EP1924125B1 - Heatable film - Google Patents

Heatable film Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1924125B1
EP1924125B1 EP07118185.3A EP07118185A EP1924125B1 EP 1924125 B1 EP1924125 B1 EP 1924125B1 EP 07118185 A EP07118185 A EP 07118185A EP 1924125 B1 EP1924125 B1 EP 1924125B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrically conductive
conductive layer
plastics
electrically
foil according
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EP07118185.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1924125A1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Gerken
Manfred Jahncke
Claus Zürbig
Jürgen BÜHRING
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Benecke Kaliko AG
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Benecke Kaliko AG
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Priority to PL07118185T priority Critical patent/PL1924125T3/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrically heatable plastic film for incorporation in surface heating, wherein the plastic film has at least one electrically conductive layer whose plastic material contains electrically conductive additives at least in some areas.
  • the DE 201 08 442 U1 discloses a conductive coating for heating conductors of a mixture of polyurethane and graphite, which can be applied to a fabric or scrim and connected to leads. Such a heat conductor is used, for example, for underfloor heating, mirror heating or seat heaters.
  • the DE 197 26 689 A1 discloses an electric heating system for example underfloor heating, in which, inter alia, a film carrier is provided with an electrically conductive heating layer, which is applied by means of rollers and doctor blade.
  • the heating layer consists of conductive particles (graphite, carbon black, carbon fibers, etc.) embedded in a binder.
  • the US 3,768,156 discloses the production of heating elements for gloves and other clothing parts, etc., which are provided with a flexible, conductive polymer coating.
  • heating electrodes are mounted on a carrier material and the heating electrodes are isolated from each other in the crossing points.
  • planar heating elements show as disadvantages either a lack of flexibility or a lack of heating or too long warm-up.
  • the EP 1 417 095 B1 discloses a conductive composite material which consists of a two-ply polymer film whose upper film is provided on its upper side with a flexible, electrically conductive layer and connected on its underside by means of an adhesive layer to the upper side of the lower film.
  • the adhesive layer is thermoformable in a way and has such elastic properties that mechanical stresses of the composite material can be absorbed.
  • the composite material is for electromagnetic shielding.
  • a coating composition described in US Pat EP 1 284 278 A2 is disclosed.
  • a polymeric binder in the form of an aqueous dispersion is slurried with a finely divided powder whose powder particles have a nonconductive core and a layer of conductive material, such as a noble metal or a noble metal alloy, disposed on the core.
  • the GB 1 354 022 discloses a planar electrical resistance element in which a conductive material in the form of electrically conductive, non-metallic particles is applied to an electrically non-conductive layer such that the particles are substantially free of electrically insulating material surrounding them.
  • the US 4,833,305 discloses a self-regulating heating element in which conductive particles and fibers can be incorporated into a matrix of an elastomeric material body and connected to a power supply by surface or edge electrodes.
  • the disadvantage here is that the body can be further processed or deformed only conditionally without changing the heating properties.
  • the US 4,002,779 discloses a process for producing a conductive non-knitted fabric in which the fiber surfaces of the fabric are wetted with metal salts and specific aqueous polymeric binders and rendered conductive by deposition of metals. Such a method is relatively expensive and less suitable for sheet-like plastic materials.
  • the object was to provide a highly flexible planar heating element in the form of a film, which has a sufficiently high heat output, easy to manufacture and process and which can be heated in a short time and with low voltages and / or currents.
  • the additives in the plastic material of the electrically conductive layer are arranged and distributed such that the maximum surface resistance 50 ⁇ / cm is not exceeded on at least one of the surfaces of the electrically conductive layer.
  • the heatability defined here as heating of a 5 cm long film when applying a voltage of one 9V block battery for one minute, increases rapidly.
  • the achievable "good value" for the heatability of 60 - 70 ° C, i. heating the film to said temperature within one minute makes use e.g. in a seat heater only economically interesting.
  • the plastic film is designed as a multilayer composite body, so that the entire composite can be heated.
  • an electrically conductive layer can be connected to any artificial leather with a decorative surface, so that the appearance is not disturbed, but the plastic film by the additional heatability includes added value.
  • the electrically conductive layer containing electrically conductive additives is arranged at a distance from at least one surface of the plastic film.
  • the plastic film Whenever special requirements for surface properties and appearance of the plastic film exist, that is, if it is to be embossed, for example, or if Surface properties are required, which can not be readily provided with a high proportion of carbon black or conductive additives, it is advantageous not to use the heatable layer as a surface layer, but as a lower layer in the film composite.
  • the electrically conductive layer containing the electrically conductive additives may be separated from the surface by further layers or may be formed as the lowermost layer of a composite.
  • the electrical conductive layer is of course connected to the power supply to the contacts of a voltage source.
  • a voltage source may be provided at the ends of the electrically conductive layer connected to the latter electrodes, the z. B. be connected with plug-in or solder connections to the current-carrying conductor.
