JP2005184075A - Noise filter - Google Patents
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- JP2005184075A JP2005184075A JP2003417683A JP2003417683A JP2005184075A JP 2005184075 A JP2005184075 A JP 2005184075A JP 2003417683 A JP2003417683 A JP 2003417683A JP 2003417683 A JP2003417683 A JP 2003417683A JP 2005184075 A JP2005184075 A JP 2005184075A
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、主に産業機械等に組み込まれるノイズフィルタに係り、特に、各国によって異なる電源事情が原因となって機械が誤作動することを防止することができるノイズフィルタに関するものである。 The present invention relates to a noise filter that is mainly incorporated in an industrial machine or the like, and more particularly to a noise filter that can prevent a machine from malfunctioning due to a power supply situation that varies depending on each country.
従来、電源ラインや通信ライン等を経由して外部から電子機器内に侵入するノイズにより電子機器が誤作動することを防止するため、種々のノイズフィルタが案出されており、日本国内で製造されたノイズフィルタを組み込んだ機械が世界各国に輸出されている。図7は、そのノイズフィルタの一例の回路図を示している。このノイズフィルタ51は、トロイダル形の磁心に導線を巻回して形成しライン−グラウンド間に流れるコモンモードノイズを減衰させるコモンモードチョ−クコイル52と、ライン間に流れるノーマルモードノイズを減衰させるべくライン間に接続されるアクロス・ザ・ライン・コンデンサ、すなわちXコンデンサ53と、そしてXコンデンサが故障して短絡した場合でも感電を防止するために各ラインとグラウンド間に接続されるライン・バイパス・コンデンサ、すなわちYコンデンサ54を備えている。
商用電源事情は、各国ごとに異なることから、日本国内で製造される各種機械は輸出先の電源事情にあわせて設計・製造されることはもちろんのこと、日本において各国の電源と同等の条件で駆動させて動作確認を行っている。例えば、ヨーロッパの各国にあっては日本等と異なり三相四線タイプの電源を用いており、これは三相三線タイプの電源にニュートラルのラインが加わっているものである。そして、前述したYコンデンサ54は、ラインからグラウンドへと電流が漏れる漏洩電流に影響しており、ヨーロッパでは漏洩電流はニュートラルに流れるのに対し、日本では漏洩電流は直接グラウンドに流れる仕組みとなっている。このため、ヨーロッパではYコンデンサ54の容量を大きくして漏洩電流が大きくなっても、電源ラインの漏電遮断器が作動することがないのに対して、日本では漏洩電流がグラウンドに流れて漏電遮断器が作動してしまい、電源回路を遮断することになる。
すなわち、ヨーロッパ仕様の機械にYコンデンサ54の容量が大きいノイズフィルタ51を組み込んだ上で、日本国内で動作確認を行おうとすると、漏洩電流が大きいために漏電遮断器が作動してしまい、動作確認をすることができない。そのため、機械の動作確認を行う際に、組み込んであるノイズフィルタ51を取り外して動作確認を行い、確認後に再び取り付けるという多大な手間を要していた。
Since commercial power supply conditions vary from country to country, various machines manufactured in Japan are designed and manufactured according to the power supply conditions of the export destination, and in Japan, the same conditions as the power supply of each country. Operation is confirmed by driving. For example, European countries use a three-phase four-wire type power supply unlike Japan, which is a three-phase three-wire type power supply with a neutral line added. The above-described Y capacitor 54 affects the leakage current that leaks current from the line to the ground. In Europe, the leakage current flows neutrally, whereas in Japan, the leakage current flows directly to the ground. Yes. For this reason, in Europe, even if the capacity of the Y capacitor 54 is increased to increase the leakage current, the leakage breaker of the power supply line will not operate. In Japan, the leakage current flows to the ground and the leakage is interrupted. The instrument will be activated and the power circuit will be interrupted.
In other words, if a noise filter 51 with a large Y capacitor 54 is installed in a European machine and an operation check is made in Japan, the leakage breaker will operate due to the large leakage current, and the operation check will be performed. I can't. For this reason, when confirming the operation of the machine, it is necessary to remove the built-in noise filter 51 to confirm the operation, and to attach it again after confirmation.
そこで本発明にあっては、上述した課題を解決すべく、Yコンデンサからの漏洩電流で電源回路の漏洩遮断器が作動することがないように、工夫を凝らして各国の電源事情に対応させたノイズフィルタの提供を目的とする。 Therefore, in the present invention, in order to solve the above-described problems, the power circuit leakage breaker is not activated by the leakage current from the Y capacitor, and has been devised to cope with the power supply situation in each country. The purpose is to provide a noise filter.
