CN112202357B - SPWM (sinusoidal pulse Width modulation) method - Google Patents

SPWM (sinusoidal pulse Width modulation) method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112202357B
CN112202357B CN202011427394.0A CN202011427394A CN112202357B CN 112202357 B CN112202357 B CN 112202357B CN 202011427394 A CN202011427394 A CN 202011427394A CN 112202357 B CN112202357 B CN 112202357B
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switching tube
spwm
switching
tube
modulation method
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CN112202357A (en
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余健健
丁平
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Shenzhen Sacolar New Energy Co ltd
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Shenzhen Sacolar New Energy Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

The invention provides an SPWM (sinusoidal pulse Width modulation) method which is applied to a unipolar SPWM circuit, wherein the SPWM circuit comprises an inverter and a master control chip, the inverter comprises a first switching tube, a third switching tube, a second switching tube and a fourth switching tube, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are connected in series to form a power frequency bridge arm, the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube are connected in series to form a high-frequency bridge arm, and the power frequency bridge arm is connected in parallel with the high-frequency bridge arm. According to the SPWM modulation method, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are not driven to be closed at the zero crossing position any more, but PWM driving signals are generated according to the SPWM rule; and aiming at the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube, the original wave-sending mode is kept unchanged, so that SPWM driving signals of a single switching period are inserted into the first switching tube and the third switching tube at the zero crossing position of 0 degree and the zero crossing position of 180 degrees, the positive half-cycle follow current and the negative half-cycle follow current are improved, and the problem that the waveform of the charging current is distorted at the zero crossing point is solved.

Description

SPWM (sinusoidal pulse Width modulation) method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic circuits, in particular to an SPWM (sinusoidal pulse width modulation) method.
Background
The SPWM modulation is a switching logic modulation method of an inverter switching tube, the cost of a photovoltaic power generation system is continuously reduced along with the development of a photovoltaic power generation technology, and the application of a grid-connected inverter is more and more extensive.
The prior art (fig. 4) uses a conventional fixed unipolar SPWM modulation scheme to control the inverter (see fig. 2). The first switch tube Q1 and the third switch tube Q3 are driven to be power frequency complementary, the second switch tube Q2 and the fourth switch tube Q4 are driven to be high frequency complementary, and a filter (such as an LC filter, composed of an inductor L1 and a capacitor C1) is matched, so that the charging current compensation circuit has the advantages of being low in cost and high in efficiency, when the frequency and the phase of a right-side power grid are sheared, the four switch tubes are turned off simultaneously, the inductor L1 cannot follow current, and the waveform of the charging current is distorted at a zero-crossing point. The charging current is an alternating current when the inverter works in reverse to charge a left-side direct current source (such as a battery).
Therefore, in the prior art, the inverter is controlled according to a fixed unipolar SPWM modulation mode, although the cost is low and the conversion efficiency is high, the problem that the waveform of the charging current is greatly distorted at the zero-crossing point when the frequency and the phase of a power grid are sheared exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a unipolar SPWM (sinusoidal pulse width modulation) method, which aims to solve the problem that the waveform of a charging current is distorted at a zero-crossing point when the frequency and the phase of a power grid are sheared in the conventional fixed unipolar SPWM method.
The invention provides an SPWM (sinusoidal pulse Width modulation) method which is applied to a unipolar SPWM modulation circuit, wherein the SPWM modulation circuit comprises an inverter and a main control chip, the inverter comprises a first switch tube, a third switch tube, a second switch tube and a fourth switch tube, the first switch tube and the third switch tube are connected in series to form a power frequency bridge arm, the second switch tube and the fourth switch tube are connected in series to form a high-frequency bridge arm, the power frequency bridge arm is connected with the high-frequency bridge arm in parallel, and the SPWM modulation method comprises the following steps:
the master control chip sends out PWM driving signals of the first switching tube, the third switching tube, the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube;
the first SPWM driving signal which is consistent with the zero crossing position of the fourth switching tube 0 is inserted into the zero crossing position of the first switching tube 0, and the waveform of the first SPWM driving signal lasts for a single switching period;
the first switching tube inserts a second SPWM driving signal consistent with the fourth switching tube at the position where 180 degrees pass through zero, and the waveform of the second SPWM driving signal lasts for a single switching period;
inserting a third SPWM driving signal consistent with the zero crossing position of the second switching tube 0 at the zero crossing position of the third switching tube 0, wherein the waveform of the third SPWM driving signal lasts for a single switching period;
and the third switching tube inserts a fourth SPWM driving signal consistent with the second switching tube at the position where 180 degrees passes through zero, and the waveform of the fourth SPWM driving signal lasts for a single switching period.
