CN113640686A - Fault self-diagnosis device and method - Google Patents

Fault self-diagnosis device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113640686A
CN113640686A CN202110782796.0A CN202110782796A CN113640686A CN 113640686 A CN113640686 A CN 113640686A CN 202110782796 A CN202110782796 A CN 202110782796A CN 113640686 A CN113640686 A CN 113640686A
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voltage
switch
abnormal
loop
acquisition
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CN113640686B (en
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王浩
郑益
夏晨强
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Hangzhou Gold Electronic Equipment Co Ltd
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Hangzhou Gold Electronic Equipment Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a fault self-diagnosis circuit device and a fault self-diagnosis method in a single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit mode. A single battery voltage acquisition loop is connected in parallel between the positive end and the negative end of each single battery and the connection equalizing resistance respectively; the first and the last single batteries are connected to form a battery pack end acquisition voltage loop, and the first and the last single batteries are connected to form a battery pack end acquisition voltage loop and are respectively connected in series with an alternative acquisition voltage loop control switch; the first equalizing resistor and the last equalizing resistor are respectively connected in series with an alternative acquisition voltage loop control switch and the first single battery voltage acquisition loop and the last single battery voltage acquisition loop; therefore, the positioning of abnormal positions such as resistance abnormality, equalization switch abnormality and the like in the single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit is realized.

Description

Fault self-diagnosis device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fault self-diagnosis method in a single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit mode, in particular to a single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit adopted in a battery management system and a fault self-diagnosis method and device in the single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit mode.
Background
In electric vehicles, energy storage power stations and the like in the new energy field, a large number of batteries are used after being grouped, and due to the consistency of the batteries, a battery management system matched with a battery pack at present mostly has a balancing function, and generally has passive balancing or active balancing, wherein the passive balancing generally adopts a mode of consuming energy by controlling a resistor through a switch. Furthermore, due to cost factors, the battery management system adopts a single-wire design in the voltage acquisition circuit.
When the balance switch is abnormal, the single batteries are always balanced or cannot be started to be balanced under the condition that the switch is normally closed or normally opened; normally closed conditions also result in errors in the single line voltage acquisition. Therefore, the condition that the balance switch is normally closed or normally open due to abnormality of the balance switch and the abnormal acquisition of the single-wire system voltage caused by abnormal resistance need to be judged, the abnormal position of the single-wire system voltage is further positioned, and guidance is provided for fault judgment, equipment maintenance and follow-up design.
However, the conventional battery management system has no related further abnormal positioning mode, and a fault self-diagnosis method in a single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit mode needs to be provided to specifically position abnormal positions such as resistance abnormality and equalization switch abnormality existing in the single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fault self-diagnosis device based on a single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit; another object of the present invention is to provide a method for fault self-diagnosis in a single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit mode.
A self-diagnosis circuit device for faults in a single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit mode comprises: the device is specifically constructed in a way that the positive end and the negative end of each single battery are respectively connected with one equalizing resistor, the equalizing resistors connected with two adjacent single batteries are one, an equalizing control switch is connected between the equalizing resistors respectively connected with the positive end and the negative end of each single battery, a single battery voltage acquisition loop is connected in parallel between the equalizing resistors respectively connected with the positive end and the negative end of each single battery, and the first single battery and the last single battery are connected to form a battery pack end acquisition voltage loop;
the first single battery and the last single battery are connected to form a battery pack end acquisition voltage loop, and are respectively connected with an alternative acquisition voltage loop control switch Q11 and a candidate acquisition voltage loop control switch Q22 in series, the first equalizing resistor and the last equalizing resistor are respectively connected with an alternative acquisition voltage loop control switch Q12 in series, and the Q21 is connected with the first single battery and the last single battery voltage acquisition loop in series;
at ordinary times, the Q11 switch is closed at the a end of the switch, the Q22 switch is closed at the b end of the switch, and a first circuit for collecting voltage at the battery pack end is formed; the Q12 switch is closed at the b end to form a first circuit for collecting the voltage of the first single battery of the battery pack; the Q21 switch is closed at the a end of the switch to form a first loop for collecting the voltage of the first single battery at the end of the battery pack; wherein, Q11 and Q12 can not be at the same end of the switch at the same time, and Q21 and Q22 can not be at the same end of the switch at the same time;
the Q11 switch is closed at the b end of the switch, the Q12 switch is closed at the a end of the switch, and a second circuit for collecting the voltage of the first alternative single battery of the battery pack can be formed;
the Q22 switch is closed at the a end of the switch, the Q21 switch is closed at the b end of the switch, and a second voltage acquisition loop of the alternative end single battery of the battery pack can be formed;
the Q12 switch is closed at the a end of the switch, and the Q21 switch is closed at the b end of the switch, so that a second loop for collecting voltage at the end of the alternative battery pack is formed; the Q12 switch is closed at the a end of the switch, and the Q22 switch is closed at the b end of the switch, so that a third loop for collecting voltage at the end of the alternative battery pack is formed; the Q11 switch is closed at its a terminal and the Q21 switch is closed at its b terminal, forming a fourth loop for collecting voltage at the alternate battery pack terminal.