上記目的を達成するため、本発明のノイズフィルタは、電源ラインの相間に接続されるXコンデンサと、この電源ラインの各相とグラウンド間に並列に接続される第1のYコンデンサの組及び該第1のYコンデンサと容量の異なる第2のYコンデンサの組と、上記第1のYコンデンサの組とグラウンド間若しくは第2のYコンデンサの組とグラウンド間を接続する切換自在なスイッチ手段とを備えることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the noise filter of the present invention includes an X capacitor connected between phases of a power supply line, a first Y capacitor set connected in parallel between each phase of the power supply line and ground, and the A second Y capacitor set having a capacity different from that of the first Y capacitor, and switchable switch means for connecting between the first Y capacitor set and the ground or between the second Y capacitor set and the ground. It is characterized by providing.
また、電源ラインの相構造は三相商用電源に対応した三相式としたことを特徴とする。 Further, the phase structure of the power line is a three-phase type corresponding to a three-phase commercial power source.
本発明のノイズフィルタによれば、電源ラインの相間に接続されるXコンデンサと、この電源ラインの各相とグラウンド間に並列に接続される第1のYコンデンサの組及び該第1のYコンデンサと容量の異なる第2のYコンデンサの組と、上記第1のYコンデンサの組とグラウンド間若しくは第2のYコンデンサの組とグラウンド間を接続する切換自在なスイッチ手段とを備えることで、漏洩電流が大きくても漏電遮断器が作動することがない電源事情でノイズフィルタを使用する際には、スイッチ手段を切り換えて容量の大きいYコンデンサを用い、漏洩電流を小さくしないと導電遮断器が作動してしまう電源事情ではスイッチ手段を切り換えて容量の小さいYコンデンサを使用することが可能となり、1つのノイズフィルタで各国の電源事情に対応させることができる。 According to the noise filter of the present invention, the X capacitor connected between the phases of the power line, the first Y capacitor set connected in parallel between each phase of the power line and the ground, and the first Y capacitor And a second Y capacitor set having a different capacitance and a switch means for switching between the first Y capacitor set and the ground or between the second Y capacitor set and the ground, thereby causing leakage. When using a noise filter in a power supply situation where the leakage breaker does not operate even if the current is large, the switch breaker must be switched to use a large-capacity Y capacitor. Therefore, it is possible to use a Y capacitor with a small capacity by switching the switch means. It can correspond to information.
図1〜図2は、本発明の第1の実施例のノイズフィルタ1を示しており、本実施例では外部接続用の三端子を一次側と二次側にそれぞれ設けた三相式のノイズフィルタについて説明する。このノイズフィルタ1にあっては、トロイダル形の磁心に導線を巻回して形成しライン−グラウンド間に流れるコモンモードノイズを減衰させるコモンモードチョ−クコイル2(1mH)を各ラインに直列に接続し、またライン間に流れるノーマルモードノイズを減衰させるべく、一次側と二次側の各ライン間アクロス・ザ・ライン・コンデンサ、すなわちXコンデンサ3(3.3μF、それぞれ3個ずつ)を接続し、そしてXコンデンサが故障して短絡した場合でも感電を防止するために二次側の各ラインとグラウンド(シャーシ・グラウンドを経由して接地)G間にライン・バイパス・コンデンサとして、1.5μFと容量の大きいY1コンデンサ4(3個で1組)と、0.047μFと容量の小さいY2コンデンサ5(3個で1組)を並列に接続するとともに、このY1コンデンサ4とY2コンデンサ5の何れかをグラウンドGに接続する切換自在なスイッチ6をシャーシの上面に備えている。またこれ以外に、図示しない電源切断時にコンデンサの蓄積電荷を放電させるためのブリーダー抵抗、グラウンドからのノイズの侵入を抑制するアース・インダクタ等を備えてもよい。このノイズフィルタ1において、1.5μFの容量のY1コンデンサ4をグラウンドGに接続すると、漏洩電流は約800mAと大きく、また0.047μFの容量のY2コンデンサ5をグラウンドGに接続すると、漏洩電流は約3.5mAと小さくなるものである。 1 to 2 show a noise filter 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a three-phase type noise is provided with three terminals for external connection on the primary side and the secondary side, respectively. The filter will be described. In this noise filter 1, a common mode choke coil 2 (1 mH) that is formed by winding a conducting wire around a toroidal magnetic core and attenuates common mode noise flowing between the line and the ground is connected in series to each line. In addition, in order to attenuate normal mode noise