According to the SPWM modulation method, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are not driven to be closed at the zero crossing position any more, but PWM driving signals are generated according to the SPWM rule; and aiming at the fact that the original wave-generating mode of the second switching tube and the original wave-generating mode of the fourth switching tube are kept unchanged, the SPWM wave of a single switching period is inserted into the positions, where the 0 degree passes through zero, of the first switching tube and the third switching tube, positive half-cycle follow current is improved, the SPWM wave of the single switching period is inserted into the positions, where the 180 degrees passes through zero, of the first switching tube and the third switching tube, negative half-cycle follow current is improved, and therefore the problem that the waveform of the charging current is distorted at the zero-crossing point is solved.
Furthermore, the inverter also comprises a filter, and two ends of the filter are respectively connected with the midpoint of the power frequency bridge arm and the midpoint of the high-frequency bridge arm.
Further, the filter is an LC filter; the LC filter comprises an inductor and a capacitor which are connected in series with each other.
Furthermore, PWM driving signals of the first switching tube and the third switching tube are synchronous with the frequency and the phase of the power grid voltage.
Further, the PWM driving signals of the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube are SPWM driving signals obtained by modulating a sinusoidal reference signal and a triangular carrier.
Furthermore, the first switch tube and the third switch tube are the same switch tube, and the second switch tube and the fourth switch tube are the same switch tube.
Further, the first switch tube and the third switch tube are any one of a triode, an IGBT and an MOSFET.
Further, the second switch tube and the fourth switch tube are any one of a triode, an IGBT and an MOSFET.
Further, the inverter further comprises a direct current source, and the direct current source is connected with the power frequency bridge arm and the high-frequency bridge arm in parallel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an SPWM modulation method in a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an inverter topology;
fig. 3 is a unipolar SPWM drive signal diagram of the SPWM modulation circuit of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a graph of a prior art fixed unipolar SPWM drive signal for the SPWM modulation circuit of fig. 2.
Description of the main element symbols:
first switch tube Q1 Third switch tube Q3 Inductance L1
Second switch tube Q2 Fourth switch tube Q4 Capacitor with a capacitor element C1
The following detailed description will further illustrate the invention in conjunction with the above-described figures.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1 to fig. 3, an SPWM modulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a unipolar SPWM modulation circuit, where the SPWM modulation circuit includes an inverter and a main control chip, the inverter includes a first switching tube Q1, a third switching tube Q3, a second switching tube Q2, and a fourth switching tube Q4, the first switching tube Q1 and the third switching tube Q3 are connected in series to form a power frequency bridge arm, the second switching tube Q2 and the fourth switching tube Q4 are connected in series to form a high frequency bridge arm, the power frequency bridge arm is connected in parallel to the high frequency bridge arm, and the SPWM modulation method includes steps S01 to S05:
step S01, the main control chip sends out PWM driving signals of the first switch tube Q1, the third switch tube Q3, the second switch tube Q2 and the fourth switch tube Q4;
step S02, the first switching tube Q1 inserts a first SPWM driving signal coinciding with the 0 degree zero crossing of the fourth switching tube Q4 at the 0 degree zero crossing, the first SPWM driving signal waveform lasting for a single switching cycle; specifically, the zero crossing of 0 degree of the first switching tube Q1 is at "a" in fig. 3.