  • the plastic material of the electrically conductive layer contains a conductivity soot as an electrically conductive additive.
  • a corresponding expression of the electrically conductive layer is already achieved with inexpensive standard materials.
  • the proportion of electrically conductive additives and / or conductivity soot is 20 to 50% of the weight of the electrically conductive layer, preferably 20 to 35%.
  • this training is particularly suitable for the operation of a surface heating with mobile 12 V power supply systems, such as those found in vehicles.
  • the plastic films of the invention can thus be heated in the low voltage range, so that even the voltage of a car battery of 12 V can provide sufficient heating power.
  • the plastic material of the electrically conductive layer as an electrically conductive additive is a mixture of a conductive carbon black and further conductive materials, in particular metal powder or Particles, also possibly contains chips or similar formulations.
  • copper powder, aluminum powder, graphite, platelet-shaped aluminum, copper microspheres or platelets, silver-plated copper flakes, conductive carbon black or carbon staple fibers can be used as electrically conductive materials.
  • a further advantageous embodiment consists in that the plastic material of the electrically conductive layer consists of a polyurethane paste or polyvinyl chloride paste provided with an electrically conductive additive. These materials can be processed in well-proven way to seat covers, as they are used in motor vehicles application.
  • the electrically conductive layer is laminated on one of the layers of the composite body.
  • the electrically conductive layer itself may of course also consist of several interconnected layers.
  • the plastic film has a carrier layer, in particular a textile carrier layer or a carrier layer of polymer foam, such as PVC, polyolefin or polyurethane foam, and optionally between this carrier layer and the other layers arranged further adhesive layers.
  • a carrier layer in particular a textile carrier layer or a carrier layer of polymer foam, such as PVC, polyolefin or polyurethane foam, and optionally between this carrier layer and the other layers arranged further adhesive layers.
  • plastic film in the form of a seat heater for the seats of motor vehicles, wherein the highly flexible plastic film is simply integrated into the seat cover of such a seat, for example as a middle layer of the cover, laminated on an additional carrier layer / Support mat and covered by a pile layer with the desired appearance of a fluffy pad, or as a layer within an artificial leather / artificial leather layer composite.
  • a particularly advantageous method for producing such a plastic film is that the electrically conductive additive is dispersed into a plastic paste and then the electrically conductive layer is produced or formed from this plastic paste.
  • This can be done differently with the different plastics, for example, by gelling the paste in polyvinyl chloride (PVC), by solvent stripping the polyurethane (PU) or generally by Ausreagieren in the heat.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PU polyurethane
  • Ausreagieren in the heat.
  • the dispersing of the additives into the paste can be carried out simply, inexpensively and safely, for example with a normal dispersion technique or with a so-called jet jet mixer.
  • an electrically conductive layer for such a plastic film is that the electrically conductive layer is processed from a plastic melt, in particular extruded with the addition of electrically conductive additives. This is particularly useful for large series, namely, if such a film is to be produced, for example, as a roll or web.
  • the electrically conductive layer could also be produced with the addition of electrically conductive additives by means of a calendering process, wherein the electrically conductive additives would be supplied to the calender so that they are incorporated into the plastic layer during the calendering process.
  • the Fig. 1 shows an electrically heatable plastic film 1 for incorporation in surface heating.
  • the plastic film 1 has an electrically conductive layer 2, the plastic material contains electrically conductive additives.
  • the additives are, however, as not shown here, arranged and distributed in the plastic material of the electrically conductive layer so that on the surface 3 of the electrically conductive layer, the surface resistance between the measuring points 4 and 5 is about 42 ⁇ / cm.
  • the plastic film 1 is formed as a multilayer composite body, wherein the electrically conductive additive containing electrically conductive layer 2 is spaced from the surface of the plastic film, which is provided with a grain or surface structure 6.
  • the plastic film 1 further comprises a carrier layer 7, which consists of polyurethane foam.
  • the Fig. 2 shows a diagram illustrating the sudden heating in relation to the surface resistance (OF resistance) of the electrically conductive layer, namely the heating temperature T [° C] of the electrically conductive layer in the plastic film as a function of the surface resistance at a voltage applied for one minute of 9 volts. It can clearly be seen here the sudden increase 8 of the film heating at a value of approximately 200 ⁇ , which corresponds to the value of 40 ⁇ / cm when heating a 5 cm long film when applying a voltage from a 9V block battery.
  • the electrically conductive layer in the plastic film according to Fig. 1 was heated to a temperature of 65 ° C within one minute.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrisch heizbare Kunststoff-Folie zum Einbinden in Flächenheizungen, wobei die Kunststoff-Folie mindestens eine elektrisch leitfähige Schicht aufweist, deren Kunststoff-Material mindestens in Teilbereichen elektrisch leitfähige Additive enthält.The invention relates to an electrically heatable plastic film for incorporation in surface heating, wherein the plastic film has at least one electrically conductive layer whose plastic material contains electrically conductive additives at least in some areas.

