CN111463826A - Wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolytic cell array configuration and optimal control method and system - Google Patents
Wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolytic cell array configuration and optimal control method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolytic cell array configuration and optimal control method and system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) determining the maximum power value to be absorbed by the electrolytic cell array according to a historical fan output power curve based on the wind power peak value time-space dispersion characteristic; (2) based on the overload characteristic of the electrolytic cell, determining the theoretical configuration capacity of the electrolytic cell array according to the maximum power value to be absorbed by the electrolytic cell array; (3) determining the total configuration quantity of the electrolytic cell monomers; (4) dividing the operation state of the electrolytic cell monomer into four operation states of rated power operation, fluctuating power operation, overload power operation and shutdown; (5) and acquiring a real-time value of the output power of the fan, and distributing the operation states of the electrolytic cell monomers in a round value mode to enable the electrolytic cell monomers to alternately operate in one of four operation states. Compared with the prior art, the method can effectively reduce the configuration capacity of the electrolytic cell array while ensuring the digestion effect, balance the service life of the electrolytic cell system and reduce the investment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind power hydrogen production, in particular to a wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolytic cell array configuration and optimal control method and system.
Background
The randomness and the volatility of fluctuating renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic provide great challenges to the stability and the safety of a power grid. The large-scale hydrogen production by coupling renewable energy with electrolysis can not only effectively improve the energy utilization efficiency of a renewable energy power generation system, but also effectively solve the problem of 'where hydrogen comes' in the green hydrogen energy industry, has great strategic significance, and has become an energy strategy of many countries.
The electrolytic cell is used as an electrical conversion device, is a key device of a renewable energy water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, and has strong adaptability to unstable power output of renewable energy when being used for stabilizing the fluctuation of the renewable energy. The alkaline electrolytic cell is the only electrolytic water hydrogen production equipment which meets the requirement of large-scale engineering application at present, and has the advantages of mature technology, low cost and the like, but the traditional alkaline electrolytic water hydrogen production system has the defects of poor dynamic regulation, low efficiency, short service life and the like under the fluctuation working condition. The applicability of the alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production system under the fluctuation working condition and the focus and hot spot of the attention of the renewable energy hydrogen production technology are improved through technical innovation.
At present, scholars at home and abroad mainly develop deep research on the improvement of the performance of the hydrogen production system by alkaline electrolysis from two aspects of device manufacturing and integrated application control strategies. However, the improvement of the manufacturing technology of the hydrogen production equipment by alkaline electrolysis is a relevant long-term attack and defense process, the qualitative breakthrough is difficult to realize in a short term, the advanced control strategy is always continuous, and the more important advanced energy management and control strategy has proved to be feasible and worthy of research for improving the equivalent service life and the power regulation characteristic of the alkaline electrolysis system. At present, the manufacturing level of alkaline electrolytic cell monomers is still in hundreds of kW to MW level, and a plurality of monomer electrolytic cells are generally required to be connected in parallel to form an electrolytic cell array in large-scale hydrogen production engineering application. The analysis of the research results shows that the existing strategy research does not relate to the coordination control among the array monomers, more is the research from the overall dimension of the system, and the monomer coordination control strategy is rarely developed. In the practical engineering application, a simple control strategy is mainly adopted, namely after the electrolytic cells are numbered, the electrolytic cells are switched only according to the sequence of the numbers when the wind power is consumed, so that the electrolytic cells with the numbers close to the front are switched too frequently or the running time is too long, and the electrolytic cells with the numbers close to the rear are in a heat preservation standby stage for most of time. For the electrolytic cell with the front number, the service life of the electrolytic cell can be greatly shortened due to excessive switching, and meanwhile, the service life of the electrolytic cell which continuously works under the fluctuating power condition for a long time can also be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolytic cell array configuration and optimal control method and system.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
an alkaline electrolysis cell array configuration and optimal control method for wind power hydrogen production comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the maximum power value to be absorbed by the electrolytic cell array according to a historical fan output power curve based on the wind power peak value time-space dispersion characteristic;
(2) based on the overload characteristic of the electrolytic cell, determining the theoretical configuration capacity of the electrolytic cell array according to the maximum power value to be absorbed by the electrolytic cell array;
(3) determining the total configuration quantity of the electrolytic cell monomers based on the theoretical configuration capacity of the electrolytic cell array and the rated power of the electrolytic cell monomers;
(4) dividing the operation state of the electrolytic cell monomer into four operation states of rated power operation, fluctuating power operation, overload power operation and shutdown;
(5) and acquiring a real-time value of the output power of the fan, and distributing the operation state of each electrolytic cell monomer in the electrolytic cell array in a round value mode to enable the electrolytic cell monomers to operate in one of four operation states in turn.
