JP2000114567A - Solar battery module and solar power generating system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent an electric shock accident by realizing an electrically and surely stable state by a simple operation. SOLUTION: A solar battery module 1 is provided with a switching means 4a for output switching between power generating parts 2a and 2b so that the output of the solar battery module can be controlled, or the output open voltages of the generating parts can be divided into further low voltages. In this solar power generating system using the solar battery module 1, the photovoltaic power generating system can be electrically divided by using the switching means into an open state in emergency that the occurrence of earthquake is predicted. Then, normal power generation can be attained by turning the switching means into a make state.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar cell module having improved safety in connection work at the time of installation of a solar cell module, repair work at the time of failure, safety measures in an emergency, etc., and sunlight using the same. It relates to a power generation system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When a solar cell module is installed, work is usually performed in the daytime, and since the solar cell generates power by light, this work is performed in a power generation state. Therefore, it is necessary to consider safety measures against electric shock. When a plurality of solar cell modules are connected in series for the purpose of being a power source for electric power or the like, as the connection work progresses,
With higher voltages, safety measures against electric shock become more important. Therefore, conventionally, safety measures such as working with care for electric shock, using insulating gloves, connecting the solar cell module in a state where the solar cell module is shielded from light, and removing the light-shielding material after the connection are taken at the time of the connection operation.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 5-218481 discloses an effective method for installing a solar cell module, in which an electromotive force generated by a photovoltaic element provided in the solar cell module is supplied to an output section. A solar cell module having a switch element for adjusting output is disclosed.

[0004] Furthermore, when the solar cell module is repaired for reasons such as insulation failure after the solar cell module is installed, electrical safety measures are also required. In the event of an emergency such as when an earthquake is anticipated, when safety needs to be considered and the electrical connection of the solar cell module needs to be released, a safety measure is also required.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-84183 discloses that
As an effective means to replace the solar panel,
A solar cell panel provided with a DC breaker for separating the positive and negative output terminals from a plurality of solar cell element arrays simultaneously or individually is disclosed.

[0006]

However, according to the above prior art, there are the following problems. First, according to the method of “working while paying attention to electric shock”, this method is not a fundamental measure by itself, and is not a means suitable for work that will increase in the future as solar cells spread. In addition, according to the method using "insulating gloves", fine work is performed in a state where the gloves are insulated, so that workability is extremely poor.
Therefore, a solar cell module which can be easily operated even with the insulating gloves or a solar cell module which does not require the insulating gloves is desired. In addition, according to the method of “connection in a state where the solar cell module is shielded from light and removal of the light-shielding object after the connection”, workability is remarkably poor. It is not easy to completely shield all the battery modules from light and ensure safety. In addition, it is not easy to always store a necessary quantity of a special jig called a light shielding material.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-218481 discloses a safety measure, which is a safety measure when a solar cell module having good insulation performance is newly installed.

This will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is an electric circuit diagram showing an example of a photovoltaic power generation system assuming a case where a plurality of solar cell modules according to the invention of JP-A-5-218481 are connected in series. This system is based on the module of FIG. 1 in JP-A-5-218481, and includes a photovoltaic element 102, a circuit network 103 for outputting power generated by the photovoltaic element 102, and , Circuit network 10
And a switching element 101 for adjusting the output of the electromotive force generated by the photovoltaic element 102 to the output section 104 in the network 103. Has been established. Further, this publication discloses a case where the switch elements are “disposed in series” and “disposed in parallel” on the circuit network 103, but the switch in FIG. 15 is “disposed in series”. Corresponds to the case. In the photovoltaic power generation system of FIG. 15, even if a defective insulation portion 106 occurs and repair work is required, the switch element 101 is merely a “switch element for adjusting output to the output unit”. But
Even if this switch element is opened, the insulation failure 10
6 and one of the output portions are not electrically disconnected, and a voltage is generated. For example, there is no particular effect as a safety measure between the defective insulation portion 106 and one of the output sections when replacing the failed solar cell module. For example, if this solar cell module is a type of solar cell module that generates a certain high voltage,
Considering the voltage of the solar cell module alone, it is conceivable that the voltage value between the insulation failure part and one of the output units will be high, so that a safety measure in the replacement work is separately desired.

In addition, when considered as a photovoltaic power generation system as well as a solar cell module alone, a solar cell in which insulation failure has occurred between the time when a failure occurs in any of the solar cell modules and the time when repair is completed is completed. Opening only the switch 101 of the module is not desirable because the voltage in the installed system is applied to the insulation failure point 106. Furthermore, even if the switch 101 of the solar cell module in which insulation failure has occurred and the switch 101 of the adjacent solar cell module are opened, the output unit 104 of each solar cell module is electrically connected through the diode 105. Also, the voltage in the installed system is applied to the insulation failure point 106, which is not desirable. As a safety measure in this case, a measure taking into account the configuration of the entire system is desired separately.

FIG. 16 shows the structure of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-218481.
2 is a photovoltaic power generation system in which a plurality of solar cells are connected in series based on FIG.
01 are arranged in parallel with the circuit network 103. Then, even if a defective insulation portion 106 is generated and a repair work is required, the switch element 101 only outputs “an electromotive force generated by the photovoltaic element of the solar cell module to the solar cell module. It is a switch element for adjusting the output to the unit, and it is not enough to close only the switch 101 of the solar cell module in which insulation failure has occurred from the occurrence of the failure until the repair is completed. Also, the voltage in the incorporated solar cell system is applied to the insulation failure portion 106, which is not desirable.

[0011] The solar cell panel according to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-84183 also has a problem to be solved. That is, if a plurality of such solar cell panels are connected as a photovoltaic power generation system, the output loss will increase. Specifically, since the DC breaker has a certain finite contact resistance, an output loss occurs due to the contact resistance. Therefore,
Having an extra DC breaker that is substantially ineffective results in extra power loss. That is,
When the solar battery panels disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-84183 are connected in series, the DC breakers are adjacent to each other with the connecting portion of each panel interposed therebetween. Therefore, an extra output loss is generated. In view of the purpose of using the solar cell module, a solar cell module in which output loss is sufficiently considered is desired.