Flächige Heizungen bzw. Folien mit Heizeigenschaften sind bekannt. So offenbart die DE 102 11 721 B4 einen Heizleiter für eine elektrische Widerstandsheizung, der aus einem mit einer leitfähigen Beschichtung versehenen Gitter, Gewebe oder Geflecht besteht. Dabei sind die einzelnen Gritterfasern mit einer leitfähigen Beschichtung versehen und der Gitter-Innenraum bleibt frei. Eine solche "Matte" kann dann in allen möglichen Anwendungen genutzt werden, beispielsweise innerhalb von Mörtellagen, als Wandheizung, oder auch als Sitzheizung innerhalb von Polsterbezügen.Flat heaters or films with heating properties are known. So revealed the DE 102 11 721 B4 a heating conductor for an electrical resistance heater, which consists of a provided with a conductive coating mesh, fabric or braid. The individual grit fibers are provided with a conductive coating and the grid interior remains free. Such a "mat" can then be used in all possible applications, for example within mortar layers, as wall heating, or as a seat heating within upholstery.

Die DE 201 08 442 U1 offenbart eine leitfähige Beschichtung für Heizleiter aus einer Mischung von Polyurethan und Graphit, welche auf ein Gewebe oder Gelege aufgebracht und mit Anschlussdrähten verbunden werden kann. Genutzt wird ein solcher Heizleiter z.B. für Fußbodenheizungen, Spiegelheizungen oder Sitzheizungen.The DE 201 08 442 U1 discloses a conductive coating for heating conductors of a mixture of polyurethane and graphite, which can be applied to a fabric or scrim and connected to leads. Such a heat conductor is used, for example, for underfloor heating, mirror heating or seat heaters.

Die DE 197 26 689 A1 offenbart ein elektrisches Heizsystem für z.B Fußbodenheizungen, bei dem u. a. ein Folienträger mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Heizschicht versehen ist, die mittels Walzen und Rakel aufgetragen wird. Die Heizschicht besteht aus konduktiven Teilchen (Graphit, Ruß, Kohlefasern etc.), die in einem Bindemittel eingebettet sind.The DE 197 26 689 A1 discloses an electric heating system for example underfloor heating, in which, inter alia, a film carrier is provided with an electrically conductive heating layer, which is applied by means of rollers and doctor blade. The heating layer consists of conductive particles (graphite, carbon black, carbon fibers, etc.) embedded in a binder.

Die US 3,768,156 offenbart die Herstellung von Heizelementen für Handschuhe und andere Kleidungsteile etc., welche mit einer flexiblen, leitfähigen Polymerbeschichtung versehen werden. Dabei sind Heizelektroden auf einem Trägermaterial befestigt und die Heizelektroden voneinander in den Kreuzungspunkten isoliert.The US 3,768,156 discloses the production of heating elements for gloves and other clothing parts, etc., which are provided with a flexible, conductive polymer coating. In this case, heating electrodes are mounted on a carrier material and the heating electrodes are isolated from each other in the crossing points.

Diese bekannten flächigen Heizelemente zeigen als Nachteile entweder eine mangelnde Flexibilität oder aber eine mangelnde Heizleistung bzw. zu lange Aufwärmdauer.These known planar heating elements show as disadvantages either a lack of flexibility or a lack of heating or too long warm-up.

Die EP 1 417 095 B1 offenbart ein leitfähiges Verbundmaterial, das aus einer zweilagigen Polymerfolie besteht, deren obere Folie auf ihrer Oberseite mit einer flexiblen, elektrisch leitenden Schicht versehen und auf ihrer Unterseite mit Hilfe einer Klebeschicht mit der Oberseite der unteren Folie verbunden ist. Die Klebeschicht ist dabei in einer Weise thermoformbar und weist solche elastische Eigenschaften auf, dass mechanische Belastungen des Verbundmaterials aufgefangen werden können. Das Verbundmaterial dient der elektromagnetischen Abschirmung.The EP 1 417 095 B1 discloses a conductive composite material which consists of a two-ply polymer film whose upper film is provided on its upper side with a flexible, electrically conductive layer and connected on its underside by means of an adhesive layer to the upper side of the lower film. The adhesive layer is thermoformable in a way and has such elastic properties that mechanical stresses of the composite material can be absorbed. The composite material is for electromagnetic shielding.

Ebenfalls zur elektromagnetischen Abschirmung dient die BeschichtungsZusammensetzung, die in der EP 1 284 278 A2 offenbart ist. Dort wird ein polymeres Bindemittel in Form einer wässrigen Dispersion mit einem feinteiligen Pulver aufgeschlämmt, dessen Pulverteilchen einen nicht leitenden Kern und eine auf dem Kern angeordnete Schicht aus leitfähigem Material, wie z.B. einem Edelmetall oder einer Edelmetall-Legierung aufweisen.Also used for electromagnetic shielding is the coating composition described in US Pat EP 1 284 278 A2 is disclosed. There, a polymeric binder in the form of an aqueous dispersion is slurried with a finely divided powder whose powder particles have a nonconductive core and a layer of conductive material, such as a noble metal or a noble metal alloy, disposed on the core.