Preferably, the passive equalization control switch K is a MOS transistor. (PMOS e.g. infineon brand BSS308 PE)
Preferably, the alternative acquisition voltage loop control switch is a relay (optocoupler relay AQV258HAX C88/matsushita) or a triode device.
Preferably, the equalizing resistance is selected to be 10 ohms; packaging with 1206 is used.
A fault self-diagnosis method in a single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit mode comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: and when the voltage collection of the single battery is abnormal, starting the positioning judgment of the abnormal resistor position.
Step 1.1: when the voltage collection of the single discontinuous single battery is abnormal, judging that the resistance at the initial position is abnormal according to the initial sequence number of the abnormal single battery.
Step 1.2: when the voltage acquisition of two continuous single batteries is abnormal, and when the abnormal single batteries have first and last serial numbers, judging the abnormal positions of the connection resistance of the first and last single batteries by adopting a first and last single battery voltage acquisition second loop, a battery pack group end voltage acquisition third loop and a battery pack group end voltage acquisition fourth loop; when the abnormal single batteries do not have the first serial number and the last serial number, the abnormal positions of the resistors are the intermediate resistors of two continuous abnormal single batteries.
Step 1.3: when the voltage acquisition of three continuous single batteries is abnormal and the abnormal single batteries have the first and last serial numbers, judging the abnormal positions of the connected resistors of the first and last single batteries by adopting a first and last single battery voltage acquisition second loop, a battery pack group end voltage acquisition third loop and a battery pack group end voltage acquisition fourth loop; when the abnormal single batteries do not have the first and last serial numbers, the abnormal positions of the resistors are two resistors in the middle of three continuous abnormal single batteries.
Step 1.4: when the voltage collection of more than three continuous single batteries is abnormal and the abnormal single batteries have the first and last serial numbers, judging the abnormal positions of the connected resistors of the first and last single batteries by adopting a first and last single battery voltage collection second loop, a battery pack end collection voltage third loop and a battery pack end collection voltage fourth loop, wherein the other abnormal positions of the resistors are the outermost connected resistors of the continuous abnormal single batteries, and the output fault cannot be judged to be undetermined in the rest; when the abnormal single batteries have no first and last serial numbers, the abnormal positions of the resistors are two resistors connected on the outermost sides of the plurality of the abnormal single batteries, and the output fault cannot be judged to be undetermined due to the residual resistors.
The second step is that: and when the voltage collection of the single battery is not abnormal, starting the abnormal position of the passive equalization switch for polling, wherein the polling comprises polling at the power-on moment of the battery management system and polling regularly.
Step 2.1: when the battery pack is in a stable standing state, the accumulated voltage of the first loop for collecting the voltage by adopting the pack end is compared with that of the first loop for collecting the voltage by the single battery, and if the accumulated voltage is not equal, the abnormal switch exists and the abnormal normal close exists.
Step 2.2: when the battery pack is in a stable standing state, the accumulated voltage of the first loop of the voltage collected by the pack end is compared with that of the first loop of the voltage collected by the single battery, and if the accumulated voltage is equal, a regular inspection mode is adopted for abnormal positions of the passive equalization switch.
Step 2.3: the method for judging the abnormal position of the passive equalization switch comprises the following steps: before and after the switch is opened and closed, the voltage collected by the corresponding single battery is changed, the switch is normal, if the voltage collected by the corresponding single battery is not changed, the switch is abnormal, and the switch is normally closed or normally open.
Preferably, the periodic polling is once every 7 days.
