EP2457411B1 - Flexible heating element - Google Patents

Flexible heating element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2457411B1
EP2457411B1 EP10726053.1A EP10726053A EP2457411B1 EP 2457411 B1 EP2457411 B1 EP 2457411B1 EP 10726053 A EP10726053 A EP 10726053A EP 2457411 B1 EP2457411 B1 EP 2457411B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
resistance heating
structure according
flat structure
electrode
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Application number
EP10726053.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2457411A1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Gerken
Jürgen BÜHRING
Roland Freudenmann
Dorthe Wittje
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Benecke Kaliko AG
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Benecke Kaliko AG
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Publication of EP2457411A1 publication Critical patent/EP2457411A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/007—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple electrically connected resistive elements or resistive zones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/016—Heaters using particular connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/036—Heaters specially adapted for garment heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heatable, flexible sheet material as an interior trim part for a vehicle, which is a flexible, planar resistance heating element of electrically conductive material and at least two connected to the resistance heating element, spaced apart, possibly also flat electrodes for feeding electrical current in having the resistance heating element.
  • Sheet-like structures with electrically conductive planar elements are known and, provided that they are connected to electrodes and can be supplied with current, are essentially used as heating elements.
  • conductive elements for other functions are known in neighboring fields, such as electromagnetic shielding or as a flat conductor tracks for signal elements in films, but presents itself in flat heaters due to the currents required there a particular challenge in terms on the connection of the lead electrodes with the resistance heating element.
  • the DE 10 2007 042 644 A1 discloses contacting banded electrodes to an electrically conductive flexible sheet, wherein the fixing of the electrodes on the conductive sheet carrier is accomplished by means of seams intended to press the electrode against an electrically conductive coating of the substrate.
  • This type of contacting has the disadvantage that the intimacy of the contact determines the contact resistance. If the suturing is not carried out firmly enough or if the sutures loosen as a result of damage or thread fatigue, sufficient conductivity is no longer present in the contact area and the heating effect of the fabric is weakened or lost.
  • Sewing also has the disadvantage that locally under the seam, i. a high pressure with a low contact resistance is produced under the respective contacting wire (dot support), whereas between the seams there is a lower pressure with a significantly higher contact resistance, since the electrode is pressed less strongly against the conductive coating. This results in an unevenness of the electrical contact resistance along the electrode, so that this also has an effect on the homogeneity of the heating power of the textile fabric.
  • the US 2 961 522 A discloses a flexible heating element formed as a flexible film with a thin metal overlay and usable inter alia as an interior trim element for vehicles, wherein the contacting of the heating element with metal strips, which are pressed with clamps and a metal paste.
  • the contacting shown here is thereby relatively expensive to manufacture.
  • the object was to provide a heatable sheet with an improved contact with the electrodes, wherein the sheet can be used as a flexible and resilient surface heating, especially in vehicle interiors, the contact is safe and durable and even at high current load Prevents damage or overheating of the contact areas and reduces the contact resistance.
  • brackets or clamps are provided with oppositely acting jaws which embrace the respective electrode - and of course also parts of the resistance heating element - and press the electrode non-positively and / or positively on the resistance heating element , wherein the clip or clamp is designed as a spring clip.
  • the sheet according to the invention With the formation of the sheet according to the invention, a very simple possibility of contacting arises without costly additional operations, such as the bonding or sewing of electrodes. Likewise, there is a very flexible positioning of the electrodes, as can be easily compensated by the clamping tolerances in the production and during assembly. Also, the positioning of the electrodes can be corrected very easily.
  • the type of contacting is insensitive to dynamic and climatic loads and, of course, to aging effects due to its robust clamping compared to other types of fastening.
  • the inventive design provides a uniform contact over the entire electrode length on the contact pressure of the spring or clip.
  • the invention can be used anywhere where decorative interior materials are used (transport, shipbuilding, furniture, etc.), as well as in the fashionable technical field (shoes, bags, clothing, etc.), so in general, wherever textiles are coated.
  • the invention can be used everywhere where textile electrically conductive surface heating can be used, e.g. in living areas as wallpaper heaters.
  • the resistance heating element is connected to a flat carrier material made of non-conductive material. So that can the strength of the entire and consisting of the sheet-like resistance heating element made of electrically conductive material and a resilient sheet-like support member composite system adapted for many applications, such as in the field of stressed interior trim of vehicles, or in said underfloor heating, coverings for frost-prone roads or Bridge areas etc.
  • the resistance heating element is designed as a braid or knitted fabric of metallic wires or filaments.
  • a further advantageous embodiment is that the resistance heating element is formed as a layer or foil of electrically conductive material.
  • such coatings are useful in conductive materials such as are known in the art, such as slurried metal powders applied in a plastic matrix or as particulate powders Core-shell morphology, where the shell is conductive.
  • resistance heating element is formed as a layer of a conductive polymer, namely a polymer in which conductive particles are introduced in sufficient quantity.
  • a further advantageous embodiment is that the resistance heating element is formed lattice-shaped, for example, as a lattice-shaped coating of conductive polymer, as a result, the flexibility of the conductive coating is increased, the amount of conductive material is reduced and the resistance line by the geometric design of the Grid bars can be set exactly and even in different areas.
  • a further advantageous embodiment is that the electrode is formed as part of at least one jaw. This simplifies the construction insofar as serve the jaws simultaneously as an electrode and no separately conductive rods, films or plates must be used as electrodes.
  • the electrode is formed as a band electrode - i. more wide than high, so it is flat - and is pressed with the jaws on the resistance heating element.
  • the conductive material of the electrode in terms of conductivity and strength are adapted to the particular application exactly.
  • a band electrode made of a thin aluminum strip is sufficient, a copper strip several centimeters wide may already be attached to a large-area textile wall heating.
  • a further advantageous embodiment is that the band electrode is pressed on one side on the resistance heating element. This results in a particularly easy to produce possibility of contacting the fabric of the invention.
  • a further advantageous embodiment is that the resistance heating element contacts the band electrode on several sides, i. around the tape electrode is "beaten” and thus the resistance heating element wraps around the tape electrode and is pressed on both sides of the latter. This of course increases the available contact area and significantly reduces the contact resistance, thus allowing the transmission of higher currents.
  • the electrode is located after partially folding the flexible resistance heating element - possibly a flexible resistance heating element provided with the support - between the two surfaces of the flexible resistance heating element, wherein a clamp presses both surfaces against the electrode.
