WO2015152745A1 - Electronic energy conversion circuit, energy arrangement presenting said circuit and process of operation of said circuit - Google Patents
Electronic energy conversion circuit, energy arrangement presenting said circuit and process of operation of said circuit Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015152745A1 WO2015152745A1 PCT/PT2015/000015 PT2015000015W WO2015152745A1 WO 2015152745 A1 WO2015152745 A1 WO 2015152745A1 PT 2015000015 W PT2015000015 W PT 2015000015W WO 2015152745 A1 WO2015152745 A1 WO 2015152745A1
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- Prior art keywords
- energy
- conversion circuit
- stage
- energy conversion
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a transformerless electronic energy conversion circuit (10) that presents two stages (11, 12) adapted for increasing the nominal tension of direct current and for converting into alternating current, respectively, and a control Circuit (20) adapted so as to control both of said stages (11, 12). The present invention further discloses an energy arrangement (100) presenting an energy conversion circuit (10) and a process of operation of an energy conversion Circuit (10).
Description
DESCRIPTION
ELECTRONIC ENERGY CONVERSION CIRCUIT, ENERGY ARRANGEMENT PRESENTING SAID CIRCUIT AND PROCESS OF OPERATION OF SAID CIRCUIT
Field of the invention
The present, invention refers to the field of electronic energy conversion circuits, in particular of the transformerless inverters' type adapted for conversion of direct current and low voltage electrical energy into alternating current at a higher voltage.
The present invention further refers to an energy arrangement that presents an electronic energy conversion circuit and to a process for operation of an electronic energy conversion circuit.
Background of the invention
The prior art includes many solutions relative to electronic energy conversion circuits, in particular of the transformerless inverters type. Such circuits of the transformerless inverters type present several advantages in terms of better general efficiency of the energy arrangement in which they are comprised, of cost reduction and of reduction of the construction volume, but in the generality of the type of solutions it is necessary a relatively high input voltage.. Recently, in the case of the application of this type of inverter circuits to photovoltaic solar energy systems, there have been proposed converters to be integrated in the photovoltaic panels: thus designated module integrated converters, or AC photovoltaic modules. However, the modules available in the market present reduced values of nominal input voltage in direct current, for example 12 V - 48 C DC, which raises difficulties to the coupling with single stage inverters, in particular in the case of not being used a transformer.
Document WO 98/16994 Al discloses an inverter circuit with a single stage that presents two entries of constant voltage and two entries of alternating voltage and multiple semiconductor switches controlled by a microcontroller, whereby the circuit further presents a tension regulating device. This inverter circuit presents several
application constrains, notably constrains in the case of low voltage entries, in particular in the case of values of entry tension smaller than 200 V.
Document WO 2009/065678 Al discloses another inverter circuit that presents a similar single stage configuration and also including a tension regulating device. This inverter circuit presents similar constrains .
Document EP 2608 386 A2 discloses a single-phase inverter that presents a first stage and a second stage comprising three levels of tension. In particular, this document discloses an arrangement and specification of components of the second stage enabling a high efficiency of conversion of direct current into alternating current. This document does not disclose the main components, the intervals of applicability in terms of entry voltage values, or the type of control of the two stages.
Recently, in the case of the application of this type of inverter circuits to photovoltaic solar energy systems, there have been proposed converters integrated with the photovoltaic modules ("module integrated converters") . However, the majority of the solar energy modules available in the market presents reduced values of nominal voltage in direct current, for example 12 V - 48 V DC.
Documents US 2007047277 Al and US 2010202176 Al disclose other inverter circuits.
None of the documents in the prior art discloses a circuit of the transformerless inverter type that provides the possibility of Using values of entry tension smaller than 50 V DC in conditions of conversion reliability and efficiency.
Description of the invention
The objective of the present invention is to provide a transformerless electronic energy conversion circuit that provides an efficient and safe operation in terms of converting direct current, in particular at a. low voltage, into alternating current at a higher voltage, thereby requiring reduced production costs and providing high reliability.
The aforementioned objective is attained according to the present invention by means of an energy conversion circuit according to claim 1.
