢＴ等の自己消弧型半導体スイッチング素子が用いられる。   The uninterruptible power supply 3 includes a changeover switch 6 that is connected in series to the AC power supply 1 and the AC side of the second inverter 5 to open and close the AC power supply 1. As will be described later, this change-over switch 6 disconnects the AC power source 1 and the load 2 by turning off the AC power source 1 when a power failure occurs, and is provided with two diodes 6a and 6b connected in antiparallel. The semiconductor switching elements 6c and 6d are connected in series with opposite polarities. In this case, self-extinguishing semiconductor switching elements such as MOSFETs and IGBTs are used for the semiconductor switching elements 6c and 6d.

また、無停電電源装置３は、交流電源１の電圧を監視するための第１の電圧検出部としての電源電圧検出器１１と、第２のコンデンサ５ａの電圧を監視するための第２の電圧検出部としての電圧検出器１２と、制御装置としての制御回路７とを備える。電源電圧検出器１１からの電源電圧信号１１ａおよび電圧検出器１２からのコンデンサ電圧信号１２ａは制御回路７に入力され、制御回路７は、第１、第２のインバータ４、５および切換スイッチ６を制御する。第１、第２のインバータ４、５は、各半導体スイッチング素子にゲート駆動回路（図示なし）が個別に設けられ、制御回路７内のインバータ駆動回路（図示なし）からの信号を受けて、半導体スイッチング素子のゲートに電圧を印加するためのパルス電圧を作成する。   The uninterruptible power supply 3 also includes a power supply voltage detector 11 as a first voltage detector for monitoring the voltage of the AC power supply 1 and a second voltage for monitoring the voltage of the second capacitor 5a. A voltage detector 12 as a detection unit and a control circuit 7 as a control device are provided. The power supply voltage signal 11a from the power supply voltage detector 11 and the capacitor voltage signal 12a from the voltage detector 12 are input to the control circuit 7, which controls the first and second inverters 4, 5 and the changeover switch 6. Control. Each of the first and second inverters 4 and 5 is provided with a gate drive circuit (not shown) in each semiconductor switching element, and receives a signal from an inverter drive circuit (not shown) in the control circuit 7. A pulse voltage for applying a voltage to the gate of the switching element is created.

次に、無停電電源装置３の動作および制御回路７による制御について以下に説明する。
図２は、制御回路７における切換スイッチ６を制御するスイッチ制御部を示す図であり、図３は、無停電電源装置３の動作を説明する各部の波形図である。
交流電源１から無停電電源装置３に入力される電源電圧は、電源電圧検出器１１にて検出され、第２のコンデンサ５ａの電圧は電圧検出器１２にて検出される。そして、電源電圧検出器１１からの電源電圧信号１１ａおよび電圧検出器１２からのコンデンサ電圧信号１２ａは、制御回路７内のスイッチ制御部に入力される。スイッチ制御部は、図２に示すように減算器１５と比較器１６とを有し、基準電圧として保持している出力電圧の目標波形（出力目標波形）１７からの電源電圧の変動分を減算器１５にて演算し、第２のコンデンサ５ａの電圧に基づいて決定される所定電圧１８ａと電源電圧の変動分とを比較器１６にて比較し、切換スイッチ６への切換信号１６ａを出力する。 Next, the operation of the uninterruptible power supply 3 and the control by the control circuit 7 will be described below.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a switch control unit that controls the changeover switch 6 in the control circuit 7, and FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram of each part for explaining the operation of the uninterruptible power supply 3.
The power supply voltage input from the AC power supply 1 to the uninterruptible power supply 3 is detected by the power supply voltage detector 11, and the voltage of the second capacitor 5 a is detected by the voltage detector 12. The power supply voltage signal 11 a from the power supply voltage detector 11 and the capacitor voltage signal 12 a from the voltage detector 12 are input to the switch control unit in the control circuit 7. The switch control unit includes a subtractor 15 and a comparator 16 as shown in FIG. 2, and subtracts the fluctuation of the power supply voltage from the output voltage target waveform (output target waveform) 17 held as the reference voltage. The comparator 15 compares the predetermined voltage 18a determined based on the voltage of the second capacitor 5a with the fluctuation of the power supply voltage by the comparator 16, and outputs a switching signal 16a to the selector switch 6. .

