DE19642522C1 - Inverter - Google Patents
InverterInfo
- Publication number
- DE19642522C1 DE19642522C1 DE19642522A DE19642522A DE19642522C1 DE 19642522 C1 DE19642522 C1 DE 19642522C1 DE 19642522 A DE19642522 A DE 19642522A DE 19642522 A DE19642522 A DE 19642522A DE 19642522 C1 DE19642522 C1 DE 19642522C1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor
- voltage
- semiconductor switch
- microcontroller
- wave
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wechselrichter gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, wie er aus der US-Z.: C. M. Penalver, u. a.: "Microprocessor Control of DC/AC Static Converters", in: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec tronics, Vol. IE-32, No. 3, August 1985, S. 186-191 bekannt ist.The invention relates to an inverter according to the The preamble of claim 1, as it is known from the US-Z .: C. M. Penalver, u. a .: "Microprocessor Control of DC / AC Static Converters ", in: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec tronics, vol. IE-32, No. 3, August 1985, pp. 186-191 is known.
Aus der AT 381 813 B ist es bei einer Schaltungsanord nung zur Erzeugung einer bipolaren Ausgangsspannung aus einer unipolaren Eingangsspannung bekannt, eine Drossel zu verwenden, deren eine Seite über einen ersten Halb leiter mit dem einen Gleichspannungseingang und deren andere Seite über einen zweiten Halbleiter mit dem ande ren Gleichspannungseingang verbunden ist, wobei die Drossel entsprechend dem Ein-/Aus-Zyklus der zugeordne ten Schalter Energie speichert.From AT 381 813 B it is with a circuit arrangement voltage to generate a bipolar output voltage known a unipolar input voltage, a choke to use one side over a first half conductor with the one DC voltage input and its other side via a second semiconductor with the other ren DC input is connected, the Choke according to the on / off cycle of the assigned switch stores energy.
Die bisher üblichen Wechselrichter haben folgende Nach teile: Bei Verwendung von 50 Hz-Transformatoren sind die Geräte schwer und voluminös. Bei Verwendung von HZ-Transformatoren entstehen hohe Verluste. Bei den Schal tungen, die auf einen Transformator verzichten, wird ei ne relativ hohe Eingangsspannung benötigt, das Gleich spannungspotential liegt nicht kontinuierlich auf Masse. Bei der Verwendung von Thyristorwechselrichtern ist der erzeugte Wechselstrom mit relativ hohen Klirrfaktoren behaftet.The inverters usual up to now have the following after parts: When using 50 Hz transformers, the Devices heavy and voluminous. When using HZ transformers result in high losses. With the scarf ttions that do without a transformer will be ne relatively high input voltage required, the same voltage potential is not continuously on ground. When using thyristor inverters, the generated alternating current with relatively high distortion factors afflicted.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen leich ten, verlustarmen und mit einem geringen Klirrfaktor be hafteten Wechselrichter zu schaffen.The invention is based, an easy task low loss and with a low distortion factor stuck to create inverters.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claim 1 solved.
Die Unteransprüche geben bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung an.The subclaims give preferred configurations of the Invention.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand einer Zeichnung erläutert. Dabei zeigt:The invention is described below with reference to a drawing explained. It shows:
Fig. 1 das Schaltbild eines solchen Wechselrichters, und Fig. 1 shows the circuit diagram of such an inverter, and
Fig. 2 das Schaltmuster, mit dem die Halbleiter schalter in Abhängigkeit von dem Verlauf der Wechselspannung geschaltet werden. Fig. 2 shows the switching pattern with which the semiconductor switches are switched depending on the course of the AC voltage.
Die Schaltung besteht aus einem Kondensator 34, der über den Wechselspannungseingängen 12, 16 liegt. Eine Drossel 8 ist vorgesehen, deren eine Seite über einen ersten Halbleiter 10 mit dem einen Gleichspannungsanschluß 12 und deren andere Seite über einen zweiten Halbleiter 14 mit dem anderen Gleichspannungseingang verbunden ist. Zwischen der einen Seite der Drossel und dem einen Wech selspannungsausgang 22 liegt eine erste Reihenschaltung, die aus einer ersten Diode 18 und einem dritten Halblei ter 20 gebildet ist, zwischen der anderen Seite der Drossel 8 und dem einen Wechselspannungsausgang 22 liegt weiter eine zweite Reihenschaltung, die aus einer zwei ten Diode 24 und einem vierten Halbleiter 26 gebildet ist. Ein fünfter Halbleiter 32 verbindet den Mittelpunkt der zweiten Reihenschaltung mit einer den anderen Gleichspannungseingang direkt mit dem anderen Wechsel spannungsausgang verbindenden Leitung.The circuit consists of a capacitor 34 , which lies across the AC voltage inputs 12 , 16 . A choke 8 is provided, one side of which is connected to the one DC voltage connection 12 via a first semiconductor 10 and the other side of which is connected to the other DC voltage input via a second semiconductor 14 . Between the one side of the inductor and the one AC voltage output 22 there is a first series circuit which is formed from a first diode 18 and a third semiconductor 20 , between the other side of the inductor 8 and the one AC voltage output 22 there is further a second series circuit, which is formed from a two-th diode 24 and a fourth semiconductor 26 . A fifth semiconductor 32 connects the center of the second series circuit with a line connecting the other DC voltage input directly to the other AC voltage output.