Further, in the solar cell panel according to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-84183, no safety measures are assumed when two or more insulation failures occur in the solar cell module.

This will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is an electric circuit diagram showing a solar cell panel according to the invention of JP-A-57-84183. That is,
This panel is based on the second panel in JP-A-57-84183, and includes a constant current power supply (solar cell element) 221 and a constant current power supply (solar cell element) 2.
21 has a wiring for outputting the electric power generated by 21 and output terminals 217a and 217b provided on the wiring,
In the wiring, a DC circuit breaker 214 for blocking the electromotive force generated by the constant current power supply (solar cell element) 221 from being output to the output terminals 217a and 217b is provided. In this figure, even if two defective insulation locations 206a and 206b occur and a repair work is required, the DC breaker 214 is merely a "DC power supply for interrupting output to the output terminal". Circuit breaker ", and two open insulation locations 206a, 2
During the replacement work of the failed solar cell module, for example, when the solar cell module is in a power generation state during the replacement work of the failed solar cell module, a voltage is applied between the two poorly-insulated portions 206a and 206b. It has no particular effect as a safety measure. If this solar panel is a type of solar panel that generates a certain amount of high voltage, safety measures for replacing the failed solar panel may be required even if the voltage of the solar panel alone is considered. It will be desired. In addition, only by opening the DC breaker 214 of the solar cell panel in which insulation failure has occurred between the occurrence of the failure and the completion of the repair, the potential difference between the insulation failure places 206a and 206b is similarly increased by merely opening the DC breaker 214 of the solar cell panel in which insulation failure has occurred. Is maintained.

In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, in the conventional method, when a failure occurs in the solar cell module, various considerations are separately required. Therefore, there is a demand for a solar cell module and a photovoltaic power generation system in which safety is ensured while sufficiently considering output and minimizing output loss.

Sufficient safety is required during installation work, repair work, or when an emergency needs to be taken in the event of an earthquake or the like, which will increase with the spread of solar cells. A method that is not secured or a method that requires a long working time because of poor workability to ensure safety is insufficient. Particularly in an emergency, a method that requires a special jig when working is not enough.

Normally, the solar cell module is designed so that the insulation performance is ensured in the initial use and the normal use after installation. However, the possibility that insulation failure occurs due to unpredictable causes at the time of design cannot be denied. Even in such a case, a solar cell module and a solar power generation system that can ensure safety promptly are desired.

That is, a variety of situations are assumed, sufficient safety is ensured, the degree of freedom in system design is large, workability is good, work time is short, and especially in an emergency, There is a demand for a solar cell module and a photovoltaic power generation system that do not require a special jig when working and have low output loss.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an electrically safe state by a simple operation at the time of installing and repairing a solar cell module, and at the time of emergency such as when an earthquake is expected. An object of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic power generation system that can prevent an electric shock accident and have low output loss.

[0019]

In order to achieve this object, a solar cell module according to the present invention comprises a photovoltaic element,
A solar cell module having an output terminal for outputting power generated by the photovoltaic element, the solar cell module having at least one output opening / closing unit that controls output to the output terminal. At least one of them is arranged at a position where the photovoltaic element is electrically divided.

The output opening / closing means is disposed, for example, in the middle of a power generation unit (photovoltaic element group) of the solar cell module,
By opening the switching means, the output at both ends of the output terminal can be opened, and the output open-circuit voltage of the power-generating unit can be divided into two power-generating units having a smaller output open-circuit voltage. . If the output open voltage of each of the two power generation units is equal to or less than a desired voltage in consideration of safety, the output may be controlled by one output opening / closing unit,
The number of output opening / closing means can be minimized, and safety can be ensured.

In this configuration, by opening the output opening / closing means, the output of the solar cell module is shut off, and the connection work at the time of installation can be performed safely. Further, in the solar cell module having this configuration, if insulation failure occurs due to some unpredictable cause at the time of design, the output opening / closing means is opened to electrically connect the solar cell module to two or more regions. And the voltage can be reduced to a desired voltage or less. Also, in an emergency such as when an earthquake is expected, by taking the electrical safety into consideration and opening the output switching means, the photovoltaic power generation system can have a photovoltaic power having a desired output open voltage. It can be divided into element groups.

The desired output open-circuit voltage is desirably determined in consideration of the solar cell module of the present invention and a method of using a solar power generation system using the same. At that time,
In combination with other safety measures that are relatively simple, the desired output open-circuit voltage can be set relatively high, or can be set relatively low to increase the degree of freedom in usage. In order to increase the degree of freedom in how to arrange the modules of the photovoltaic power generation system, how to use the photovoltaic power generation system, and to use the photovoltaic power generation system more versatile, it is more desirable that the voltage be 75 V or less.

To achieve this object, a solar cell module according to the present invention is a solar cell module having a photovoltaic element and an output terminal for outputting power generated by the photovoltaic element. And at least one output switching means for controlling the output to the output terminal, and at least one inter-terminal connection switching means for controlling the electrical connection between the output terminals, wherein the output switching means has the same shape. When the solar cell modules are serialized, they are arranged at a position including at least one photovoltaic element between any arbitrary output switching means.

The output opening / closing means can open the outputs at both ends of the output terminal by opening the opening / closing means. As the inter-terminal connection opening / closing means, when the electric connection between the output terminals is made by a plurality of parallel circuits, for example, when a bypass diode circuit is provided, the circuit is also provided with the opening / closing means, and the opening / closing means is also opened. By setting the state, the connection between the output terminals is opened,
The connection between the terminals can be cut off for an external electric input.

In this configuration, by opening the output opening / closing means, the output of the solar cell module is shut off, and the connection work at the time of installation can be performed safely. Further, in a photovoltaic power generation system including at least one solar cell module having this configuration, when an insulation failure occurs in a photovoltaic module having poor insulation due to some unpredictable factor at the time of design, the terminal including the output opening / closing means may be disposed between the terminals. By opening the connection opening / closing means, the photovoltaic power generation system can be electrically divided into two or more regions. Also, in an emergency such as when an earthquake is expected, by taking into account electrical safety, by opening the terminal-to-terminal connection switching means including the output switching means, a desired solar power generation system can be provided. It can be divided into photovoltaic element groups having an open-circuit voltage.