比較器１６に入力される所定電圧１８ａは、コンデンサ電圧信号１２ａの電圧値を乗算器１８にてα倍して演算する。αは理想的には１であるが、余裕を持たせるために１未満、例えば０．９に設定する。比較器１６では、電源電圧の変動分が所定電圧１８ａ以下の時には、切換スイッチ６をオンする切換信号１６ａを出力し、電源電圧の変動分が所定電圧１８ａを超える時には、切換スイッチ６をオフする切換信号１６ａを出力する。
図３に示すように、電源電圧が時刻ｔ１にて低下し始め、出力目標波形１７からの電源電圧の変動分が、時刻ｔ２にて上記所定電圧１８ａを超えると、切換スイッチ６への切換信号１６ａは時刻ｔ２にて切り替わり、切換スイッチ６はオンからオフになる。この場合、切換スイッチ６の２個の半導体スイッチング素子６ｃ、６ｄは、同時にオンして導通させ、同時にオフして遮断させる。 The predetermined voltage 18 a input to the comparator 16 is calculated by multiplying the voltage value of the capacitor voltage signal 12 a by α by the multiplier 18. α is ideally 1, but is set to less than 1, for example, 0.9 to provide a margin. The comparator 16 outputs a switching signal 16a for turning on the changeover switch 6 when the fluctuation of the power supply voltage is equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage 18a, and turns off the changeover switch 6 when the fluctuation of the power supply voltage exceeds the predetermined voltage 18a. The switching signal 16a is output.
As shown in FIG. 3, when the power supply voltage starts to decrease at time t1, and the fluctuation amount of the power supply voltage from the output target waveform 17 exceeds the predetermined voltage 18a at time t2, a switching signal to the changeover switch 6 is obtained. 16a switches at time t2, and the changeover switch 6 turns from on to off. In this case, the two semiconductor switching elements 6c and 6d of the changeover switch 6 are simultaneously turned on and conducted, and simultaneously turned off and blocked.

切換スイッチ６がオンして導通状態にあるとき、制御回路７は、第２のインバータ５を、電源電圧の変動分を補償する補償電圧を出力するように制御する。第２のインバータ５は、第２のコンデンサ５ａを入力としてＰＷＭ制御され、その交流出力電圧である補償電圧は電源電圧に重畳されて負荷２に供給される。また、第１のインバータ４の直流側の第１のコンデンサ４ａは、交流電源１から第１のインバータ４を介して充放電される。
切換スイッチ６がオフして交流電源１が切り離されると、第１のインバータ４と第２のインバータ５とは交流側が直列に接続され、制御回路７は、第１、第２のインバータ４、５の各発生電圧の和によって、負荷２に出力目標波形１７と同等な電圧を出力するように制御する。この場合、第１、２のインバータ４、５は、どちらもＰＷＭ制御しても良いが、電圧の大きな第１のインバータ４から半周期に１パルスの電圧出力させ、出力目標波形１７との差分を第２のインバータ５をＰＷＭ制御して出力させても良い。交流電源１を切り離して行うバックアップ運転時には、必要に応じてバッテリ１０から充放電回路９を介して第１のコンデンサ４ａに充電する。 When the change-over switch 6 is turned on and in the conductive state, the control circuit 7 controls the second inverter 5 so as to output a compensation voltage that compensates for the fluctuation of the power supply voltage. The second inverter 5 is PWM-controlled with the second capacitor 5a as an input, and the compensation voltage, which is the AC output voltage, is superimposed on the power supply voltage and supplied to the load 2. Further, the first capacitor 4 a on the direct current side of the first inverter 4 is charged / discharged from the alternating current power supply 1 through the first inverter 4.
When the changeover switch 6 is turned off and the AC power supply 1 is disconnected, the first inverter 4 and the second inverter 5 are connected in series on the AC side, and the control circuit 7 includes the first and second inverters 4, 5. Is controlled so that a voltage equivalent to the output target waveform 17 is output to the load 2. In this case, both the first and second inverters 4 and 5 may be PWM-controlled, but a voltage of one pulse is output from the first inverter 4 having a large voltage in a half cycle, and the difference from the output target waveform 17 The second inverter 5 may be output by PWM control. At the time of backup operation performed with the AC power supply 1 disconnected, the first capacitor 4a is charged from the battery 10 via the charge / discharge circuit 9 as necessary.

