EP1088318B1 - Device for safely disconnecting an electrical load with especially high inductivity from an electrical dc-voltage supply - Google Patents

Device for safely disconnecting an electrical load with especially high inductivity from an electrical dc-voltage supply Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1088318B1
EP1088318B1 EP99936261A EP99936261A EP1088318B1 EP 1088318 B1 EP1088318 B1 EP 1088318B1 EP 99936261 A EP99936261 A EP 99936261A EP 99936261 A EP99936261 A EP 99936261A EP 1088318 B1 EP1088318 B1 EP 1088318B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
relay
line
voltage
input
switching contact
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP99936261A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1088318A2 (en
Inventor
Björn MAGNUSSEN
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01H47/004—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits using plural redundant serial connected relay operated contacts in controlled circuit

Definitions

  • the circuit according to the invention is used for safety shutdown an electrical load from an electrical power supply, e.g. a feeding battery.
  • an electrical power supply e.g. a feeding battery.
  • safety shutdowns are used to forcefully shut down the electrical load e.g. required if an error occurs. This can e.g. to serve to protect people from undesired, uncontrolled and possibly even dangerous interventions by e.g. motor electric Protect load. Since the safety shutdown in the Usually done with the help of relays, their functionality must be assured.
  • the invention is based on the object of a shutdown device specify which without the use of special Safety relay gets along.
  • the circuit according to the invention is based on the fact that security the shutdown with the "checked redundancy" of staggered, conventional relay is achieved.
  • the design the shutdown device according to the invention has the special advantage that a safe shutdown after Principle of tested redundancy and diversity is achieved. It is possible that the use of special Safety relay can be dispensed with. Instead, you can for relays K1, K2, K3 simple, e.g. from mass production relays originating in the automotive sector are used, which each have only one set of switching contacts.
  • the invention has the advantage that a safe shutdown device built using inexpensive relays can be, which so far in conventional safety circuits could not be used.
  • the basic circuit diagram is an example according to Shutdown device constructed according to the invention, which is between an electrical power supply and an electrical load is connected.
  • the electrical Load can e.g. motor and part of a device. It does not represent the figure on the left side of the figure illustrated electrical power supply a dining DC input voltage Ue ready while on the right Side of the figure, the electrical load not shown a connection voltage Ua decreases.
  • the cut-off device becomes the input DC voltage Ue unchanged via lines L1, L2 to the connection point forwarded the electrical load.
  • the electrical load is then identical to the DC input voltage Ue.
  • the Line L1 the voltage potential of the input DC voltage Ue to the point of connection voltage Ua while the line L2 carries a reference potential, e.g. the ground potential.
  • the shutdown device contains on the side the electrical power supply, a first relay K1. Its switch contact K11 is connected to the infeed the input DC voltage Ue connected in line L1 and closed in normal operation. Furthermore, between the Entry point of the input DC voltage Ue and the switch contact K11 a fuse S connected in line L1. In Direction towards the connected electrical load follows the first relay K1 a second relay K2. Its switch contact K21 is connected between lines L1, L2 and in Normal operation open.
  • a third relay K3 may be arranged. Its switch contact K31 is then also in series with switch contact K11 switched into line L1 and closed in normal operation. On the output side of the switch contact K31 finally the voltage potential for the connection voltage Among other things, the electrical load is ready.
  • the relays K1, K2 and possibly K3 each have one Excitation winding K12, K22 and possibly K33. Is incurred this one provided by an enable signal line FS Control voltage Uf, the relays are activated and take their switching contacts K11, K21 and possibly K31 the switch positions explained above.
  • the relays K1, K3 can thus as a "closer” and the relay K2 as a "Opener” are called. In this normal mode the DC input voltage Ue without being influenced by the switch-off device unlimited as connection voltage Ua for the electrical load available.
  • a shutdown process of the electrical load i.e. a seperation the connection voltage Ua of the load from the input DC voltage Ue of the electrical power supply is used in the the example shown by a drop in the control voltage Uf triggered on the enable signal line FS.
  • an error e.g. inside one the device containing the electrical load signals which a forced shutdown of the electrical load requires.
  • the detection of the occurrence of the error and the subsequent one Interruption of the control voltage Uf can e.g. by accordingly attached switching means or detectors inside of the electrical device which causes the electrical Contains load.
  • Such elements are for the sake of better clarity not shown in the example of the figure.
  • the excitation voltages also drop on the excitation windings K12, K22 and if necessary at K32 the relays K1, K2 and possibly K3, see above that the relays opposite at the end of the shutdown process the representation in the schematic diagram of the figure complementary Assume switching states.
  • the operation of the shutdown device according to the invention is based on the one hand that the relays K1, K2 and one if necessary additionally available relay K3 during a switch-off process successively in the complementary Switch switching status.
  • the relays K1, K2 and one if necessary additionally available relay K3 during a switch-off process successively in the complementary Switch switching status thus opens the relay K1 first the switch contact K11.
  • the relay K2 closes the switch contact K21. If additional the relay K3 is present, then opens finally this also the switch contact K31.
  • the delay element K13 of the relay K1 the delay time t0
  • the delay element K23 of the relay K2 Delay time t0 + t1
  • the delay element K33 one possibly additional relay K3 the delay time t0 + t1 + t3 on.
  • a switch-off delay of the relays K1, K2, K3 can be implemented passively in a simple manner.
  • the supply line the control voltage Uf on the enable signal line FS then takes place via a high voltage resistant diode.
  • An outage one of the diodes in the direction of the interruption leads to switching off the electrical load, a failure of one of the diodes towards Short circuit cancels the delay effect, endangered but not switching off the electrical load.
  • Any relay K1, K2, K3 is connected with its own free-wheeling diode.
  • a resistor in series is also advantageous Free-wheeling diodes switched. If this resistance is small, so due to the residual magnetic field, the coil current still flows some Time ahead. If the resistance is greater, it becomes Current flow breaks down faster and the relay drops faster from. When choosing the resistors, the different ones can also Speed of the relay mechanics of the relays too be taken into account. Another way to delay the shutdown time is the use of capacitors.
  • the relay reacts after the control voltage Uf drops K1 is the first after a delay time t0.
  • the Normally open contact K11 opens and interrupts the power supply to the load to be switched off on the supply side DC input voltage Ue.
  • the relay K2 reacts after a delay time t0 + t1.
  • the normally closed contact K21 thus closes and closes the DC input voltage Ue short. If the relay K1 has not been disconnected correctly beforehand, the fuse S now triggers and interrupts the DC input voltage Ue. If to further increase the Switch-off security, a third relay K3 is present, see above this reacts after a delay time t0 + t1 + t2. Its normally open contact K31 opens and interrupts the Current flow on the side of the load to be switched off.
  • the invention Switch-off device have an additional test circuit TS.
  • the circuit according to the invention is particularly suitable for safe Switching off electrical loads, which are high Have inductance.
  • a DC motor can be called, which from a battery is supplied, e.g. a lead accumulator with a nominal voltage of 24V.
  • a problem with the forced shutdown of such loads is that in certain error situations briefly very high currents caused by the electrical load which can be safely interrupted by the shutdown device Need to become.
  • due to a blown Power amplifier a DC motor a very draw high current.
  • the maximum acceleration that occurs of the engine represents an extremely dangerous operating condition Through a sure response of the In this case, the engine must be switched off be shut down. Even with a mechanical blockage of the Motors can cause overload of the power amplifiers very high current occur.
  • a Short circuit within the full bridges of the power stage a direct current motor to be switched off, cause high current.
  • the relay K1 At the beginning of a shutdown, the relay K1 initially performed a normal separation process, taking the entire Load current must be interrupted. Should at that moment an extreme peak value of the load current can occur this will damage relay K1. The practice but has shown that the relay K1 usually despite a Damage to the separating state.
  • Relay K1 can only operate in rare exceptional cases "stick" to the damage, i.e. remain closed, and thus the desired separation process fails. Also a mechanical one Jamming of relay K1 cannot be completely ruled out. If relay K1 fails, a Safe shutdown is now effected by the further relay K2. This short-circuits the input DC voltage Ue and triggers thus the fuse S out. Because this process is just after If the relay K1 fails, this triggers the fuse S is a malfunction of K1, so that for Repair both fuse S and relay K1 are. This shutdown by short-circuiting the DC input voltage by means of the relay K2 causes a considerable Increased safety of the shutdown device.
  • relay K2 can switch on very high currents with inexpensive relay contacts are because no arc arises when switching on. In this way, often higher currents can be switched on than can be separated with comparable contacts. Furthermore, when the relay K2 is activated, as a rule already a situation where a high ready Load current flows. By closing the as a short circuit relay serving relay K2 is only a small one, additional current flow caused by the relay K2 to bring fuse S to trip.
  • the shutdown device according to the invention is highly available, i.e. itself has a high security against failure, because next to the relay K1, which normally the largest part of the load current to be switched off takes an additional one Relay K2 is present for reasons of redundancy. This is only needed in an emergency, i.e. if the relay fails K1, and is then, as stated above, during the switch-off process not heavily loaded.
  • the availability the shutdown device, i.e. their switch-off security, by a third, on the side of the to be switched off Relay K3 connected in series further increased considerably become.
  • the relay K3 only causes the shutdown process if the relays K1 and K2 have failed at the same time. In practice, it is not excluded that the relay K2 is mechanically jammed or that the fuse S e.g. on Due to a drop in one powered by a battery DC input voltage not triggered. In this case it takes over an additional relay K3 the shutdown. Because normally the relays K1 or K2 most of the to be switched off Take over current, the switch contact K31 is one third relay K3 generally unloaded and switches off, without having to interrupt a current flow. The relay K3 must switch a much lower load than the relay K1 or K2, so that the wear of its contacts and therefore its probability of failure is essential is less. With the help of a third relay K3 causes the very safe shutdown.
  • the invention advantageously supplemented by the third relay K3 Switch-off device is thus characterized by a triple shutdown redundancy. Even if two fail Load relay K1 and K2 is a shutdown due to the little load third relay almost always guaranteed. As with the Relays K1, K2 and K3 have different shutdown mechanisms security against design errors elevated.
  • the shutdown device according to the invention additionally has one Test circuit TS on, can hereby before restarting the shutdown device the functionality of all Relays are checked.
  • the prerequisite for initiating a switch-on process is it that the switch contacts S1, S2 and S3 in the connecting lines K14, K24, k34 are open. Furthermore, the potential on line L1 between the second and third relays K2 and K3 is low resistance to 0V, what about a Test line Ps1 can be detected. Finally, the requirement for switching on in the form of an active control voltage Uf is present on the enable signal line.
  • the switch contact S2 is closed by the test circuit TS. This activates relay K2 and opens its switching contact K21.
  • the test circuit now tries to determine via the test line Ps1 that the potential on the line L1 between the second and third relays K2 and K3 is no longer low-ohmic to 0V, but becomes high-ohmic. If this state does not occur after a certain time, the switch-on process is canceled and an error is displayed. If test point 1 is at 24V, relay K 1 is defective and the switch-on process is also canceled.
  • the switch contact S1 is closed by the test circuit TS. This activates relay K1 and closes its switch contact K11. This process is successfully completed when the test circuit detects the potential of the input DC voltage Ue after a short time via the test line Ps1. Otherwise, the switch-on process is aborted because either relay K1 or relay K 2 is defective.
  • switch contact S1 is opened again. This step serves the actual power-up process via relay K1 and not via relay K3 perform. This ensures that the contacts of the Relay K3 have the desired longer life than that of relay K1.
  • switch contact S3 is closed and with it the relay K3 switched on, i.e. whose switch contacts K31 closed.
  • switch contact S1 is closed, whereby the switching contact K11 of the relay K1 closes and the Load is powered.
  • test circuit TS is advantageously designed so that in regular Intervals the shutdown and Switch-on operations are run through on a trial basis. To this The functionality of all relays K1, K2, K3 can be adjusted regularly getting tested.