  • additional layers can also be introduced on one or both sides of the electrode to form a larger distance between the two surfaces of the flexible resistance heating element, wherein at least one side of the electrode must of course be designed to be electrically conductive.
  • This design with further inserted layers or bands has the additional advantage that in the case of turning the buckling edge of the flexible resistance heating element and / or the support material can be defused, in which the thickness of the electrode is chosen so that the radius at the bending edge sufficient it is great that the conductivity of the flexible resistance heating element is not damaged by a too sharp kink.
  • the same effect can also be achieved by underfeeding or overfeeding the inserted electrode before compressing it with a conductive or nonconductive material
  • the electrode has a multilayer structure and, in addition to a layer of conductive material, has at least one carrier or additional layer.
  • an additional electrically conductive strip of metal, metal components, conductive textiles, carbon fibers, carbon fiber components, or conductive plastics, plastic preparations with conductive additives or adhesives are inserted so that this band by the pressure of the spring or clamp is pressed together with the electrode.
  • the brackets can also be designed in the manner of a wide "alligator clip", wherein the width of the brackets favorably corresponds to the desired contact length of the electrodes on the flexible conductive support.
  • the contact width of the electrodes can be determined across the width of the pressure surface of the brackets.
  • the clamps or clamps - in addition to a design with smooth pressing surfaces - provided with a specially shaped surfaces of the clamp jaws.
  • clamping jaws whose contacting clamping surfaces have clamping profiles, such as serrations, teeth, increased roughnesses or protrusions, or other serrated surfaces which additionally protect the clamp against slipping are also possible here.
  • the contacting via special brackets can of course also be carried out in addition to other contacting methods.
  • electrodes that are sewn, sewn, soldered, crimped, or glued (with a conductive adhesive) can be additionally contacted via the inventive design of the flexible resistance heating element.
  • a further advantageous embodiment is that the electrodes are connected to the sheet carrier material, wherein z. B. the electrodes are already foamed in a center console of a vehicle.
  • electrodes can already be embedded in a support for the flexible electrically conductive resistance heating element, wherein during assembly specially executed clamps press the resistance heating element against these electrodes.
  • these electrodes may be present in a molded plastic carrier for a center console or door side, whereafter this carrier is then provided with the conductive resistance heating element and the contacting takes place in a later invisible area via clamps or springs.
  • thermoelectric fabric it is also possible with the heatable fabric according to the invention that more than two electrodes are connected to the conductive flexible resistance heating element.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a fabric according to the invention 100, which consists of a flexible, planar resistance heating element 1 of electrically conductive material and of an electrically non-conductive planar support 2.
  • the flexible, flat resistance heating element 1 is in this case designed as a grid-shaped coating of conductive polymer and connected to two spaced-apart electrodes 3 for supplying electrical current.
  • brackets 4 are provided with oppositely acting clamping jaws which embrace the respective electrode 3 and the fabric 100 while pressing the electrode 3 non-positively on the resistance heating element 1.
  • the electrodes 3 are designed as a flexible band of an electrically conductive material and fixed on the flat support by the brackets so that at least one surface of the band-shaped electrode is in areally in contact with the electrically conductive coating
  • Fig. 2 shows the contacting of the fabric 100 according to Fig. 1 again on average.
  • the electrode 3 is located between the conductive flexible resistance heating element 1 and the clamp 4.
  • Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the contacting of the sheet 100, in which the resistance heating element 1 and of course the non-conductive planar support 2 are "beaten" around the belt electrode and thus the belt electrode 3, the resistance heating element 1 with its top and bottom, ie contacted on several sides.
  • the resistance heating element 1 thus wraps around the band electrode 3 and is pressed by the clip 4 on both sides of the band electrode 3.
  • the bending edge resulting from the folding over can be defused by selecting the thickness of the electrode so that the radius at the bend edge is sufficiently large so that the conductivity of the flexible support is not damaged by too sharp a bend.
  • Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of the contacting of the sheet 100, in which the electrode 3 is provided on its upper side with an additional carrier or reinforcing layer 5 of non-conductive material.
  • the electrode can also be lined on both sides, so that additional layers to a higher spacing of the two surfaces of the flexible sheet 100 and the conductive flexible resistance heating element 1 are introduced, however, at least one side of the electrode 3 with electrically conductive layers must be provided.
  • Electrodes 3 and resistance heating element 1 it is also possible for layers to improve the contact between electrode 3 and resistance heating element 1 to be inserted, for example an additional electrically conductive strip of metal, with metal components, of conductive textiles, of carbon fibers, with carbon fiber constituents, or with conductive plastics, plastic preparations with conductive additives ,
  • Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of the contacting of the sheet 100, in which the brackets are integrally formed as spring clips 6 made of plastic.
  • spring clips can be very easy to produce and assemble, for example, by continuous casting or extrusion and can otherwise consist of any materials, including copper or aluminum.
  • Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the contacting of the sheet 100, in which the clamps 4 are formed so that their clamping surfaces of the jaws have protruding teeth 7 and thus are designed in the manner of a wide crocodile clip.
  • the width of the brackets corresponds to the desired contact length of the electrodes on the resistance heating element.
  • the contact width of the electrodes can be determined across the width of the pressure surface of the brackets.
  • brackets as such may be implemented as an electrode so that there is a conductive contact between at least one of the pressing surfaces of the brackets and the conductive coating.
  • a separate tape electrode can even be dispensed with.
  • Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of the contacting of the sheet 100, in which the brackets 4 are formed so that their clamping surfaces are pressed by an additional locking clip 8.
  • the additional closure clip 8 is provided with a clip mechanism, ie with a latching closure in the manner of a suspenders bracket.
  • Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of the contacting of the sheet 100, in which the brackets 4 are formed so that their clamping surfaces are pressed by an additional closure bracket or ring 9, which is pushed onto the brackets.
  • the additional locking ring 9 is fixed by a toothing or locking means and secured against slipping.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein heizbares, flexibles Flächengebilde als Innenverkleidungsteil für ein Fahrzeug, welches ein flexibles, flächiges Widerstands-Heizelement aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material und mindestens zwei mit dem Widerstands-Heizelement verbundene, voneinander beabstandete , ggf. ebenfalls flächige Elektroden zum Einspeisen von elektrischem Strom in das Widerstands-Heizelement aufweist.The invention relates to a heatable, flexible sheet material as an interior trim part for a vehicle, which is a flexible, planar resistance heating element of electrically conductive material and at least two connected to the resistance heating element, spaced apart, possibly also flat electrodes for feeding electrical current in having the resistance heating element.