The step (1) is specifically as follows:
firstly, arranging sampling points in a historical fan output power curve in a descending or ascending order according to the magnitude of a wind power value to form a wind power discrete sequence diagram, wherein a horizontal axis corresponding to each discrete point in the wind power discrete sequence diagram is a sampling time point, and a corresponding vertical axis is the magnitude of the wind power value;
then, smoothly connecting all discrete points in the wind power discrete ranking graph to form a wind power ranking curve, respectively making a straight line perpendicular to the horizontal axis at the maximum point and the minimum point of the wind power value, correspondingly making a first vertical line and a second vertical line, and solving an area A enclosed by the wind power ranking curve, the horizontal axis, the first vertical line and the second vertical line;
and finally, sliding a third vertical line perpendicular to the horizontal axis from small to large on the wind power discrete ranking graph plane, stopping sliding of the third vertical line when the area formed by the wind power ranking curve, the horizontal axis, the second vertical line and the third vertical line reaches α & A, and taking the wind power value corresponding to the intersection point of the third vertical line and the wind power ranking curve as the maximum power value to be absorbed by the electrolytic cell array, wherein α is a set probability coefficient.
The theoretical configuration capacity of the electrolytic cell array in the step (2) is obtained by the following formula:
wherein, PlCapacity, P, is allocated to the cell array theorymaxThe maximum power to be absorbed by the electrolytic cell array,
is the overload factor of the electrolytic cell.
And (3) specifically determining the total configuration quantity of the electrolytic cell monomers according to the following formula:
wherein n is the total configuration number of the electrolytic cell monomers, PlCapacity, P, is allocated to the cell array theoryeIs the rated power of the single body of the electrolytic cell,
indicating rounding up.
The step (5) is specifically as follows:
(51) sequentially sequencing the electrolytic cell monomers in the electrolytic cell array, determining a rotation period, and adjusting the arrangement sequence of the electrolytic cell monomers when each rotation period is reached;
(52) the number of the electrolytic cell monomers running in the four running states is configured according to the real-time value of the output power of the fan, and the running states of the electrolytic cell monomers are sequentially distributed according to the current arrangement sequence of the electrolytic cell monomers.
The specific mode for adjusting the arrangement sequence of the electrolytic cell monomers in the step (51) is as follows: and moving the electrolytic bath monomer positioned at the head position in the previous round of the alternation cycle to the tail position.
The step (52) is specifically as follows:
(521) according to the real-time value P of the output power of the fanwindAnd the actual configuration capacity P of the electrolytic cell arrayelDetermining whether the cell array is in an overload condition, if Pwind≤PelThen not overloaded, step 522 is performed, otherwise overloaded, step 523 is performed, where P isel＝nPe，PeRated power of the electrolytic cell monomers, wherein n is the total configuration quantity of the electrolytic cell monomers;
(522) determining the number N of the electrolytic cell monomers configured in a rated power operation state according to the real-time value of the output power of the fan11The number N of the electrolytic cell monomers configured to be in the fluctuating power operation state12And the number N of the electrolytic cell units configured to be in a shutdown operation state13Satisfy N11+N12+N13N is sequentially arranged according to the current arrangement sequence of the electrolytic cell monomers11The single electrolytic cell operates in a rated power operation state, N12The single electrolytic cell operates in a fluctuating power operation state, N13The single electrolytic cell operates in a shutdown operation state;
(523) determining the number N of the electrolytic cell monomers configured in the overload power running state according to the real-time value of the output power of the fan21The number N of the electrolytic cell monomers configured to be in the fluctuating power operation state22And the number N of the electrolytic cell units configured to be in the rated power operation state23Satisfy N21+N22+N23N is sequentially arranged according to the current arrangement sequence of the electrolytic cell monomers21Electric applianceThe cell releasing monomer operates in an overload power operation state N22The single electrolytic cell operates in a fluctuating power operation state, N23The single electrolytic cell is operated in a rated power operation state.