以上のように、この実施の形態では、交流電源１の電圧変動を、第２のコンデンサ５ａの電圧に基づいて決定される所定電圧１８ａと比較し、電圧変動分が所定電圧１８ａを超えると切換スイッチ６をオフして交流電源１を切り離し、バックアップ運転を行う。このため、所定電圧１８ａを、第２のコンデンサ５ａの電圧に基づいて適切に設定することにより、電源電圧が変動しても第２のインバータ５の出力電圧で補償可能な間は、第２のインバータ５の出力電圧を電源電圧に重畳させることで負荷２に安定電力を供給し、バックアップ運転を回避できる。
第２のコンデンサ５ａは、第１のコンデンサ４ａからＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を介して電力供給されて所定の電圧に制御されるが、電源電圧の変動分を補償するために第２のインバータ５から電圧が出力されるため、短期間で見ると電圧変化する。このため、電源電圧の変動分と比較する所定電圧１８ａを、仮に一定の電圧値に予め設定すると、電圧変化を考慮してかなり低く設定する必要がある。その場合、電源電圧の変動分が、第２のインバータ５で補償可能であっても、切換スイッチ６をオフして交流電源１を切り離し、早めにバックアップ運転に移行してしまう。 As described above, in this embodiment, the voltage fluctuation of the AC power supply 1 is compared with the predetermined voltage 18a determined based on the voltage of the second capacitor 5a, and switching is performed when the voltage fluctuation exceeds the predetermined voltage 18a. The switch 6 is turned off to disconnect the AC power source 1 and perform a backup operation. For this reason, by appropriately setting the predetermined voltage 18a based on the voltage of the second capacitor 5a, the second voltage can be compensated for by the output voltage of the second inverter 5 even if the power supply voltage fluctuates. By superimposing the output voltage of the inverter 5 on the power supply voltage, stable power can be supplied to the load 2 and backup operation can be avoided.
The second capacitor 5a is supplied with electric power from the first capacitor 4a via the DC / DC converter 8 and controlled to a predetermined voltage, but from the second inverter 5 in order to compensate for the fluctuation of the power supply voltage. Since the voltage is output, the voltage changes when viewed in a short period of time. For this reason, if the predetermined voltage 18a to be compared with the variation of the power supply voltage is set to a constant voltage value in advance, it is necessary to set it to be considerably low in consideration of the voltage change. In that case, even if the fluctuation of the power supply voltage can be compensated for by the second inverter 5, the changeover switch 6 is turned off to disconnect the AC power supply 1, and the operation shifts to the backup operation early.

この実施の形態では、第２のコンデンサ５ａの電圧に基づいて所定電圧１８ａを決定するため、第２のコンデンサ５ａの電圧をより有効に利用できる。このため、交流電源１を遮断して行うバックアップ運転の頻度および期間を低減でき、交流電源１から電力利用する期間を延長できると共に、第２のコンデンサ５ａを小型化でき、第２のコンデンサ５ａに電力供給するＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８も小型化できる。また、バックアップ運転の頻度および期間を低減できるため、バッテリ１０から第１のコンデンサ４ａへの電力供給も抑制でき、バッテリ１０の劣化が抑制できる。
また、切換スイッチ６のオン／オフ判定は制御回路７にて高速に判定でき、切換スイッチ６は、ダイオード６ａ、６ｂを逆並列に接続した２個の半導体スイッチング素子６ｃ、６ｄを互いに逆極性に直列接続して構成したため、損失が少なく、高速に切り換えできる。このため、負荷２へ無瞬断にて安定電力を供給できる。 In this embodiment, since the predetermined voltage 18a is determined based on the voltage of the second capacitor 5a, the voltage of the second capacitor 5a can be used more effectively. For this reason, the frequency and period of the backup operation performed by shutting off the AC power supply 1 can be reduced, the period of using power from the AC power supply 1 can be extended, the second capacitor 5a can be downsized, and the second capacitor 5a can be reduced. The DC / DC converter 8 for supplying power can also be reduced in size. Moreover, since the frequency and period of a backup driving | operation can be reduced, the electric power supply from the battery 10 to the 1st capacitor | condenser 4a can also be suppressed, and deterioration of the battery 10 can be suppressed.
Further, the ON / OFF determination of the changeover switch 6 can be made at high speed by the control circuit 7, and the changeover switch 6 makes the two semiconductor switching elements 6c and 6d having the diodes 6a and 6b connected in reverse parallel to each other with opposite polarities. Since they are connected in series, they can be switched at high speed with little loss. For this reason, stable power can be supplied to the load 2 without interruption.