In particular, said energy conversion circuit presents a first and second stage and a control circuit adapted so that it can control
said first and second stages by means of the definition of the waveform and value of the electrical current in at least one inductor provided on said first stage and in at least one inductor provided oh said second stage. This general configuration comprising two stages and respective control arrangement enables a simpler construction and a more efficient and reliable operation of the transformerless energy conversion circuit according to the present invention.
A related objective of the present invention is to provide a transformerless energy conversion circuit comprising a first and second stage and that can be applied to a range of lower entry direct current voltage values.
According to a preferred embodiment, said first Stage is adapted so that it can supply a direct current with voltage value smaller than 150 V DC, preferentially smaller than 50 V DC.
According to a preferred embodiment, said first stage Is adapted so that it can supply electrical current to said second stage with a voltage value bigger than 50V, preferentially in the range of 90V to 150V DC.
According to another preferred embodiment, said second stage is adapted so that it can supply electrical current with a voltage value similar to the nominal voltage value of a power distribution network and/or energy consumer arranged on the exit side, including with a voltage value in the ranges of 110-120V AC and 220-240V AC.
A further related objective of the present invention is to provide a transformerless energy conversion circuit comprising a first and second stage and that can control the operation of each of said first and second stages in a more efficient and reliable manner.
According to a preferred embodiment, said control circuit is provided so that it can commute semiconductor switches by means of a high frequency modulation scheme, including high-frequency pulse width modulation.
According to another preferred embodiment, said control circuit is provided so that it can commute semiconductor switches by means of a low frequency modulation scheme of the voltage between the exits of said second stage.
According to another preferred embodiment, the maximum power point tracking is provided so that it can define the wave value and shape of the electric current on said inductor for energy transfer with conduction in continuous mode.
According to another preferred embodiment, said control circuit is adapted so that it can track the maximum power point in both of said first and second stages.
According to another preferred embodiment, said maximum power point tracking can be carried out by means of an algorithm of the hill climbing type.
According to another preferred embodiment, said control circuit presents an operation monitoring and remote communication of operation data circuit.
The energy conversion circuit according to the present invention should have application in different energy arrangements., such as for example in photovoltaic solar energy systems, in particular When said energy conversion circuit is provided in integration with respective photovoltaic modules.
A related objective of the present invention is thus to provide an energy arrangement that presents at least one electrical energy source that generates a direct current upstream, in particular at low voltage, and at least one energy device that uses alternating current at a higher voltage downstream, and that provides greater efficiency and conversion reliability Of direct current, in particular at low voltage, into alternating current at a higher voltage, in particular an energy arrangement that presents an electronic energy . conversion circuit for this purpose.
The aforementioned objective is attained according to the present invention by means of an energy arrangement according to claim 11.
In particular, the present invention discloses an energy arrangement of the type photovoltaic solar energy system that presents at least one, preferentially a plurality, of photovoltaic modules connected with at least one electronic energy conversion circuit at least one energy device, whereby said energy arrangement provides greater safety, better global energy efficiency and Smaller costs.
According to a preferred embodiment, said energy arrangement presents a plurality of energy sources, including renewable energy, means, whereby each energy source or each pair of energy sources is provided with one of said energy conversion circuit.
According to another preferred embodiment said energy arrangement presents a plurality of energy sources operationally connected to energy conversion circuits and connected in parallel.
One other related objective of the present invention is to provide a process for operation Of an electronic energy conversion circuit that is safer and more efficient in terms of energy efficiency .
The aforementioned objective is attained according to the present invention by means of a process according to claim 13.
In the scope of the present invention, the following terms and expressions are used with the following indicative meanings:
"energy sources" are any embodiments of materials, devices and functional arrangements for converting a primary energy form, including for example means for the conversion of electromagnetic radiation, in particular in the visible and infrared ranges, into electrical energy, including by means of a photovoltaic conversion effect of solar energy; "energy devices" are any embodiments of materials, devices and functional arrangements Of conduction of electrical energy, in particular in view of transmitting electrical energy between two locations in at least one level of electrical tension, and any embodiments . of materials, devices and functional arrangements of operation based upon electrical energy, in particular in view of supplying electrical energy to energy apparatuses, including energy storage means.
