DE102009013874B4 - Thermometers - Google Patents

Abstract

Heating fabric of weft and warp yarns, wherein a part of the weft yarns and / or warp threads of flexible soot-filled conductive cellulose fibers (3) consists and / or of flexible conductive carbon fibers and / or flexible conductive synthetic fibers based on cellulose or each with embedded electrically conductive particles that fulfill the heating function,
a further part of the weft threads and / or warp threads made of flexible synthetic fibers (2, 4), which fulfill a supporting function in the tissue and
for energizing a third part of the weft threads and / or warp threads (5, 6) consists of metal threads which are coupled to a power source,
characterized in that
the flexible soot-filled conductive cellulose fibers (3) and / or the flexible conductive carbon fibers and / or the flexible synthetic-based or cellulose-based synthetic fibers, in each case with embedded electrically conductive particles in the weft intersecting weft threads and / or warp threads of flexible synthetic fibers (2, 4) and the energy feed (5, 6) in the cellulose fibers (3) and / or the conductive carbon fibers and / or the conductive chemical fibers are partially pressed.

Description

The invention relates to an electric energy-operated heating fabric, which is applicable both for clothing and for insulation in the industrial sector and should also be usable for sensory detection of moisture.

A sheet for the electric heating of artificial turf, tarpaulins, wall and ceiling fabrics, floor coverings and carpets and pipes is from the DE 1 943 007 A known. The sheet contains an insulating layer of polyvinyl chloride flexible foam with closed pores as an insulating layer, a fabric equipped with carbon black of synthetic fibers, which is electrically conductive and at the edge of copper strands as PTC thermistors, an aluminum foil with cast polyethylene film and a cover layer of a textile or textile-like fabrics and can be heated to a temperature of 10 ° C to 60 ° C with an electrical voltage of 220 volts.

Electrically heating fabric articles are from the EP 1 021 064 B1 known. Here, there is proposed a composite fabric article comprising a fabric layer having an inner surface and an outer surface, a barrier layer positioned adjacent to the inner surface of the fabric layer, and an electric heating / warming element in the form of flexible electricity conductive film disposed on the inner surface of the cloth layer and / or disposed on a surface of the barrier layer, and configured to generate heat when connected to a power source. The outer layer of the barrier layer is secured at least adjacent, and more preferably on the inner surface of the fabric layer.

An electric heating fabric is used in the DE 03 251 059 T1 described. The woven fibrous article comprises a woven fibrous body comprising a quantity of nonconductive warp yarns and a quantity of nonconductive final or staple yarns, one of the amount of nonconductive warp yarns and the amount of nonconductive end or staple yarns in one or more a plurality of first regions comprising relatively more coarse yarns and comprising in one or more second regions relatively more fine cooking with electrically conductive elements extending generally along the second region from the woven fibrous body and attached to a plurality of spaced apart electrical conductance Connect heating elements in a parallel circuit with an electric power source, and the other amount of non-conductive warp yarns and the amount of non-conductive closing or staple yarns in the one or more first regions and in the one or more second Bere They comprise relatively more fine yarns, with the plurality of spaced-apart conductive electrical conductivity elements in the form of conductive elements bonded in the woven fibrous body with the other of the amount of nonconductive warp yarns and the amount of nonconductive final or staple yarns are to extend generally between the opposed second regions of the woven fibrous body.

The electrical guide elements can be woven or applied or applied z. As by stitching, seams, adhesives, by coating or by mechanical fastening. Also contemplated are conductive yarns comprising a core, an electrically conductive filament, and a material wrapped around the core.

A woven heating mat is from the DE 1 690 588 C2 Known in which in a carrier fabric together with the base fabric forming, consisting of an electrically insulating material weft and warp threads electrically conductive heating weft threads are woven in an inner fabric area and power supply chain threads in an outer fabric area, wherein the heating Weft threads are transferred at certain intervals in the area of the power supply chain threads and tied there under crosshairs with the latter. The heating wefts form a plurality of separate, uniform heating regions of a certain length in the direction of the warp yarns, the individual heating regions being separated by a fabric region consisting only of warp and weft yarns of an electrically insulating material, and the power supply warp yarns are not interwoven with the wefts in this tissue area, but are raised relative to the surface of the base tissue.

