CN113642211A - Composite material energy absorption box with negative Poisson's ratio structure and design method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy absorption box with a composite material negative Poisson's ratio structure and a design method thereof.A metal negative Poisson's ratio structure is compounded with a non-metal matrix material and filled in a box body of the energy absorption box; the finite element analysis of the whole energy absorption box and an inner core of the energy absorption box is carried out by establishing an adaptive parametric model of the composite material negative Poisson ratio structure energy absorption box, changing the porosity of a base material and the thickness of the negative Poisson ratio structure, sampling a design variable by using an optimal Latin hypercube sampling technology, establishing an approximate model between the design variable and an optimization target by using a dual response method, and carrying out multi-objective optimization design by using a second-generation non-dominated genetic sorting genetic algorithm to obtain the high-robustness energy absorption box, so that the specific energy absorption of the energy absorption box is improved, the peak collision impact force of the energy absorption box is reduced, and the passive safety performance of the front collision of the automobile is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile safety, in particular to a composite material energy absorption box with a negative Poisson's ratio structure and a design method thereof.
Background
As the energy absorbing portion, the crash box is generally mounted between and connected to a front beam of a front bumper and a side beam of a vehicle body. In a vehicle collision accident, on one hand, the energy absorption box can absorb the collision energy of the front part of an automobile bumper and a front beam, and the energy is absorbed in ways of collapse, deformation and the like, so that the damage of the collision to the front part of a vehicle body is reduced; on the other hand, as a mechanical part, the crash box can transmit the collision force from the front to the side member of the vehicle body structure, thereby dispersing the concentrated force and improving the passive safety performance of the vehicle.
Due to unreasonable design and limitations of conventional materials, the conventional crash boxes are insufficient in energy absorption and transfer when encountering frontal collision of automobiles, and cannot achieve maximum energy absorption. Under the condition that the traditional material can not meet the requirements of the current industry on the properties of material strength, rigidity and the like, along with the rise of high and new technologies, a new material (composite material) formed by optimally combining material components with different properties appears. Compared with a single material, the composite material has excellent performance in various aspects such as specific strength, specific rigidity and the like, so that research and development of the composite material are closely concerned by various industries, and the composite material is applied to various industries.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention discloses an energy absorption box with a composite material negative Poisson's ratio structure and a design method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a combined material negative poisson ratio structure energy-absorbing box which characterized in that: the energy absorption box comprises a front mounting plate, a negative Poisson ratio structure filling inner core, an energy absorption box body and a rear mounting plate, wherein two ends of the energy absorption box body are respectively connected with the front mounting plate and the rear mounting plate and are integrally arranged between a front bumper and a rear bumper of a vehicle body and a gap between a crossbeam in the vehicle; the box body of the energy absorption box is filled with an inner core with a negative Poisson ratio structure.
Preferably, the negative Poisson ratio structure filling inner core is formed by compounding an aluminum alloy negative Poisson ratio structure serving as a supporting structure and polyurethane serving as a base material, and the base material completely wraps the supporting structure and is attached to the inner wall of the box body of the energy absorption box.
Preferably, the negative poisson ratio structure is formed by stacking double-arrow-shaped cells, each double-arrow-shaped cell comprises a long-cell-wall beam, two long-cell walls, a short-cell-wall beam and two short-cell walls, two ends of each long-cell-wall beam are connected with the two long-cell walls to form a trapezoid structure, two ends of each short-cell-wall beam are connected with the two short-cell walls to form another trapezoid structure, the two trapezoid structures are connected to form the double-arrow-shaped cell, the long-cell-wall beams are parallel to the short-cell-wall beams, and the double-arrow-shaped cells are symmetrical about a central axis.
Preferably, the stacking mode is that the upper cell wall and the lower cell wall of a plurality of three-dimensional double-arrow-head type unit cells are connected, the unit structures are formed by arraying the unit structures, and the whole negative Poisson ratio structure is formed by arraying the unit structures along the axial direction of the energy absorption box.
Preferably, the energy absorption box body is formed by stamping an aluminum alloy plate; the front mounting plate and the rear mounting plate are formed by superposing aluminum alloys.