Flächengebilde mit elektrisch leitfähigen flächigen Elementen sind bekannt und werden, sofern sie mit Elektroden verbunden sind und mit Strom beaufschlagt werden können, im Wesentlichen als Heizelemente genutzt. Auch sind in benachbarten Fachgebieten andere Anwendungen im Zusammenhang mit flächigen, leitfähigen Elemente für andere Funktionen bekannt, etwa zur elektromagnetischen Abschirmung oder auch als flächige Leiterbahnen für Signalelemente in Folien, jedoch stellt sich gerade bei flächigen Heizungen aufgrund der dort benötigten Stromstärken eine besondere Herausforderung im Hinblick auf die Verbindung der Zuleitungselektroden mit dem Widerstands-Heizelement.Sheet-like structures with electrically conductive planar elements are known and, provided that they are connected to electrodes and can be supplied with current, are essentially used as heating elements. Also, other applications in connection with planar, conductive elements for other functions are known in neighboring fields, such as electromagnetic shielding or as a flat conductor tracks for signal elements in films, but presents itself in flat heaters due to the currents required there a particular challenge in terms on the connection of the lead electrodes with the resistance heating element.

Die DE 10 2007 042 644 A1 offenbart eine Kontaktierung von als Band ausgeführten Elektroden an ein elektrisch leitfähiges, flexibles Flächengebilde, wobei die Fixierung der Elektroden auf dem leitfähigen, flächigen Träger mit Hilfe von Nähten erfolgt, die zu einem Anpressen der Elektrode an eine elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung des Trägers führen sollen. Diese Art der Kontaktierung hat den Nachteil, dass die Innigkeit des Kontaktes den Übergangswiderstand bestimmt. Wird die Vernähung nicht fest genug ausgeführt oder lösen sich die Nähte infolge von Beschädigungen oder Fadenermüdung, ist eine ausreichende Leitfähigkeit im Kontaktbereich nicht mehr gegeben und die Heizwirkung des Flächengebildes wird geschwächt oder geht verloren.The DE 10 2007 042 644 A1 discloses contacting banded electrodes to an electrically conductive flexible sheet, wherein the fixing of the electrodes on the conductive sheet carrier is accomplished by means of seams intended to press the electrode against an electrically conductive coating of the substrate. This type of contacting has the disadvantage that the intimacy of the contact determines the contact resistance. If the suturing is not carried out firmly enough or if the sutures loosen as a result of damage or thread fatigue, sufficient conductivity is no longer present in the contact area and the heating effect of the fabric is weakened or lost.

Insbesondere bei der Verwendung der Folie als Sitzheizung im Automobil, d.h. unter dynamischen und klimatischen Belastungen und über eine längere Zeit, kann eine solche Dauerbelastung Funktionsveränderungen im Betrieb einer Sitzheizung führen.In particular, when using the film as a seat heater in the automobile, i. under dynamic and climatic loads and over a long period of time, such a continuous load may cause functional changes in the operation of a seat heater.

Das Aufnähen hat zudem den Nachteil, dass lokal unter der Naht, d.h. unter dem jeweiligen in Kontakt stehenden Draht (Punktauflage) ein hoher Druck mit einem niedrigen Übergangswiderstand entsteht, wohingegen zwischen den Nähten ein niedrigerer Druck mit einem deutlich höheren Übergangswiderstand besteht, da hier die Elektrode weniger stark gegen die leitfähige Beschichtung gepresst wird. Dadurch entsteht entlang der Elektrode eine Ungleichmäßigkeit der elektrischen Übergangswiderstände, so dass dieses auch Auswirkungen auf die Homogenität der Heizleistung des textilen Flächengebildes hat.Sewing also has the disadvantage that locally under the seam, i. a high pressure with a low contact resistance is produced under the respective contacting wire (dot support), whereas between the seams there is a lower pressure with a significantly higher contact resistance, since the electrode is pressed less strongly against the conductive coating. This results in an unevenness of the electrical contact resistance along the electrode, so that this also has an effect on the homogeneity of the heating power of the textile fabric.

Die US 2 961 522 A offenbart ein flexibles Heizelement, ausgebildet als flexibler Film mit einer dünnen Metallauflage und unter anderem verwendbar als Innenverkleidungselement für Fahrzeuge, wobei die Kontaktierung des Heizelements mit Metallstreifen erfolgt, die mit Klemmen und einer Metallpaste aufgepresst werden. Die hier gezeigte Kontaktierung ist dadurch in ihrer Herstellung relativ aufwendig.The US 2 961 522 A discloses a flexible heating element formed as a flexible film with a thin metal overlay and usable inter alia as an interior trim element for vehicles, wherein the contacting of the heating element with metal strips, which are pressed with clamps and a metal paste. The contacting shown here is thereby relatively expensive to manufacture.

Für die Erfindung bestand also die Aufgabe, ein heizbares Flächengebilde mit einer verbesserten Kontaktierung zu den Elektroden zu schaffen, wobei das Flächengebilde als flexible und belastbare Flächenheizung eingesetzt werden kann, insbesondere auch in Fahrzeuginnenräumen, wobei die Kontaktierung sicher und dauerfest ist und auch bei hoher Strombelastung eine Schädigung oder Überhitzung der Kontaktbereiche vermeidet und den Übergangswiderstand reduziert.For the invention, therefore, the object was to provide a heatable sheet with an improved contact with the electrodes, wherein the sheet can be used as a flexible and resilient surface heating, especially in vehicle interiors, the contact is safe and durable and even at high current load Prevents damage or overheating of the contact areas and reduces the contact resistance.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Hauptanspruchs. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildungen sind in den Unteransprüchen offenbart. Ebenfalls offenbart ist ein Fahrzeugsitz mit einem solchen heizbaren Flächengebilde.This object is achieved by the features of the main claim. Further advantageous embodiments are disclosed in the subclaims. Also disclosed is a vehicle seat having such a heatable sheet.