In the DE 198 23 495 A1 A flexible surface heating element is described which comprises a planar resistance heating element, which is supplied with current by electrodes and whose resistance mass comprises an electrically conductive polymer having a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance. On one side of the resistance heating element is an insulating layer and on the opposite side of the resistance heating element is one output from the resistance heating element Heat radiation transmitting layer arranged. The electrodes extend parallel to one another through the resistance mass in the direction of the width of the surface heating element.

The electrically heatable textile fabric after DE 2 000 194 A uses chemically metallised fibers or filaments consisting of natural or synthetic polymers or cotton as conductors. Due to the evenly distributed to all dimensions, delicate current conductor takes place even with partial destruction no power interruption, which reduces susceptibility and increased short-circuit safety. Due to the chemically metallised fibers or threads, the continuous textile character of the heatable products is retained.

A carbon black pulp fiber is known that produces uniform infrared heat in textiles with relatively low energy requirements.

Such Heizfilamente with the ingredients 50% cellulose and 50% Leitruß have z. B. the following properties: single filament 1 tex total denier 150-170 tex (finer, if desired) Fineness-based breaking strength 9-10 cN / tex (single fiber) 60-70 mN / tex (filament) strain 14-15% (single fiber) 6.5-7.5% (filament) colour deep black specific electrical 0.4-0.5 Ωcm Volume resistance to hydrothermal tempering at 130 ° C Electrical length resistance 40-55 kΩ / m after hydrothermal tempering

The operating voltage can be in the range of 12 to 230 volts.

It has been found that the heating fabrics have the following disadvantages. In curved sections, the power supply to the filaments is not flat feasible due to the parallel current-carrying conductor, at higher voltages, the isolation from electric shock is a problem and with increasing surface area, the uniformity of the heating of the total area is no longer given. Furthermore, it is necessary for fabrics with carbon fibers to stabilize them by coatings, so that the flexibility and the air and moisture permeability are lost.

The object of the invention is to remedy these deficiencies and in particular to provide a heating fabric available, which is characterized by high flexibility, if necessary, has good air and moisture permeability and ensures safe contacting of the heating filaments by the energy directing threads.

This object is achieved with the features of claim 1, advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

In the heating fabric of weft and warp threads according to the invention, it is provided that a part of the weft threads and / or warp threads consists of flexible soot-filled conductive cellulose fibers and / or of flexible conductive carbon fibers and / or of flexible synthetic-based or cellulose-based synthetic fibers, each with embedded electrically conductive Particles, whereby these fibers fulfill the heating function,
another part of the weft threads and / or warp threads consists of flexible synthetic fibers which fulfill a supporting function in the tissue and
for energizing a third part of the weft threads and / or warp threads consists of metal threads which are coupled to a power source,

and to ensure that the fabric has high flexibility and good electrical contact between the heating filaments and the energizing filaments, it is contemplated that the flexible carbon black-filled conductive cellulose fibers and / or the flexible conductive carbon fibers and / or the synthetic-based or cellulose-based flexible conductive synthetic fibers or cellulose-based weft-crossing wefts and / or warp yarns of flexible synthetic fibers having a supporting function and those for supplying energy into which cellulose fibers and / or carbon fibers and / or man-made fibers are partially pressed. This is preferably done with a circumferential portion of 50-20% of the circumference of the filaments crossing the cellulose fibers and / or the carbon fibers and / or the synthetic-based or cellulose-based flexible conductive fibers in the tissue.

Furthermore, it has been shown that it is advantageous from both the aspect of flexibility and the optimal introduction of energy, if the weft threads and / or warp threads serving for energy supply not only consist of a conductor, but are arranged as a bundle of adjacent weft threads or warp threads a bundle of 6-72 individual wires exists.

The ends of the weft threads or warp threads serving for energy supply are preferably connected in the edge region of the fabric to electrical conductors for the current supply. It has proven to be expedient under the aspect of uniformity of heat generation of the heating fabric when arranged along the fabric edge spaced feed contacts for the electrical power supply.