The invention also discloses a design method of the composite material energy absorption box with the negative Poisson ratio structure, which comprises the following steps:
step one, based on the idea of composite materials, taking a negative Poisson ratio structure as a support structure of a base material, and setting the density of an initial polyurethane base material and the size parameters of a double-arrow type negative Poisson ratio structure based on the size parameters of a box body of an energy absorption box;
step two, taking the thickness of the energy absorption box body, the relative density of the polyurethane matrix material and the thickness of the negative Poisson ratio structure as design variables, and establishing a finite element model of the composite Poisson ratio energy absorption box by combining the parameters in the step one;
sampling design variables by using an optimal Latin hypercube sampling method, and establishing an approximate model between the design variables and an optimization target by using a double response surface method;
step four, verifying the approximate model, entering step five if the approximate model is qualified, and returning to step three if the approximate model is not qualified;
and fifthly, performing multi-objective optimization design by applying a second generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, and calculating by using the multi-objective optimization algorithm and taking the energy absorption box ratio energy absorption and the average collision force as optimization targets.
Preferably, the specific method of the third step is as follows: step 3.1, generating sample points for the selected design variables by applying an optimal Latin hypercube method, namely performing randomness layering and data dereferencing on each involved design variable, namely simply a sampling method which is more random and the obtained sample points are distributed more widely; step 3.2, simulating by using finite element software according to the generated sample points to obtain an optimized target value corresponding to each sample point, wherein one sample point refers to a sample consisting of a plurality of design variable values, and the corresponding optimized target is the value of the optimized target solved by the finite element model under the design variable values; and 3.3, establishing an approximate model between the design variables and the optimization target by using a double-response-surface method. The response surface model is the most common and most common approximation model, belonging to a low-order polynomial model. Using Isight software, one to three order response surface models and four order polynomial response surface models can be constructed respectively.
Preferably, the specific method of the step four is as follows: after the approximate model is established, the precision of the approximate model needs to be verified, if the precision of the response surface model does not meet the requirement, the step three is returned to, a new sample point is generated again, and the approximate model is adjusted; and if the accuracy requirement is met, carrying out the next step.
Preferably, the specific method of the step five is as follows: s5.1, based on specific energy absorption and average collision force of the whole energy absorption box system as optimization targets, and with the box body thickness of the energy absorption box, the relative density of a polyurethane matrix material and the thickness of a negative Poisson ratio structure as design variables, establishing a multi-objective optimization model of the composite material negative Poisson ratio structure energy absorption box; s5.2, searching a Pareto solution set of the design parameters of the energy absorption box with the composite material negative Poisson ratio structure by utilizing a second-generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm; and S5.3, selecting an optimal design solution of the composite material negative Poisson ratio structure energy absorption box according to the weights of different optimization targets.
Has the advantages that:
(1) based on the principle of composite materials in material manufacturing, polyurethane foam is used as a base material, a negative Poisson's ratio structure is used as a supporting structure, and the two materials are compounded and arranged in an automobile energy absorption box. The total energy absorption and specific energy absorption of the whole energy absorption box are obviously improved, and meanwhile, the peak collision force in the collision process is also greatly reduced;
(2) the energy absorption box design method disclosed by the invention optimizes all design variables to reach optimal values through a multi-objective optimization method, so that the maximum energy absorption capacity and the average impact force of the energy absorption box are optimal, and the problem that the traditional energy absorption box cannot achieve effective energy absorption maximization is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a composite negative Poisson's ratio structural energy absorption box according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a double-arrow negative Poisson's ratio structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3(a) is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of a double-arrow negative Poisson's ratio structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3(b) is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a double-arrow negative Poisson's ratio structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3(c) is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an arrayed double-arrow negative Poisson's ratio structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a design of a composite negative Poisson's ratio structural energy absorption box according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a parameterized model of a double-arrow negative Poisson's ratio cell structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals: the energy absorption box comprises a front mounting plate 1, a composite material negative Poisson ratio structure filling inner core 2, an energy absorption box body 3 and a rear mounting plate 4.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses a method for making an automobile have better impact energy absorption performance in low-speed frontal collision by compounding a metal negative Poisson's ratio structure and a non-metal matrix material, filling the metal negative Poisson's ratio structure and the non-metal matrix material in an energy absorption box, and designing the form, the proportion and the distribution of the components of the composite material.