Dabei sind zur Verbindung der Elektroden mit dem Widerstands-Heizelement Klammern oder Klemmen mit gegeneinander wirkenden Klemmbacken vorgesehen, die die jeweilige Elektrode - und natürlich auch Teile des Widerstands-Heizelement - umgreifen und die Elektrode kraft- und/oder formschlüssig auf das Widerstands-Heizelement pressen, wobei die Klammer oder Klemme als Federklammer ausgebildet ist.In this case, for connecting the electrodes with the resistance heating element brackets or clamps are provided with oppositely acting jaws which embrace the respective electrode - and of course also parts of the resistance heating element - and press the electrode non-positively and / or positively on the resistance heating element , wherein the clip or clamp is designed as a spring clip.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung des Flächengebildes entsteht eine sehr einfache Möglichkeit der Kontaktierung ohne aufwändige zusätzliche Arbeitsgänge wie das Verkleben oder Vernähen von Elektroden. Gleichermaßen ergibt sich eine sehr flexible Positionierung der Elektroden, da durch die Klemmung Toleranzen bei der Fertigung und bei der Montage leicht ausgeglichen werden können. Auch kann die Positionierung der Elektroden sehr leicht korrigiert werden.With the formation of the sheet according to the invention, a very simple possibility of contacting arises without costly additional operations, such as the bonding or sewing of electrodes. Likewise, there is a very flexible positioning of the electrodes, as can be easily compensated by the clamping tolerances in the production and during assembly. Also, the positioning of the electrodes can be corrected very easily.

Die Art der Kontaktierung ist darüberhinaus durch ihre im Vergleich zu anderen Befestigungsarten robuste Klemmung unempfindlich gegenüber dynamischen und klimatischen Belastungen und natürlich auch gegenüber Alterungseffekten. Darüberhinaus gewährt die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung eine gleichmäßige Kontaktierung über die gesamte Elektrodenlänge über den Anpressdruck der Feder oder Klammer.In addition, the type of contacting is insensitive to dynamic and climatic loads and, of course, to aging effects due to its robust clamping compared to other types of fastening. In addition, the inventive design provides a uniform contact over the entire electrode length on the contact pressure of the spring or clip.

Die Erfindung ist überall dort einsetzbar, wo dekorative Innenraummaterialien eingesetzt werden (Transportwesen, Schiffbau, Möbel etc.), sowie im modisch technischen Bereich (Schuhe, Taschen, Bekleidung etc.), also generell auch überall dort, wo Textilien beschichtet werden.The invention can be used anywhere where decorative interior materials are used (transport, shipbuilding, furniture, etc.), as well as in the fashionable technical field (shoes, bags, clothing, etc.), so in general, wherever textiles are coated.

Weiterhin sind auch festere Verbundwerkstoffe mit der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung denkbar, beispielsweise für Fußbodenheizungen. Weiterhin ist die Erfindung überall dort einsetzbar, wo textile elektrisch leitfähige Flächenheizungen eingesetzt werden können, z.B. in Wohnbereichen als Tapetenheizungen.Furthermore, stronger composite materials with the composition according to the invention are conceivable, for example for underfloor heating. Furthermore, the invention can be used everywhere where textile electrically conductive surface heating can be used, e.g. in living areas as wallpaper heaters.

Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung besteht darin, dass das Widerstands-Heizelement mit einem flächigen Trägermaterial aus nichtleitfähigem Material verbunden ist. Damit kann die Festigkeit des gesamten und aus dem flächigen Widerstands-Heizelement aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material und aus einem widerstandsfähigem flächigen Trägerelement bestehenden Verbundsystems für viele Anwendungszwecke angepasst werden, etwa im Bereich von strapazierten Innenverkleidungen von Fahrzeugen, oder bei den genannten Fußbodenheizungen, bei Belägen für frostgefährdete Straßen oder Brückenbereiche etc.An advantageous development is that the resistance heating element is connected to a flat carrier material made of non-conductive material. So that can the strength of the entire and consisting of the sheet-like resistance heating element made of electrically conductive material and a resilient sheet-like support member composite system adapted for many applications, such as in the field of stressed interior trim of vehicles, or in said underfloor heating, coverings for frost-prone roads or Bridge areas etc.

Eine weitere einfach und besonders preiswert mit üblichen Maschinen herzustellende vorteilhafte Ausbildung besteht darin, dass das Widerstands-Heizelement als Geflecht oder Gewirke aus metallisch Drähten oder Filamenten ausgebildet ist.Another simple and inexpensive to manufacture with conventional machines advantageous embodiment is that the resistance heating element is designed as a braid or knitted fabric of metallic wires or filaments.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung besteht darin, dass das Widerstands-Heizelement als Schicht oder Folie aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material ausgebildet ist. Insbesondere bei komplizierten Formen oder dann, wenn das Einbinden von Metallfilamenten unerwünscht ist, eignen sich solche Beschichtungen aus leitfähigem Material, wie sie an sich aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt sind, etwa als in einer Kunststoffmatrix aufgebrachte aufgeschlämmte Metallpulver oder als Pulver aus mit Partikeln mit Kern-Schale-Morphologie, wobei die Schale leitfähig ist. In diesem Sinne besteht also eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung darin, dass Widerstands-Heizelement als Schicht aus einem leitfähigen Polymer ausgebildet ist, nämlich einem Polymer, in welches leitfähige Partikel in ausreichender Menge eingebracht sind.A further advantageous embodiment is that the resistance heating element is formed as a layer or foil of electrically conductive material. In particular, in complicated shapes, or when the incorporation of metal filaments is undesirable, such coatings are useful in conductive materials such as are known in the art, such as slurried metal powders applied in a plastic matrix or as particulate powders Core-shell morphology, where the shell is conductive. In this sense, a further advantageous embodiment is that resistance heating element is formed as a layer of a conductive polymer, namely a polymer in which conductive particles are introduced in sufficient quantity.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung besteht darin, dass das Widerstands-Heizelement gitterförmig ausgebildet ist, beispielsweise als gitterförmige Beschichtung aus leitfähigem Polymer, da hierdurch die Flexibilität der leitfähigen Beschichtung erhöht wird, die Menge an leitfähigem Material reduziert wird und die Widerstandsleitung auch durch die geometrische Ausbildung der Gitterstege genau und sogar bereichsweise unterschiedlich eingestellt werden kann.A further advantageous embodiment is that the resistance heating element is formed lattice-shaped, for example, as a lattice-shaped coating of conductive polymer, as a result, the flexibility of the conductive coating is increased, the amount of conductive material is reduced and the resistance line by the geometric design of the Grid bars can be set exactly and even in different areas.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung besteht darin, dass die Elektrode als Teil mindestens einer Klemmbacke ausgebildet ist. Damit vereinfacht sich die Konstruktion insofern, als die Klemmbacken gleichzeitig als Elektrode dienen und keine gesondert leitende Stäbe, Folien oder Platten als Elektroden eingesetzt werden müssen.A further advantageous embodiment is that the electrode is formed as part of at least one jaw. This simplifies the construction insofar as serve the jaws simultaneously as an electrode and no separately conductive rods, films or plates must be used as electrodes.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung besteht darin, dass die Elektrode als Bandelektrode ausgebildet - d.h. mehr breit als hoch, also flach ausgeführt ist - und mit den Klemmbacken auf das Widerstands-Heizelement aufgepresst ist. Durch solch eine separate Elektrode kann z. B. das leitfähige Material der Elektrode im Hinblick auf Leitfähigkeit und Festigkeit auf den jeweiligen Einsatzzweck genau angepasst werden. Wo beispielsweise bei der flächigen Heizung in einem Astronauten-Anzug eine Bandelektrode aus einem dünnen Aluminiumstreifen ausreicht, ist bei einer großflächigen textilen Wandheizung ggf. bereits ein mehrere Zentimeter breiter Kupferstreifen angebracht.A further advantageous embodiment is that the electrode is formed as a band electrode - i. more wide than high, so it is flat - and is pressed with the jaws on the resistance heating element. By such a separate electrode z. B. the conductive material of the electrode in terms of conductivity and strength are adapted to the particular application exactly. Where, for example, in the case of flat heating in an astronaut suit, a band electrode made of a thin aluminum strip is sufficient, a copper strip several centimeters wide may already be attached to a large-area textile wall heating.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung besteht darin, dass die Bandelektrode einseitig auf das Widerstands-Heizelement aufgepresst ist. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine besonders einfach herzustellende Möglichkeit der Kontaktierung des erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebildes.A further advantageous embodiment is that the band electrode is pressed on one side on the resistance heating element. This results in a particularly easy to produce possibility of contacting the fabric of the invention.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung besteht darin, dass das Widerstands-Heizelement die Bandelektrode mehrseitig kontaktiert, d.h. um die Bandelektrode "geschlagen" ist und somit das Widerstand-Heizelement die Bandelektrode umschlingt und beidseitig an letztere angepresst ist. Dies erhöht natürlich die zur Verfügung stehende Kontaktfläche und reduziert deutlich den Übergangswiderstand, erlaubt somit auch die Übertragung höherer Stromstärken.A further advantageous embodiment is that the resistance heating element contacts the band electrode on several sides, i. around the tape electrode is "beaten" and thus the resistance heating element wraps around the tape electrode and is pressed on both sides of the latter. This of course increases the available contact area and significantly reduces the contact resistance, thus allowing the transmission of higher currents.