flowing between the lines, connect across the line capacitors between the primary side and the secondary side, that is, X capacitors 3 (3.3 μF, three each), And in order to prevent electric shock even if the X capacitor fails and is short-circuited, a capacitance of 1.5 μF is used as a line bypass capacitor between each secondary line and ground (grounded through the chassis ground) G. Y 1 capacitor 4 (one set of three) and a Y 2 capacitor 5 (one set of three) having a small capacity of 0.047 μF are connected in parallel. And a switch 6 capable of switching either Y 1 capacitor 4 or Y 2 capacitor 5 to ground G is provided on the upper surface of the chassis. In addition to this, a bleeder resistor for discharging the accumulated charge of the capacitor when the power is turned off (not shown), a ground inductor for suppressing noise intrusion from the ground, and the like may be provided. In this noise filter 1, when the Y 1 capacitor 4 having a capacity of 1.5 μF is connected to the ground G, the leakage current is as large as about 800 mA, and when the Y 2 capacitor 5 having a capacity of 0.047 μF is connected to the ground G, the leakage is caused. The current is as small as about 3.5 mA.
このような構成のノイズフィルタ1とすることで、ヨーロッパなどの漏洩電流が大きくてもよい電源環境下では容量の大きいY1コンデンサ4を選択すべくスイッチ6を切り換え、また漏洩電流を小さくしないと漏電遮断器が作動してしまう日本などの電源環境下ではY2コンデンサ5を選択すべくスイッチ6を切り換えることで、ノイズフィルタ1をどの電源事情の地域でも問題なく使用することができるものである。 With the noise filter 1 having such a configuration, the switch 6 is switched to select the Y 1 capacitor 4 having a large capacity in a power supply environment such as Europe where the leakage current may be large, and the leakage current must be reduced. under power environment, such as Japanese earth leakage circuit breaker will be activated by switching the switch 6 so as to select the Y 2 capacitors 5, in which can be used without problems in the area of which the power supply circumstances the noise filter 1 .
図3は、本発明の第2の実施例のノイズフィルタ11を示しており、このノイズフィルタ11は、トロイダル形の磁心に導線を巻回して形成しライン−グラウンド間に流れるコモンモードノイズを減衰させるコモンモードチョ−クコイル12(1mH)と、ライン間に流れるノーマルモードノイズを減衰させるべく一次側と二次側の各ライン間に接続されるアクロス・ザ・ライン・コンデンサ、すなわちXコンデンサ13(3.3μF)と、そしてXコンデンサが故障して短絡した場合でも感電を防止するために二次側の各ラインとグラウンド(シャーシ・グラウンドを経由して接地)G間に接続されるライン・バイパス・コンデンサ、すなわちYコンデンサ14(1.5μF)と、このYコンデンサ4とグラウンドG間に介在する開閉自在なスイッチ15をシャーシの上面に備えている。また、前述同様にブリーダー抵抗、アース・インダクタ等を備えてもよい。 FIG. 3 shows a noise filter 11 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. This noise filter 11 is formed by winding a conducting wire around a toroidal magnetic core and attenuates common mode noise flowing between the line and the ground. Common mode choke coil 12 (1 mH) to be applied, and across the line capacitor connected between the primary and secondary lines to attenuate normal mode noise flowing between the lines, that is, an X capacitor 13 ( 3.3μF) and line bypass connected between each line on the secondary side and ground (grounded via chassis ground) G to prevent electric shock even if the X capacitor fails and is short-circuited · Capacitor, that is, a Y capacitor 14 (1.5 μF), which can be freely opened and closed interposed between the Y capacitor 4 and the ground G A switch 15 is provided on the upper surface of the chassis. In addition, a bleeder resistor, a ground inductor, and the like may be provided as described above.