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  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
  • Protection Of Generators And Motors (AREA)

Description

Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltung dient zur Sicherheitsabschaltung einer elektrischen Last von einer elektrischen Energieversorgung, z.B. einer speisenden Batterie. Bei der Last kann es sich um elektrische Verbraucher wie z.B. um einen Elektromotor mit hoher Induktivität handeln. Sicherheitsabschaltungen werden zur Zwangsstillegung der elektrischen Last z.B. bei Auftritt eines Fehlers benötigt. Diese kann z.B. dazu dienen, Personen vor unerwünschten, unkontrollierten und u.U. sogar gefährdenden Eingriffen einer z.B. motorischen elektrischen Last zu schützen. Da die Sicherheitsabschaltung in der Regel mit Hilfe von Relais erfolgt, muß deren Funktionsfähigkeit sichergestellt sein.The circuit according to the invention is used for safety shutdown an electrical load from an electrical power supply, e.g. a feeding battery. With the load can electrical consumers such as an electric motor act with high inductance. safety shutdowns are used to forcefully shut down the electrical load e.g. required if an error occurs. This can e.g. to serve to protect people from undesired, uncontrolled and possibly even dangerous interventions by e.g. motor electric Protect load. Since the safety shutdown in the Usually done with the help of relays, their functionality must be assured.