Die Elektrode befindet sich nach teilweisem Umschlagen des flexiblen Widerstands-Heizelementes - ggf. eines mit Trägers versehenen flexiblen Widerstands-Heizelementes - zwischen den beiden Oberflächen des flexiblen Widerstands-Heizelementes, wobei eine Klammer beide Oberflächen an die Elektrode presst.The electrode is located after partially folding the flexible resistance heating element - possibly a flexible resistance heating element provided with the support - between the two surfaces of the flexible resistance heating element, wherein a clamp presses both surfaces against the electrode.

Dabei können - als weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung - auch auf einer oder auf beiden Seiten der Elektrode noch zusätzlich Schichten zur Ausbildung eines größeren Abstandes der beiden Oberflächen des flexiblen Widerstands-Heizelementes eingebracht werden, wobei zumindest eine Seite der Elektrode natürlich elektrisch leitfähig ausgelegt sein muss. Diese Ausbildung mit weiteren eingelegten Schichten oder Bändern hat den zusätzlichen Vorteil, dass im Falle des Umschlagens die Knickkante des flexiblen Widerstands-Heizelementes und oder des Trägermateriales entschärft werden kann, in dem die Dicke der Elektrode so gewählt wird, dass der Radius an der Knickkante ausreichend groß ist, dass die Leitfähigkeit des flexiblen Widerstands-Heizelementes durch einen zu scharfen Knick nicht beschädigt wird. Der gleiche Effekt kann auch dadurch erreicht werden, dass die eingelegte Elektrode vor dem Zusammenpressen mit einem leitfähigem oder nicht leitfähigem Material unter- oder überfüttert wirdIn this case, as a further advantageous embodiment, additional layers can also be introduced on one or both sides of the electrode to form a larger distance between the two surfaces of the flexible resistance heating element, wherein at least one side of the electrode must of course be designed to be electrically conductive. This design with further inserted layers or bands has the additional advantage that in the case of turning the buckling edge of the flexible resistance heating element and / or the support material can be defused, in which the thickness of the electrode is chosen so that the radius at the bending edge sufficient it is great that the conductivity of the flexible resistance heating element is not damaged by a too sharp kink. The same effect can also be achieved by underfeeding or overfeeding the inserted electrode before compressing it with a conductive or nonconductive material

Diese Ausführung setzt sich fort in und wirkt zusammen mit einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausbildung, die darin besteht, dass die Elektrode mehrschichtig aufgebaut ist und neben einer Schicht aus leitfähigem Material mindestens eine Träger- oder Zusatzschicht aufweist. Dabei kann zur Verbesserung der Kontaktierung ein zusätzliches elektrisch leitfähiges Band aus Metall, mit Metallbestandteilen, aus leitfähigen Textilien, aus Kohlefasern, mit Kohlefaserbestandteilen, oder mit leitfähigen Kunststoffen, Kunststoffzubereitungen mit leitfähigen Additiven oder Klebstoffen so eingelegt werden, dass dieses Band durch den Druck der Feder oder Klammer mit der Elektrode zusammengepresst wird.This embodiment continues in and works together with a further advantageous embodiment, which consists in that the electrode has a multilayer structure and, in addition to a layer of conductive material, has at least one carrier or additional layer. In this case, to improve the contact, an additional electrically conductive strip of metal, metal components, conductive textiles, carbon fibers, carbon fiber components, or conductive plastics, plastic preparations with conductive additives or adhesives are inserted so that this band by the pressure of the spring or clamp is pressed together with the electrode.