Solche zur elektromagnetischen Abschirmung geeigneten flächigen leitfähigen Materialien sind jedoch aufgrund ihres Aufbaus und ihre Gesamtwiderstandes zur Heizung nicht geeignet.However, such surface conductive materials suitable for electromagnetic shielding are not suitable for heating because of their structure and their total resistance.

Die GB 1 354 022 offenbart ein flächenhaftes elektrisches Widerstandselement, bei dem ein leitendes Material in Form von elektrisch leitenden, nicht-metallischen Partikeln auf eine elektrisch nichtleitende Schicht so aufgetragen wird, dass die Partikel im Wesentlichen frei von sie umhüllenden elektrisch isolierendem Material sind.The GB 1 354 022 discloses a planar electrical resistance element in which a conductive material in the form of electrically conductive, non-metallic particles is applied to an electrically non-conductive layer such that the particles are substantially free of electrically insulating material surrounding them.

Derselbe Gegenstand findet sich in der Offenbarung der DE 70 19 121 U . Beiden Lösungen liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, das Gewicht des Widerstandselementes zu reduzieren und die Leitfähigkeit zu erhöhen. Nachteilig ist hierbei, dass die elektrisch leitenden, nicht-metallischen Partikeln einem erhöhten abrasiven Verschleiß unterliegen, der die Leitfähigkeit im Laufe der Zeit wieder reduziert.The same object is found in the revelation of DE 70 19 121 U , Both solutions are based on the object to reduce the weight of the resistive element and to increase the conductivity. The disadvantage here is that the electrically conductive, non-metallic particles are subject to increased abrasive wear, which reduces the conductivity again over time.

Die US 4 833 305 offenbart ein selbstregulierendes Heizelement, bei dem leitfähige Partikel und Fasern in einer Matrix eines aus elastomerem Material bestehenden Körpers eingebunden und mit Oberflächen- oder Randelektroden an eine Spannungsversorgung / Stromversorgung angeschlossen werden können. Nachteilig hierbei ist es, dass der Körper nur bedingt ohne Veränderung der Heizeigenschaften weiter bearbeitet oder verformt werden kann.The US 4,833,305 discloses a self-regulating heating element in which conductive particles and fibers can be incorporated into a matrix of an elastomeric material body and connected to a power supply by surface or edge electrodes. The disadvantage here is that the body can be further processed or deformed only conditionally without changing the heating properties.

Die US 4 002 779 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines leitfähigen nicht gewirkten Stoffes, bei dem die Faser-Oberflächen des Stoffes mit Metallsalzen und speziellen wässrigen, polymeren Bindern benetzt und durch Ablagerung von Metallen leitfähig gemacht werden. Ein solches Verfahren ist relativ aufwendig und für flächige Kunststoffmaterialien weniger geeignet.The US 4,002,779 discloses a process for producing a conductive non-knitted fabric in which the fiber surfaces of the fabric are wetted with metal salts and specific aqueous polymeric binders and rendered conductive by deposition of metals. Such a method is relatively expensive and less suitable for sheet-like plastic materials.

Für die Erfindung bestand also die Aufgabe, ein hochflexibles flächiges Heizelement in Form einer Folie bereitzustellen, welches eine ausreichend hohe Heizleistung aufweist, leicht herzustellen und zu verarbeiten ist und welches in kurzer Zeit und mit geringen Spannungen und/oder Stromstärken aufgeheizt werden kann.So for the invention, the object was to provide a highly flexible planar heating element in the form of a film, which has a sufficiently high heat output, easy to manufacture and process and which can be heated in a short time and with low voltages and / or currents.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Hauptanspruchs. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildungen sind in den Unteransprüchen offenbart. Gleichermaßen sind eine Sitzheizung und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen elektrisch heizbaren Kunststoff-Folie offenbart.This object is achieved by the features of the main claim. Further advantageous embodiments are disclosed in the subclaims. Similarly, a seat heater and a method of making such an electrically heatable plastic film are disclosed.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kunststoff-Folie sind die Additive im Kunststoffmaterial der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht so angeordnet und verteilt, dass auf mindestens einer der Oberflächen der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht der maximale Oberflächenwiderstand 50 Ω/cm nicht überschritten wird. Bei einer solchen Ausbildung der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht ergibt sich überraschenderweise, dass bei Unterschreiten eines bestimmten Wertes für den Oberflächenwiderstand der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht die Heizbarkeit, hier definiert als Erwärmung einer 5 cm langen Folie bei Anlegen einer Spannung von einer 9V-Blockbatterie für eine Minute, sprunghaft zunimmt. Der dadurch erreichbar "gute Wert" für die Heizbarkeit von 60 - 70 °C, d.h. die Erwärmung der Folie auf die genannte Temperatur innerhalb einer Minute macht die Verwendung z.B. in einer Sitzheizung erst wirtschaftlich interessant. Im Gegensatz dazu ist bei der im Stand der Technik vorhandenen geringeren Heizbarkeit von Folien, beispielsweise auf nur ca. 40°C nach einer Minute, die erzeugbare Wärme zu gering. Dies macht sich insbesondere dann bemerkbar wenn sich die heizbare Folienschicht nicht in direktem Kontakt zu dem Gegenstand befindet, welcher erwärmt werden soll. Für eine effiziente Anwendung in flächigen und/oder flexiblen Heizungen muss also der Oberflächenwiderstand von 50 Ω/cm unterschritten werden. Bei Versuchen wurde hierzu der Widerstand mit einem Voltmeter an zwei 3-4 cm entfernten Punkten gemessen, wobei der Effektivwert 200 Ohm betrug.In the case of the plastic film according to the invention, the additives in the plastic material of the electrically conductive layer are arranged and distributed such that the maximum surface resistance 50 Ω / cm is not exceeded on at least one of the surfaces of the electrically conductive layer. With such an embodiment of the electrically conductive layer, it is surprisingly found that, when a certain value for the surface resistance of the electrically conductive layer is undershot, the heatability, defined here as heating of a 5 cm long film when applying a voltage of one 9V block battery for one minute, increases rapidly. The achievable "good value" for the heatability of 60 - 70 ° C, i. heating the film to said temperature within one minute makes use e.g. in a seat heater only economically interesting. In contrast, in the existing in the prior art lower heatability of films, for example, only about 40 ° C after one minute, the heat generated is too low. This is particularly noticeable when the heatable film layer is not in direct contact with the object to be heated. For efficient use in flat and / or flexible heaters, the surface resistance of 50 Ω / cm must therefore be undercut. In experiments, the resistance was measured with a voltmeter at two points 3-4 cm apart, the rms value being 200 ohms.