The invention realizes the positioning of abnormal positions of resistance abnormality, equalization switch abnormality and the like in the single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the fault self-diagnosis apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic connection diagram of the fault diagnosis device of the present invention when the switch state is acquired.
Fig. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of the fault self-diagnosis apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the abnormal resistance position determination process of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic connection diagram of discontinuous single cell voltage acquisition in an abnormal state.
Fig. 6a is a schematic connection diagram of two consecutive cells in abnormal voltage collection.
Fig. 6b is a schematic connection diagram of two consecutive cells in abnormal voltage collection.
Fig. 7a is a schematic connection diagram of three consecutive cells in abnormal voltage collection.
Fig. 7b is a schematic connection diagram of three consecutive cells in abnormal voltage collection.
Fig. 8 is a schematic connection diagram when more than three consecutive unit cells are abnormal in voltage collection.
Fig. 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of a passive equalization state when not enabled.
Fig. 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of section 1 when a passive equalization state is enabled.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, taking 5 single batteries as an example, the fault self-diagnosis device in the single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit mode provided by the invention has the following circuit structure that the positive end and the negative end of each single battery are respectively connected with one equalization resistor, the equalization resistor connected with two adjacent single batteries is one, an equalization control switch is connected between each equalization resistor, a single battery voltage acquisition loop is connected between each equalization resistor in parallel, and the first single battery and the last single battery are connected to form a battery pack group end acquisition voltage loop.
The first single battery and the last single battery are connected to form a battery pack end acquisition voltage loop, and are respectively connected with an alternative acquisition voltage loop control switch in series, and the first equalizing resistor and the last equalizing resistor are respectively connected with an alternative acquisition voltage loop control switch in series and are connected with the first single battery and the last single battery voltage acquisition loop in series.
Preferably, the passive equalization control switch K is a MOS transistor. (PMOS e.g. infineon brand BSS308 PE)
Preferably, the alternative acquisition voltage loop control switch is a relay (optocoupler relay AQV258HAX C88/matsushita) or a triode device.
Preferably, the equalization resistance is selected to be 10 ohms (using 1206 package)
As shown in fig. 2, for example, 5 single batteries are used, and a single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit block diagram acquires a Q-switch state at a certain alternative mode.
At ordinary times, the Q11 switch is closed at the a end of the switch, the Q22 switch is closed at the b end of the switch, and a first circuit for collecting voltage at the battery pack end is formed; the Q12 switch is closed at the b end to form a first circuit for collecting the voltage of the first single battery of the battery pack; the Q21 switch is closed at its a terminal, forming a first loop for voltage acquisition of the last cell of the battery pack. And Q11 and Q12 cannot be at the same end of the switch at the same time, and Q21 and Q22 cannot be at the same end of the switch at the same time.
The Q11 switch is closed at the b end of the switch, and the Q12 switch is closed at the a end of the switch, so that a second circuit for collecting the voltage of the first single battery of the battery pack can be formed.
The Q22 switch is closed at the a end of the switch, and the Q21 switch is closed at the b end of the switch, so that a second voltage acquisition loop of the alternative end single battery of the battery pack can be formed.
The Q12 switch is closed at the a end of the switch, and the Q21 switch is closed at the b end of the switch, so that a second loop for collecting voltage at the end of the alternative battery pack is formed; the Q12 switch is closed at the a end of the switch, and the Q22 switch is closed at the b end of the switch, so that a third loop for collecting voltage at the end of the alternative battery pack is formed; the Q11 switch is closed at its a terminal and the Q21 switch is closed at its b terminal, forming a fourth loop for collecting voltage at the alternate battery pack terminal.
Fig. 3 is a single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit diagram, which is drawn by taking 5 single batteries as an example, the device of the chip in fig. 3 is only an example, and those skilled in the art know that the corresponding functional chip has similar functions and can also perform alternative settings.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4, the judgment flow representation of the specific method of the fault self-diagnosis device in the single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit mode according to the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
the first step is as follows: and when the voltage collection of the single battery is abnormal, starting the positioning judgment of the abnormal resistor position.
Step 1.1: when the voltage collection of the single discontinuous single battery is abnormal, judging that the resistance at the initial position is abnormal according to the initial sequence number of the abnormal single battery.