Weiterhin können die Klammern auch in der Art einer breiten "Krokodilklemme" ausgelegt werden, wobei die Breite der Klammern günstiger weise der gewünschten Kontaktlänge der Elektroden auf dem flexiblen leitfähigen Träger entspricht. Die Kontaktbreite der Elektroden kann über die Breite der Druckfläche der Klammern bestimmt werden. Damit sind die Klemmen oder Klammern - neben einer Ausführung mit glatten Pressflächen - mit einer speziell geformte Oberflächen der Klembacken versehen. Bevorzugt sind hier in einer weiteren vorteilhafte Ausbildung Klemmbacken deren kontaktierenden Klemmflächen Verklammerungsprofile aufweisen, wie etwa Zacken, Zähne , erhöhte Rauigkeiten oder Vorsprünge , oder sonstige gezackte Oberflächen, die die Klammer zusätzlich auch gegen ein Verrutschen schützen.Furthermore, the brackets can also be designed in the manner of a wide "alligator clip", wherein the width of the brackets favorably corresponds to the desired contact length of the electrodes on the flexible conductive support. The contact width of the electrodes can be determined across the width of the pressure surface of the brackets. Thus, the clamps or clamps - in addition to a design with smooth pressing surfaces - provided with a specially shaped surfaces of the clamp jaws. Preferably, in a further advantageous embodiment, clamping jaws whose contacting clamping surfaces have clamping profiles, such as serrations, teeth, increased roughnesses or protrusions, or other serrated surfaces which additionally protect the clamp against slipping are also possible here.

Die Kontaktierung über spezielle Klammern kann natürlich auch zusätzlich zu anderen Kontaktierungsverfahren durchgeführt werden. So können Elektroden, die beispielsweise aufgenäht, eingenäht, aufgelötet, gecrimpt, oder (mit einem leitfähigen Klebstoff) aufgeklebt sind, zusätzlich über die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung des flexiblen Widerstands-Heizelementes kontaktiert werden.The contacting via special brackets can of course also be carried out in addition to other contacting methods. For example, electrodes that are sewn, sewn, soldered, crimped, or glued (with a conductive adhesive) can be additionally contacted via the inventive design of the flexible resistance heating element.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung besteht darin, dass die Elektroden mit dem flächigen Trägermaterial verbunden sind, wobei z. B. die Elektroden bereits in einer Mittelkonsole eines Fahrzeugs eingeschäumt sind. Dabei können in einem Träger für das flexible elektrisch leitfähige Widerstands-Heizelement bereits Elektroden eingelassen sein, wobei bei der Montage speziell ausgeführte Klammern das Widerstands-Heizelement gegen diese Elektroden pressen. So können diese Elektroden beispielsweise in einem aus Kunststoff gespritzten Träger für eine Mittelkonsole oder Türseite vorhanden sein, wonach dieser Träger dann mit dem leitfähigem Widerstands-Heizelementversehen wird und die Kontaktierung in einem später nicht sichtbaren Bereich über Klammern oder Federn erfolgt.A further advantageous embodiment is that the electrodes are connected to the sheet carrier material, wherein z. B. the electrodes are already foamed in a center console of a vehicle. In this case, electrodes can already be embedded in a support for the flexible electrically conductive resistance heating element, wherein during assembly specially executed clamps press the resistance heating element against these electrodes. For example, these electrodes may be present in a molded plastic carrier for a center console or door side, whereafter this carrier is then provided with the conductive resistance heating element and the contacting takes place in a later invisible area via clamps or springs.

Möglich ist nach einer Kontaktierung eines elektrisch leitfähigen textilen Widerstands-Heizelement auch das nachfolgende Hinterschäumen, Hinterspritzen oder Hinterpressen desselben, so dass die kontaktierte Fläche dann eingeschlossen ist.It is also possible, after contacting an electrically conductive textile resistance heating element, to subsequently backfoaming, back-molding or compressing it, so that the contacted surface is then enclosed.

Möglich ist es bei dem erfindungsgemäßen heizbaren Flächengebilde auch, dass mehr als zwei Elektroden an das leitfähige flexible Widerstands-Heizelement angeschlossen werden.It is also possible with the heatable fabric according to the invention that more than two electrodes are connected to the conductive flexible resistance heating element.

Besonders geeignet sind solche heizbaren Flächengebilde in der Verwendung für einen Fahrzeugsitz mit Sitzheizung.Particularly suitable are such heatable fabrics in use for a vehicle seat with seat heating.

Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
ein erfindungsgemäßes Flächengebilde
Fig. 2
die Kontaktierung des erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebildes gemäß Fig. 1
Fig. 3
eine weitere Ausführung der Kontaktierung des erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebildes
Fig. 4
eine andere Ausführung der Kontaktierung des erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebildes mit zusätzlicher Träger- bzw. Verstärkungsschicht
Fig. 5
eine weitere Ausführung der Kontaktierung des erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebildes mit einer Federklammern aus Kunststoff
Fig. 6
eine andere Ausführung der Kontaktierung des erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebildes in Form einer Krokodilklemme
Fig. 7
eine andere Ausführung der Kontaktierung des erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebildes mit Verschlussklammer und Clip-Mechanismus
Fig. 8
eine andere Ausführung der Kontaktierung des erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebildes Verschlussring und Rastsicherung
Reference to an embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail. Show it
Fig. 1
an inventive sheet
Fig. 2
the contacting of the fabric according to the invention according to Fig. 1
Fig. 3
a further embodiment of the contacting of the fabric according to the invention
Fig. 4
another embodiment of the contacting of the sheet according to the invention with additional carrier or reinforcing layer
Fig. 5
a further embodiment of the contacting of the sheet according to the invention with a spring clips made of plastic
Fig. 6
another embodiment of the contacting of the fabric according to the invention in the form of a crocodile clip
Fig. 7
another embodiment of the contacting of the fabric according to the invention with closure clip and clip mechanism
Fig. 8
another embodiment of the contacting of the sheet according to the invention locking ring and locking device