Dabei ist die Kunststoff-Folie als mehrschichtiger Verbundkörper ausgebildet ist, so dass der gesamte Verbund erwärmbar ist. So kann eine elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht zu einem beliebigen Kunstleder mit einer dekorativen Oberfläche verbunden werden, so dass die Anmutung nicht gestört wird, aber die Kunststoff-Folie durch die zusätzliche Heizbarkeit einen Mehrwert beinhaltet.In this case, the plastic film is designed as a multilayer composite body, so that the entire composite can be heated. Thus, an electrically conductive layer can be connected to any artificial leather with a decorative surface, so that the appearance is not disturbed, but the plastic film by the additional heatability includes added value.

Die elektrisch leitfähige Additive enthaltende elektrisch leitfähige Schicht ist von mindestens einer Oberfläche der Kunststoff-Folie beabstandet angeordnet. Immer dann, wenn besondere Anforderungen an Oberflächeneigenschaften und -anmutung der Kunststoff-Folie bestehen, wenn sie also beispielsweise geprägt werden soll oder wenn Oberflächeneigenschaften verlangt werden, die bei einem hohen Anteil von Ruß oder leitfähigen Additiven nicht ohne weiteres bereitgestellt werden können, ist es vorteilhaft, die heizbare Schicht nicht als Oberflächenschicht einzusetzen, sondern als eine im Folienverbund weiter unten liegende Schicht. Dabei kann natürlich die die elektrisch leitfähigen Additive enthaltende elektrisch leitfähige Schicht von der Oberfläche durch weitere Schichten getrennt sein oder auch als unterste Schicht eines Verbundes ausgebildet sein.The electrically conductive layer containing electrically conductive additives is arranged at a distance from at least one surface of the plastic film. Whenever special requirements for surface properties and appearance of the plastic film exist, that is, if it is to be embossed, for example, or if Surface properties are required, which can not be readily provided with a high proportion of carbon black or conductive additives, it is advantageous not to use the heatable layer as a surface layer, but as a lower layer in the film composite. Of course, the electrically conductive layer containing the electrically conductive additives may be separated from the surface by further layers or may be formed as the lowermost layer of a composite.

Die elektrische leitfähige Schicht wird natürlich zur Stromversorgung an die Kontakte einer Spannungsquelle angeschlossen. Hierzu können an den Enden der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht mit letzterer verbundene Elektroden vorgesehen sein, die z. B. mit Steck- oder Lötverbindungen an die Strom führenden Leiter angeschlossen werden.The electrical conductive layer is of course connected to the power supply to the contacts of a voltage source. For this purpose, may be provided at the ends of the electrically conductive layer connected to the latter electrodes, the z. B. be connected with plug-in or solder connections to the current-carrying conductor.

Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung besteht darin, dass das Kunststoff-Material der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht als elektrisch leitfähiges Additiv einen Leitfähigkeitsruß enthält. Hierdurch erreicht man mit preiswerten Standardmaterialien bereits eine entsprechende Ausprägung der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht.An advantageous development is that the plastic material of the electrically conductive layer contains a conductivity soot as an electrically conductive additive. As a result, a corresponding expression of the electrically conductive layer is already achieved with inexpensive standard materials.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung besteht darin, dass der Anteil an elektrisch leitfähigen Additiven und/oder an Leitfähigkeitsruß 20 bis 50 % des Gewichts der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht beträgt, vorzugsweise 20 bis 35 %. Bei einem in jedem Fall erforderlichen Mindestanteil von 20 % ist diese Ausbildung besonders geeignet für den Betrieb einer Flächenheizung mit mobilen 12-V-Stromversorgungsanlagen, wie sie etwa in Fahrzeugen vorhanden sind. Die erfindungsgemäßen Kunststoff-Folien können somit im Niedervoltbereich beheizt werden, so dass schon die Spannung einer Autobatterie von 12 V für eine ausreichende Heizleistung sorgen kann.A further advantageous development is that the proportion of electrically conductive additives and / or conductivity soot is 20 to 50% of the weight of the electrically conductive layer, preferably 20 to 35%. With a minimum of 20% required in each case, this training is particularly suitable for the operation of a surface heating with mobile 12 V power supply systems, such as those found in vehicles. The plastic films of the invention can thus be heated in the low voltage range, so that even the voltage of a car battery of 12 V can provide sufficient heating power.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung besteht darin, dass das Kunststoff-Material der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht als elektrisch leitfähiges Additiv ein Gemisch aus einem Leitfähigkeitsruß und weiteren leitfähigen Materialien, insbesondere Metallpulver oder - teilchen, auch evtl. Späne oder ähnliche Formulierungen enthält. Als elektrisch leitfähige Materialien können dabei z.B. Kupferpulver, Aluminiumpulver, Graphit, blättchenförmiges Aluminium, Kupfermikrokugeln oder -plättchen, versilberte Kupferblättchen, Leitruß oder Carbonstapelfasern verwendet werden. Mit anderen Typen bzw. anderen Systemen aus leitfähigen Additiven bzw. aus geeigneten Mischungen aus Additiven ist es damit möglich die "Sprungfunktion" zu modifizieren, d.h. die Funktion, die beschreibt, wann bei Unterschreiten eines bestimmten Wertes des Oberflächenwiderstandes die Heizbarkeit der Kunststoff-Folie bei gegebenen Spannungen und Stromstärken sprunghaft ansteigt.A further advantageous development is that the plastic material of the electrically conductive layer as an electrically conductive additive is a mixture of a conductive carbon black and further conductive materials, in particular metal powder or Particles, also possibly contains chips or similar formulations. In this case, for example, copper powder, aluminum powder, graphite, platelet-shaped aluminum, copper microspheres or platelets, silver-plated copper flakes, conductive carbon black or carbon staple fibers can be used as electrically conductive materials. With other types or other systems of conductive additives or suitable mixtures of additives, it is thus possible to modify the "jump function", ie the function that describes when falling below a certain value of the surface resistance, the heatability of the plastic film at given voltages and currents jumps.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung besteht darin, dass das Kunststoff-Material der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht aus einer mit einem elektrisch leitfähigen Additiv versehenen Polyurethanpaste oder Polyvinylchloridpaste besteht. Diese Materialien lassen sich in gut bewährter Art und Weise zu Sitzbezügen verarbeiten, wie sie in Kraftfahrzeugen Anwendung finden.A further advantageous embodiment consists in that the plastic material of the electrically conductive layer consists of a polyurethane paste or polyvinyl chloride paste provided with an electrically conductive additive. These materials can be processed in well-proven way to seat covers, as they are used in motor vehicles application.

Im Sinne einer besonders einfach herstellbaren Verbundtechnik besteht eine weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung darin, dass die elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht auf eine der Schichten des Verbundkörpers aufkaschiert ist. Dabei kann die elektrisch leitfähige Schicht selbst natürlich auch wieder aus mehreren miteinander verbundenen Schichten bestehen.In terms of a particularly easy to manufacture composite technology, a further advantageous development is that the electrically conductive layer is laminated on one of the layers of the composite body. Of course, the electrically conductive layer itself may of course also consist of several interconnected layers.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung besteht darin, dass die Kunststoff-Folie eine Trägerschicht aufweist, insbesondere eine textile Trägerschicht oder eine Trägerschicht aus Polymerschaum, etwa aus PVC-, Polyolefin- oder Polyurethanschaum, sowie gegebenenfalls zwischen diesen Trägerschicht und den übrigen Schichten angeordneten weiteren Kleberschichten. Hierdurch lassen sich jedwede physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften der Kunststoff-Folie, die für den jeweiligen Anwendungszweck benötigt werden, in breiter Weise einstellen. werden, in breiter Weise einstellen.A further advantageous development is that the plastic film has a carrier layer, in particular a textile carrier layer or a carrier layer of polymer foam, such as PVC, polyolefin or polyurethane foam, and optionally between this carrier layer and the other layers arranged further adhesive layers. As a result, any physico-chemical properties of the plastic film, which are required for the particular application, set in a broad way. be adjusted in a broad way.