It is desirable that the desired output open-circuit voltage is determined in consideration of the solar cell module of the present invention and a method of using a solar power generation system using the same. At that time,
In combination with other safety measures that are relatively simple, the desired output open-circuit voltage can be set relatively high, or can be set relatively low to increase the degree of freedom in usage. In order to increase the degree of freedom in how to arrange the modules of the photovoltaic power generation system, how to use the photovoltaic power generation system, and to use the photovoltaic power generation system more versatile, it is more desirable that the voltage be 75 V or less.

[0027]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the degree of freedom in system design, that is, a system constituted by electrically connecting a plurality of solar cell modules, is increased, output loss is reduced, and safety is ensured. In order to improve the workability of the work, and to shorten the work time, especially in the case of an emergency, a special jig is not required when performing the work, a configuration has been added to ensure the purpose. You.

For example, by allowing the opening / closing operation of the opening / closing means to be performed without moving the solar cell module, the solar cell module can be moved horizontally or vertically from a predetermined position, for example, a position for performing a wiring operation, or The opening / closing operation of the opening / closing means can be performed without the necessity of performing an operation such as turning over. This configuration,
When the solar cell module is of a fixed type, for example, a gantry installation type, a roof installation type, a wall installation type, etc., by considering its installation state, by providing an opening / closing means that can be operated without moving, This is more preferable because the opening and closing operation can be performed without removing the solar cell module in a state where the solar cell module is installed.

In a more specific embodiment, an input section for operating the opening / closing means is provided at a position where the operation can be performed without moving the solar cell module. Accordingly, the opening and closing operation can be performed without particularly requiring an operation of moving the solar cell module horizontally or vertically from a predetermined position or turning over the solar cell module. In a more specific form, the position of the input unit is located outside the inner side of 1 m from the end of the solar cell module, that is, closer to the end side than the inside of 1 m, so that the opening / closing operation can be easily performed by a human hand or a simple jig. It can be performed. Alternatively, the opening / closing means can be remotely operated, so that the solar cell module can be horizontally or vertically moved from a predetermined position, or the opening / closing operation of the opening / closing means can be performed without any special operation. May be performed.

This remotely operable opening / closing means is remotely operated by, for example, an electric signal.
The opening / closing operation of the opening / closing means can be performed without particularly requiring an operation of moving the solar cell module horizontally or vertically from a predetermined position, or turning over the solar cell module.

The opening / closing means is operated, for example, in accordance with the presence or absence of an input signal, and is set to be open when there is no input signal, so that even if the input signal is interrupted for any reason. Then, the opening / closing means is opened, and safety is ensured.

Further, by providing the opening / closing means in the output terminal box of the solar cell module, the performance of the output terminal box can be improved.
For example, insulation performance, waterproof performance, mechanical strength, and the like can be used.

As the opening / closing means, various switches such as a mechanical switch and a semiconductor switch can be adopted. In addition, as an input unit for opening and closing the opening and closing means,
Depending on the purpose of use of the solar cell module, those that simply operate mechanically, those that consider the position as described above,
It is possible to employ various devices such as a device capable of remote operation. Further, it is desirable that the solar cell module has insulation and waterproofness. However, in the solar cell module of the present invention, a method for ensuring insulation and waterproofness of the opening / closing means has been considered. Things are desirable. At this time, there are various methods such as a method for securing insulation and waterproofness as a single opening / closing means, a method for securing insulation and waterproofness for the entire solar cell module, and a method for securing insulation and waterproofness for an installed system. It is possible to adopt the one that has been devised.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. (First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a light receiving surface of a solar cell module according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, in this example, a switch (output switching means) 4a is provided in the middle of the connecting means 10 for electrically connecting the photovoltaic elements 2a and 2b provided in the solar cell module. It is characterized by being. The photovoltaic element is a power generation unit, and is made of amorphous silicon, crystalline silicon, or the like. Here, the connection means is a path, for example, a connection wiring. As shown in FIG. 1, the solar cell module 1 includes two separate switches (output switching means) 4 b, one each between the + -end of the power generation unit 2 and the + -extraction terminal 3. Are provided. The solar cell module 1 outputs, from an output extraction terminal (output terminal) 3, electric power generated in the power generation unit 2 provided on the light receiving surface side of the support plate 12, that is, the photovoltaic element 2 a or 2 b.

According to this embodiment, the switch 4a provided between the photovoltaic elements (power generation units) 2a and 2b allows the output within the solar cell module 1, in other words, between the photovoltaic elements 2a and 2b. You can open and close the route. Also,
Further, the open / close state of the output path can be operated by a switch 4b provided between the extraction terminal 3 and the power generation unit 2. As a result, for example, when the solar cell module is installed at the installation location, when the
By performing any of the connection work of the solar cell module 1 with any of the a and b open, the connection work can be performed safely. After the connection work is completed, the switch 4a or 4b in the open state is closed so that normal power generation, that is, power can be supplied.

Usually, the solar cell module is designed so that the insulation performance is ensured in the initial use and in normal use after installation. However, at the time of design, the possibility that insulation failure occurs due to an unpredictable cause cannot be denied. In the solar cell module 1, for example, if one insulation failure occurs near the power generation unit 2 for some reason after installation, the two switches 4b connected to the extraction terminal 3 by closing the switch 4a between the power generation units 2 are closed. Even in the open state, safety can be secured from the occurrence of a failure to the repair work and during the repair work. In an emergency such as when an earthquake is expected, the two switches 4b are opened in consideration of electrical safety, so that the solar cell modules 1 can be individually electrically disconnected from the solar cell system. Can be completely separated.