Ein - nicht gezeigter - Mikrocontroller schaltet die Halbleiter 10, 14, 20, 26 und 32. Der erste Halbleiter 10 wird nur während der positiven Halbwelle der sinus förmigen Netzspannung mehrfach ein- und ausgeschaltet, während der negativen Halbwelle bleibt er eingeschaltet. Der andere Halbleiter 14 wird dagegen ständig ein- und ausgeschaltet, wobei das Verhältnis zwischen den Ein- und Ausschaltzeiten von der jeweiligen Höhe der Netz spannung abhängig ist. Der dritte Halbleiter 20 und der fünfte Halbleiter 32 werden während der positiven Halb welle ein- und während der negativen Halbwelle ausge schaltet. Für den Halbleiter 26 gilt das umgekehrte. A microcontroller (not shown) switches the semiconductors 10 , 14 , 20 , 26 and 32 . The first semiconductor 10 is only switched on and off several times during the positive half-cycle of the sinusoidal mains voltage, and remains switched on during the negative half-cycle. The other semiconductor 14 , on the other hand, is constantly switched on and off, the ratio between the switch-on and switch-off times depending on the respective level of the mains voltage. The third semiconductor 20 and the fifth semiconductor 32 are switched on during the positive half-wave and switched off during the negative half-wave. The reverse applies to the semiconductor 26 .
Der gepulst geschaltete zweite Halbleiter 14 beauf schlagt während seines leitenden Zustands die Drossel 8 mit einem Strom, der über den dann leitenden Halb leiter 10 den Gleichspannungsanschlüssen 12, 16 entnom men wird. Hierbei wird in der Drossel 8 Energie gespei chert. Sperrt nun der zweite Halbleiter 14 wieder, wird die in der Drossel 8 gespeicherte Energie über den er sten Halbleiter 10 und die zweite Reihenschaltung den Wechselspannungsausgängen zugeführt. Dieser Vorgang wie derholt sich in schneller Folge für die Dauer der posi tiven Halbwelle.The pulsed second semiconductor 14 acts on the choke 8 during its conductive state with a current which is taken from the then conductive semiconductor 10 of the DC voltage connections 12 , 16 men. Here 8 energy is stored in the throttle. Now locks the second semiconductor 14 again, the energy stored in the choke 8 is fed via the first semiconductor 10 and the second series connection to the AC voltage outputs. This process is repeated in quick succession for the duration of the positive half-wave.
Die während der negativen Halbwelle in der Drossel 8 nach gleichzeitigem Sperren des ersten und des zweiten Halbleiter 10, 14 gespeicherte Energie wird bei gleich zeitigem Leiten der beiden Halbleiter 14, 10 über die erste Reihenschaltung und den in Reihe mit der zweiten Diode 24 liegenden leitenden vierten Halbleiter 26 den Wechselspannungsanschlüssen zugeführt.The energy stored in the inductor 8 during the negative half-wave after simultaneous blocking of the first and second semiconductors 10 , 14 becomes simultaneous when the two semiconductors 14 , 10 are conducted via the first series circuit and the fourth conductive line connected in series with the second diode 24 Semiconductor 26 supplied to the AC voltage connections.
Das Pulsmuster wird aus einer Ansteuerschaltung gewon nen, in der das Tastverhältnis der Pulse (EIN/AUS) aus einem Fehlerverstärker abgeleitet wird, dem zum einen ein Sollwert (beispielsweise eine Sinusfunktion) und zum anderen ein Istwert der erzeugten Wechselspannung bzw. des Wechselstromes zugeführt wird. Der Fehlerverstärker variiert daraufhin entsprechend das den Halbleiter 14, 10 zugeführte Pulsmuster. Das den anderen Halbleiter 20, 26, 32 zugeführte Signal wird entsprechend im jeweiligen Nulldurchgang der Wechselspannungsseite erzeugt.The pulse pattern is obtained from a control circuit in which the pulse duty factor (ON / OFF) is derived from an error amplifier to which a setpoint (for example a sine function) and an actual value of the alternating voltage or alternating current generated are supplied . The error amplifier then varies the pulse pattern supplied to the semiconductors 14 , 10 accordingly. The signal supplied to the other semiconductors 20 , 26 , 32 is correspondingly generated in the respective zero crossing on the AC voltage side.