Zur Sicherheitsabschaltung von elektrischen Lasten werden bislang spezielle Sicherheitsrelais verwendet. Diese weisen mehrere parallele, mechanisch zwangsgeführte Kontaktsätze auf. Während einer der Kontaktsätze zur Weiterleitung bzw. Unterbrechung des eigentlichen Laststromes dient, kann der andere Kontaktsatz mit einem Prüfstrom beaufschlagt werden. Durch Auswertung dieses Prüfstromes kann erfaßt werden, ob die zwangsgeführten Kontaktsätze einen gewünschten oder unerwünschten Schaltzustand einnehmen, d.h. ob das Sicherheitsrelais in Ordnung oder defekt ist. Diese Art der mechanischen Überprüfung von Relais mit Hilfe von Redundanzkontakten ist aber aufwendig.For the safety shutdown of electrical loads previously used special safety relays. These point several parallel, mechanically positively driven contact sets on. During one of the contact records for forwarding or Interruption of the actual load current can another contact set can be supplied with a test current. By evaluating this test current, it can be determined whether the positively driven contact sets a desired or undesirable Assume switching state, i.e. whether the safety relay is okay or broken. This kind of mechanical Checking of relays with the help of redundancy contacts but expensive.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde eine Abschaltvorrichtung anzugeben, welche ohne den Einsatz von speziellen Sicherheitsrelais auskommt. The invention is based on the object of a shutdown device specify which without the use of special Safety relay gets along.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst dem der im Anspruch 1 enthaltenen Abschaltvorrichtung. Vorteilhafte, weitere Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen enthalten.The object is achieved by the shutdown device contained in claim 1. Advantageous, further embodiments the invention are contained in the subclaims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltung beruht darauf, daß die Sicherheit der Abschaltung mit Hilfe der "geprüften Redundanz" von gestaffelten, konventionellen Relais erreicht wird. Die Gestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Abschaltvorrichtung hat den besonderen Vorteil, daß eine sichere Abschaltung nach dem Prinzip der geprüften Redundanz und Diversität erreicht wird. Hiermit ist es möglich, daß auf den Einsatz von speziellen Sicherheitsrelais verzichtet werden kann. Statt dessen können für die Relais K1, K2, K3 einfache, z.B. aus Großserienproduktion für den KFZ-Bereich stammende Relais einsetzt werden, welche jeweils nur einen Satz von Schaltkontakten aufweisen. Die Erfindung hat den Vorteil, daß eine sichere Abschaltvorrichtung unter Verwendung von kostengünstigen Relais aufgebaut werden kann, welche bislang in herkömmlichen Sicherheitsschaltungen nicht eingesetzt werden konnten.The circuit according to the invention is based on the fact that security the shutdown with the "checked redundancy" of staggered, conventional relay is achieved. The design the shutdown device according to the invention has the special advantage that a safe shutdown after Principle of tested redundancy and diversity is achieved. It is possible that the use of special Safety relay can be dispensed with. Instead, you can for relays K1, K2, K3 simple, e.g. from mass production relays originating in the automotive sector are used, which each have only one set of switching contacts. The invention has the advantage that a safe shutdown device built using inexpensive relays can be, which so far in conventional safety circuits could not be used.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele weiter erläutert.The invention is illustrated below with reference to one in the figure Exemplary embodiments further explained.

In der Figur ist beispielhaft das Prinzipschaltbild einer gemäß der Erfindung aufgebauten Abschaltvorrichtung dargestellt, welche zwischen einer elektrischen Energieversorgung und einer elektrischen Last geschaltet ist. Die elektrische Last kann z.B. motorisch und Bestandteil eines Gerätes sein. Dabei stellt auf der linken Seite der Figur die nicht näher dargestellte elektrische Energieversorgung eine speisende Eingangsgleichspannung Ue bereit, während auf der rechten Seite der Figur die nicht näher dargestellte elektrische Last eine Anschlußspannung Ua abnimmt. Im ungestörten Normalbetrieb der Abschaltvorrichtung wird die Eingangsgleichspannung Ue über die Leitungen L1, L2 unverändert bis an den Anschlußpunkt der elektrischen Last weitergeleitet. Die Anschlußspannung Ua der elektrischen Last ist dann identisch mit der Eingangsgleichspannung Ue. Im Beispiel der Figur führt somit die Leitung L1 das Spannungspotential der Eingangsgleichspannung Ue bis zum Punkt der Anschlußspannung Ua, während die Leitung L2 ein Bezugspotential trägt, z.B. das Massepotential.In the figure, the basic circuit diagram is an example according to Shutdown device constructed according to the invention, which is between an electrical power supply and an electrical load is connected. The electrical Load can e.g. motor and part of a device. It does not represent the figure on the left side of the figure illustrated electrical power supply a dining DC input voltage Ue ready while on the right Side of the figure, the electrical load not shown a connection voltage Ua decreases. In normal operation the cut-off device becomes the input DC voltage Ue unchanged via lines L1, L2 to the connection point forwarded the electrical load. The connection voltage The electrical load, among other things, is then identical to the DC input voltage Ue. In the example of the figure, the Line L1 the voltage potential of the input DC voltage Ue to the point of connection voltage Ua while the line L2 carries a reference potential, e.g. the ground potential.

Die erfindungsgemäße Abschaltvorrichtung enthält auf der Seite der elektrischen Energieversorgung ein erstes Relais K1. Dessen Schaltkontakt K11 ist im Anschluß an die Einspeisung der Eingangsgleichspannung Ue in die Leitung L1 geschaltet und im Normalbetrieb geschlossen. Ferner ist zwischen dem Einspeisepunkt der Eingangsgleichspannung Ue und dem Schaltkontakt K11 eine Sicherung S in die Leitung L1 geschaltet. In Richtung auf die angeschlossene elektrische Last folgt auf das erste Relais K1 ein zweites Relais K2. Dessen Schaltkontakt K21 ist zwischen die Leitungen L1, L2 geschaltet und im Normalbetrieb geöffnet.The shutdown device according to the invention contains on the side the electrical power supply, a first relay K1. Its switch contact K11 is connected to the infeed the input DC voltage Ue connected in line L1 and closed in normal operation. Furthermore, between the Entry point of the input DC voltage Ue and the switch contact K11 a fuse S connected in line L1. In Direction towards the connected electrical load follows the first relay K1 a second relay K2. Its switch contact K21 is connected between lines L1, L2 and in Normal operation open.