Step S03, the first switching tube Q1 inserts a second SPWM driving signal coinciding with the 180 degree zero crossing of the fourth switching tube Q4 at the 180 degree zero crossing, the second SPWM driving signal waveform lasting for a single switching cycle; specifically, the 180-degree zero crossing of the first switching tube Q1 is shown as "B" in fig. 3.
Step S04, the third switching tube Q3 inserts a third SPWM driving signal at the 0 degree zero crossing that coincides with the 0 degree zero crossing of the second switching tube Q2, the third SPWM driving signal waveform lasting for a single switching period; specifically, the zero crossing of 0 degree of the third switching tube Q3 is "C" in fig. 3.
In step S05, the third switching tube Q3 inserts a fourth SPWM driving signal at the 180 degree zero crossing that coincides with the 180 degree zero crossing of the second switching tube Q2, and the fourth SPWM driving signal waveform lasts for a single switching period. Specifically, the zero crossing of the third switching tube Q3 by 180 degrees is indicated by "D" in fig. 3.
In step S02 and step S03, a single switching cycle refers to a switching cycle of the fourth switching tube Q4, and in step S04 and step S05, a single switching cycle refers to a switching cycle of the second switching tube Q2; in fact, because the PWM driving signals of the second switching tube Q2 and the fourth switching tube Q4 are complementary, the switching period duration of the fourth switching tube Q4 is the same as that of the second switching tube Q2.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the inverter further includes a filter, and two ends of the filter are respectively connected to the midpoint of the power frequency bridge arm and the midpoint of the high frequency bridge arm.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the filter may be an LC filter or other filters to implement a filtering function; the LC filter comprises an inductor L1 and a capacitor C1, wherein the inductor L1 and the capacitor C1 are connected in series with each other.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the term "power frequency" in the power frequency bridge arm means that the switching frequencies of the first switching tube Q1 and the third switching tube Q3 are power frequencies, and accordingly, the PWM driving signal frequencies of the first switching tube Q1 and the third switching tube Q3 are power frequencies, for example, 40HZ to 70HZ, and more specifically, 50HZ or 60HZ, and the term "high frequency" in the high frequency bridge arm means that the switching frequencies of the second switching tube Q2 and the fourth switching tube Q4 are high frequencies, and accordingly, the PWM driving signal frequencies of the second switching tube Q2 and the fourth switching tube Q4 are high frequencies, for example, 9KHZ to 1MHZ, and further, for example, 15 KHZ to 21 KHZ.
According to the SPWM modulation method, the first switching tube Q1 and the third switching tube Q3 are not driven to be closed at the zero crossing position any more, but PWM driving signals are generated according to the SPWM rule; while the original wave-generating (or driving) mode is kept unchanged for the second switching tube Q2 and the fourth switching tube Q4, so that the SPWM driving signal of a single switching period is inserted into the positions where 0 degree passes zero of the first switching tube Q1 and the third switching tube Q3, the defect that the four switching tubes are simultaneously closed during phase change is avoided, a follow current channel is provided for the inductor, and positive half-cycle follow current is improved; the SPWM driving signals of a single switching period are inserted into the zero-crossing positions of 180 degrees of the first switching tube Q1 and the third switching tube Q3, the defect that four switching tubes are simultaneously closed during phase change is overcome, a follow current channel is provided for the inductor, negative half-cycle follow current is improved, and therefore the problem that the waveform of the charging current is distorted at the zero-crossing point is solved.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the PWM driving signals of the first switching tube Q1 and the third switching tube Q3 are synchronized with the frequency and the phase of the grid voltage.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the PWM driving signals of the second switching tube Q2 and the fourth switching tube Q4 are SPWM driving signals obtained by modulating a sinusoidal reference signal and a triangular carrier.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the inverter may further include a direct current source, and the direct current source is connected in parallel to the power frequency bridge arm and the high frequency bridge arm.