As shown in figure 1, the invention discloses a composite material energy absorption box with a negative Poisson ratio structure, which comprises a front mounting plate 1, a negative Poisson ratio structure filling inner core 2, an energy absorption box body 3 and a rear mounting plate 4. The two ends of the energy absorption box body 3 are respectively connected with the front mounting plate 1 and the rear mounting plate 4 and are integrally arranged between the front bumper and the rear bumper of the vehicle body and a gap between the front bumper and the rear bumper of the vehicle body and a crossbeam in the vehicle; the box body 3 of the energy absorption box is filled with the inner core 2 with a negative Poisson ratio structure. The negative Poisson ratio structure filling inner core 2 is formed by compounding an aluminum alloy negative Poisson ratio structure as a supporting structure and polyurethane as a base material. The polyurethane foam has the excellent characteristics of high specific strength, strong impact resistance and corrosion resistance, as shown in figure 2, the negative Poisson ratio structure is formed by stacking double-arrow-shaped cells, the cell structures are connected end to end, namely the upper cell wall and the lower cell wall are connected and stacked to form a unit structure, and the unit structure is arranged in an array along the axial direction of the energy absorption box on the basis, so that the inner core structure of the energy absorption box has better explosion energy absorption performance. The base material completely wraps the supporting structure and is attached to the inner wall of the box body 3 of the energy absorption box, so that the performance of the material is perfectly exerted. The placing mode can obviously improve the total energy absorption capacity and specific energy absorption capacity of the whole energy absorption box, and simultaneously greatly reduces the peak collision force in the collision process. The preferred aluminum alloy plate punching press of energy-absorbing box body 3 forms, and the preferred aluminum alloy stack of preceding mounting panel 1 and back mounting panel 4 forms.
The integral model after the double-arrow negative Poisson ratio structure three-dimension has stronger axial impact resistance. The double-arrow-shaped single-cell two-dimensional structure model is shown in fig. 3(a), and is formed by connecting two trapezoids through a connecting seat; after the three-dimensional processing is performed on the model, the three-dimensional part is as shown in fig. 3 (b); this model is subjected to an array process, and an array component structure model is shown in fig. 3 (c). Because the double-arrow negative Poisson ratio structure can be approximately seen as a combination of two groups of incomplete trapezoidal designs, when a load is applied to the two-dimensional structure in the longitudinal direction, the trapezoidal structure at the front layer transmits force to two ends of the trapezoidal structure at the rear layer; the longitudinal force of the rear layer is also transmitted to the two ends of the structure by the transmission of the trapezoidal structure of the rear layer. So far, the two-dimensional structure all conducts the action load to the rear layer structure under the action of the force in the longitudinal two directions, so that the structure is expanded in the transverse direction. Meanwhile, due to the model selection of the structural material, the integral two-dimensional structure does not show great shrinkage in the longitudinal direction, and the stretching, contraction and expansion characteristics of the negative Poisson ratio structure are realized. The three-dimensional double-arrow structure is similar to a two-dimensional structure in performance, and has more excellent mechanical properties under a stress load compared with the two-dimensional structure.
The invention also discloses a design method of the composite material energy absorption box with the negative Poisson's ratio structure,
step one, based on the idea of composite materials, taking a negative Poisson ratio structure as a support structure of a base material, and setting the density of an initial polyurethane base material and the size parameters of a double-arrow type negative Poisson ratio structure based on the size parameters of a box body of the energy absorption box.
As shown in fig. 5, the parameterized model of the double-arrow negative poisson ratio unit cell structure has seven parameters in total for the overall configuration of the unit cell microstructure, which are: the cell wall structure comprises a short cell wall thickness T1, a long cell wall thickness T2, a short cell wall length L1, a long cell wall length L2, an included angle beta between the long cell wall and the vertical direction, an included angle alpha between the short cell wall and the vertical direction, and a length of a horizontal wall between the short cell walls is N.
Initial polyurethane foam density was set at 0.07g/cm3，Double arrow headThe negative poisson's ratio cell parameter settings are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 basic cell Structure parameters
And step two, establishing a finite element model of the composite material negative Poisson ratio structure energy absorption box. Firstly, the thickness of the energy absorption box body, the relative density of a polyurethane matrix material and the thickness of a negative Poisson ratio structure are taken as design variables, a finite element model of the negative Poisson ratio structure is established by combining the parameters in the first step, and the thickness of a double-arrow-shaped cellular structure, the included angle between cell walls and the width of the cell walls are taken as the design variables of the whole optimization process. And then establishing a parameterized model of the polyurethane material, ensuring that the polyurethane wraps the whole negative Poisson ratio structure, and simultaneously enabling the composite material structure to be completely attached to the inner wall of the energy absorption box.