Gemäß einer weiteren, in der Figur bereits dargestellten Ausführung der Erfindung kann im Anschluß an das zweite Relais K2 noch ein drittes Relais K3 angeordnet sein. Dessen Schaltkontakt K31 ist dann in Reihe zum Schaltkontakt K11 ebenfalls in die Leitung L1 geschaltet und im Normalbetrieb geschlossen. An der Ausgangsseite des Schaltkontakts K31 steht schließlich das Spannungspotential für die Anschlußspannung Ua der elektrischen Last bereit.According to a further embodiment already shown in the figure the invention can follow the second relay K2 a third relay K3 may be arranged. Its switch contact K31 is then also in series with switch contact K11 switched into line L1 and closed in normal operation. On the output side of the switch contact K31 finally the voltage potential for the connection voltage Among other things, the electrical load is ready.

Die Relais K1, K2 und gegebenenfalls K3 weisen jeweils eine Erregerwicklung K12, K22 und gegebenenfalls K33 auf. Fällt an diesen eine von einer Freigabesignalleitung FS bereitgestellte Steuerspannung Uf ab, so werden die Relais aktiviert und deren Schaltkontakte K11, K21 und gegebenenfalls K31 nehmen die oben erläuterten Schaltstellungen ein. Die Relais K1, K3 können somit als ein "Schließer" und das Relais K2 als ein "Öffner" bezeichnet werden. In diesem Normalbetrieb steht die Eingangsgleichspannung Ue ohne Beeinflussung durch die Abschaltvorrichtung uneingeschränkt als Anschlußspannung Ua für die elektrische Last zur Verfügung.The relays K1, K2 and possibly K3 each have one Excitation winding K12, K22 and possibly K33. Is incurred this one provided by an enable signal line FS Control voltage Uf, the relays are activated and take their switching contacts K11, K21 and possibly K31 the switch positions explained above. The relays K1, K3 can thus as a "closer" and the relay K2 as a "Opener" are called. In this normal mode the DC input voltage Ue without being influenced by the switch-off device unlimited as connection voltage Ua for the electrical load available.

Ein Abschaltvorgang der elektrischen Last, d.h. eine Trennung der Anschlußspannung Ua der Last von der Eingangsgleichspannung Ue der elektrischen Energieversorgung, wird bei dem in der Figur dargestellten Beispiel durch einen Abfall der Steuerspannung Uf an der Freigabesignalleitung FS ausgelöst. Hiermit wird der Eintritt eines Fehlers z.B. im Inneren eines die elektrische Last enthaltenden Gerätes signalisiert, welcher eine Zwangsabschaltung der elektrischen Last erfordert. Die Erkennung des Fehlereintrittes und die darauf folgende Unterbrechung der Steuerspannung Uf können z.B. durch entsprechend angebrachte Schaltmittel bzw. Detektoren im Inneren des elektrischen Gerätes bewirkt werden, welches die elektrische Last enthält. Derartige Elemente sind aus Gründen der besseren Übersichtlichkeit im Beispiel der Figur nicht dargestellt. Mit Wegfall der Steuerspannung Uf fallen auch die Erregerspannungen an den Erregerwicklungen K12, K22 und gegebenenfalls an K32 der Relais K1, K2 und gegebenenfalls K3, so daß die Relais am Ende des Abschaltvorganges die gegenüber der Darstellung im Prinzipschaltbild der Figur komplementären Schaltzustände einnehmen.A shutdown process of the electrical load, i.e. a seperation the connection voltage Ua of the load from the input DC voltage Ue of the electrical power supply is used in the the example shown by a drop in the control voltage Uf triggered on the enable signal line FS. With this the occurrence of an error e.g. inside one the device containing the electrical load signals which a forced shutdown of the electrical load requires. The detection of the occurrence of the error and the subsequent one Interruption of the control voltage Uf can e.g. by accordingly attached switching means or detectors inside of the electrical device which causes the electrical Contains load. Such elements are for the sake of better clarity not shown in the example of the figure. With the elimination of the control voltage Uf, the excitation voltages also drop on the excitation windings K12, K22 and if necessary at K32 the relays K1, K2 and possibly K3, see above that the relays opposite at the end of the shutdown process the representation in the schematic diagram of the figure complementary Assume switching states.

Die Wirkungsweise der erfindungsgemäßen Abschaltvorrichtung beruht zum einen darauf, daß die Relais K1, K2 und ein gegebenenfalls zusätzlich vorhandenes Relais K3 während eines Abschaltvorganges sukzessive in den jeweils komplementären Schaltzustand übergehen. Im Beispiel der Figur öffnet somit das Relais K1 als erstes den Schaltkontakt K11. Im Anschluß daran schließt das Relais K2 den Schaltkontakt K21. Falls zusätzlich das Relais K3 vorhanden ist, so öffnet abschließend auch dieses den Schaltkontakt K31.The operation of the shutdown device according to the invention is based on the one hand that the relays K1, K2 and one if necessary additionally available relay K3 during a switch-off process successively in the complementary Switch switching status. In the example of the figure thus opens the relay K1 first the switch contact K11. In connection then the relay K2 closes the switch contact K21. If additional the relay K3 is present, then opens finally this also the switch contact K31.

Zur Erreichung dieser Reihenfolge der Aktivierung können den Relais K1, K2 und gegebenenfalls K3 entsprechend der Darstellung im Prinzipschaltbild der Figur Verzögerungsglieder K13, K23 und gegebenenfalls K33 vorgeschaltet sein, welche jeweils eine zunehmende Verzögerungszeit aufweisen. Im Beispiel der Figur weist das Verzögerungsglied K13 des Relais K1 die Verzögerungszeit t0, das Verzögerungsglied K23 des Relais K2 die Verzögerungszeit t0 + t1 und das Verzögerungsglied K33 eines eventuell zusätzlich vorhandenen Relais K3 die Verzögerungszeit t0 + t1 + t3 auf. Mittels dieser abgestuften Verzögerungszeiten wird bewirkt, daß die Relais in der Reihenfolge K1, K2, K3 abfallen.To achieve this order of activation, the Relays K1, K2 and possibly K3 as shown in the schematic diagram of the figure delay elements K13, K23 and possibly K33, which are each upstream have an increasing delay time. In the example of Figure shows the delay element K13 of the relay K1 the delay time t0, the delay element K23 of the relay K2 Delay time t0 + t1 and the delay element K33 one possibly additional relay K3 the delay time t0 + t1 + t3 on. By means of these graded delay times will cause the relays in the order K1, K2, K3 fall off.