Bei Verwendung des Wechselrichters in einem Inselbetrieb können die Dioden 18, 24 durch steuerbare Halbleiter ersetzt werden, die dann von dem Mikrocontroller geeig net anzusteuern sind.When using the inverter in an island operation, the diodes 18 , 24 can be replaced by controllable semiconductors which are then appropriately controlled by the microcontroller.
Claims (4)
gekennzeichnet durch
- - eine Drossel (8), deren eine Seite über einen ersten Halbleiter (10) mit dem einen Gleichspannungs eingang (12) und deren andere Seite über einen zweiten Halbleiter (14) mit dem anderen Gleichspannungseingang (16) verbunden ist,
- - eine zwischen der einen Seite der Drossel (8) und dem einen Wechselspannungsausgang (22) liegenden, aus einer ersten Diode (18) und einem dritten Halbleiter (20) gebildeten ersten Reihenschaltung,
- - eine zwischen der anderen Seite der Drossel (8) und dem einen Wechselspannungsausgang (22) liegende, aus einer zweiten Diode (24) und einem vierten Halb leiter (26) gebildeten zweiten Reihenschaltung, und
- - einen den Mittelpunkt der zweiten Reihenschaltung
mit einer den anderen Gleichspannungseingang (12)
direkt mit dem anderen Wechselspannungsausgang (30)
verbindende Leitung verbindenden fünften Halbleiter
(32),
wobei - - der Mikrocontroller während der einen Halbwelle den ersten Halbleiter (10) und den vierten Halbleiter (26) und während der anderen Halbwelle den dritten Halbleiter (20) und den fünften Halbleiter (32) einschaltet und
- - der Mikrocontroller während der einen Halbwelle den zweiten Halbleiter (14) gepulst schaltet und während der anderen Halbwelle den ersten und den zweiten Halb leiter (10, 14) gepulst schaltet.
marked by
- - A choke ( 8 ), one side of which is connected to the one DC voltage input ( 12 ) via a first semiconductor ( 10 ) and the other side of which is connected to the other DC voltage input ( 16 ) via a second semiconductor ( 14 ),
- a first series circuit formed between the one side of the choke ( 8 ) and the one AC voltage output ( 22 ) and formed from a first diode ( 18 ) and a third semiconductor ( 20 ),
- - One between the other side of the choke ( 8 ) and the one AC voltage output ( 22 ) lying, formed from a second diode ( 24 ) and a fourth semiconductor ( 26 ) second series circuit, and
- a fifth semiconductor ( 32 ) connecting the center of the second series circuit with a line connecting the other DC voltage input ( 12 ) directly to the other AC voltage output ( 30 ),
in which - - The microcontroller switches on the first semiconductor ( 10 ) and the fourth semiconductor ( 26 ) and during the other half-wave the third semiconductor ( 20 ) and the fifth semiconductor ( 32 ) and
- - The microcontroller switches the second semiconductor ( 14 ) in a pulsed manner during the one half-wave and switches the first and second semiconductors ( 10 , 14 ) in a pulsed manner during the other half-wave.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19642522A DE19642522C1 (en) | 1996-10-15 | 1996-10-15 | Inverter |
PCT/DE1997/002334 WO1998016994A1 (en) | 1996-10-15 | 1997-10-13 | Inverter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19642522A DE19642522C1 (en) | 1996-10-15 | 1996-10-15 | Inverter |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE19642522C1 true DE19642522C1 (en) | 1998-04-23 |
Family
ID=7808819
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19642522A Expired - Fee Related DE19642522C1 (en) | 1996-10-15 | 1996-10-15 | Inverter |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE19642522C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998016994A1 (en) |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005109614A2 (en) * | 2004-05-03 | 2005-11-17 | Siemens Ag Österreich | Method for the operation of a dc/ac converter, and arrangement for carrying out said method |
DE102004025924A1 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-22 | Siemens Ag | Solar inverter and photovoltaic system with several solar inverters |
DE102004025923A1 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-22 | Siemens Ag | Photovoltaic system for feeding into an electrical network and central control and monitoring device for a photovoltaic system |
WO2006032694A1 (en) * | 2004-09-23 | 2006-03-30 | Siemens Ag Österreich | Method for operating an inverted rectifier and arrangement for carrying out the method |
DE102006034223A1 (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2008-01-31 | Diehl Ako Stiftung & Co. Kg | photovoltaic system |
DE102007028077A1 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2008-12-24 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Device for feeding electrical energy into a power supply network and DC-DC converter for such a device |
DE102007028078A1 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2008-12-24 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Device for feeding electrical energy into a power supply network and DC-DC converter for such a device |
DE102007029767B3 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-12-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | inverter |
DE102007030577A1 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-02 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Inverter for feeding electrical energy into a power supply network |
EP2023475A1 (en) * | 2007-08-04 | 2009-02-11 | SMA Solar Technology AG | Inversion for a grounded DC source, in particular a photovoltaic generator |