Step 1.2: when the voltage acquisition of two continuous single batteries is abnormal, and when the abnormal single batteries have first and last serial numbers, judging the abnormal positions of the connection resistance of the first and last single batteries by adopting a first and last single battery voltage acquisition second loop, a battery pack group end voltage acquisition third loop and a battery pack group end voltage acquisition fourth loop; when the abnormal single batteries do not have the first serial number and the last serial number, the abnormal positions of the resistors are the intermediate resistors of two continuous abnormal single batteries.
Step 1.3: when the voltage acquisition of three continuous single batteries is abnormal and the abnormal single batteries have the first and last serial numbers, judging the abnormal positions of the connected resistors of the first and last single batteries by adopting a first and last single battery voltage acquisition second loop, a battery pack group end voltage acquisition third loop and a battery pack group end voltage acquisition fourth loop; when the abnormal single batteries do not have the first and last serial numbers, the abnormal positions of the resistors are two resistors in the middle of three continuous abnormal single batteries.
Step 1.4: when the voltage collection of more than three continuous single batteries is abnormal and the abnormal single batteries have the first and last serial numbers, judging the abnormal positions of the connected resistors of the first and last single batteries by adopting a first and last single battery voltage collection second loop, a battery pack end collection voltage third loop and a battery pack end collection voltage fourth loop, wherein the other abnormal positions of the resistors are the outermost connected resistors of the continuous abnormal single batteries, and the output fault cannot be judged to be undetermined in the rest; when the abnormal single batteries have no first and last serial numbers, the abnormal positions of the resistors are two resistors connected on the outermost sides of the plurality of the abnormal single batteries, and the output fault cannot be judged to be undetermined due to the residual resistors.
The second step is that: and when the voltage collection of the single battery is not abnormal, starting the abnormal position of the passive equalization switch for polling, wherein the polling comprises polling at the power-on moment of the battery management system and polling regularly.
Step 2.1: when the battery pack is in a stable standing state, the accumulated voltage of the first loop for collecting the voltage by adopting the pack end is compared with that of the first loop for collecting the voltage by the single battery, and if the accumulated voltage is not equal, the abnormal switch exists and the abnormal normal close exists.
Step 2.2: when the battery pack is in a stable standing state, the accumulated voltage of the first loop of the voltage collected by the pack end is compared with that of the first loop of the voltage collected by the single battery, and if the accumulated voltage is equal, a regular inspection mode is adopted for abnormal positions of the passive equalization switch.
Step 2.3: the method for judging the abnormal position of the passive equalization switch comprises the following steps: before and after the switch is opened and closed, the voltage collected by the corresponding single battery is changed, the switch is normal, if the voltage collected by the corresponding single battery is not changed, the switch is abnormal, and the switch is normally closed or normally open.
Optionally, the polling date may be set according to the operating parameters of the device, such as polling every 7 days on a regular basis.
Example 3
Still, the following description will be made for 5 batteries as an example. First, the location of the abnormal resistor is taken as an example to illustrate that the abnormal resistor can cause the collection of the connected single battery to be invalid, or the collection of the two, three and four loops of the voltage at the group end to be invalid. The abnormal resistance can cause the following four conditions, when the discontinuous single battery voltage acquisition is abnormal; when the voltage collection of two continuous single batteries is abnormal; when voltage collection of three continuous single batteries is abnormal; and when the voltage collection of more than three continuous single batteries is abnormal.
When discontinuous single cell voltage collection is abnormal, the following examples are given:
when R0 is broken, U is broken as shown in FIG. 5u01Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu12The collected voltage is effective.
Secondly, when two continuous single batteries have abnormal voltage collection, the following examples are given:
when R1 is broken, U is broken as shown in FIG. 6au01Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu12Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu05Effective collection of voltage。
When R0, R1 damage is broken, U is opened as shown in FIG. 6bu01Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu12Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu05Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu23Effective collection of voltage
Thirdly, when the voltage collection of three continuous single batteries is abnormal, the following steps are taken as an example:
as shown in FIG. 7a, when R1 and R2 are damaged and disconnected, Uu01Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu12Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu23Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu05Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu34The collected voltage is effective.
When R0, R2 damage is broken, U is opened as shown in FIG. 7bu01Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu12Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu23Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu05Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu34Effective collection of voltage, Ud0u1The collected voltage is effective.