That is, in the solar cell module according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the solar cell module 1 is provided with three switches 4 (4a, 4b). That is, one is provided between the + -end of the power generation unit 2 of the solar cell module 1 and the + -extraction terminal 3, and one is provided between the two power generation units 2. In the case where the solar cell module 1 is of a type capable of generating a high voltage, for example, as in the present embodiment, one or more switches 4 are provided between the power generation units as necessary, and It is effective to be able to divide into low-voltage blocks. A sufficiently low voltage is, for example, 75 V
It is as follows.

In this embodiment, the output switch 4a provided between the power generation units 2 is provided on the back side of the support plate 12, in other words, the output switch 4a provided on the back side of the light receiving surface, This is preferable because a power generation unit having as large an area as possible can be provided on the surface. The output switch 4a may be provided so as to be in non-contact with or detachable from the support plate 12 as long as the output between the power generation units 2 can be opened and closed.

Although the terminal 3 is shown in this figure as having a lead wire and a connector, in the present embodiment, the terminal is not limited to such a structure, and may have, for example, a structure without a lead wire. Good.

The terminal 3 can be connected to another solar cell module at a desired installation position by having a lead wire and a connector provided at the end thereof. It is also preferable that the connector has a waterproof function from the viewpoint of increasing the weather resistance of the solar cell module.

In the present invention, one solar cell module may have two or more power generation units. In this case, there is one or more places where the power generation units are connected to each other (between the power generation units). I do. The output opening / closing means 4a may be appropriately provided at at least one location between the plurality of power generation units. As a result, for example, the total voltage value of one power generation unit or a group of power generation units divided in consideration of safety is determined. You don't have to make it big.

(Second Embodiment) In a second embodiment of the present invention, in one solar cell module, an output switch capable of electrically opening and closing between a power generation unit and another power generation unit is provided. This solar cell module is characterized in that an output switch is provided only in the above section. Other points are the same as those of the first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit of a solar cell module according to a second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, only one switch 4 for opening and closing the output is provided in the solar cell module 1 in the middle of the power generation units 2a and 2b, that is, between the power generation units to reduce the output loss. . The solar cell module 1 outputs power generated in the power generation units 2a and 2b from an output terminal (output extraction terminal) 3. Although the output terminal 3 has been described in the first embodiment, the output terminal 3 may have a lead wire, or may have a lead wire and a waterproof connector ahead of the lead wire.

According to the present embodiment, the open / close state of this output path can be operated by only one switch 4. At the time of installation, the connection work can be performed safely by opening the switch 4 and performing the connection work of the solar cell module 1. After the connection work is completed, the switch 4 is closed to allow normal power generation.

By setting the switch 4 to the open state, the output open voltage of the solar cell module 1 can be changed to two regions (the power generation units 2a and 2b) having a smaller output open voltage, if necessary. Can be divided.

FIG. 2 shows that the solar cell module 1 has the diode 20. However, the diode may be provided separately from the power generation units 2a and 2b, or may be provided separately from the power generation units 2a and 2b. May be provided integrally with at least one of them. By providing the diode 20, when a part of the power generation unit is shaded, it is possible to prevent power loss caused by the power generation unit regulating the current and influence of the reverse voltage state on the power generation unit.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic power generation system according to this embodiment. As shown in the figure, in the present embodiment, the three solar cell modules 1, 11a, 11b of FIG. 2 are connected in series. Solar cell module 1, 11a, 1
By operating one of the open / close states of the switch 1b, the voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system can be divided into several regions. The method of division may be determined as appropriate, but it is preferable that the voltage in one divided section does not increase, in other words, it is a safe degree.
Further, if the voltage in the section is a safe level, it is not always necessary to open all switches of the photovoltaic power generation system.

Normally, the solar cell module is designed so that the insulation performance is ensured in the initial use and in normal use after installation. However, at the time of design, the possibility that insulation failure occurs due to an unpredictable cause cannot be denied. In the solar cell module 1, for any reason, for example, when an insulation failure portion 8 occurs as shown in FIG.
By opening the solar cell modules 1, 11a and 11b, the voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system including the defective insulation portion 8 can be divided into several regions from the occurrence of a failure to the repair. In addition, by opening the switch 4 of the failed solar cell module 1, the output open circuit voltage of the solar cell module 1 can be divided into a smaller desired output open circuit voltage or less. It is effective as a safety measure at the time of replacement.

In an emergency such as when an earthquake is expected, the switches 4 of the solar cell modules 1, 11a and 11b are opened in advance in consideration of electrical safety. It is also effective to divide the voltage of the power generation system into several regions. The voltage of the divided section is, for example, 75 V or less. The divided section may be a section sandwiching the power generation unit in the solar cell module or a section including the power generation unit of the adjacent solar cell module.

(Third Embodiment) FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.
It is a schematic diagram of the circuit of the solar cell module according to the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, in the present embodiment, a switch 4 for opening and closing an output is connected to a power generation unit 2 for the solar cell module 1.
A switch 40 for opening and closing the connection between the terminals is further provided in the middle of a and 2b, and further in the middle of the path of the diode 3 in parallel with the power generation unit group. The solar cell module 1 uses only one switch 4 that outputs the power generated in the power generation units 2 a and 2 b from the output terminal 3 by using only one switch 4.
The open / close state of the output path can be operated. The configuration is the same as that of the second embodiment except that a switch 40 for opening and closing connection between terminals is provided.

At the time of installation, etc., the connection work can be performed safely by opening the switch 4 and performing the connection work of the solar cell module 1. For example, when an initially good product is installed, the switch 40 of the module itself may be open or closed. What is important is that the switch 4 is kept in an open state when a good initial product is installed, so that the connection work can be performed particularly safely. After the connection work is completed, the switch 4 is closed so that normal power generation is possible.

Further, by opening the switches 4 and 40, the positive and negative output terminals 3 can be electrically disconnected. This is the case, for example, when it is desired to electrically disconnect the module from the module to be installed now, that is, from the entire system up to the point where the module has already been installed. In this case, the switches 4 and 40 of the connection destination module can be simultaneously opened to prevent a current from flowing between both sides of the switches 4 and 40.
Also, for example, this is a case where insulation failure occurs and it is desired to isolate the insulation failure location from the entire power generation system. In this case, in particular, the switches 4 and 40 can be simultaneously opened to prevent a current from flowing between both sides of the switches 4 and 40.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a circuit of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present embodiment. As shown in the figure, the present embodiment includes a region where the solar cell module 1 of FIG. 4 and solar cell modules 11a and 11b having the same shape as the solar cell module 1 are connected in series. Solar cell module 1, 11a, 1
By appropriately operating the switching state of the switches 4 and 40 of 1b, the voltage of the entire photovoltaic power generation system can be electrically divided into several regions.