そして、このノイズフィルタ11を組み込んだ機械を漏電遮断器が作動しないようにして作動確認する際には、スイッチ15を開にすることで、Yコンデンサ14を機能させずに漏洩電流を0にすることができ、またYコンデンサ14を機能させる場合にはスイッチ15を閉にすればよいものである。このノイズフィルタ11をヨーロッパの電源環境で用いた場合、1.5μFの容量のYコンデンサ4による漏洩電流は約800mAとなる。 When checking the operation of the machine incorporating the noise filter 11 so that the leakage breaker does not operate, the switch 15 is opened, so that the leakage current is reduced to 0 without causing the Y capacitor 14 to function. In addition, when the Y capacitor 14 is to function, the switch 15 may be closed. When the noise filter 11 is used in a power supply environment in Europe, the leakage current due to the Y capacitor 4 having a capacity of 1.5 μF is about 800 mA.
また、トロイダルコアに巻回する導線としては、従来は綿巻銅線と称される複数本の銅線を撚りあわせた上で、外周に細い綿糸を密に巻くことで曲げやすくしたものが用いられていた。この綿巻銅線は、細い銅線を撚りあわせて1本の太い銅線と同様な電気特性を備えつつも、トロイダルコアに巻回しやすい可撓性を備える好適なものであった。これに対し、上述した各実施例のノイズフィルタにあっては、トロイダルコアに巻回する導線として、綿巻銅線の代わりにエナメル被覆した細い絶縁銅線17を複数本撚りあわせた、図4に示す所謂リッツ線18を用いている。 In addition, as a conducting wire wound around a toroidal core, a wire that has been made easy to bend by twisting a plurality of copper wires, which are conventionally called cotton-wrapped copper wires, and then tightly winding a thin cotton thread around the outer periphery is used. It was. This cotton-wrapped copper wire was a suitable one that twisted a thin copper wire and had the same electrical characteristics as a single thick copper wire, but also had the flexibility to be easily wound around a toroidal core. On the other hand, in the noise filter of each of the above-described embodiments, a plurality of thin insulated copper wires 17 coated with enamel instead of cotton-wrapped copper wires are twisted together as a conducting wire wound around the toroidal core, as shown in FIG. The so-called litz wire 18 shown is used.
このリッツ線18は、従来用いていた綿巻銅線と断面積を同一にして比較した場合に、絶縁被覆で導体を分割し導体表面積を大きくすることで、表皮効果による交流抵抗の上昇を抑制してコイルの温度上昇を抑える効果を発揮することができるものである。さらに、リッツ線18はその外周を縛るものがないことから、トロイダルコアに巻回する際にある程度変形してリッツ線同士が隙間なく密に巻回され、これにより綿巻銅線よりも巻数を多くして特性を向上させることができる。 This litz wire 18 has the same cross-sectional area as the conventionally used cotton-wrapped copper wire, and by dividing the conductor with an insulating coating to increase the surface area of the conductor, the increase in AC resistance due to the skin effect is suppressed. Thus, the effect of suppressing the temperature rise of the coil can be exhibited. Furthermore, since there is nothing to bind the outer periphery of the litz wire 18, the litz wire is deformed to some extent when wound around the toroidal core, and the litz wires are tightly wound without any gaps, thereby increasing the number of turns than the cotton-wrapped copper wire. Thus, the characteristics can be improved.
図5は、本発明に係るノイズフィルタの構造を表しており、ノイズフィルタ1のケース内の略中心にはコモンモードチョ−クコイル2が配置され、その両脇の端子台21の下部にはXコンデンサ22とYコンデンサ23が配置されており、そしてこれらをケースに固定しかつ素子からの熱を伝導して放熱するために合成樹脂24をケース内に流し込んで硬化させている。コモンモードチョ−クコイル2の放熱を考慮した場合には、コイルの高さの2/3以上を覆うことが望ましく、そのために従来は図6に示すごとく、ケースの高さの約半分程度まで合成樹脂24を流し込んでいた。ただし、Xコンデンサ22とYコンデンサ23については、あまり発熱しないことから、ケースに固定するだけのわずかな量の合成樹脂でも充分であった。 FIG. 5 shows the structure of the noise filter according to the present invention. A common mode choke coil 2 is arranged at the approximate center in the case of the noise filter 1, and X is placed under the terminal block 21 on both sides of the common mode choke coil 2. Capacitor 22 and Y capacitor 23 are disposed, and synthetic resin 24 is poured into the case and cured in order to fix them to the case and to conduct heat from the element to dissipate it. In consideration of the heat radiation of the common mode choke coil 2, it is desirable to cover more than 2/3 of the coil height. For this reason, conventionally, as shown in FIG. Resin 24 was poured. However, since the X capacitor 22 and the Y capacitor 23 do not generate much heat, a small amount of synthetic resin sufficient for fixing to the case is sufficient.