List of Figures
The invention shall now be described in greater detail based upon preferred embodiments thereof and the attached figures.
The Figures show:
Figure 1: detail circuit diagram of the first and second stages
(11, 12) of an embodiment of electronic energy conversion circuit (10) according to the invention;
Figure 2: detail circuit diagram of an embodiment of energy conversion circuit (10) according to the invention;
Figure 3: detail circuit diagram of an embodiment of energy conversion circuit (10) according to the invention,
including the state of the semiconductor switches during a Vac half-wave; detail circuit diagram of an embodiment of energy conversion circuit (10) according to the invention, including the state of semiconductor switches during the other Vac half-wave; detail circuit diagram of an embodiment of energy conversion circuit (10) according to the invention, including the respective control circuit (20); circuit diagram of a first embodiment of ah energy arrangement (100) according to the invention, presenting an energy conversion circuit (10) ; circuit diagram of a second embodiment of an energy arrangement (100) according to the invention; circuit diagram of a third embodiment of an energy arrangement (100) according to the invention.
DescrxBtion of embodiments of the invention
Figure 1 represents the detail circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of the first and second stages (ll, 12) or an electronic energy conversion circuit (10) according to the present invention, whereby Figure 5 further includes the schematic representation of the respective control Circuit (20), adapted for use with photovoltaic solar modules (30) as usually available in the market, that is providing direct current at low voltage, such as for example 12 V - 48 V DC.
Said energy conversion circuit (10) presents two stages (11, 12) whereby said first stage (11) comprises a plurality of circuits and components adapted so that they can increase the voltage value in direct current up to. a minimum voltage value in direct current as required by said second stage (12) that comprises a plurality of circuits and components adapted so that they can carry Out an inversion of electrical current.
In particular, according to an inventive aspect, said energy conversion circuit (10) presents a first and second stage (11, 12) and a control circuit (20) adapted so that it can control said first and second stages (11, 21) by means of the definition of the form and value of the electrical current in at least one inductor (LI) provided on said first stage (11) and in at least one inductor (L2) provided on said second stage (12) . This general configuration comprising two stages and respective control arrangement through respective inductors (LI, L2) enables a simpler construction and a more efficient and reliable operation of the transformerless energy conversion circuit (10) according to the present invention.
According to a preferred embodiment, said first stage (11) is adapted so that it can supply a direct current with voltage value smaller than 150 V DC, preferentially smaller than 50 V DC. This advantageously provides a transformerless energy conversion circuit
(10) comprising a first and second stage (11, 12) and that can be applied to a range of lower entry direct current voltage values.
According to another preferred embodiment, said first stage
(11) is adapted sb that it can supply electrical current to said second stage ,(12) with a voltage value bigger than 50V, preferentially in the range of 90V to 150V DC,
According to another preferred embodiment, said second stage
(12) is adapted so that it can supply electrical current with the nominal voltage value of a power distribution network and/or energy consumer arranged on the exit side, including with a voltage value of 110-120V AC and 220-240V AC.
Moreover, said energy conversion circuit (10) is provided with a control circuit (20) adapted so that it can track the maximum power point tracking in both of said first and second stages (11, 12) .
According to another preferred embodiment, said control circuit (20) is adapted so that it can track the maximum power point in both of said first and second stages (11, 12) .
According to another preferred embodiment, said maximum power point tracking can be carried out by means of an algorithm of the hill climbing type.
According to another preferred embodiment, said control circuit (20) presents an operation monitoring and remote communication of operation data circuit.