In der Praxis hat es sich gezeigt, daß es durchaus möglich ist, auch ohne diskrete Verzögerungsglieder K13, K23 auszukommen und trotzdem das gewünschte sukzessive Abfallen der Relais beginnend bei K1, gefolgt von K2 bis hin zu K3 zu erreichen. Dies hat seine Ursache darin, daß die bauteilspezifische Eigenschaltverzögerung eines "Öffners", d.h. des Relais K1, kleiner sein kann als die Eigenschaltverzögerung eines "Schließers", d.h. des Relais K2. Bei geeigneter Bauelementeauswahl von K1, K2 schaltet somit das Relais K2 ohne zusätzliche Maßnahmen zeitlich nach dem Relais K1. Lediglich bei einem eventuell zusätzlich vorhandenen drittes Relais K3 ist u.U. ein diskretes, zusätzliches Verzögerungsglied vorzusehen. Dieses kann z.B. in Form einer in Sperrichtung zur Steuerspannung Uf parallel zur Erregerwicklung K32 geschalteten Freilaufdiode ausgeführt sein.In practice it has been shown that it is entirely possible is to get by without discrete delay elements K13, K23 and still the desired gradual decrease of the Relays starting at K1, followed by K2 to reach K3. This is due to the fact that the component-specific Self-switch delay of an "NC contact", i.e. of the relay K1, can be smaller than the intrinsic switching delay of a "Closer", i.e. of the relay K2. With a suitable selection of components of K1, K2 thus switches the relay K2 without additional Measures after the relay K1. Only if there is an additional third relay K3 may be to provide a discrete, additional delay element. This can e.g. in the form of in the reverse direction Control voltage Uf connected in parallel to the excitation winding K32 Free-wheeling diode can be executed.

Vorteilhaft kann eine Ausschaltverzögerung der Relais K1, K2, K3 auf einfache Art passiv implementiert werden. Die Zuleitung der Steuerspannung Uf auf der Freigabesignalleitung FS erfolgt dann über eine hochspannungsfeste Diode. Ein Ausfall einer der Dioden Richtung Unterbrechung führt zum Abschalten der elektrischen Last, ein Ausfall einer der Dioden in Richtung Kurzschluß hebt die Verzögerungswirkung auf, gefährdet aber eine Abschaltung der elektrischen Last nicht. Jedes Relais K1, K2, K3 wird mit einer eigenen Freilaufdiode beschaltet. Vorteilhaft wird zusätzlich ein Widerstand in Serie zur Freilaufdioden geschaltet. Ist dieser Widerstand klein, so fließt der Spulenstrom aufgrund des Restmagnetfeldes noch einige Zeit weiter. Ist der Widerstand größer, so wird dieser Stromfluß schneller abgebaut und das Relais fällt schneller ab. Bei der Auswahl der Widerstände kann auch die unterschiedliche Geschwindigkeit der Relaismechanik der Relais zu berücksichtigt werden. Eine andere Möglichkeit zur Verzögerung der Abschaltzeit ist die Verwendung von Kondensatoren.A switch-off delay of the relays K1, K2, K3 can be implemented passively in a simple manner. The supply line the control voltage Uf on the enable signal line FS then takes place via a high voltage resistant diode. An outage one of the diodes in the direction of the interruption leads to switching off the electrical load, a failure of one of the diodes towards Short circuit cancels the delay effect, endangered but not switching off the electrical load. Any relay K1, K2, K3 is connected with its own free-wheeling diode. A resistor in series is also advantageous Free-wheeling diodes switched. If this resistance is small, so due to the residual magnetic field, the coil current still flows some Time ahead. If the resistance is greater, it becomes Current flow breaks down faster and the relay drops faster from. When choosing the resistors, the different ones can also Speed of the relay mechanics of the relays too be taken into account. Another way to delay the shutdown time is the use of capacitors.

Der Ablauf eines Abschaltvorganges mit Hilfe der erfindungsgemäßen Abschaltvorrichtung soll nachfolgend im Detail erläutert werden.The sequence of a shutdown process with the help of the invention Switch-off device is explained in detail below become.

Nach einem Abfall der Steuerspannung Uf reagiert das Relais K1 nach Ablauf einer Verzögerungszeit t0 als erstes. Der Schließerkontakt K11 öffnet und unterbricht die Stromversorgung zur abzuschaltenden Last auf der Seite der speisenden Eingangsgleichspannung Ue. Als zweites reagiert das Relais K2 nach einer Verzögerungszeit t0 + t1. Der Öffnerkontakt K21 schließt und schließt damit die Eingangsgleichspannung Ue kurz. Sollte das Relais K1 vorher nicht korrekt getrennt haben, so löst jetzt die Sicherung S aus und unterbricht die Eingangsgleichspannung Ue. Falls zur weiteren Erhöhung der Abschaltsicherheit ein drittes Relais K3 vorhanden ist, so reagiert dieses nach Ablauf einer Verzögerungszeit t0 + t1 + t2. Dessen Schließerkontakt K31 öffnet und unterbricht so den Stromfluß auf der Seite der abzuschaltenden Last.The relay reacts after the control voltage Uf drops K1 is the first after a delay time t0. The Normally open contact K11 opens and interrupts the power supply to the load to be switched off on the supply side DC input voltage Ue. Second, the relay K2 reacts after a delay time t0 + t1. The normally closed contact K21 thus closes and closes the DC input voltage Ue short. If the relay K1 has not been disconnected correctly beforehand, the fuse S now triggers and interrupts the DC input voltage Ue. If to further increase the Switch-off security, a third relay K3 is present, see above this reacts after a delay time t0 + t1 + t2. Its normally open contact K31 opens and interrupts the Current flow on the side of the load to be switched off.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann die erfindungsgemäße Abschaltvorrichtung eine zusätzliche Testschaltung TS aufweisen. Dieser wird die Steuerspannung Uf über die Freigabesignalleitung FS zugeführt. Eine Auslösung des Abschaltzustandes kann durch die Testschaltung TS mit Hilfe einer Auswertung der Freigabesignalleitung FS festgestellt werden. Diese öffnet daraufhin zusätzliche Kontakte S1, S2, S3, welche in Verbindungsleitungen K14, K24, K34 zwischen den Erregerwicklungen K12, K22, K32 und dem Massepotential auf der Leitung L2 angeordnet sind. Damit wird eine versehentliche Wiedereinschaltung der Relais K1, K2 und gegebenenfalls K3 verhindert.According to a further embodiment, the invention Switch-off device have an additional test circuit TS. This becomes the control voltage Uf via the enable signal line FS fed. Tripping the shutdown state can by the test circuit TS with the help of an evaluation the enable signal line FS can be determined. This then opens additional contacts S1, S2, S3, which in connecting lines K14, K24, K34 between the field windings K12, K22, K32 and the ground potential on the Line L2 are arranged. It will be an accidental Reactivation of the relays K1, K2 and possibly K3 prevented.

Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltung ist besonders geeignet zur sicheren Abschaltung von elektrischen Lasten, welche eine hohe Induktivität aufweisen. Als ein Beispiel kann z.B. ein Gleichstrommotor genannt werden, welcher von einer Batterie versorgt wird, z.B. einem Bleiakkumulator mit 24V Nennspannung. Ein Problem bei der Zwangsabschaltung derartiger Lasten besteht darin, daß bei bestimmten Fehlersituationen kurzzeitig sehr hohe Ströme von der elektrischen Last verursacht werden können, welche von der Abschaltvorrichtung sicher unterbrochen werden müssen. So kann z.B. aufgrund einer durchgebrannten Leistungsendstufe ein Gleichstrommotor einen sehr hohen Strom aufnehmen. Die dabei auftretende Maximalbeschleunigung des Motors stellt einen äußerst gefährlichen Betriebszustand dar. Durch ein in jedem Falle sicheres Ansprechen der Abschaltvorrichtung muß der Motor in diesem Fall zwangsweise stillgelegt werden. Auch bei einer mechanischen Blockade des Motors kann durch eine Überlastung der Leistungsendstufen ein sehr hoher Strom auftreten. Schließlich kann z.B. auch ein Kurzschluß innerhalb der Vollbrücken der Leistungsendstufe eines Gleichstrommotors einen zwangsweise abzuschaltenden, hohen Strom verursachen.The circuit according to the invention is particularly suitable for safe Switching off electrical loads, which are high Have inductance. As an example, e.g. on DC motor can be called, which from a battery is supplied, e.g. a lead accumulator with a nominal voltage of 24V. A problem with the forced shutdown of such loads is that in certain error situations briefly very high currents caused by the electrical load which can be safely interrupted by the shutdown device Need to become. For example, due to a blown Power amplifier a DC motor a very draw high current. The maximum acceleration that occurs of the engine represents an extremely dangerous operating condition Through a sure response of the In this case, the engine must be switched off be shut down. Even with a mechanical blockage of the Motors can cause overload of the power amplifiers very high current occur. Finally, e.g. also a Short circuit within the full bridges of the power stage a direct current motor to be switched off, cause high current.

Zu Beginn einer Abschaltung wird durch das Relais K1 zunächst ein normaler Trennvorgang durchgeführt, wobei der gesamten Laststrom unterbrochen werden muß. Sollte in diesem Moment ein extremer Spitzenwert des Laststrom auftreten, so kann dies zu einer Beschädigung des Relais K1 führen. Die Praxis hat aber gezeigt, daß das Relais K1 in der Regel trotz einer Beschädigung der trennende Zustand einnimmt. At the beginning of a shutdown, the relay K1 initially performed a normal separation process, taking the entire Load current must be interrupted. Should at that moment an extreme peak value of the load current can occur this will damage relay K1. The practice but has shown that the relay K1 usually despite a Damage to the separating state.

Nur in seltenen Ausnahmefällen kann das Relais K1 auf Grund der Beschädigung "kleben", d.h. geschlossen bleiben, und somit der gewünschte Trennvorgang fehlschlagen. Auch eine mechanische Verklemmung des Relais K1 ist nicht vollkommen auszuschließen. Im Falle eines Versagens von Relais K1 wird eine sichere Abschaltung nun durch das weitere Relais K2 bewirkt. Dieses schließt die Eingangsgleichspannung Ue kurz und löst damit die Sicherung S aus. Da dieser Vorgang sich nur nach einem Versagen des Relais K1 ereignet, signalisiert das Auslösen der Sicherung S eine Fehlfunktion von K1, so daß zur Instandsetzung sowohl die Sicherung S auch das Relais K1 auszuwechseln sind. Diese Abschaltung durch Kurzschluß der Eingangsgleichspannung mittels des Relais K2 bewirkt eine erhebliche Steigerung der Sicherheit der Abschaltvorrichtung. Die Ursache hierfür liegt darin, daß auch mit Hilfe eines Relais K2 mit kostengünstigen Relaiskontakten sehr hohe Ströme einschaltbar sind, da beim Einschaltvorgang kein Lichtbogen entsteht. Es können somit vielfach höhere Ströme eingeschaltet werden, als sich mit vergleichbaren Kontakten trennen ließen. Weiterhin liegt bei der Aktivierung des Relais K2 in der Regel bereits eine Situation vor, bei der bereit ein hoher Laststrom fließt. Durch das Schließen des als ein Kurzschlußrelais dienenden Relais K2 wird also nur noch ein geringer, zusätzlicher Stromfluß durch das Relais K2 hervorgerufen, um die Sicherung S zur Auslösung zu bringen.Relay K1 can only operate in rare exceptional cases "stick" to the damage, i.e. remain closed, and thus the desired separation process fails. Also a mechanical one Jamming of relay K1 cannot be completely ruled out. If relay K1 fails, a Safe shutdown is now effected by the further relay K2. This short-circuits the input DC voltage Ue and triggers thus the fuse S out. Because this process is just after If the relay K1 fails, this triggers the fuse S is a malfunction of K1, so that for Repair both fuse S and relay K1 are. This shutdown by short-circuiting the DC input voltage by means of the relay K2 causes a considerable Increased safety of the shutdown device. The The reason for this is that also with the help of a relay K2 can switch on very high currents with inexpensive relay contacts are because no arc arises when switching on. In this way, often higher currents can be switched on than can be separated with comparable contacts. Furthermore, when the relay K2 is activated, as a rule already a situation where a high ready Load current flows. By closing the as a short circuit relay serving relay K2 is only a small one, additional current flow caused by the relay K2 to bring fuse S to trip.