しかし、このように多量の合成樹脂を用いた場合には、ノイズフィルタは不必要なまでに重くなって取り扱いに苦慮するとともに、ケースの貼り合わせ部から合成樹脂が滲み出る恐れもあることから、その製造には多大な手間を要していた。そこで、本実施例ではコモンモードチョ−クコイル2の周囲を多少大径な筒体25で覆うとともに、その下部をケース底面に密接(又は固定)させ、この状態で筒体25内に合成樹脂24を流し込んでいく。筒体25の上部にまで合成樹脂24が満ちてもさらに投入し、合成樹脂24が筒体25外にあふれてケース底面をある程度覆ったところで、合成樹脂24の投入を止める。これにより、図5に示すごとく、Xコンデンサ22とYコンデンサ23は筒体25からあふれ出た僅かな量の合成樹脂でケースに固定されることとなる。 However, when using a large amount of synthetic resin in this way, the noise filter becomes unnecessarily heavy and difficult to handle, and the synthetic resin may ooze out from the bonded part of the case, It took a lot of work to manufacture. Therefore, in this embodiment, the periphery of the common mode choke coil 2 is covered with a somewhat larger cylindrical body 25, and the lower part thereof is closely (or fixed) to the bottom of the case, and in this state, the synthetic resin 24 is placed in the cylindrical body 25. Pour in. Even if the upper part of the cylindrical body 25 is filled with the synthetic resin 24, it is further charged. When the synthetic resin 24 overflows outside the cylindrical body 25 and covers the case bottom to some extent, the synthetic resin 24 is stopped. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the X capacitor 22 and the Y capacitor 23 are fixed to the case with a slight amount of synthetic resin overflowing from the cylindrical body 25.
尚、上述した各実施例のスイッチは、上述したごとくシャーシ外に露出させて切り換え自在なシーソータイプに限られることなく、外からシャーシ内部にキーやネジを挿脱してシャーシ内の接点を切り換えるタイプとしたり、ジャンパーピン・ジャンパー端子を接離して切り換えるタイプとしたりすることができる。 In addition, the switch of each embodiment described above is not limited to a seesaw type that is exposed outside the chassis and can be switched as described above, but is a type that switches a contact in the chassis by inserting and removing a key or a screw into the chassis from the outside. Or a type in which jumper pins and jumper terminals are connected and separated.
また、上述した各実施例にあっては、三相電源用の一次側、二次側とも3端子を備えた三相式のノイズフィルタについて説明したが、これに限定されることなく、二相式のノイズフィルタにも適用することができるものである。 Further, in each of the above-described embodiments, the three-phase type noise filter having three terminals on the primary side and the secondary side for the three-phase power source has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The present invention can also be applied to a noise filter of an expression.
1 ノイズフィルタ
2 コモンモードチョ−クコイル
3 Xコンデンサ
4 Y1コンデンサ
5 Y2コンデンサ
6 スイッチ
11 ノイズフィルタ
12 コモンモードチョ−クコイル
13 Xコンデンサ
14 Yコンデンサ
15 スイッチ
17 絶縁被覆
18 リッツ線
21 端子台
22 Xコンデンサ
23 Yコンデンサ
24 合成樹脂
25 筒体
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Noise filter 2 Common mode choke coil 3 X capacitor 4 Y 1 capacitor 5 Y 2 capacitor 6 Switch 11 Noise filter 12 Common mode choke coil 13 X capacitor 14 Y capacitor 15 Switch 17 Insulation coating 18 Litz wire 21 Terminal block 22 X Capacitor 23 Y capacitor 24 Synthetic resin 25 Cylindrical body
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
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Cited By (4)
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JP2010028912A (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2010-02-04 | Yokogawa Electric Corp | Power supply filter circuit |
WO2011067041A1 (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | Tuning a programmable power line filter |
WO2014056668A3 (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2014-12-31 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Multi-string inverter having input-side emc filter |
JP2021129263A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2021-09-02 | フジテック株式会社 | Noise elimination device |
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JP2010028912A (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2010-02-04 | Yokogawa Electric Corp | Power supply filter circuit |
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CN102771048B (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2015-01-21 | 国际商业机器公司 | Tuning a programmable power line filter |
WO2014056668A3 (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2014-12-31 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Multi-string inverter having input-side emc filter |
JP2021129263A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2021-09-02 | フジテック株式会社 | Noise elimination device |
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