And thirdly, sampling design variables by using an optimal Latin hypercube sampling technology, namely performing randomness layering and data dereferencing on each design variable involved. The method is a sampling method which is more random and has wider distribution of obtained sample points, and utilizes a double response method, takes an approximate function type as a response surface model, and adopts a quadratic polynomial as a function technology to establish an approximate model between a design variable and an optimization target.
Putting the sample points into an inner matrix for storing design variables, wherein the number of the sample points is 100; putting 4 noise sample points into an outer matrix for storing the noise sample points, thereby forming a new sample point matrix by a cross method; multiplying the number of the sample points of the inner matrix and the outer matrix to obtain 400 new sample points; an approximate model between the design variables and the optimization objective can then be built.
The approximate model is established by selecting a quadratic polynomial response surface model:
wherein, yμAnd
mean values of true response values and response surface values, yσAnd
respectively, the mean value of the standard deviation of the true response value and the standard deviation of the response surface value, epsilonμIs the error between the true response value and the response surface value, εσError between the standard deviation of the true response value and the standard deviation of the response surface value; b0、c0Is a undetermined constant, be、ceIs a primary undetermined coefficient, bee、ceeIs the quadratic co-undetermined coefficient, bef、cefIs the quadratic undetermined coefficient, xexfTo design the variable values, e and f are 1,2, 3 … n, and the values of both are obtained by the least square method.
Step four, after the approximate model is established, the precision of the approximate model needs to be verified, and generally three methods are adopted: the square correlation coefficient method, the maximum absolute error method, and the mean absolute error method. The calculation formulas of the three methods are as follows:
the calculation formulas (1), (2) and (3) respectively correspond to a square correlation coefficient method, an average absolute deviation method and a relative maximum absolute deviation method, R2RAAE and RMAE correspond to the three methods respectively.
Wherein q is the number of sample points,
for response surface model prediction, yiAs a true response value, the true response value is obtained by finite element analysis,
is the true response value yiI is 1,2, … q. If the precision of the response surface model does not meet the requirement, returning to the step three to regenerate a new sample point and adjusting the approximate model. And if the accuracy requirement is met, carrying out the next step.
Through calculation, the target value of the square coefficient of the response surface model of the optimized target vibration transfer function is 1, the target value of the average absolute deviation coefficient is 0.028, and the target value of the relative maximum absolute error coefficient is 0.05. According to the evaluation method, whether the precision of the established response surface model meets the requirement or not is measured. According to the definition of the evaluation method, the established response surface model meets the precision and can be used for the next optimization.
And fifthly, performing multi-objective robustness optimization on the composite material negative Poisson's ratio structure energy absorption box by using a common optimization method, namely a second-generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. And performing multi-target optimization on the composite material energy absorption box with the negative Poisson ratio structure by applying a second-generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, wherein the multi-target optimization comprises the wall thickness of the energy absorption box, the thickness of the negative Poisson ratio structure, the density of polyurethane and the like. And solving the optimal solution of the design variable according to the selected optimization target. Through calculation, when the wall thickness of the energy absorption box is 0.85mm, the thickness of the negative Poisson ratio structure is 0.79mm, and the density of polyurethane is 0.08g/cm3, the optimal solution for balancing several evaluation indexes can be found. And the energy absorption box can reach the optimal specific energy absorption value and the average impact force value in low-speed collision, thereby further improving the performance of the energy absorption box in the passive safety of the automobile.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a combined material negative poisson ratio structure energy-absorbing box which characterized in that: the energy absorption box comprises a front mounting plate (1), a negative Poisson ratio structure filling inner core (2), an energy absorption box body (3) and a rear mounting plate (4), wherein two ends of the energy absorption box body (3) are respectively connected with the front mounting plate (1) and the rear mounting plate (4) and are integrally arranged between a front bumper and a rear bumper of a vehicle body and a gap between a crossbeam in the vehicle; the energy absorption box body (3) is internally filled with a negative Poisson ratio structure filling inner core (2).
2. The composite negative poisson's ratio structural energy absorption box of claim 1, wherein: the negative Poisson ratio structure filling inner core (2) is formed by compounding an aluminum alloy negative Poisson ratio structure serving as a supporting structure and polyurethane serving as a base material, wherein the base material completely wraps the supporting structure and is attached to the inner wall of the energy absorption box body (3).