The contacting of the ends of the weft threads or warp threads serving for supplying energy with the current-carrying conductors can be ensured by different solutions tailored to the respective application.

Thus, it is provided in a variant that weft and warp threads are bordered in the edge region of the fabric, wherein the enclosure inwandig one or more electrical conductors, which are connected to the edges of the serving for feeding weft yarns or warp threads and when connected to the power supply he follows.

In a further embodiment, it is provided that the or one or more sections of the fabric edge are formed by means of one or more electrical conductors, wherein an electrically conductive connection is made between the ends of the weft threads or warp threads and the warp threads used for energy supply.

Instead of Ketteln also a sewing or embroidering is possible.

To ensure the required slip resistance of the fabric and / or for electrical isolation purposes (the operating voltage can also extend beyond 230 V into the machine current range), a coating or lamination of the fabric can be provided as a whole or in sections. In the low-current range, it has proven useful if the coating or lamination comprises only the area of tissue in which weft or warp threads serving for feeding energy are arranged.

• – die Leinwandbindung,
• – die Köperbindung,
• – die Atlasbindung oder
• – deren Ableitungen.

For maximum cross-linking of the thread systems in warp and weft, bonds are preferred

• - the plain weave,
• - the twill weave,
• - the satin weave or
• - their derivatives.

In particular, even with an open tissue structure, the leno bonds or the ajour binding have proven to be useful as bonds.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the fabric is designed to be double-layered. Here, weft threads should be used in one fabric layer and warp threads in the other fabric layer for energy input.

In embodiments, the heating fabric and its use will be explained in more detail. Show it

1 schematic representation of the heating fabric,

2 a crosshairs with a cellulose fiber,

3 intersecting bundles of energy feeds,

4 the application with a glove and

5 a pipe insulation.

1 shows a schematic representation of the heating fabric 1 with weft threads 2 and warp threads 4 made of synthetic fibers. In the heating fabric 1 are in this embodiment as filaments soot-filled cellulose fibers 3 arranged as weft threads.

The number of shots (the filaments) thus provides an indication of how much conductive fibers are woven into the fabric, and thus can be the basis for the interpretation of the heat output of the fabric.

It is also shown that for energy supply warp threads 5.1 - 5.4 are provided. These warp threads 5.1 - 5.4 are arranged as a bundle of adjacent warp threads, wherein a bundle here consists of 4 individual wires that a strand-shaped conductor 7 come from, which is connected to a power source for the power supply. Analogously, the second bundle is with the current-carrying conductor 8th arranged and trained.

In a detailed view shows 2 in that, the flexible soot-filled conductive cellulosic fibers 3 In the fabric crossing threads / fibers, in particular the warp threads 5.1 - 5.4 for energy input, in the cellulose fibers 3 partially indented. The impressions in the cellulose fibers 3 comprises a peripheral portion of 50 - 20% of the circumference of the warp threads 5.1 - 5.4 containing the cellulose fibers 3 cross.

In 3 In the case of intersecting bundles of weft threads and warp yarns of different polarity serving for energy supply, it is shown that one bundle jumps over the other bundle in the fabric by an insulating layer being arranged between the crossing surfaces.

This principle is also used in double-layered fabrics, with weft threads in a double-layered fabric in a fabric layer 6.1-n and in the other fabric layer warp threads 5.1 n used for energy supply.

In 4 is the application of the heating fabric 1 shown in a glove, wherein the energy supply via the arranged in the outer finger area fabric edges by means of gekettelter electrical conductor 7 . 8th or facing 9 ,

The possibilities of connecting the ends of the energy supply serving weft or warp strands to an electrical conductor is effected by a mount 9 or by linked ladder 7 . 8th , This is shown in the detail views, which are used alternatively. It is also possible that the connection of the ends of the energy supply serving weft or warp strands to an electrical conductor by sewing or embroidery takes place.

5 shows in (a) as the prior art a linearly arranged heating cable 11 for Rohrbegleitheizung and in (b) an inventive heating fabric 1 ,

Consequences of the linear, belonging to the prior art, pipe heating (a) are "cold" and "warm" pipe halves and thus an undefined heat distribution, condensation and unilateral heat radiation.