実施の形態２．
次に、図４は、この発明の実施の形態２による無停電電源装置の概略構成図である。
この実施の形態２では、図４に示すように、上記実施の形態１による無停電電源装置３において、交流電源１からの電源電流を検出する電流検出器１９を備え、第１のインバータ４を、切換スイッチ６がオンして交流電源１から負荷２へ電力供給している間に、アクティブフィルタとして動作させる。その他の構成および動作は上記実施の形態１と同様である。
切換スイッチ６は上記実施の形態１と同様に動作し、切換スイッチ６がオンして導通状態にあるとき、制御回路７は、第２のインバータ５を、電源電圧の変動分を補償する補償電圧を出力するように制御すると共に、第１のインバータ４を、アクティブフィルタとして動作させ、負荷２が発生する高調波を相殺する高調波補償電流を出力するように制御する。また、第１のインバータ４の直流側の第１のコンデンサ４ａは、交流電源１から第１のインバータ４を介して充放電される。 Embodiment 2. FIG.
Next, FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of an uninterruptible power supply device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the uninterruptible power supply 3 according to the first embodiment includes a current detector 19 that detects a power supply current from the AC power supply 1, and includes the first inverter 4. While the changeover switch 6 is turned on and power is supplied from the AC power source 1 to the load 2, the switch 6 is operated as an active filter. Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The changeover switch 6 operates in the same manner as in the first embodiment. When the changeover switch 6 is turned on and is in a conductive state, the control circuit 7 causes the second inverter 5 to compensate for the fluctuation of the power supply voltage. And the first inverter 4 is operated as an active filter so as to output a harmonic compensation current that cancels the harmonics generated by the load 2. Further, the first capacitor 4 a on the direct current side of the first inverter 4 is charged / discharged from the alternating current power supply 1 through the first inverter 4.

ところで、一般的な家電製品等は、内蔵の電気回路に直流電源を供給する必要があることから、交流電源から供給される交流電圧を内部で直流電圧に整流して電源を供給している。電力変換手段として、ダイオードを用いた整流回路が多く用いられているが、電圧脈動（リプル）の少ない直流電圧を得るために、電圧平滑用のコンデンサが付加されている。このようなコンデンサインプット型の整流回路が負荷として電源に接続された場合、大きなピーク電流を持つ高調波成分を含有した電流が電源側に流出する。高調波成分を含んだ電流は送電線インピーダンスによる電圧降下を引き起こし、電源電圧ひずみの原因となり、例えば、大容量の場合は進相コンデンサの焼損、小容量の場合はブレーカ誤動作などの障害の原因ともなる。   By the way, since general household appliances etc. need to supply DC power to a built-in electric circuit, the AC voltage supplied from AC power is rectified into DC voltage internally to supply power. As a power conversion means, a rectifier circuit using a diode is often used, but a voltage smoothing capacitor is added in order to obtain a DC voltage with little voltage pulsation (ripple). When such a capacitor input type rectifier circuit is connected to a power source as a load, a current containing a harmonic component having a large peak current flows out to the power source side. Currents containing harmonic components cause voltage drop due to transmission line impedance and cause power supply voltage distortion. Become.

第１のインバータ４によるアクティブフィルタとしての動作について以下に説明する。
アクティブフィルタ（第１のインバータ４）は、交流電源１に高調波電流を流出させないために、交流電源１と負荷２との間に接続され、負荷２が発生する負荷電流に含まれる高調波成分電流を打ち消すような高調波補償電流を出力し、高調波成分を含有した電流が電源側に流出することを抑制し、電源電流を高調波成分の無い正弦波電流とすることができる。制御回路７は、第１のインバータ４から、交流電源１と同等なほぼ正弦波の交流電圧を出力するように制御する。同時に、電流検出器１９にて検出された電源電流が、高調波成分の無い正弦波電流となるように第１のインバータ４から出力する高調波補償電流を制御する。 The operation of the first inverter 4 as an active filter will be described below.
The active filter (first inverter 4) is connected between the AC power source 1 and the load 2 so that the harmonic current does not flow into the AC power source 1, and is included in the load current generated by the load 2. A harmonic compensation current that cancels the current is output, a current containing a harmonic component is prevented from flowing out to the power supply side, and the power supply current can be a sine wave current having no harmonic component. The control circuit 7 controls the first inverter 4 to output a substantially sinusoidal AC voltage equivalent to that of the AC power source 1. At the same time, the harmonic compensation current output from the first inverter 4 is controlled so that the power supply current detected by the current detector 19 becomes a sine wave current having no harmonic component.