In den Fig. 1 bis 4 sowie 6 und 7 gehören jeweils die Klammern 4 insoweit zum Stand der Technik, als diese nicht als Federklammern ausgebildet sind.In the Fig. 1 to 4 as well as 6 and 7 belong in each case the brackets 4 insofar as the prior art, as they are not designed as spring clips.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Flächengebilde 100, welches aus einem flexiblen, flächigen Widerstands-Heizelement 1 aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material und aus einem elektrisch nicht leitfähigem flächigen Träger 2 besteht. Das flexibles, flächiges Widerstands-Heizelement 1 ist hierbei als gitterförmige Beschichtung aus leitfähigem Polymer ausgebildet und mit zwei voneinander beabstandete Elektroden 3 zum Einspeisen von elektrischem Strom verbundene. Zur Verbindung der Elektroden 3 mit dem Widerstands-Heizelement 1 sind Klammern 4 mit gegeneinander wirkenden Klemmbacken vorgesehen, die die jeweilige Elektrode 3 und das Flächengebilde 100 umgreifen und dabei die Elektrode 3 kraftschlüssig auf das Widerstands-Heizelement 1 pressen. Die Elektroden 3 sind dabei als flexibles Band aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material ausgestaltet und auf dem flächigen Träger durch die Klammern so fixiert, dass wenigstens eine Fläche der bandförmigen Elektrode flächig mit der elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung in Kontakt befindlich istThe Fig. 1 shows a fabric according to the invention 100, which consists of a flexible, planar resistance heating element 1 of electrically conductive material and of an electrically non-conductive planar support 2. The flexible, flat resistance heating element 1 is in this case designed as a grid-shaped coating of conductive polymer and connected to two spaced-apart electrodes 3 for supplying electrical current. To connect the electrodes 3 to the resistance heating element 1, brackets 4 are provided with oppositely acting clamping jaws which embrace the respective electrode 3 and the fabric 100 while pressing the electrode 3 non-positively on the resistance heating element 1. The electrodes 3 are designed as a flexible band of an electrically conductive material and fixed on the flat support by the brackets so that at least one surface of the band-shaped electrode is in areally in contact with the electrically conductive coating

Fig. 2 zeigt die Kontaktierung des Flächengebildes 100 gemäß Fig. 1 noch einmal im Schnitt. Hier erkennt man deutlich, dass sich bei dieser Ausführung der Kontaktierung die Elektrode 3 sich zwischen dem leitfähigen flexiblen Widerstands-Heizelement 1 und der Klammer 4 befindet. Fig. 2 shows the contacting of the fabric 100 according to Fig. 1 again on average. Here it can be clearly seen that in this embodiment of the contacting, the electrode 3 is located between the conductive flexible resistance heating element 1 and the clamp 4.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine andere Ausführung der Kontaktierung des Flächengebildes 100, bei der das Widerstands-Heizelement 1 und natürlich auch der nicht leitfähige flächige Träger 2 um die Bandelektrode "geschlagen" sind und damit die Bandelektrode 3 das Widerstands-Heizelement 1 mit ihrer Ober- und Unterseite, d.h. mehrseitig kontaktiert. Das Widerstand-Heizelement 1 umschlingt also hier die Bandelektrode 3 und wird durch die Klammer 4 beidseitig an die Bandelektrode 3 angepresst. Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the contacting of the sheet 100, in which the resistance heating element 1 and of course the non-conductive planar support 2 are "beaten" around the belt electrode and thus the belt electrode 3, the resistance heating element 1 with its top and bottom, ie contacted on several sides. The resistance heating element 1 thus wraps around the band electrode 3 and is pressed by the clip 4 on both sides of the band electrode 3.

Die durch das Umschlagen entstehende Knickkante kann entschärft werden, in dem die Dicke der Elektrode so gewählt wird, dass der Radius an der Knickkante ausreichend groß ist, so dass die Leitfähigkeit des flexiblen Trägers durch einen zu scharfen Knick nicht beschädigt wird.The bending edge resulting from the folding over can be defused by selecting the thickness of the electrode so that the radius at the bend edge is sufficiently large so that the conductivity of the flexible support is not damaged by too sharp a bend.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine weitere Ausführung der Kontaktierung des Flächengebildes 100, bei der die Elektrode 3 auf ihrer Oberseite mit einer zusätzlichen Träger- bzw. Verstärkungsschicht 5 aus nicht leitfähigem Material versehen ist. Dadurch wird die durch das Umschlagen entstehende Knickkante weiter entschärft und die Elektrode 3 so verstärkt, dass große Klemmkräfte aufgebracht werden können. Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of the contacting of the sheet 100, in which the electrode 3 is provided on its upper side with an additional carrier or reinforcing layer 5 of non-conductive material. As a result, the bending edge created by the folding is further defused and the electrode 3 is reinforced so that large clamping forces can be applied.

Natürlich kann die Elektrode auch beidseitig unterfüttert werden, so dass noch zusätzliche Schichten zu einer höheren Beabstandung der beiden Oberflächen des flexiblen Flächengebildes 100 bzw. des leitfähigen flexiblen Widerstands-Heizelementes 1 eingebracht werden, wobei allerdings mindestens eine Seite der Elektrode 3 mit elektrisch leitfähig ausgelegt Schichten versehen sein muss.Of course, the electrode can also be lined on both sides, so that additional layers to a higher spacing of the two surfaces of the flexible sheet 100 and the conductive flexible resistance heating element 1 are introduced, however, at least one side of the electrode 3 with electrically conductive layers must be provided.

Es können auch Schichten zur Verbesserung der Kontaktierung zwischen Elektrode 3 und Widerstands-Heizelementes 1 eingelegt sein, etwa ein zusätzliches elektrisch leitfähiges Band aus Metall, mit Metallbestandteilen, aus leitfähigen Textilien, aus Kohlefasern, mit Kohlefaserbestandteilen, oder mit leitfähigen Kunststoffen, Kunststoffzubereitungen mit leitfähigen Additiven.It is also possible for layers to improve the contact between electrode 3 and resistance heating element 1 to be inserted, for example an additional electrically conductive strip of metal, with metal components, of conductive textiles, of carbon fibers, with carbon fiber constituents, or with conductive plastics, plastic preparations with conductive additives ,

Fig. 5 zeigt eine weitere Ausführung der Kontaktierung des Flächengebildes 100, bei der die Klammern einstückig als Federklammern 6 aus Kunststoff ausgebildet sind. Solche Federklammern lassen sich, beispielsweise durch Strangguss- oder Strangpressverfahren sehr einfach herstellen und montieren und können im Übrigen aus beliebigen Materialien, also auch aus Kupfer oder Aluminium bestehen. Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of the contacting of the sheet 100, in which the brackets are integrally formed as spring clips 6 made of plastic. Such spring clips can be very easy to produce and assemble, for example, by continuous casting or extrusion and can otherwise consist of any materials, including copper or aluminum.