Step (522) is more specifically:
obtaining N by11，
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
meaning that the rounding is done down,
if N is present11N is then12＝N 130, all the electrolytic cell monomers are configured to operate in a rated power operation state,
if N is present1N, then N12＝1，N13＝n-N11-1, arranging the first N in the electrolytic cell monomer sequence11Each cell is configured to operate in a rated power operating state, Nth11+1 electrolytic cell monomer configured to operate in fluctuating power operating condition, and Nth11The fluctuation power of +1 electrolytic tank monomer is Pwind-N1·PeRemaining N13Each cell is configured to be in a shutdown operating state.
Step (523) is more specifically:
first, the amount of overload P is determinedOL＝Pwind-nPe，
Then, N is obtained by the following formula21，
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
meaning that the rounding is done down,
finally, if
Then N is22＝0，N23＝n-N21Arranging the electrolytic cell monomers in the order of the first N21The electrolytic cell monomer is configured to operate in an overload power operation state with an overload power of
Remaining N23Each electrolytic cell monomer is configured to be in a rated power operation state,
if it is
Then N is22＝1，N23＝n-N21-1, arranging the first N in the electrolytic cell monomer sequence21The electrolytic cell monomer is configured to operate in an overload power operation state with an overload power of
N th21+1 cells configured to operate in fluctuating power operation with fluctuating power
Remaining N23Each electrolytic cell monomer is configured to be in a rated power operation state.
The system comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used for storing a computer program, and the processor is used for realizing the wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolytic cell array configuration and optimization control method when executing the computer program.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention provides an electrolytic cell capacity optimization configuration scheme according to overload characteristics based on the electric heating external characteristics and the wind power generation power characteristics of the alkaline electrolytic cell, effectively reduces the configuration capacity of the electrolytic cell on the premise of meeting the power consumption of the electrolytic cell, and improves the economy of array configuration.
(2) The invention provides an optimization control strategy for an electrolytic cell array for producing hydrogen by alkaline electrolyzed water of wind power on a large scale based on a round-robin basis, which divides the operation state of the electrolytic cell into four operation states of rated power operation, fluctuating power operation, overload power operation and shutdown by optimizing the operation state of the electrolytic cell array, realizes the balance of the operation time of single bodies of the electrolytic cell array, effectively prolongs the service life of the electrolytic cell array, and simultaneously reduces the possible safety risk in the operation process of the electrolytic cell to the minimum by taking a round-robin strategy from the hydrogen production safety perspective, thereby improving the safety and reliability of hydrogen production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an alkaline wind power hydrogen production electrolytic cell array configuration and optimization control method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a wind power curve of a 2MW wind turbine within 110 minutes after a 12-point north wind field in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an electrolytic cell circulation train in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the power to be absorbed by the electrolyzer under high power conditions in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 shows the power to be absorbed by the electrolyzer under low power conditions in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a wind power fluctuation curve at a high level and a low level in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the number of electrolytic cells operating at rated power under high and low power conditions in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of a simulation of the power curve of the electrolyzer under high power conditions in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the results of a simulation of the power curve of the electrolyzer under a low power condition in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph comparing the original wind power and the absorption power of the electrolyzer system under the high and low power conditions in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the actual operating power of the cell at high power in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 12 actual operating power curve of the cell at low power in the example of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. Note that the following description of the embodiments is merely a substantial example, and the present invention is not intended to be limited to the application or the use thereof, and is not limited to the following embodiments.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, a wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolytic cell array configuration and optimization control method comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the maximum power value to be absorbed by the electrolytic cell array according to a historical fan output power curve based on the wind power peak value time-space dispersion characteristic;
(2) based on the overload characteristic of the electrolytic cell, determining the theoretical configuration capacity of the electrolytic cell array according to the maximum power value to be absorbed by the electrolytic cell array;
(3) determining the total configuration quantity of the electrolytic cell monomers based on the theoretical configuration capacity of the electrolytic cell array and the rated power of the electrolytic cell monomers;
(4) dividing the operation state of the electrolytic cell monomer into four operation states of rated power operation, fluctuating power operation, overload power operation and shutdown;
(5) and acquiring a real-time value of the output power of the fan, and distributing the operation state of each electrolytic cell monomer in the electrolytic cell array in a round value mode to enable the electrolytic cell monomers to operate in one of four operation states in turn.