In the solar cell module 1, for any reason, for example, as shown in FIG.
Occurs, the switches 4 and 40 of the photovoltaic modules 1 and 11b sandwiching the defective insulation portion 8 are merely opened, so that the defective insulation portion 8 is connected to the photovoltaic power generation system from the occurrence of the failure until the repair. Can be electrically disconnected from the

In this embodiment, there is a case where it is possible to operate safely even when only the switch 4 of the solar cell module 1 is opened and the other switches are closed. It is important to note that high voltage may
In order to avoid this, the solar cell module of the present embodiment can be preferably used. That is, not only the output switch 4 of the solar cell module 1 is opened but also the other output switches are opened as needed, in other words, so that high voltage is not applied to the insulation failure portion 8. The voltage in the photovoltaic power generation system can be divided more finely.

In this embodiment, the solar cell modules 11a and 11b sandwiching the solar cell module 1 are provided.
Only by setting the switches 4 and 40 in the open state, the failed solar cell module 1 can be electrically separated from the entire photovoltaic power generation system. as a result,
This is effective as a safety measure when replacing the solar cell module 1.

In an emergency such as when an earthquake is expected, the switches 4 and 40 of some of the solar cell modules are opened in advance in consideration of electrical safety, so that the It is effective to electrically divide the power generation system into several regions.

(Fourth Embodiment) FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a circuit of a solar cell module and a photovoltaic power generation system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, in the present embodiment, the solar cell modules 1, 11a,
11b and a region where they are connected in series. The configuration of the solar cell module 1 of this embodiment differs from that of the third embodiment in the position of a switch for opening and closing the connection between terminals, and the switch for opening and closing the output is used for opening and closing the connection between terminals. The power generation unit 2 (2a, 2a, 2a)
b) and the diode 20 are provided in the middle of the path between the point where the diode 20 is connected in parallel and one of the output terminals 3.

Normally, the solar cell module is designed so that the insulation performance is ensured in the initial use and in normal use after installation. However, the possibility that insulation failure occurs due to an unpredictable cause at the time of design cannot be denied. It is effective to use the solar cell module of the present embodiment, for example, in the case of a solar power generation system in which solar cell modules are installed close to each other, and it is assumed that insulation failure occurs simultaneously in two adjacent modules. . When, for example, defective insulation portions 8a and 8b occur in the two adjacent solar cell modules 1 and 11b for some reason, the switches 4 of the solar cell modules 11a and 11b sandwiching the defective insulation portions 8a and 8b are opened. By doing so, during the period from the occurrence of the failure to the repair, the insulation defective portion 8a,
8b can be electrically disconnected from the photovoltaic power system. The switch 4 of the solar cell module 1
By setting d to the open state, the insulation failure portions 8a, 8b
Can be electrically disconnected.

(Fifth Embodiment) FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a circuit of a solar cell module and a photovoltaic power generation system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, in the present embodiment, the solar cell modules 1, 11a,
11b and a region where they are connected in series. This solar cell module 1 is structurally different from the solar cell module according to the fourth embodiment in that the power generation unit 2 is not divided into two, and therefore is arranged between the power generation units 2a and 2b in FIG. There is no switch 4 that has been used. That is, as the switch, a switch 4d which also serves as a switch for output switching and a switch for switching connection between terminals is connected between the point where the power generation unit 2 and the diode 20 are connected in parallel and one output terminal 3. The point is that only one is provided in the middle of the route. The solar cell module 1 can control the open / closed state of this output path by using only one switch 4d that outputs the power generated in the power generation unit 2 from the output terminal 3.

Further, since only one switch is provided in one solar cell module, the number of switches in the photovoltaic power generation system constituted by the solar cell modules is reduced. As a result, output loss due to the switch can be omitted. At the time of installation or the like, the connection work can be performed safely by opening the switch 4d and performing the connection work of the solar cell module 1. After the connection work is completed, the switch 4d is closed so that normal power generation is possible. Further, by opening the switch 4d, the + -output terminal 3 can be electrically disconnected. This solar cell system can be electrically divided into several regions by operating the open / close state of only one switch 4d for each of the solar cell modules 1, 11a, 11b.

In the solar cell module 1, for example, if an insulation unnecessary portion 8 occurs for some reason, the solar cell modules 1, 11 sandwiching the poor insulation portion 8.
Only by opening the switch 4d of “a”, the defective insulation portion 8 can be electrically separated from the photovoltaic power generation system from the occurrence of a failure to the repair. Also,
Solar cell module 11 sandwiching solar cell module 1
The failed solar cell module 1 can be electrically disconnected from the entire photovoltaic power generation system only by opening the switches 4d of the a and 11b, and the safety at the time of replacement of the solar cell module 1 can be maintained. It is effective as a measure. This type of solar cell module outputs a certain low voltage, and there is little concern about the safety of a single unit. This configuration is effective in optimizing manufacturing costs, management costs, and the like as necessary.

In an emergency such as when an earthquake is expected, the switches 4d of some of the photovoltaic modules are opened in consideration of electrical safety, so that the photovoltaic power generation system can be set in advance. Is electrically divided into several regions.

(Sixth Embodiment) FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a circuit of a solar cell module according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, in the present embodiment, a switch 4 for opening and closing an output is provided between the power generation units 2a and 2b (between the power generation units) and the power generation units 2b and 2
One each is provided in the middle of c. By setting the switch 4 to the open state, the output open-circuit voltage of the solar cell module 1 can be electrically divided into the power generating units 2a, 2b, and 2c, which are three regions having smaller output open-circuit voltages. In the case where the solar cell module 1 is of a type capable of generating a high output open-circuit voltage or the like, as in this embodiment, a plurality of switches 4 are provided between the power generation units as necessary, and each power generation unit is provided with a desired output. It is effective to be able to divide into areas below the open circuit voltage. This embodiment is a specific example of what has been described as an embodiment having three or more power generation units in the first embodiment.