Fourthly, when more than three continuous single battery voltage collection abnormalities occur, the following steps are taken as examples:
as shown in FIG. 8, when R1 and R3 are damaged and disconnected, Uu01Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu12Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu23Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu34Invalid voltage acquisition, Uu05Effective collection of voltage, Uu45The collected voltage is valid but it cannot be determined whether R2 has compromised the disconnect.
As shown in fig. 9 to 10, the following description will take an example of the abnormal judgment of the balancing switch, and if the balancing switch is abnormal, the switch is normally closed or normally opened, which may cause the cell to be balanced all the time or the balancing cannot be started.
Three situations can result, when the discontinuous single equalization switch is abnormal; when two continuous balance switches are abnormal; when more than two continuous equalization switches are abnormal.
When the voltage collected by the corresponding single battery changes before and after the switch is opened and closed, the switch is normal, if the voltage collected by the corresponding single battery does not change, the switch is abnormal, and the switch is normal closed or normal open.
When the voltage of a certain switch is unchanged before and after the switch is switched off and switched on, the adjacent switch is switched off and switched on for judgment, and when the adjacent switch is switched on, if the voltage of the adjacent switch is reduced or increased, the adjacent switch is damaged to cause normally closed or normally open.
As shown in FIG. 9, when single line acquisition is performed, passive equalization is not activated (i.e., switches K1-K5 are both open and not closed).
Group terminal voltage UG = Ud05=Uu05；
Cell B1 voltage U1= Uu01=Ud01；
Cell B2 voltage U2= Uu12=Ud12；
Cell B3 voltage U3= Uu23=Ud23；
Cell B4 voltage U4= Uu34=Ud34。
Cell B5 voltage U5= Uu45=Ud45。
As shown in fig. 10, when the battery cell B1 starts passive equalization, i.e., K1 is closed, the resistors R0 and R1 flow current.
Cell B1 voltage U1= Uu01=UR01=Ud01-UR0-UR1；
Cell B2 voltage U2= Uu12=Ud12+UR1；
Cell B3 voltage U3= Uu23=Ud23；
Cell B4 voltage U4= Uu34=Ud34。
Cell B5 voltage U5= Uu45=Ud45。
Based on the examples described above, there is also provided in one embodiment a computer device/system comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement any one of the methods in the embodiments described above.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes in the methods of the embodiments described above may be implemented by a computer program to instruct associated hardware, where the program may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and in the embodiments of the present invention, the program may be stored in the storage medium of a computer system and executed by at least one processor in the computer system to implement the processes including the embodiments of the video playing methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), or the like.
Accordingly, there is also provided a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the program, when executed by a processor, implements any one of the methods in the embodiments described above.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A fault self-diagnosis circuit device based on a single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit mode is characterized in that: the positive end and the negative end of each single battery are respectively connected with an equalizing resistor, the equalizing resistor connected with two adjacent single batteries is one, a passive equalization control switch is connected between the equalizing resistors respectively connected with the positive end and the negative end of each single battery, a single battery voltage acquisition loop is connected in parallel between the equalizing resistors respectively connected with the positive end and the negative end of each single battery, and the first single battery and the last single battery are connected to form a battery pack end acquisition voltage loop; the first and the last single batteries are connected to form a battery pack end acquisition voltage loop, and are respectively connected with an alternative acquisition voltage loop control switch Q11 and a candidate acquisition voltage loop control switch Q22 in series; the first equalizing resistor and the last equalizing resistor are respectively connected in series with an alternative acquisition voltage loop control switch Q12 and a candidate acquisition voltage loop control switch Q21 and are connected in series with the first single battery voltage acquisition loop and the last single battery voltage acquisition loop;
at ordinary times, the Q11 switch is closed at the a end of the switch, the Q22 switch is closed at the b end of the switch, and a first circuit for collecting voltage at the battery pack end is formed; the Q12 switch is closed at the b end to form a first circuit for collecting the voltage of the first single battery of the battery pack; the Q21 switch is closed at the a end of the switch to form a first loop for collecting the voltage of the first single battery at the end of the battery pack; wherein, Q11 and Q12 can not be at the same end of the switch at the same time, and Q21 and Q22 can not be at the same end of the switch at the same time;
the Q11 switch is closed at the b end of the switch, the Q12 switch is closed at the a end of the switch, and a second circuit for collecting the voltage of the first alternative single battery of the battery pack can be formed;
the Q22 switch is closed at the a end of the switch, the Q21 switch is closed at the b end of the switch, and a second voltage acquisition loop of the alternative end single battery of the battery pack can be formed;
the Q12 switch is closed at the a end of the switch, and the Q21 switch is closed at the b end of the switch, so that a second loop for collecting voltage at the end of the alternative battery pack is formed; the Q12 switch is closed at the a end of the switch, and the Q22 switch is closed at the b end of the switch, so that a third loop for collecting voltage at the end of the alternative battery pack is formed; the Q11 switch is closed at its a terminal and the Q21 switch is closed at its b terminal, forming a fourth loop for collecting voltage at the alternate battery pack terminal.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, further characterized by: the passive balance control switch is an MOS tube.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, further characterized by: the alternative acquisition voltage loop control switch is a relay or a triode device.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, further characterized by: the equalizing resistance is 5-20 ohms.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, further characterized by: the equalizing resistance is 10 ohms, and the equalizing resistance is packaged by 1206.