The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out big data analysis on the characteristics of the wind power, finding that the probability of the occurrence of a large value of the wind power is extremely low, and carrying out probability statistical analysis on the data of the wind power to eliminate the overload characteristic of the high-power utilization electrolytic cell with the occurrence probability lower than a certain probability value, thereby reducing the capacity of the configured electrolytic cell.
Therefore, the step (1) is specifically as follows:
firstly, arranging sampling points in a historical fan output power curve in a descending or ascending order according to the magnitude of a wind power value to form a wind power discrete sequence diagram, wherein a horizontal axis corresponding to each discrete point in the wind power discrete sequence diagram is a sampling time point, and a corresponding vertical axis is the magnitude of the wind power value;
then, smoothly connecting all discrete points in the wind power discrete ranking graph to form a wind power ranking curve, respectively making a straight line perpendicular to the horizontal axis at the maximum point and the minimum point of the wind power value, correspondingly making a first vertical line and a second vertical line, and solving an area A enclosed by the wind power ranking curve, the horizontal axis, the first vertical line and the second vertical line;
and finally, sliding a third vertical line perpendicular to the horizontal axis from small to large on the wind power discrete ranking graph plane, stopping sliding the third vertical line when the area enclosed by the wind power ranking curve, the horizontal axis, the second vertical line and the third vertical line reaches α & A, and taking the wind power value corresponding to the intersection point of the third vertical line and the wind power ranking curve as the maximum power value to be absorbed by the electrolytic cell array, wherein α is a set probability coefficient, wherein a constant coefficient α is an experience set value and can be freely configured, and the value range is generally 0.95-1.
The theoretical configuration capacity of the electrolytic cell array in the step (2) is obtained by the following formula:
wherein, PlCapacity, P, is allocated to the cell array theorymaxThe maximum power to be absorbed by the electrolytic cell array,
the overload coefficient of the electrolytic cell
Cell overload factor as a constant related to cell characteristics
The value is 1.1-1.35.
And (3) specifically determining the total configuration quantity of the electrolytic cell monomers according to the following formula:
wherein n is the total configuration number of the electrolytic cell monomers, PlCapacity, P, is allocated to the cell array theoryeIs the rated power of the single body of the electrolytic cell,
indicating the upward rounding, whereby the cell array is actually provided with a capacity Pel＝nPe。
The working conditions of the electrolytic cell can be divided into the following three types:
scenario 1: non-overloaded high power regime
Under this condition, Pwind≤Pel，PwindFor the real-time value of the output power of the fan, PelActual capacity, P, for the cell arrayel＝nPeWhen P iswind＝PelWhen n is the state that the electrolytic cell monomers are all configured to operate in rated power, when P iswind＜PelAnd the number of the electrolytic cell monomers working at rated power is n-1, the other electrolytic cell monomer works in a fluctuating power operation state, and the electrolytic cell array works in a non-overload high-power working condition.
The invention adopts a round-value optimization control strategy of the electrolytic cell, namely, a small part of electrolytic cell monomers are used as equipment for absorbing fluctuation power, and the rest of electrolytic cell monomers run under a rated state and then pass through a certain time TminAnd then, the electrolytic cell monomers in the two states are alternated, so that the time of the electrolytic cell monomers working under the condition of power fluctuation is effectively shared, and the service life of the electrolytic cell is integrally prolonged.