(Seventh Embodiment) FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a circuit of a solar cell module according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, in the present embodiment, the point that one switch 4 is provided in the middle of the power generation units 2a and 2b with respect to the solar cell module 1 is the same as the first embodiment,
The difference is that in the present embodiment, the path of the diode 20 is individually provided in parallel with the power generation units 2a and 2b, and the switch 4d is provided with a switch for output switching and a switch for terminal connection switching. It is also a switch. As described above, depending on the conditions of the solar cell module embodying the present invention, the switch 4d which doubles as a switch for opening and closing the output and a switch for opening and closing the connection between the terminals can be provided. This is effective in optimizing costs and the like.

(Eighth Embodiment) FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a circuit of a solar cell module according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, in the present embodiment, a switch 4 d which also serves as a switch for opening and closing output and a switch for opening and closing connection between terminals is provided between the two power generation units 2 for the solar cell module 1. There is one. The solar cell module 1
The power generated in the power generation unit 2 including one or more photovoltaic elements is output from the output terminal 3. In this drawing, one photovoltaic element constituting the power generation unit is indicated by one circle. The open / close state of this output path and the open / close state between the + and-output terminals 3 can be operated by the switch 4d. The switch 4d is provided in an output terminal box 100 shown by a dotted line, and is remotely operated by an electric signal by a remote operation means such as a power signal input line (not shown). The switch 4d is set to be open when there is no input signal.

When the switch 4d is installed, the connection work can be safely performed by connecting the solar cell module 1 with the switch 4d opened in the absence of an input signal. After the connection work is completed, an input signal for closing the switch 4d is input without moving the solar cell module, and the switch 4d can be closed, so that normal power generation can be performed. Become. Further, by providing the switch 4d in the output terminal box of the solar cell module, it is possible to use the performance of the output terminal box, such as insulation performance, waterproof performance, and mechanical strength, which are secured in advance.

Also, in a solar power generation system using the solar cell modules of the present embodiment, in the event of an emergency such as when an earthquake is expected, electrical safety is taken into consideration and switches of some of the solar cell modules are taken into consideration. It is effective to electrically divide the photovoltaic power generation system into several regions in advance by opening 4d. At this time, the switch 4d can be remotely operated by an electric signal,
In operating the switch 4d of each solar cell module,
In particular, there is no need to remove the solar cell module from the installed state, and it is also possible to centrally control the operation in one place such as an electrical equipment management room. Also, if the above-mentioned countermeasures are not taken beforehand and any abnormality occurs such that the electric input signal is cut off, the switch 4d is automatically opened because there is no input signal. The photovoltaic system is electrically divided into several areas.

(Ninth Embodiment) A ninth embodiment of the present invention relates to each of the solar cell modules described in the first embodiment. Shows the configuration installed in.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view schematically showing the operation of switches of a plurality of solar cell modules installed at the installation location. In the present embodiment, the solar cell module 1
, A switch 4 is provided between the output extraction terminal 3 and the output terminal box 5.

The output terminal box 5 is provided on an output path connecting the switch 4 and a power generation unit as a photovoltaic element. Further, the switch 4 in the figure is a switch 4b directly connected to the terminal 3 in the first embodiment.
That is.

FIG. 11 shows the manner in which the solar cell module 1 is installed in the receiving jig 6 where the solar cell module 1 is installed, and one solar cell module 1 is connected to the other solar cell module 1.
1 is a diagram illustrating a state of being connected to 1. Therefore, for convenience, the power generation unit provided on the light receiving surface side of the solar cell module 1 is not illustrated. In addition, a dotted line is used to illustrate that the switch 4 and the terminal box 5 are provided on the back surface of the light receiving surface.

The switch 4 is mounted at a position where it can be operated only by slightly lifting the solar cell module 1 obliquely.
After the switch 4 is opened and the output terminal 3 is safely connected to the output terminal 3 of the adjacent solar cell module 11, the operator can open and close the solar cell module 1 without moving the solar cell module 1 further from its working position. It is possible to operate the vessel 4. In other words, in this case, without worrying about the occurrence of a connection failure by moving the solar cell module 1, it is possible to move the solar cell module 1 up and down to the rear surface side of the solar cell module 1 without turning over the solar cell module 1 without turning over. The switch 4 can be operated. Therefore, the switch 4 can be easily closed, and the same operation as during normal installation, such as mounting the solar cell module 1 on the jig 6, can be performed to complete the installation.

It should be noted that the switch 4, ie, the opening / closing portion and the input section for operating the switch 4 are separated from each other, and the input section is provided at a position where the operation is easy. It is valid.

In this embodiment, the portion of the solar cell module supported by the receiving jig is bent in a U-shape with respect to the light receiving surface, and as a result, the solar cell module itself has a light receiving surface side space. are doing. It is a preferable mode that the solar cell module is electrically connected to the other solar cell module on the back surface side of the light receiving surface, for example, in that the weather resistance is improved.

This embodiment is not limited to the first embodiment, but can be applied to any of the above-described embodiments, and the same effects can be obtained.

(Tenth Embodiment) FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a solar cell module and a photovoltaic power generation system according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention from the light receiving surface side. In the present embodiment, the solar cell module 1 is a fixedly used solar cell module. More specifically, the solar cell module 1 is a roof-integrated solar cell module, in other words, a solar cell module having a horizontal roof structure. As shown in FIG. 1, in the present embodiment, a switch 4 that also serves as a switch for opening and closing an output and a switch for opening and closing a connection between terminals is provided on the solar cell module 1 with the power generation unit 2 (not shown). Illustrated diode 2
One is provided in the middle of the path between the output terminal 3 and the point where 0 is connected in parallel. The other parts are the same as in the ninth embodiment. The solar cell module 1 includes a power generation unit 2 (not shown).
Is output from the output terminal 3. The open / close state of this output path and the open / close state between the + and − output terminals 3 can be operated by the switch 4. Switch 4
More specifically, is provided between the output terminal box 5 and the output terminal 3 and is arranged at a position where the solar cell module can be operated with the solar cell module fixed, in this case, simply by removing the cover 7 at the roof end.