6. The apparatus of claim 3, further characterized by: the relay is an optical coupling relay.
7. A fault self-diagnosis method is characterized in that when voltage collection of a single battery is abnormal, abnormal resistance position positioning judgment is started;
step 1.1: when the voltage collection of a single discontinuous single battery is abnormal, judging that the resistance at the initial position is abnormal according to the initial sequence number of the abnormal single battery;
step 1.2: when the voltage acquisition of two continuous single batteries is abnormal, and when the abnormal single batteries have first and last serial numbers, judging the abnormal positions of the connection resistance of the first and last single batteries by adopting a first and last single battery voltage acquisition second loop, a battery pack group end voltage acquisition third loop and a battery pack group end voltage acquisition fourth loop; when the serial numbers of the first and the last abnormal single batteries do not exist, the abnormal positions of the resistors are the intermediate resistors of two continuous abnormal single batteries;
step 1.3: when the voltage acquisition of three continuous single batteries is abnormal and the abnormal single batteries have the first and last serial numbers, judging the abnormal positions of the connected resistors of the first and last single batteries by adopting a first and last single battery voltage acquisition second loop, a battery pack group end voltage acquisition third loop and a battery pack group end voltage acquisition fourth loop; when the serial numbers of the first and the last abnormal single batteries do not exist, the abnormal positions of the resistors are two resistors in the middle of three continuous abnormal single batteries;
step 1.4: when the voltage collection of more than three continuous single batteries is abnormal and the abnormal single batteries have the first and last serial numbers, judging the abnormal positions of the connected resistors of the first and last single batteries by adopting a first and last single battery voltage collection second loop, a battery pack end collection voltage third loop and a battery pack end collection voltage fourth loop, wherein the other abnormal positions of the resistors are the outermost connected resistors of the continuous abnormal single batteries, and the output fault cannot be judged to be undetermined in the rest; when the abnormal single batteries have no first and last serial numbers, the abnormal positions of the resistors are two resistors connected on the outermost sides of the plurality of the abnormal single batteries, and the output fault cannot be judged to be undetermined due to the residual resistors.
8. The method of claim 7, further characterized by: performing fault self-diagnosis using the self-diagnosis circuit apparatus for fault self-diagnosis based on the single-wire system acquisition and passive equalization circuit mode according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. The method of claim 7 or 8, further characterized by: when the voltage collection of the single battery is not abnormal, starting the inspection of the abnormal position of the passive equalization switch, wherein the inspection comprises the inspection performed at the power-on moment of the battery management system and the periodic inspection;
step 2.1: when the battery pack is in a stable standing state, comparing the accumulated voltage of the first circuit of the voltage collected by the pack end with the accumulated voltage of the first circuit of the voltage collected by the single battery, if the accumulated voltage is not equal, the abnormal state of a switch exists, and the abnormal state of normal close exists;
step 2.2: when the battery pack is in a stable standing state, comparing the accumulated voltage of the first loop of the voltage collected by the pack end with the accumulated voltage of the first loop of the voltage collected by the single battery, if the accumulated voltages are equal, adopting a regular inspection mode of the abnormal position of the passive equalization switch;
step 2.3: the passive equalization switch abnormal position judgment method comprises the following steps: before and after the switch is opened and closed, the voltage collected by the corresponding single battery is changed, the switch is normal, if the voltage collected by the corresponding single battery is not changed, the switch is abnormal, and the switch is normally closed or normally open.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the polling date is adaptively set according to the system operation state.
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