Besonders vorteilhaft lässt sich eine solche Kunststoff-Folie in Form einer Sitzheizung für die Sitze von Kraftfahrzeugen verwenden, wobei die hochflexible Kunststoff-Folie einfach in den Sitzbezug eines solchen Sitzes eingebundenen ist, beispielsweise als eine mittlere Schicht des Bezuges, aufkaschiert auf eine zusätzliche Trägerschicht/Trägermatte und überdeckt von einer Florschicht mit der gewünschten Anmutung eines flauschigen Polsters, oder als Schicht innerhalb eines Kunstleders / Kunstleder-Schichtverbundes.It is particularly advantageous to use such a plastic film in the form of a seat heater for the seats of motor vehicles, wherein the highly flexible plastic film is simply integrated into the seat cover of such a seat, for example as a middle layer of the cover, laminated on an additional carrier layer / Support mat and covered by a pile layer with the desired appearance of a fluffy pad, or as a layer within an artificial leather / artificial leather layer composite.

Ein besonders vorteilhaftes Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Kunststoff-Folie besteht darin, dass das elektrisch leitfähige Additiv in eine Kunststoffpaste hineindispergiert wird und aus dieser Kunststoffpaste danach die elektrisch leitfähige Schicht hergestellt bzw. ausgebildet wird. Dies kann bei den unterschiedlichen Kunststoffen unterschiedlich erfolgen, also beispielsweise durch Gelieren der Paste beim Polyvinylchlorid (PVC), durch Lösungsmittelabziehen beim Polyurethan (PU) oder allgemein durch Ausreagieren in der Wärme. Das Dispergieren der Additive in die Paste lässt sich einfach, preiswert und sicher durchführen, etwa mit normaler Dispergiertechnik oder mit einem so genannten Leitstrahlmischer (Jetstream-Verfahren).A particularly advantageous method for producing such a plastic film is that the electrically conductive additive is dispersed into a plastic paste and then the electrically conductive layer is produced or formed from this plastic paste. This can be done differently with the different plastics, for example, by gelling the paste in polyvinyl chloride (PVC), by solvent stripping the polyurethane (PU) or generally by Ausreagieren in the heat. The dispersing of the additives into the paste can be carried out simply, inexpensively and safely, for example with a normal dispersion technique or with a so-called jet jet mixer.

Ein weiteres vorteilhaftes Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht für eine solche Kunststoff-Folie besteht darin, dass die elektrisch leitfähige Schicht aus einer Kunststoffschmelze verarbeitet wird, insbesondere unter Zugabe von elektrisch leitfähigen Additiven extrudiert wird. Dies ist insbesondere bei großen Serien sinnvoll, wenn nämlich eine solche Folie zum Beispiel als Rollen- oder Bahnenware hergestellt werden soll. Natürlich könnte die elektrisch leitfähige Schicht auch unter Zugabe von elektrisch leitfähigen Additiven mittels eines Kalandrierprozesses hergestellt werden, wobei die elektrisch leitfähigen Additive dem Kalander so zuzuführen wären, dass sie während des Kalandrierprozesses in die Kunststoffschicht eingearbeitet werden.Another advantageous method for producing an electrically conductive layer for such a plastic film is that the electrically conductive layer is processed from a plastic melt, in particular extruded with the addition of electrically conductive additives. This is particularly useful for large series, namely, if such a film is to be produced, for example, as a roll or web. Of course, the electrically conductive layer could also be produced with the addition of electrically conductive additives by means of a calendering process, wherein the electrically conductive additives would be supplied to the calender so that they are incorporated into the plastic layer during the calendering process.

Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles soll die gegenständliche Erfindung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
eine erfindungsgemäße Kunststoff-Folie im Schnitt
Fig. 2
ein Diagramm zur Darstellung der sprunghaften Erwärmung in Relation zum Oberflächenwiderstand der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht
Reference to an embodiment, the subject invention will be explained in more detail. Show it
Fig. 1
a plastic film according to the invention in section
Fig. 2
a diagram illustrating the sudden heating in relation to the surface resistance of the electrically conductive layer

Die Fig. 1 zeigt eine elektrisch heizbare Kunststoff-Folie 1 zum Einbinden in Flächenheizungen. Die Kunststoff-Folie 1 weist eine elektrisch leitfähige Schicht 2 auf, deren Kunststoff-Material elektrisch leitfähige Additive enthält. Die Additive sind, wie jedoch hier nicht näher dargestellt, im Kunststoffmaterial der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht so angeordnet und verteilt, dass auf der Oberfläche 3 der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht der Oberflächenwiderstand zwischen den Messpunkten 4 und 5 etwa 42 Ω/cm beträgt.The Fig. 1 shows an electrically heatable plastic film 1 for incorporation in surface heating. The plastic film 1 has an electrically conductive layer 2, the plastic material contains electrically conductive additives. The additives are, however, as not shown here, arranged and distributed in the plastic material of the electrically conductive layer so that on the surface 3 of the electrically conductive layer, the surface resistance between the measuring points 4 and 5 is about 42 Ω / cm.