Figure 2 represents a detail circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of said energy conversion circuit (10) . As the expert can
recognize, said energy conversion circuit (10) presents two entries (1, 2) in direct current and at low voltage, in particular smaller than 50 V DC, two exits. (3, 4) in alternating current and a plurality of unidirectional and bidirectional switches with semiconductors controlled by an analogic microcontroller circuit {not represented in this Figure) hereinafter referred to as control circuit (20) . Said energy conversion circuit (10) further presents several semiconductor diodes, unidirectional and bidirectional semiconductor switches, and reactive components. An inductor (LI) with a first side connected to an entry (1) of constant voltage, is connected to the neutral of the alternating current (2, 4, N) by means of a first semiconductor switch (Si) and also connected by means of a diode (Dl) to the other exit of constant voltage (Vdc) . The exit of constant voltage (Vdc) is maintained by a first capacitor (CI) whose one side is connected by a second semiconductor switch (S2) to load a second inductor (L2) whose one side is connected to the neutral of the alternating current by means of a third semiconductor switch (S3) . A set of three bidirectional semiconductor switches (S4, S5, S6) is used to carry out the inversion of voltage. The inductor L2 stores energy from CI that is later provided to a second capacitor (C2) through the bidirectional semiconductor switches (S4, S5, S6) . A third inductor (L3> connects the second capacitor (C2) to the connection (3) of alternating voltage. An edge of the second inductor L2 is connected to the second capacitor so as to load the latter, by means of the fourth bidirectional semiconductor switch S4 during a time interval of half-wave and by means of a sixth bidirectional semiconductor switch S6 during the other half-wave time interval.
During a half-wave Vac (see Figure 3) the control circuit (20) closes the fourth semiconductor switch (S4) and the fifth semiconductor switch (S5), whereas during the other half-wave (see Figure 4) , the control circuit (20) closes the sixth semiconductor switch (S6) . The control circuit (20) commutes the first (SI), the second (S2) and the third (S3) semiconductor switches by means of a high-frequency pulse width modulation scheme.
The semiconductors of the switches are associations in series of diodes with MOSFET or MOSFET-iike transistors (metal-oxide field effect transistor) - in the case of the unidirectional switches - and MOSFET or MOSFET-1 ike switches in the case of the bidirectional switches .
Figure 5 represents thee energy conversion circuit (10) including the respective Control circuit (20) adapted so that it can control said first and second stages (11, 12) by means of the definition of the form and, value of the electrical current at least in the inductors for smoothing of direct current (LI) and for energy transfer (L2) provided in said first and second stages (11 12), respectively.
According to a preferred embodiment, said control circuit (20) is provided so that it cah commute semiconductor switches by means of a high frequency modulation scheme, including high-frequency pulse width modulation.
According to another preferred embodiment,, said control circuit (20) is provided so that it can commute semiconductor switches by means of a low frequency modulation scheme of the voltage between the exits of said second stage (12) .
According to another preferred embodiment, the' maximum power, point tracking is provided so that it can define the wave value and wave form of the electric current on said inductor (LI) for energy transfer with conduction in continuous mode.
Figure 6 represents a first embodiment of an energy arrangement (100) including an energy conversion circuit (10) according to the present invention. In this case there is provided an energy arrangement (100) comprising at least one energy source (30) provided in the form of a photovoltaic solar module that generates an electrical current in low voltage direct current, that is inferior to 50V DC, and at least one energy device (40) provided in the form of an energy distribution network, operating in alternating current, including with a nominal voltage of 110V AC or 230V AC. As represented, said energy arrangement (100) further presents an energy conversion circuit (10) for converting said low voltage direct current into a current voltage with a higher voltage value and in alternating current.
Figure 7 schematically represents a second embodiment of an energy arrangement (100) provided in the form of a photovoltaic solar energy system, whereby two photovoltaic solar panels (30) are connected in series to a single energy conversion circuit (10) .
Figure 8 schematically represents yet another embodiment of an energy arrangement (100) provided in the form of an photovoltaic
solar energy system, whereby a plurality of photovoltaic solar panels (30) are connected to a respective energy conversion circuit (10) and connected in parallel between each other.