Due to the full-surface coating of the pipe surface (b) with the proposed heating fabric ( 1 ) a homogeneous heat distribution is achieved, the pipe cross-section is fully heated, condensation cores are avoided and it is a drying of moisture at temperature below guaranteed. The necessary energy requirement is reduced compared to a linear heating cable arrangement when using the Heizgewebes 1 up to 1/10.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Thermometers

2

Weft threads of synthetic fibers

3

Weft threads of carbon black filled cellulose fibers

4

Warp threads of synthetic fibers

5.1 n

Bundles of warp yarns for energy input

6.1-n

Bundles of weft yarns for energy input

7

electrical conductor

8th

electrical conductor

9

mount

10

Coating / insulating layer

11

Heating cable (prior art)

Claims (11)

Heating fabric of weft and warp threads, wherein a part of the weft threads and / or warp threads of flexible carbon black-filled conductive fibers ( 3 ) and / or of flexible conductive carbon fibers and / or of flexible synthetic-based or cellulose-based synthetic fibers, each with incorporated electrically conductive particles which fulfill the heating function, another part of the weft threads and / or warp threads of flexible synthetic fibers ( 2 . 4 ), which fulfill a supporting function in the fabric and for energy supply a third part of the weft threads and / or warp threads ( 5 . 6 ) consists of metal filaments coupled to a power source, characterized in that the flexible carbon black-filled conductive cellulose fibers ( 3 ) and / or the flexible conductive carbon fibers and / or the flexible synthetic-based or cellulose-based synthetic fibers, in each case with weft threads and / or warp threads of flexible synthetic fibers crossing in the fabric with embedded electrically conductive particles ( 2 . 4 ) and the energy feed ( 5 . 6 ) into the cellulose fibers ( 3 ) and / or the conductive carbon fibers and / or the conductive chemical fibers are partially pressed. Heating fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the impressions into the cellulose fibers ( 3 ) and / or the conductive carbon fibers and / or the conductive chemical fibers has a circumferential portion of 50-20% of the circumference of the fibers / filaments (US Pat. 4 . 5 ) containing the cellulose fibers ( 3 ) and / or crossing the conductive carbon fibers and / or the conductive chemical fibers. Heating fabric according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the weft threads and / or warp threads serving for energy supply ( 5 . 6 ) as a bundle ( 5.1 n . 6.1-n ) juxtaposed weft threads or warp threads are arranged, wherein a bundle ( 5.1 n or 6.1-n ) consists of preferably 6-72 individual wires. Heating fabric according to claim 3, characterized in that in intersecting bundles ( 5.1 n . 6.1-n ) of weft threads and warp yarns of different polarity serving for energy supply, a bundle skips over the other bundle in the fabric by forming an insulating layer ( 10 ) is arranged between the crossing surfaces. Heating fabric according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that spaced apart along the fabric edge feeder contacts for the electrical power supply are arranged. Heating fabric according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that weft and warp threads ( 2 - 6 ) are bordered in the edge region of the fabric, wherein the enclosure ( 9 ) inwandig one or more electrical conductors ( 7 . 8th ), which when bordered with the ends of the weft threads or warp threads ( 5.1 n . 6.1-n ) are connected and via which the power supply takes place. Heating fabric according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the or one or more sections of the fabric edge by means of one or more electrical conductors ( 7 . 8th ), wherein an electrically conductive connection is produced between the ends of the weft threads or warp threads and / or the warp threads serving for energy supply. Heating fabric according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the or one or more sections of the fabric edge by means of one or more electrical conductors ( 7 . 8th ) are sewn or embroidered, wherein between the ends of the weft yarns or warp threads serving for the energy supply and the or the sewing or embroidery threads or an electrically conductive connection is made. Heating fabric according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that for maximum cross-linking of the thread systems in warp and weft are preferably used as bindings - plain weave, - twill weave, - satin weave or - their derivatives. Heating fabric according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that are used to ensure the required slip resistance and air permeability of the fabric even with an open fabric structure as bindings the leno weave or the Ajourbindung. Heating fabric according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the fabric is executed double-layered, wherein in a fabric layer weft threads ( 6.1-n ) and in the other fabric layer warp threads ( 5.1 n ) are used for energy supply.

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