When the switch 4 is installed, the connection work and the installation work can be performed safely by opening the switch 4 and performing the connection work of the solar cell module 1. After the installation work is completed, the switch 4 can be closed without particularly moving the solar cell module,
Normal power generation is possible.

When the solar cell module 1 is of a building-integrated type and uses a fixed solar cell module, such as the roof-integrated solar cell module of the present embodiment, fixing and removing the solar cell module itself. In many cases, a considerable number of preparation periods and actual work steps are required for work. In addition, since the roof-integrated solar cell module has not only a function as a solar cell but also a function as a roof, it is difficult to carry out only removal work in advance. In such a case, if the insulation failure occurs for some reason after the installation, it is only necessary to remove the cover 7 at the roof end of the present embodiment until the repair work and the replacement work of the solar cell module can be performed. It is effective to operate the operable switch 4 to electrically separate the solar cell module in which insulation failure has occurred from the entire photovoltaic power generation system.

That is, the solar cell module according to the present embodiment is configured so as to be engaged with another adjacent solar cell module in a state where the height position of the light receiving surface is different from each other. Further, the solar cell module of the present embodiment may be fixed by, for example, the cover 7.

(Eleventh Embodiment) FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a solar cell from a light receiving surface of a solar cell module according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention to a back surface of the light receiving surface. FIG. In the present embodiment, the solar cell module 1 is a fixedly used solar cell module, and is a roof integrated high voltage solar cell module for a large building. In this figure, the solar cell module 1 has an upper right upper end and a lower left lower end. One switch 4 is provided in each of the two output terminal boxes 5, and one switch 4 connecting both power generation units between the two power generation units 2 is further provided.
Is provided. The switch 4 is remotely operable. After the switch 4 is opened and the output terminal 3 is safely connected to the output terminal 3 of the adjacent solar cell and installed, the operator particularly connects the solar cell module 1. The switch 4 can be operated without moving from the installation position. That is, in this case, after the solar cell module 1 is installed, the switch 4 can be opened and closed without being removed. As a remote control method, various methods such as an electric method, a mechanical method, an optical method, and a magnetic method can be considered. In the present embodiment, the electric method is used. That is, the switching operation of the switch 4 is controlled by the electric control cable 8.

The switch for enabling remote control may be provided in a switch connecting between the power generating units, or may be provided in a switch connecting between the modules. It is particularly preferable because opening and closing operations are extremely easy.

It is also effective to use, as the switch 4, a switch which opens in an open state without an input signal, assuming an emergency such as an earthquake.

In the case where the solar cell module 1 is of a building-integrated type or the like, such as the high-voltage solar cell module with a roof for a large building of the present embodiment, in which the solar cell module is fixed and used, In many cases, a considerable number of moves are required for removal work. In such a case, if an insulation failure occurs after installation, it is not possible to disconnect the module where the insulation failure occurred from the system and make it electrically independent by the switch 4 until the repair work can be performed. , Very effective. Further, in the case of a high-voltage solar cell module, assuming a case where insulation failure occurs at two or more locations in the same module, the switch 4 allows the solar cell module to be divided into sufficiently low-voltage power generating units. Is also more effective.

The present embodiment is characterized in that the opening / closing means can be remotely operated as described above, and is applicable to any of the above-described first to tenth embodiments.

(Twelfth Embodiment) FIG. 14 is a schematic sectional view of a solar cell module according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the switch 4 on the back side of the light receiving surface of the solar cell module is provided in the output terminal box 5, and the insulation performance and waterproof performance of the output terminal box 5,
Protected by mechanical strength. As for the output terminal 3, as in the normal case, the insulating performance is achieved by the sealant 9 or the like.
Waterproof performance etc. are ensured. Similarly, the electric control cable 8 can ensure insulation performance, waterproof performance, and the like by the sealant 9 and the like.

As described above, by providing the output terminal box 5 of the solar cell module 1 with the switch 4 as an output opening / closing means, the performance of the output terminal box 5, for example, insulation performance, waterproof performance, mechanical strength and the like can be improved. Can be used. In addition, the present embodiment may be used for a switch connecting between power generation units, or as a switch having terminals 3 and lead wires, that is, a switch connecting solar modules as shown in FIG. Good.

[0088]

As described above, according to the present invention, the output opening / closing means is disposed in the solar cell module itself at a position where the power generation unit can be electrically divided, or the output terminal connecting / opening means is provided. By opening the opening / closing means, safety can be easily and reliably secured at the time of installation work, at the time of repair, or at the time of emergency such as when an earthquake is expected, etc. . In addition, since the opening / closing means is provided in the solar cell module itself, the degree of freedom in system design is increased, the workability for ensuring safety is improved, and the work required time can be shortened. Particularly in an emergency, safety can be ensured without the need for a special jig when working.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a solar cell module according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a circuit of a solar cell module according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a circuit of a photovoltaic power generation system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a circuit of a solar cell module according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a circuit of a photovoltaic power generation system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a circuit of a photovoltaic power generation system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a circuit of a photovoltaic power generation system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a circuit of a solar cell module according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a circuit of a solar cell module according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a circuit of a solar cell module according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a state of mounting a solar cell module according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing a state where a solar cell module according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention is mounted.

FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing a cross section of a solar cell module according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing a cross section of a solar cell module according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an electric circuit diagram showing an example of a conventional solar cell module and a photovoltaic power generation system.

FIG. 16 is an electric circuit diagram showing another example of a conventional solar cell module and a photovoltaic power generation system.