Fig. 6 zeigt eine weitere Ausführung der Kontaktierung des Flächengebildes 100, bei der die Klammern 4 so ausgebildet sind, dass ihre Klemmflächen der Klemmbacken vorspringende Zähne 7 aufweisen und somit in der Art einer breiten Krokodilklemme ausgelegt sind. Die Breite der Klammern entspricht der gewünschten Kontaktlänge der Elektroden auf dem Widerstands-Heizelement. Die Kontaktbreite der Elektroden kann über die Breite der Druckfläche der Klammern bestimmt werden. Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the contacting of the sheet 100, in which the clamps 4 are formed so that their clamping surfaces of the jaws have protruding teeth 7 and thus are designed in the manner of a wide crocodile clip. The width of the brackets corresponds to the desired contact length of the electrodes on the resistance heating element. The contact width of the electrodes can be determined across the width of the pressure surface of the brackets.

Natürlich können auch die Klammern als solche als Elektrode ausgeführt werden, so dass ein leitfähiger Kontakt zwischen mindestens einer der Pressflächen der Klammern und der leitfähigen Beschichtung besteht. In diesem Fall kann auf eine separate Band-Elektrode sogar verzichtet werden.Of course, the brackets as such may be implemented as an electrode so that there is a conductive contact between at least one of the pressing surfaces of the brackets and the conductive coating. In this case, a separate tape electrode can even be dispensed with.

Fig. 7 zeigt eine weitere Ausführung der Kontaktierung des Flächengebildes 100, bei der die Klammern 4 so ausgebildet sind, dass ihre Klemmflächen durch eine zusätzliche Verschlussklammer 8 angedrückt werden. Die zusätzliche Verschlussklammer 8 ist mit einem Clip-Mechanismus, d.h. mit einem Rast-Verschluss nach Art einer Hosenträgerklammer versehen. Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of the contacting of the sheet 100, in which the brackets 4 are formed so that their clamping surfaces are pressed by an additional locking clip 8. The additional closure clip 8 is provided with a clip mechanism, ie with a latching closure in the manner of a suspenders bracket.

Fig. 8 zeigt eine weitere Ausführung der Kontaktierung des Flächengebildes 100, bei der die Klammern 4 so ausgebildet sind, dass ihre Klemmflächen durch einen zusätzlichen Verschlussbügel oder -ring 9 angedrückt werden, der auf die Klammern aufgeschoben wird. Der zusätzliche Verschlussring 9 ist über eine Zahnung bzw. über Rastmittel fixiert und gegen Verrutschen gesichert. Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of the contacting of the sheet 100, in which the brackets 4 are formed so that their clamping surfaces are pressed by an additional closure bracket or ring 9, which is pushed onto the brackets. The additional locking ring 9 is fixed by a toothing or locking means and secured against slipping.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS (Teil der Beschreibung)(Part of the description)

11
Widerstands-HeizelementResistance heating element
22
nicht leitfähiger flächiger Trägernon-conductive sheet carrier
33
Elektrodeelectrode
44
Klammerclip
55
Verstärkungsschichtreinforcing layer
66
Einstückige FederklammerOne-piece spring clip
77
Krokodilklemmealligator clip
88th
Verschlussklammer mit Clip-MechanismusLocking clip with clip mechanism
99
Verschlussring mit RastsicherungLocking ring with safety catch
100100
Flächengebildesheet

Claims (14)

  1. Flexible flat structure (100) as interior lining part for a vehicle, which has the following constituent parts:
    - a flexible, flat resistance heating element (1) of electrically conductive material
    - at least two electrodes (3), which are connected to the resistance heating element (1), are spaced apart from one another and are intended for feeding electric current into the resistance heating element (1),
    characterized in that, for connecting the electrodes (3) to the resistance heating element (1), clips or clamps (4) with clamping jaws acting against one another, which engage around the respective electrode (3) and press it onto the resistance heating element (1) in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner, are provided, wherein the clip or clamp is formed as a spring clip (5).
  2. Flat structure according to Claim 1, in which the resistance heating element (1) is connected to a flat supporting material (2) of nonconductive material.
  3. Flat structure according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the resistance heating element (1) is formed as a braided or knitted fabric of metal wires or filaments.
  4. Flat structure according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the resistance heating element (1) is formed as a layer or membrane of electrically conductive material.
  5. Flat structure according to Claim 4, in which the resistance heating element is formed as a layer of a conductive polymer.
  6. Flat structure according to one of Claims 1 to 5, in which the resistance heating element (1) is formed as a grid.
  7. Flat structure according to one of Claims 1 to 6, in which the electrode is formed as part of at least one clamping jaw.
  8. Flat structure according to one of Claims 1 to 6, in which the electrode is formed as a strip electrode (3) and is pressed by the clamping jaws (4) onto the resistance heating element (1).
  9. Flat structure according to Claim 8, in which the strip electrode (3) is pressed on one side onto the resistance heating element (1).
  10. Flat structure according to Claim 8, in which the resistance heating element (1) contacts the strip electrode (3) on more than one side and is pressed against the latter.
  11. Flat structure according to one of Claims 8 to 10, in which the electrode (3) is of a multi-layered structure and, apart from a layer of conductive material, has at least one supporting or additional layer (5).
  12. Flat structure according to one of Claims 1 to 11, in which the contacting clamping areas of the clamping jaws have interlocking profiles, such as jags, teeth, increased roughnesses or projections (7).
  13. Flat structure according to one of Claims 2 to 12, in which the electrodes are connected to an additional support or the flat supporting material (2).
  14. Vehicle seat, provided with a flat structure according to Claims 1 to 13.
EP10726053.1A 2009-07-21 2010-06-11 Flexible heating element Active EP2457411B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009026216A DE102009026216A1 (en) 2009-07-21 2009-07-21 Flexible sheet
PCT/EP2010/058213 WO2011009678A1 (en) 2009-07-21 2010-06-11 Flexible flat heating element

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EP2457411A1 EP2457411A1 (en) 2012-05-30
EP2457411B1 true EP2457411B1 (en) 2017-03-01

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EP10726053.1A Active EP2457411B1 (en) 2009-07-21 2010-06-11 Flexible heating element

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US (1) US8641139B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2457411B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102009026216A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2011009678A1 (en)

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DE102021210806A1 (en) 2021-09-28 2023-03-30 Benecke-Kaliko Aktiengesellschaft molding
EP4159536A1 (en) 2021-09-28 2023-04-05 Benecke-Kaliko AG Moulded part

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102009026216A1 (en) 2011-01-27
US20120153688A1 (en) 2012-06-21
EP2457411A1 (en) 2012-05-30
US8641139B2 (en) 2014-02-04
WO2011009678A1 (en) 2011-01-27

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