Lisboa, March 31st 2015
Claims
1. Energy conversion circuit (10) for converting direct and low voltage electrical current and presenting:
a first stage (11) provided on the entry-side of said power conversion circuit (10) and presenting a plurality of circuits and components adapted so as to increase the voltage of said direct current (DC),
a second stage (12) provided on the exit-side of said power conversion circuit (10) and presenting a plurality of circuits and components adapted so as to invert the direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) ,
whereby said first stage (11) is provided so that it can supply direct current (DC) at low voltage to said second-stage (12) and said second-stage (12) is adapted so that it can supply alternating current (AC) on its exit-side,
characterized
in that said energy conversion circuit (10) presents a control circuit (20) adapted so that it can control said first and second stages (11, 12) by means of the definition of the waveform and value of the electrical current in at least one inductor (XI) provided on said first stage (11) and in at least one inductor (L2) provided on said second stage (12) .
2. Energy conversion circuit (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that said first and second stage (11, 12) present a common ground connection.
3. Energy conversion circuit (10) according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said first stage (11) presents an inductor (LI) adapted for smoothing of direct current.
4. Energy conversion circuit (10) according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said second stage (12) presents an inductor (L2) adapted for energy transfer and connected with commanded semiconductors adapted to control the current that circulates through said energy transfer inductor (L2) .
5. Energy conversion circuit (10) according to any one of previous claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said inductors for smoothing of direct current and for energy transfer (LI, L2) are connected with a capacitor (CI) and provided so that they can store electrical energy and smooth electrical current, whereby said capacitor (CI) is arranged with a terminal connected to the more negative potential.
6. Energy conversion circuit (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said second stage (12) presents a reducer-eievator ("buck-boost") topology adapted so that it can operate as a direct "buck-boost" in the positive AC half-wave and as a polarity inverting "buck-boost" in the negative AC half-wave.
7. Energy conversion circuit (10) according to any one of previous claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said second stage (12) presents two inductors (L2, L3) and one capacitor (C2) with a first terminal connected between both of said inductors (L2, L3) and a second terminal connected to one of the exit connections of said second stage (12) .
8. Energy conversion circuit (10) according to any one of previous claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said first stage (11) presents a plurality of semiconductor switches provided so that they can support a drop of tension of at least 180 V and the semiconductor switches of said second stage (12) are provided so that they can support a drop of tension of at least 525 V.
9. Energy conversion circuit (10) according to any one of previous claims, characterized in that said second stage (12) presents an additional semiconductor switch (S5) adapted to operate as freewheel of electrical energy stored in said inductor for energy transfer (L2) during the half-wave of said direct buck-boost.
10. Energy conversion circuit (10) according to any one of previous claims, characterized in that said second stage (12) presents a capacitive component (C2) adapted so that it can carry out a mismatch of currents that flow through said two inductors for energy transfer and for smoothing of alternating current (L2, L3) .
11. Energy arrangement (100) presenting at least one energy source (30) that supplies direct and low voltage electrical current and at least one energy device (40) that operates with alternating electrical current at a different voltage,
characterized
in that said energy arrangement (100) further includes an energy conversion circuit (10) according to any one of previous claims 1 to 10 arranged between at least one of said energy sources (30) and at least one of said energy devices (40) .
12. Energy arrangement (100) according to claim 11, characterized in that said energy arrangement (100) presents a plurality of energy sources (30) , including renewable energy means, whereby each energy source (30) or each pair of energy sources (30) is provided with one: said energy conversion circuit (10) .
13. Process for operation of an energy conversion circuit, in particular of an energy conversion circuit (10) according to any one of previous claims 1 to 10, comprising the following steps: arranging said energy conversion circuit (10) in an electrical circuit with the entry-side of said energy conversion circuit (10) in connection with an energy source of direct current and voltage inferior to 150 V DC, preferentially inferior to 50 V DC, and the entry-side Of said energy conversion circuit (10) in connection with an energy connection network, and/or energy device and/pr energy storage means in 220V-240V alternating current;
increasing the current voltage by means of a first stage (11) provided on the entry-side of said energy conversion circuit so as to supply a direct current with a voltage value in the interval of 50V to 250V DC, preferentially of 90V to 150V DC- inverting the current by means of a second stage (12) provided on the exit-side of said energy conversion circuit (10) so as to supply an alternating current with a voltage value in the interval of 110 to 240 V AC;
controlling both of said first and second stages (11, 12) by means of a control circuit (20) that tracks a maximum power point.