It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first switching tube Q1 and the third switching tube Q3 are the same switching tubes, and the second switching tube Q2 and the fourth switching tube Q4 are the same switching tubes, for example, the first switching tube Q1 and the third switching tube Q3 are both triodes, or the first switching tube Q1 and the third switching tube Q3 are both IGBTs, or the first switching tube Q1 and the third switching tube Q3 are both MOSFETs, and so on; for example, the second switching tube Q2 and the fourth switching tube Q4 are both triodes, or the second switching tube Q2 and the fourth switching tube Q4 are both IGBTs, or the second switching tube Q2 and the fourth switching tube Q4 are both MOSFETs, and so on.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. The SPWM modulation method is applied to a unipolar SPWM modulation circuit, the SPWM modulation circuit comprises an inverter and a main control chip, the inverter comprises a first switch tube, a third switch tube, a second switch tube and a fourth switch tube, the first switch tube and the third switch tube are connected in series to form a power frequency bridge arm, the second switch tube and the fourth switch tube are connected in series to form a high-frequency bridge arm, and the power frequency bridge arm is connected in parallel with the high-frequency bridge arm, and the SPWM modulation method comprises the following steps:
the master control chip sends out PWM driving signals of the first switching tube, the third switching tube, the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube;
the first SPWM driving signal which is consistent with the zero crossing position of the fourth switching tube 0 is inserted into the zero crossing position of the first switching tube 0, and the waveform of the first SPWM driving signal lasts for a single switching period;
the first switching tube inserts a second SPWM driving signal consistent with the fourth switching tube at the position where 180 degrees pass through zero, and the waveform of the second SPWM driving signal lasts for a single switching period;
inserting a third SPWM driving signal consistent with the zero crossing position of the second switching tube 0 at the zero crossing position of the third switching tube 0, wherein the waveform of the third SPWM driving signal lasts for a single switching period;
and the third switching tube inserts a fourth SPWM driving signal consistent with the second switching tube at the position where 180 degrees passes through zero, and the waveform of the fourth SPWM driving signal lasts for a single switching period.
2. The SPWM modulation method of claim 1 wherein the inverter further comprises a filter, both ends of the filter being connected to a midpoint of the power frequency leg and a midpoint of the high frequency leg, respectively.
3. The SPWM modulation method of claim 2 wherein the filter is an LC filter comprising an inductor and a capacitor connected in series with each other.
4. The SPWM modulation method of any of claims 1-3 wherein the PWM driving signals of the first and third switching tubes are synchronized to the grid voltage frequency and phase.
5. The SPWM modulation method of any one of claims 1-3 wherein the PWM driving signals of the second and fourth switching transistors are SPWM driving signals modulated by a sinusoidal reference signal and a triangular carrier.
6. The SPWM modulation method of any one of claims 1-3 wherein the first and third switching transistors are homogeneous switching transistors and the second and fourth switching transistors are homogeneous switching transistors.
7. The SPWM modulation method of claim 6 wherein the first and third switching tubes are each any one of a triode, an IGBT, and a MOSFET.
8. The SPWM modulation method of claim 6 wherein the second switch tube and the fourth switch tube are each any one of a triode, an IGBT and a MOSFET.
9. The SPWM modulation method of any of claims 1-3 wherein the inverter further comprises a DC source connected in parallel to the power frequency leg and the high frequency leg.
CN202011427394.0A 2020-12-09 2020-12-09 SPWM (sinusoidal pulse Width modulation) method Active CN112202357B (en)

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CN102122899B (en) * 2010-08-27 2014-01-29 特变电工新疆新能源股份有限公司 Zero-current through compensation method and device for grid-connected inverter
CN103683313B (en) * 2012-09-13 2016-11-23 华中科技大学 A kind of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter using mixed type power device
CN103490651B (en) * 2013-05-22 2015-07-15 漳州科华技术有限责任公司 Full bridge inverter UPWM control method for eliminating zero passage oscillation
US9647608B2 (en) * 2014-09-08 2017-05-09 Jabil Circuit, Inc. Wein bridge oscillator
CN104868775B (en) * 2015-06-12 2017-12-22 阳光电源股份有限公司 A kind of PWM method, PWM driving control systems and bridge-type inverter
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