Die erfindungsgemäße Abschaltvorrichtung ist hochverfügbar, d.h. besitzt selbst eine hohe Sicherheit gegen Ausfall, da neben dem Relais K1, welches im Normalfall den größten Teil des abzuschaltenden Laststromes übernimmt, ein zusätzliches Relais K2 aus Gründen der Redundanz vorhanden ist. Dieses wird nur im Notfall benötigt, d.h. bei einem Versagen des Relais K1, und ist dann, wie oben ausgeführt, während des Ausschaltvorganges nicht stark belastet. The shutdown device according to the invention is highly available, i.e. itself has a high security against failure, because next to the relay K1, which normally the largest part of the load current to be switched off takes an additional one Relay K2 is present for reasons of redundancy. This is only needed in an emergency, i.e. if the relay fails K1, and is then, as stated above, during the switch-off process not heavily loaded.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung kann die Verfügbarkeit der Abschaltvorrichtung, d.h. deren Abschaltsicherheit, durch ein drittes, auf der Seite der abzuschaltenden Last in Reihe geschaltetes Relais K3 weiter erheblich erhöht werden. Das Relais K3 bewirkt nur dann den Abschaltvorgang, wenn die Relais K1 und K2 gleichzeitig versagt haben. Praktisch ist es nicht ausgeschlossen, daß auch das Relais K2 mechanisch verklemmt ist oder daß die Sicherung S z.B. auf Grund eines Abfalles einer durch eine Batterie gespeisten Eingangsgleichspannung nicht auslöst. In diesem Fall übernimmt ein zusätzliches Relais K3 die Abschaltung. Da im Normalfall die Relais K1 oder K2 den größten Teil des abzuschaltenden Stromes übernehmen, ist der Schaltkontakt K31 eines dritten Relais K3 in aller Regel unbelastet und schaltet aus, ohne dabei einen Stromfluß unterbrechen zu müssen. Das Relais K3 muß also eine wesentlich geringere Belastung schalten als die Relais K1 oder K2, so daß die Abnutzung von dessen Kontakten und damit dessen Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit wesentlich geringer ist. Mit Hilfe eines dritten Relais K3 wird somit die sehr sichere Abschaltung bewirkt.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the availability the shutdown device, i.e. their switch-off security, by a third, on the side of the to be switched off Relay K3 connected in series further increased considerably become. The relay K3 only causes the shutdown process if the relays K1 and K2 have failed at the same time. In practice, it is not excluded that the relay K2 is mechanically jammed or that the fuse S e.g. on Due to a drop in one powered by a battery DC input voltage not triggered. In this case it takes over an additional relay K3 the shutdown. Because normally the relays K1 or K2 most of the to be switched off Take over current, the switch contact K31 is one third relay K3 generally unloaded and switches off, without having to interrupt a current flow. The relay K3 must switch a much lower load than the relay K1 or K2, so that the wear of its contacts and therefore its probability of failure is essential is less. With the help of a third relay K3 causes the very safe shutdown.

Die vorteilhaft um das dritte Relais K3 ergänzte erfindungsgemäße Abschaltvorrichtung zeichnet sich somit durch eine dreifache Abschaltredundanz aus. Selbst bei Ausfall von zwei Lastrelais K1 und K2 ist eine Abschaltung durch das wenig belastete dritte Relais nahezu immer gewährleistet. Da mit den Relais K1, K2 und K3 verschiedene Abschaltmechanismen ausgeführt werden, wird damit zusätzlich die Sicherheit gegen Designfehler erhöht.The invention advantageously supplemented by the third relay K3 Switch-off device is thus characterized by a triple shutdown redundancy. Even if two fail Load relay K1 and K2 is a shutdown due to the little load third relay almost always guaranteed. As with the Relays K1, K2 and K3 have different shutdown mechanisms security against design errors elevated.

Weist die erfindungsgemäße Abschaltvorrichtung zusätzlich eine Testschaltung TS auf, so kann hiermit vor einer Wiedereinschaltung der Abschaltvorrichtung die Funktionsfähigkeit aller Relais geprüft werden. The shutdown device according to the invention additionally has one Test circuit TS on, can hereby before restarting the shutdown device the functionality of all Relays are checked.

Voraussetzung für die Einleitung eines Einschaltvorganges ist es, daß die Schaltkontakte S1, S2 und S3 in den Verbindungsleitungen K14, K24, k34 geöffnet sind. Ferner muß das Potential auf der Leitung L1 zwischen dem zweiten und dritten Relais K2 und K3 niederohmig auf 0V liegt, was über eine Prüfleitung Ps1 erfaßt werden kann. Schließlich muß die Anforderung zum Einschalten in Form einer aktiven Steuerspannung Uf auf der Freigabesignalleitung vorliegt.The prerequisite for initiating a switch-on process is it that the switch contacts S1, S2 and S3 in the connecting lines K14, K24, k34 are open. Furthermore, the potential on line L1 between the second and third relays K2 and K3 is low resistance to 0V, what about a Test line Ps1 can be detected. Finally, the requirement for switching on in the form of an active control voltage Uf is present on the enable signal line.

Der Ablauf eines Einschaltvorganges wird nachfolgend näher erläutert.The sequence of a switch-on process is explained in more detail below explained.

Zunächst wird der Schaltkontakt S2 von der Testschaltung TS geschlossen. Die bewirkt eine Aktivierung des Relais K2 und eine Öffnung von dessen Schaltkontakt K21. Die Testschaltung versucht nun über die Prüfleitung Ps1 festzustellen, daß das Potential auf der Leitung L1 zwischen dem zweiten und dritten Relais K2 und K3 nicht mehr niederohmig auf 0V liegt, sondern hochohmig wird. Stellt sich dieser Zustand nicht nach einer gewissen Zeit ein, so wird der Einschaltvorgang abgebrochen und ein Fehler angezeigt. Liegt der Prüfpunkt 1 auf 24V, so ist das Relais K1 defekt und der Einschaltvorgang wird ebenfalls abgebrochen.First, the switch contact S2 is closed by the test circuit TS. This activates relay K2 and opens its switching contact K21. The test circuit now tries to determine via the test line Ps1 that the potential on the line L1 between the second and third relays K2 and K3 is no longer low-ohmic to 0V, but becomes high-ohmic. If this state does not occur after a certain time, the switch-on process is canceled and an error is displayed. If test point 1 is at 24V, relay K 1 is defective and the switch-on process is also canceled.