Die Kunststoff-Folie 1 ist dabei als mehrschichtiger Verbundkörper ausgebildet, wobei die die elektrisch leitfähigen Additive enthaltende elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht 2 von der Oberfläche der Kunststoff-Folie, die mit einer Narbung oder Oberflächenstruktur 6 versehen ist, beabstandet angeordnet ist. Die Kunststoff-Folie 1 weist weiterhin eine Trägerschicht 7 auf, die aus Polyurethanschaum besteht.The plastic film 1 is formed as a multilayer composite body, wherein the electrically conductive additive containing electrically conductive layer 2 is spaced from the surface of the plastic film, which is provided with a grain or surface structure 6. The plastic film 1 further comprises a carrier layer 7, which consists of polyurethane foam.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt ein Diagramm zur Darstellung der sprunghaften Erwärmung in Relation zum Oberflächenwiderstand (OF-Widerstand) der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht, nämlich die Erwärmungstemperatur T [°C] der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht in der Kunststoff-Folie in Abhängigkeit vom Oberflächenwiderstand bei einer für eine Minute anliegenden Spannung von 9 Volt. Man erkennt hier deutlich den sprunghaften Anstieg 8 der Folienerwärmung bei etwa einem Wert von 200 Ω, was bei der hier gewählten Messmethode der Erwärmung einer 5 cm langen Folie bei Anlegen einer Spannung von einer 9V-Blockbatterie einem Wert von 40 Ω/cm entspricht.The Fig. 2 shows a diagram illustrating the sudden heating in relation to the surface resistance (OF resistance) of the electrically conductive layer, namely the heating temperature T [° C] of the electrically conductive layer in the plastic film as a function of the surface resistance at a voltage applied for one minute of 9 volts. It can clearly be seen here the sudden increase 8 of the film heating at a value of approximately 200 Ω, which corresponds to the value of 40 Ω / cm when heating a 5 cm long film when applying a voltage from a 9V block battery.

Die elektrisch leitfähige Schicht in der Kunststoff-Folie gemäß Fig. 1 wurde innerhalb einer Minute auf eine Temperatur von 65° C erwärmt.The electrically conductive layer in the plastic film according to Fig. 1 was heated to a temperature of 65 ° C within one minute.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS (Teil der Beschreibung)(Part of the description)

11
Kunststoff-FoliePlastic film
22
Leitfähige SchichtConductive layer
33
Oberfläche der leitfähigen SchichtSurface of the conductive layer
44
Messpunktmeasuring point
55
Messpunktmeasuring point
66
Narbung / OberflächenstrukturGrain / surface texture
77
Trägerschichtbacking
88th
Sprungförmiger Anstieg der Erwärmungstemperatur nach einer MinuteJump-shaped rise of the heating temperature after one minute

Claims (12)

  1. Electrically heatable plastics foil for incorporation in surface heating systems, where the plastics foil (1) has at least one electrically conductive layer (2), the plastics material of which comprises, at least in some regions, electrically conductive additives, where the plastics foil takes the form of multilayer composite structure, characterized in that the additives in the plastics material of the electrically conductive layer have been arranged and distributed in such a way that on at least one of the surfaces of the electrically conductive layer the maximal surface resistance is 50 Ω/cm, and that the arrangement has the electrically conductive layer at a distance from at least one surface of the plastics foil.
  2. Electrically heatable plastics foil according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plastics material of the electrically conductive layer (2) comprises, as electrically conductive additive, a conductive carbon black.
  3. Electrically heatable plastics foil according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the proportion of electrically conductive additives and/or conductive carbon black is from 20 to 50% of the weight of the electrically conductive layer, preferably from 20 to 35%.
  4. Electrically heatable plastics foil according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the plastics material of the electrically conductive layer (2) comprises, as electrically conductive additive, a mixture of a conductive carbon black and of other conductive materials, in particular metal powder or metal particles.
  5. Electrically heatable plastics foil according to any of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plastics material of the electrically conductive layer (2) is produced from a polyurethane paste provided with an electrically conductive additive.
  6. Electrically heatable plastics foil according to any of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the plastics material of the electrically conductive layer (2) is produced from a polyvinyl chloride paste provided with an electrically conductive additive.
  7. Electrically heatable plastics foil according to any of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the plastics material of the electrically conductive layer (2) is produced from a polyurethane melt provided with an electrically conductive additive.
  8. Electrically heatable plastics foil according to any of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the electrically conductive layer has been laminated onto one of the layers of the composite structure.
  9. Electrically heatable plastics foil according to any of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the plastics foil has a backing layer (7), in particular a textile backing layer or a backing layer made of polymer foam.
  10. Seat heating system, in particular for the seats of motor vehicles, composed of a plastics foil according to any of Claims 1 to 9 incorporated into the seat covering.
  11. Process for the production of an electrically conductive layer for a plastics foil according to any of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the electrically conductive additive is dispersed into a plastics paste and then the electrically conductive layer is produced from the said plastics paste.
  12. Process for the production of an electrically conductive layer for a plastics foil according to any of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the electrically conductive layer is processed from a plastics melt, in particular is extruded with addition of electrically conductive additives.
EP07118185.3A 2006-11-16 2007-10-10 Heatable film Active EP1924125B1 (en)

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ES2547259T3 (en) 2015-10-02
EP1924125A1 (en) 2008-05-21

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