3. The composite negative poisson's ratio structural energy absorption box of claim 2, wherein: the negative Poisson ratio structure is formed by stacking double-arrow-shaped cells, each double-arrow-shaped cell comprises a long cell wall cross beam, two long cell walls, a short cell wall cross beam and two short cell walls, the long cell wall cross beam is connected with the two long cell walls to form a trapezoid structure, the short cell wall cross beam is connected with the two short cell walls to form another trapezoid structure, the two trapezoid structures are connected through a connecting seat to form the double-arrow-shaped cell, the long cell wall cross beams are parallel to the short cell wall cross beams, and the double-arrow-shaped cells are symmetrical about a central axis.
4. The composite negative poisson's ratio structural energy absorption box of claim 3, wherein: the stacking mode is that the upper cell wall and the lower cell wall of a plurality of double-arrow-shaped cells are connected, the double-arrow-shaped cells are arrayed to form a unit structure, and then the whole negative Poisson ratio structure is formed by the axial array of the energy absorption box body (3).
5. The composite negative Poisson's ratio structural energy absorption box of claim 4, wherein: the energy absorption box body (3) is formed by stamping an aluminum alloy plate; the front mounting plate (1) and the rear mounting plate (4) are formed by superposing aluminum alloys.
6. The design method of the composite material negative Poisson's ratio structure energy absorption box according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, based on the idea of composite materials, taking a negative Poisson ratio structure as a support structure of a base material, and setting the density of an initial polyurethane base material and the size parameters of a double-arrow type negative Poisson ratio structure based on the size parameters of a box body of an energy absorption box;
step two, taking the thickness of the energy absorption box body, the relative density of the polyurethane matrix material and the thickness of the negative Poisson ratio structure as design variables, and establishing a finite element model of the composite Poisson ratio energy absorption box by combining the parameters in the step one;
sampling design variables by using an optimal Latin hypercube sampling method, and establishing an approximate model between the design variables and an optimization target by using a double response surface method;
step four, verifying the approximate model, entering step five if the approximate model is qualified, and returning to step three if the approximate model is not qualified;
and fifthly, performing multi-objective optimization design by applying a second generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, and calculating by using the multi-objective optimization algorithm and taking the energy absorption box ratio energy absorption and the average collision force as optimization targets.
7. The design method of the composite material negative Poisson's ratio structure energy absorption box according to claim 5, characterized in that: the third step is specifically as follows:
step 3.1, generating sample points for the selected design variables by applying an optimal Latin hypercube sampling method;
step 3.2, simulating by using finite element software according to the generated sample points to obtain an optimized target value corresponding to each sample point;
and 3.3, establishing an approximate model between the design variables and the optimization target by using a double-response-surface method.
8. The design method of the composite material negative Poisson's ratio structure energy absorption box according to claim 5, characterized in that: the concrete method of the fourth step is as follows: after the approximate model is established, the precision of the approximate model needs to be verified, if the precision of the response surface model does not meet the requirement, the step three is returned to, a new sample point is generated again, and the approximate model is adjusted; and if the accuracy requirement is met, carrying out the next step.
9. The design method of the composite material negative Poisson's ratio structure energy absorption box according to claim 5, characterized in that: the concrete method of the fifth step is as follows:
s5.1, based on specific energy absorption and average collision force of the whole energy absorption box system as optimization targets, and with the box body thickness of the energy absorption box, the relative density of a polyurethane matrix material and the thickness of a negative Poisson ratio structure as design variables, establishing a multi-objective optimization model of the composite material negative Poisson ratio structure energy absorption box;
s5.2, searching a Pareto solution set of the design parameters of the energy absorption box with the composite material negative Poisson ratio structure by utilizing a second-generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm;
and S5.3, selecting an optimal design solution of the composite material negative Poisson ratio structure energy absorption box according to the weights of different optimization targets.
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| CN114832359A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-08-02 | 大连理工大学 | Negative Poisson ratio skiing sport protector suitable for two seasons of summer and winter under multiple scenes |
| CN115422663A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-12-02 | 中南大学 | Automobile multi-cell structure energy absorption box design method and system based on two-stage evolution optimization |
| CN115596793A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2023-01-13 | 武汉科技大学（Cn） | Negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb metamaterial with multi-step deformation effect |
| CN115610360A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2023-01-17 | 广州大学 | Energy absorption box with negative Poisson ratio property and paper folding structure |
| CN115596793B (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2024-05-17 | 武汉科技大学 | Negative poisson ratio honeycomb metamaterial with multi-step deformation effect |
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