Ist das Potential auf der Leitung L1 zwischen dem zweiten und dritten Relais K2 und K3 hochohmig, wird der Schaltkontakt S1 von der Testschaltung TS geschlossen. Die bewirkt eine Aktivierung des Relais K1 und eine Schließung von dessen Schaltkontakt K11. Dieser Vorgang ist erfolgreich abgeschlossen, wenn die Testschaltung über die Prüfleitung Ps1 nach kurzer Zeit das Potential der Eingangsgleichspannung Ue erfaßt. Andernfalls wird der Einschaltvorgang abgebrochen, da dann entweder das Relais K1 oder das Relais K2 defekt ist.If the potential on line L1 between the second and third relays K2 and K3 is high-resistance, the switch contact S1 is closed by the test circuit TS. This activates relay K1 and closes its switch contact K11. This process is successfully completed when the test circuit detects the potential of the input DC voltage Ue after a short time via the test line Ps1. Otherwise, the switch-on process is aborted because either relay K1 or relay K 2 is defective.

Wird von der Testschaltung TS über eine weitere Prüfleitung Ps2 die Spannung am Anschlußpunkt für die Anschlußspannung Ua der elektrischen Last überwacht, so kann auch ein gegebenenfalls zusätzlich vorhandenes Relais K3 überprüft werden. Falls auf der Prüfleitung Ps2 ebenfalls das Potential der Eingangsgleichspannung ansteht ist das Relais K3 defekt und der Einschaltvorgang wird abgebrochen.Is from the test circuit TS via another test line Ps2 the voltage at the connection point for the connection voltage Ua of the electrical load is monitored, so if necessary additionally existing relay K3 can be checked. If the potential of the Relay K3 is defective and the switch-on process is canceled.

Im folgenden Schritt wird der Schaltkontakt S1 wieder geöffnet. Dieser Schritt dient dazu, den eigentlichen Einschaltvorgang über das Relais K1 und nicht über das Relais K3 durchzuführen. Damit ist sichergestellt, daß die Kontakte des Relais K3 die gewünschte längere Lebensdauer aufweisen, als die des Relais K1.In the following step, switch contact S1 is opened again. This step serves the actual power-up process via relay K1 and not via relay K3 perform. This ensures that the contacts of the Relay K3 have the desired longer life than that of relay K1.

Nun wird der Schaltkontakt S3 geschlossen und damit das Relais K3 eingeschaltet, d.h. dessen Schaltkontakte K31 geschlossen. Als letztes wird der Schaltkontakt S1 geschlossen, wodurch der Schaltkontakt K11 des Relais K1 schließt und die Last mit Strom versorgt wird.Now the switch contact S3 is closed and with it the relay K3 switched on, i.e. whose switch contacts K31 closed. Finally, switch contact S1 is closed, whereby the switching contact K11 of the relay K1 closes and the Load is powered.

Der Abbrechen des Einschaltvorganges in einer der oben dargestellten Zustände hat zur Folge, daß das Steuersignal Uf auf der Freigabesignalleitung FS von der Testschaltung TS unterbrochen wird. Dadurch wird wieder ein regulärer Abschaltvorgang eingeleitet, welcher der oben bereits im Detail beschriebenen Abschaltung entspricht.Aborting the switch-on process in one of the above States has the consequence that the control signal Uf on the enable signal line FS interrupted by the test circuit TS becomes. This will turn it into a regular shutdown initiated which of the above already described in detail Shutdown corresponds.

Vorteilhaft ist die Testschaltung TS so ausgelegt, daß in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen die oben beschriebenen Abschalt- und Einschaltvorgänge probeweise durchlaufen werden. Auf diese Weise kann die Funktionsfähigkeit aller Relais K1, K2, K3 regelmäßig getestet werden.The test circuit TS is advantageously designed so that in regular Intervals the shutdown and Switch-on operations are run through on a trial basis. To this The functionality of all relays K1, K2, K3 can be adjusted regularly getting tested.

Claims (3)

  1. Apparatus for high-availability disconnection of an electrical load from the input DC voltage (Ue) of a DC supply, with
    a) a potential-carrying first line (L1) and a second line (L2) carrying a reference potential, particularly the ground potential, said second line carrying the input DC voltage (Ue) to a connection point for the input voltage (Ua) of the electrical load,
    b) a fuse (S) connected in series in the first line (L1) in the area of the supply for the input DC voltage (Ue),
    c) a first relay (K1), whose switching contact (K11) is connected in series in the first line (L1) on the side of the fuse (S) opposite the input DC voltage (Ue), said switching contact being closed during normal operation, and being opened for disconnecting the first line (L1) when a disconnection is initiated, and
    d) a second relay (K2), whose switching contact (K21) is connected in parallel between the first line and second line (L1, L2) on the side of the switching contact (K11) of the first relay (K1) opposite the input DC voltage (Ue), said switching contact being opened during normal operation, and being closed when a disconnection is initiated for short-circuiting the first line to the second line (L1) once the switching contact (K11) of the first relay (K1) is opened.
  2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, with a third relay (K3), whose switching contact (K31) is connected in series in the first line (L1) on the side of the switching contact (K21) of the second relay (K2) opposite the input DC voltage (Ue), said switching contact being closed during normal operation, and being opened when a disconnection is initiated for disconnecting the first line (L1) once the switching contact (K21) of the second relay (K2) is closed.
  3. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first, second or third relays (K1, K2, K3) are commercially available relays with single contact sets.
EP99936261A 1998-05-29 1999-05-17 Device for safely disconnecting an electrical load with especially high inductivity from an electrical dc-voltage supply Expired - Lifetime EP1088318B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29809550U DE29809550U1 (en) 1998-05-29 1998-05-29 Device for safely switching off an electrical load, in particular with high inductance, from an electrical DC voltage supply
DE29809550U 1998-05-29
PCT/DE1999/001480 WO1999063561A2 (en) 1998-05-29 1999-05-17 Device for safely disconnecting an electrical load with especially high inductivity from an electrical dc-voltage supply

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EP1088318A2 EP1088318A2 (en) 2001-04-04
EP1088318B1 true EP1088318B1 (en) 2002-04-03

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JP (1) JP3831611B2 (en)
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CN1287702A (en) 2001-03-14
WO1999063561A2 (en) 1999-12-09
EP1088318A2 (en) 2001-04-04
US20010002101A1 (en) 2001-05-31
JP3831611B2 (en) 2006-10-11
DE59901130D1 (en) 2002-05-08
JP2002517968A (en) 2002-06-18
WO1999063561A3 (en) 2000-06-02
KR20010043925A (en) 2001-05-25
CA2333483A1 (en) 1999-12-09
US6366434B2 (en) 2002-04-02
CN1113447C (en) 2003-07-02
DE29809550U1 (en) 1999-07-08

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