14. Process according to claim 13, characterized in that said control step includes defining the current form and value in
inductors for smoothing of direct current and for energy transfer (LI, L2), preferentially also of an inductor for smoothing of alternating current (L3) .
15. Process according to claims 13 or 14, characterized in that said control step further includes the definition of the current form and value in said inductor for smoothing alternating current (L3) so as to provide a unitary power factor.
16. Process according to claims 13 to 15, characterized in that said control step further includes the determination of which energy converting circuit operates in the direct ,xbuck-boost" mode in the positive AC half-wave,, and which operates in. the. inverted "buck-boost" in the negative AC half-wave, independently of the value of direct tension in the entries of said first stage (11) .
Process according to claims 13 to 16, characterized in that said step of arranging said energy conversion circuit (10) in said energy arrangement (100) includes the connection in parallel of an energy conversion circuit (1.0) so as to obtain a power increase by parallel connection to further energy sources with said energy conversion circuits (10) in the AC connections.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PT10757214 | 2014-04-05 | ||
| PT107572 | 2014-04-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2015152745A1 true WO2015152745A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
Family
ID=52988379
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/PT2015/000015 WO2015152745A1 (en) | 2014-04-05 | 2015-04-01 | Electronic energy conversion circuit, energy arrangement presenting said circuit and process of operation of said circuit |
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| WO (1) | WO2015152745A1 (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998016994A1 (en) | 1996-10-15 | 1998-04-23 | Dietrich Karschny | Inverter |
| WO2005109614A2 (en) * | 2004-05-03 | 2005-11-17 | Siemens Ag Österreich | Method for the operation of a dc/ac converter, and arrangement for carrying out said method |
| GB2415841A (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2006-01-04 | Enecsys Ltd | Power conditioning unit for connecting dc source to a mains utility supply |
| US20070047277A1 (en) | 2005-08-29 | 2007-03-01 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Transformerless power conversion circuit for grid-connected power generation systems |
| WO2009065678A1 (en) | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-28 | Siemens Ag Österreich | Inverter circuit |
| US20100202176A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2010-08-12 | Jalal Hallak | Method for operating an electronically controlled inverter |
| EP2608386A2 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-26 | Kohler Co. | High-Efficiency, Three-Level, Single-Phase Inverter |
-
2015
- 2015-04-01 WO PCT/PT2015/000015 patent/WO2015152745A1/en active Application Filing
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998016994A1 (en) | 1996-10-15 | 1998-04-23 | Dietrich Karschny | Inverter |
| WO2005109614A2 (en) * | 2004-05-03 | 2005-11-17 | Siemens Ag Österreich | Method for the operation of a dc/ac converter, and arrangement for carrying out said method |
| GB2415841A (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2006-01-04 | Enecsys Ltd | Power conditioning unit for connecting dc source to a mains utility supply |
| US20070047277A1 (en) | 2005-08-29 | 2007-03-01 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Transformerless power conversion circuit for grid-connected power generation systems |
| US20100202176A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2010-08-12 | Jalal Hallak | Method for operating an electronically controlled inverter |
| WO2009065678A1 (en) | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-28 | Siemens Ag Österreich | Inverter circuit |
| EP2608386A2 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-26 | Kohler Co. | High-Efficiency, Three-Level, Single-Phase Inverter |
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| Title |
|---|
| JAIN S ET AL: "A Single-Stage Grid Connected Inverter Topology for Solar PV Systems With Maximum Power Point Tracking", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, USA, vol. 22, no. 5, 1 September 2007 (2007-09-01), pages 1928 - 1940, XP011191712, ISSN: 0885-8993, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2007.904202 * |
| MYRZIK J M A ET AL: "String and module integrated inverters for single-phase grid connected photovoltaic systems - a review", CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS / 2003 IEEE BOLOGNA POWER TECH : JUNE 23 - 26, 2003, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA, BOLOGNA, ITALY, PISCATAWAY, NJ : IEEE SERVICE CENTER, US, vol. 2, 23 June 2003 (2003-06-23), pages 1 - 8, XP002523862, ISBN: 978-0-7803-7967-1 * |
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