FIG. 17 is an electric circuit diagram showing another example of a conventional solar cell module.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 11a, 11b: solar cell module, 2, 2a,
2b, 2c: power generation unit, 20: diode, 3: output terminal, 4, 4a, 4b, 4d, 40: switch, 8, 8a,
8b: poor insulation location, 100: output terminal box, 7: roof end cover, 101: switch element, 102: photovoltaic element, 103: circuit network, 104: output section, 105: diode, 106, 206a, 206b: poor insulation location
211: panel frame, 214: DC circuit breaker, 217a,
217b: output terminal, 221: constant current power supply, 222: silicon diode group.

Claims (43)

[Claims] 1. A solar cell module having a photovoltaic element and an output terminal for outputting electric power generated by the photovoltaic element, wherein at least one output for controlling output to the output terminal is provided. A solar cell module comprising switching means, wherein at least one of the output switching means is arranged at a position at which the photovoltaic element is electrically divided. 2. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the open-circuit voltage of each photovoltaic element electrically divided by said output switching means is 75 V or less. 3. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the opening / closing means can be operated without moving the solar cell module. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the apparatus is of a fixed type.
A solar cell module according to item 1. 5. The solar cell module according to claim 3, wherein an input section for operating the opening / closing means is provided at a position where the operation can be performed without moving the solar cell module. 6. The solar cell module according to claim 5, wherein the input unit is located outside an inner side of 1 m from an end of the solar cell module. 7. The solar cell module according to claim 4, wherein the opening / closing means is remotely operable. 8. The solar cell module according to claim 7, wherein the opening / closing means is remotely operated by an electric signal. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said opening / closing means operates in accordance with the presence / absence of an input signal, and is open when said input signal is absent. Solar cell module. 10. The solar cell module according to claim 1, further comprising an output terminal box, wherein said opening / closing means is provided therein. 11. A solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 10. 12. An output open-close voltage between the output open / close means of the solar cell module and another output open / close means is 75V.
12. The device according to claim 11, wherein the device is arranged at the following position.
A photovoltaic power generation system according to item 1. 13. A solar cell module having a photovoltaic element and an output terminal for outputting electric power generated by the photovoltaic element, wherein at least one output for controlling output to the output terminal is provided. Switching means, and at least one output terminal connection switching means for controlling an electrical connection between the output terminals, wherein the output switching means is any one of A solar cell module, wherein at least one photovoltaic element is disposed between the output switching means. 14. The solar cell module according to claim 13, wherein said output opening / closing means also functions as said output terminal connection opening / closing means. 15. The solar cell module according to claim 13, wherein an output open-circuit voltage of each photovoltaic element between said output switching means is 75 V or less. 16. The solar cell module according to claim 13, wherein the opening / closing means can be operated without moving the solar cell module. 17. The solar cell module according to claim 16, wherein the solar cell module is of a fixed type. 18. The solar cell module according to claim 16, wherein an input section for activating the opening / closing means is provided at a position where the operation can be performed without moving the solar cell module. 19. The solar cell module according to claim 18, wherein the input unit is located outside an inner side of 1 m from an end of the solar cell module. 20. The solar cell module according to claim 16, wherein said opening / closing means is remotely operable. 21. The solar cell module according to claim 20, wherein said opening / closing means is remotely operated by an electric signal. 22. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the opening / closing means operates in accordance with the presence or absence of an input signal, and is open when there is no input signal. Solar cell module. 23. The solar cell module according to claim 13, further comprising an output terminal box, wherein said opening / closing means is provided therein. 24. A photovoltaic power generation system comprising at least one photovoltaic cell module according to claim 13. 25. An output open-close voltage between the output open / close means of the solar cell module and another output open / close means is 75V.
25. The device according to claim 24, wherein the device is arranged at a position where:
A photovoltaic power generation system according to item 1. 26. A solar cell module having a photovoltaic element and an output terminal, comprising: output means capable of opening and closing the output of the output terminal, wherein the output switching means controls a plurality of voltages in the solar cell module. A solar cell module, which is arranged at a position where it can be divided into sections. 27. The solar cell module according to claim 26, wherein a plurality of said photovoltaic elements are provided. 28. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the output switching means is provided between the plurality of photovoltaic elements.
7. The solar cell module according to 7. 29. The solar cell module according to claim 26, wherein a diode is provided in parallel with said output terminal from said photovoltaic element to a branch point. 30. An output switching device different from said output switching device, wherein said another output switching device is disposed in series with said diode.
The solar cell module as described. 31. An apparatus according to claim 29, further comprising an output opening / closing means different from said output opening / closing means, wherein said another output opening / closing means is provided between said output terminal and said branch point. The solar cell module as described. 32. The solar cell module according to claim 29, wherein said output opening / closing means is provided between said output terminal and said branch point. 33. The solar cell module according to claim 27, further comprising a plurality of diodes provided in parallel with each of the plurality of photovoltaic elements. 34. The output switching means being provided between a photovoltaic element group including a plurality of the photovoltaic elements and another photovoltaic element that does not constitute the photovoltaic element group. 27. The solar cell module according to claim 26, wherein: 35. The solar cell module according to claim 26, wherein the voltage between the sections electrically divided by said output switching means is 75 V or less. 36. The sun according to claim 26, further comprising an input unit, wherein the input unit is provided at a position where the output opening / closing unit can be opened / closed without moving the solar cell module. Battery module. 37. The solar cell module according to claim 36, wherein the input portion is provided outside an inner side of the solar cell module by lm. 38. The solar cell module according to claim 26, wherein said opening / closing means is remotely operable. 39. The solar cell module according to claim 26, wherein said output opening / closing means operates according to the presence or absence of an input signal, and is open when there is no input signal. 40. The solar cell module according to claim 26, further comprising an output terminal box, wherein said output opening / closing means is provided inside said output terminal box. 41. A solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell module according to claim 26, comprising a plurality of solar cell modules. 42. The output switching means of the solar cell module is provided such that a voltage between the output switching means of another solar cell module and the output switching means of the solar cell module is 75 V or less. The solar power generation system as described. 43. A solar cell module having a first photovoltaic element, a second photovoltaic element, and an output terminal, comprising: an output opening / closing means capable of opening and closing the output terminal. The solar cell module, wherein the output switching means is provided in a path between the first photovoltaic element and the second photovoltaic element.