EP2026457A1 (en) * | 2007-08-14 | 2009-02-18 | SMA Solar Technology AG | Inverter with two intermediate circuits |
EP2026456A1 (en) | 2007-08-14 | 2009-02-18 | SMA Solar Technology AG | Inverter |
WO2009062803A1 (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2009-05-22 | Siemens Ag Österreich | Inverter |
WO2009065678A1 (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-28 | Siemens Ag Österreich | Inverter circuit |
US7561453B2 (en) | 2004-07-12 | 2009-07-14 | Siemens Ag Osterreich | Method for operating an inverter and arrangement for executing the method |
EP2086102A2 (en) | 2002-05-15 | 2009-08-05 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Angewandten Forschung e.V. | Inverter for converting an electric direct current into an alternating current or an alternating voltage |
DE102006012164B4 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2009-12-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Circuit arrangement for generating an alternating voltage or an alternating current |
CN102035418A (en) * | 2009-10-01 | 2011-04-27 | 约翰尼斯海登海恩博士股份有限公司 | Method for operating an inverter, and an inverter |
DE102011052768A1 (en) | 2011-08-17 | 2013-02-21 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Inverters with coupled inductors |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015152745A1 (en) | 2014-04-05 | 2015-10-08 | Inov Inesc Inovação Instituto De Novas Tecnologias | Electronic energy conversion circuit, energy arrangement presenting said circuit and process of operation of said circuit |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT381813B (en) * | 1983-05-04 | 1986-12-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR DC VOLTAGE CONVERSION |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4739461A (en) * | 1985-09-06 | 1988-04-19 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Power supply device for providing positive and negative DC voltages on the secondary of a transformer |
US5057990A (en) * | 1990-05-02 | 1991-10-15 | Zdzislaw Gulczynski | Bidirectional switching power apparatus with AC or DC output |
-
1996
- 1996-10-15 DE DE19642522A patent/DE19642522C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-10-13 WO PCT/DE1997/002334 patent/WO1998016994A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT381813B (en) * | 1983-05-04 | 1986-12-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR DC VOLTAGE CONVERSION |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
US-Z.: C.M. PENALVER, u.a.: "Microprocessor Control of DC/AC Static Converters" in: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. IE-32, No.3, August 1985, S.186-191 * |
Cited By (39)
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EP2086102A2 (en) | 2002-05-15 | 2009-08-05 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Angewandten Forschung e.V. | Inverter for converting an electric direct current into an alternating current or an alternating voltage |
WO2005109614A2 (en) * | 2004-05-03 | 2005-11-17 | Siemens Ag Österreich | Method for the operation of a dc/ac converter, and arrangement for carrying out said method |
WO2005109614A3 (en) * | 2004-05-03 | 2006-01-26 | Siemens Ag Oesterreich | Method for the operation of a dc/ac converter, and arrangement for carrying out said method |
DE102004025923A1 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-22 | Siemens Ag | Photovoltaic system for feeding into an electrical network and central control and monitoring device for a photovoltaic system |
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US8315076B2 (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2012-11-20 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Circuit arrangement having a dual coil for producing an alternating voltage or an alternating current |
DE102006012164B4 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2009-12-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Circuit arrangement for generating an alternating voltage or an alternating current |
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US8023288B2 (en) | 2007-08-04 | 2011-09-20 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Inverter for grounded direct current source, more specifically for a photovoltaic generator |
EP2023475A1 (en) * | 2007-08-04 | 2009-02-11 | SMA Solar Technology AG | Inversion for a grounded DC source, in particular a photovoltaic generator |
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WO2009062803A1 (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2009-05-22 | Siemens Ag Österreich | Inverter |
WO2009065678A1 (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-28 | Siemens Ag Österreich | Inverter circuit |
CN102035418A (en) * | 2009-10-01 | 2011-04-27 | 约翰尼斯海登海恩博士股份有限公司 | Method for operating an inverter, and an inverter |
CN102035418B (en) * | 2009-10-01 | 2015-05-13 | 约翰内斯﹒海德汉博士有限公司 | Method for operating an inverter, and an inverter |
DE102011052768A1 (en) | 2011-08-17 | 2013-02-21 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Inverters with coupled inductors |
WO2013023936A1 (en) | 2011-08-17 | 2013-02-21 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Inverter with coupled inductances |
US9281755B2 (en) | 2011-08-17 | 2016-03-08 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Inverter with coupled inductances |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1998016994A1 (en) | 1998-04-23 |
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