以上のように、この実施の形態では、切換スイッチ６がオンして交流電源１から負荷２へ電力供給している間は、第２のインバータ５により交流電源１の電圧変動を補償し、第１のインバータ５により高調波補償電流を発生させて、高調波成分を含有した電流が電源側に流出することを抑制する。このため、負荷２へ安定した電力が供給できると共に、電源電圧の歪みが抑制でき、信頼性が向上する。
そして、電源電圧の変動分を、第２のコンデンサ５ａの電圧に基づいて決定される所定電圧１８ａと比較し、電源電圧の変動分が所定電圧１８ａを超えると切換スイッチ６をオフして交流電源１を切り離し、上記実施の形態１と同様にバックアップ運転を行う。
このため、上記実施の形態１と同様に、第２のコンデンサ５ａの電圧をより有効に利用して、バックアップ運転の頻度および期間を低減でき、交流電源１から電力利用する期間を延長できる。 As described above, in this embodiment, while the changeover switch 6 is turned on and power is supplied from the AC power source 1 to the load 2, the second inverter 5 compensates for the voltage fluctuation of the AC power source 1, and Harmonic compensation current is generated by one inverter 5, and the current containing harmonic components is prevented from flowing out to the power source side. For this reason, stable power can be supplied to the load 2 and distortion of the power supply voltage can be suppressed, thereby improving reliability.
Then, the fluctuation amount of the power supply voltage is compared with a predetermined voltage 18a determined based on the voltage of the second capacitor 5a. When the fluctuation amount of the power supply voltage exceeds the predetermined voltage 18a, the changeover switch 6 is turned off and the AC power supply is turned on. 1 is disconnected, and the backup operation is performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
For this reason, similarly to the first embodiment, the frequency and period of the backup operation can be reduced by using the voltage of the second capacitor 5a more effectively, and the period of using power from the AC power source 1 can be extended.

なお、上記実施の形態１、２では切換スイッチ６をダイオード６ａ、６ｂを逆並列に接続した２個の半導体スイッチング素子６ｃ、６ｄを互いに逆極性に直列接続して構成したが、それに限るものではなく、図５に示すように、機械式スイッチを用いた切換スイッチ２０でも良い。   In the first and second embodiments, the change-over switch 6 is configured by connecting two semiconductor switching elements 6c and 6d in which the diodes 6a and 6b are connected in reverse parallel to each other in series with opposite polarities. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5, a changeover switch 20 using a mechanical switch may be used.

また、上記実施の形態１、２では第１、第２のインバータ４、５はそれぞれ１つの単相インバータにて構成されるものとしたが、それぞれ１〜複数の単相インバータの交流側を直列接続して構成することができる。   In the first and second embodiments, the first and second inverters 4 and 5 are each constituted by one single-phase inverter, but the AC sides of one to a plurality of single-phase inverters are connected in series. Can be connected and configured.

この発明の実施の形態１による無停電電源装置の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the uninterruptible power supply device by Embodiment 1 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態１による制御回路におけるスイッチ制御部を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the switch control part in the control circuit by Embodiment 1 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態１による無停電電源装置の動作を説明する各部の波形図である。It is a wave form diagram of each part explaining operation | movement of the uninterruptible power supply by Embodiment 1 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態２による無停電電源装置の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the uninterruptible power supply by Embodiment 2 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態２の別例による無停電電源装置の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the uninterruptible power supply by another example of Embodiment 2 of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 交流電源、２ 負荷、３ 無停電電源装置、４ 第１のインバータ、
４ａ 第１の直流電源としての第１のコンデンサ、５ 第２のインバータ、
５ａ 第２の直流電源としての第２のコンデンサ、６ａ，６ｂ ダイオード、
６ｃ，６ｄ 半導体スイッチング素子、７ 制御回路、８ ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ、
１１ 第１の電圧検出部としての電源電圧検出器、
１２ 第２の電圧検出部としての電圧検出器。 1 AC power supply, 2 loads, 3 uninterruptible power supply, 4 first inverter,
4a, a first capacitor as a first DC power source, a second inverter,
5a Second capacitor as a second DC power source, 6a and 6b diodes,
6c, 6d semiconductor switching element, 7 control circuit, 8 DC / DC converter,
11 A power supply voltage detector as a first voltage detector,
12 A voltage detector as a second voltage detector.

Claims (4)

交流電源と負荷との間に並列に接続され、第１の直流電源からの直流電力を交流電力に変換する第１のインバータと、上記第１の直流電源より低電圧の第２の直流電源からの直流電力を交流電力に変換し、その交流側が、上記第１のインバータよりも上記負荷側で上記交流電源と該負荷との間に直列接続される第２のインバータと、上記交流電源と上記第２のインバータの交流側とに直列接続されて該交流電源を開閉する切換スイッチと、上記交流電源の電圧を監視する第１の電圧検出部と、上記第２の直流電源の電圧を監視する第２の電圧検出部と、上記第１のインバータ、上記第２のインバータおよび上記切換スイッチを制御する制御装置とを備え、
上記制御装置は、
上記交流電源の基準電圧からの電圧変動を上記第１の電圧検出部の出力から得て、該電圧変動を、上記第２の電圧検出部にて検出される上記第２の直流電源の電圧に基づいて決定される所定電圧と比較し、
上記交流電源の電圧変動が上記所定電圧以下の時、上記切換スイッチを閉じて、上記第２のインバータから上記交流電源の電圧変動を補償する電圧を出力させ、該補償電圧を上記交流電源電圧に重畳させて上記負荷に出力し、
上記交流電源の電圧変動が上記所定電圧を超える時、上記切換スイッチを開いて、上記第１のインバータと上記第２のインバータの各発生電圧の和により上記負荷に出力することを特徴とする無停電電源装置。 A first inverter connected in parallel between the AC power source and the load and converting DC power from the first DC power source to AC power, and a second DC power source having a lower voltage than the first DC power source A second inverter connected in series between the AC power source and the load on the load side of the first inverter, the AC power source, and the AC power source. A changeover switch connected in series with the AC side of the second inverter to open and close the AC power supply, a first voltage detection unit that monitors the voltage of the AC power supply, and a voltage of the second DC power supply A second voltage detector; and a controller that controls the first inverter, the second inverter, and the changeover switch,
The control device
The voltage fluctuation from the reference voltage of the AC power supply is obtained from the output of the first voltage detector, and the voltage fluctuation is converted into the voltage of the second DC power supply detected by the second voltage detector. Compared with a predetermined voltage determined based on
When the voltage fluctuation of the AC power supply is less than or equal to the predetermined voltage, the changeover switch is closed and a voltage for compensating for the voltage fluctuation of the AC power supply is output from the second inverter, and the compensation voltage is set to the AC power supply voltage. Superimposed and output to the above load,
When the voltage fluctuation of the AC power source exceeds the predetermined voltage, the change-over switch is opened, and the voltage is output to the load by the sum of the voltages generated by the first inverter and the second inverter. Power failure power supply. 上記第１の直流電源は、上記交流電源の電圧変動が上記所定電圧以下の時に、上記交流電源から上記第１の単相インバータを介して電力供給され、
上記第２の直流電源と上記第１の直流電源とは、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータを介して接続され互いに電力授受されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の無停電電源装置。 The first DC power source is supplied with power from the AC power source via the first single-phase inverter when the voltage fluctuation of the AC power source is not more than the predetermined voltage.
The uninterruptible power supply according to claim 1, wherein the second DC power supply and the first DC power supply are connected via a DC / DC converter and exchange power with each other. 上記切換スイッチは、それぞれダイオードを逆並列に接続した２個の半導体スイッチング素子を互いに逆極性に直列接続して構成したことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の無停電電源装置。 3. The uninterruptible power supply according to claim 1, wherein the changeover switch is configured by connecting two semiconductor switching elements each having a diode connected in antiparallel in series with each other in reverse polarity. 上記制御装置は、上記交流電源の電圧変動が上記所定電圧以下の時に、上記第１のインバータを、上記負荷が発生する高調波を相殺する高調波補償電流を出力させるよう制御することを特徴とする請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の無停電電源装置。 The control device controls the first inverter to output a harmonic compensation current that cancels a harmonic generated by the load when a voltage fluctuation of the AC power source is equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage. The uninterruptible power supply according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
JP2007178400A 2007-07-06 2007-07-06 Uninterruptible power system Active JP4669860B2 (en)

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