Assuming that the working time of the ith electrolytic tank monomer is T, the rotation period is TminWith fluctuating power PbUnder the working condition of no overload and high power, only one electrolytic cell monomer works in the fluctuating power running state, and the other electrolytic cell monomers are in the rated power running state. Firstly, ordering:
Pel1＝Pel2＝…＝Peln-1＝Pe，Peln＝Pb，
Pelithe actual operating power of the ith electrolytic cell monomer is shown, i is 1,2, … … n;
when the operation time of the single body of the electrolytic cell operating in the fluctuating power operation state reaches the alternation period, namely T>TminAnd when the working states are alternated according to the circular queue, the following steps are carried out:
Pel2＝Pel3＝…＝Peln＝Pe，Pel1＝Pb，
likewise, by rotating all the time according to this strategy, it is possible to average the time during which the various cells operate at fluctuating powers.
Scenario 2: non-overloaded low power operating condition
Under this condition, Pwind＜PelAnd the number of the electrolytic cell monomers working at rated power is less than n-1, and besides one electrolytic cell monomer working at fluctuating power operation state, the electrolytic cell monomer also works at shutdown operation state. Assuming that the working time of the ith electrolytic tank monomer is T, the rotation period is TminWith fluctuating power PbUnder the low-power working condition without overload, one electrolytic cell monomer works in a fluctuating power running state, at least one electrolytic cell monomer is in a stop running state, the other electrolytic cell monomers work in a rated power running state, and the number of the electrolytic cell monomers in the rated power running state is set to be N11. Firstly, ordering:
Pel1＝Pel2＝…＝PelN11＝Pe，PelN11+1＝Pb，PelN11+2＝…＝Peln＝0
in this case, the shift between the fluctuating power operating state and the shutdown operating state needs to be considered, and in order to simplify the shift mechanism, an appropriate shift period T is selected when both requirements are satisfiedminSo that the running time of the electrolytic cell running under the fluctuating power in the shift period does not exceed the limit value, and the temperature of the electrolytic cell in the shutdown state does not drop to the limit value, when the running time of the electrolytic cell running under the fluctuating power reaches the shift period, namely T>TminWhen the two are the sameAnd the working states are alternated according to the circular queue, and then:
Pel2＝Pel3＝…＝PelN11+1＝Pe，PelN11+2＝Pb，Pel1＝PelN11+3＝…＝Peln＝0
similarly, the time of each electrolytic cell unit operating at the fluctuating power can be averaged by always rotating according to the strategy, and meanwhile, the phenomenon of excessive temperature drop caused by overlong stop time of the electrolytic cell can be avoided, so that the capacity of quickly adjusting the power of the electrolytic cell is maintained.
Scenario 3: overload condition
Under the working condition of Pwind>Pel，PwindFor the real-time value of the output power of the fan, PelActual capacity, P, for the cell arrayel＝nPeThe cell array is operated in an overload condition. When all the electrolytic cell monomers in the system operate at rated power and cannot completely absorb wind power, part of the electrolytic cell monomers operate under an overload working condition. And (4) according to the characteristics of the electrolytic cell, proposing a round-trip optimization strategy aiming at the overload condition. First, the amount of overload P is determinedOL＝Pwind-nPeAnd then determined according to the following formula
Number N of cells of a power operated electrolytic cell21：
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
indicating rounding down, then control the first N21The single electrolytic cell operates in an overload state and has the power of
Judging again
Whether the power is equal to 0 or not, if so, the rest of the electrolytic cells work in a rated power operation state, and if not, the rest of the electrolytic cells work in a rated power operation state
If not equal to 0, it indicates that an electrolytic cell monomer is required to be configured to work in a fluctuating power operation state with the fluctuating power of
Thus, will be N21+1 cells configured in a fluctuating power operating regime with a fluctuating power of
The rest of the electrolytic cell monomers are all configured to work in a rated power operation state.
The solution according to the capacity configuration must now be able to take up the full wind power. After the number of the electrolytic cells in the overload state is determined, the electrolytic cells are rotated for a certain time T according to the rotation strategyminThe rotation of the overload state is performed for a cycle.
In summary, the step (5) is specifically:
(51) sequentially sequencing the electrolytic cell monomers in the electrolytic cell array, determining a rotation period, and adjusting the arrangement sequence of the electrolytic cell monomers when each rotation period is reached;
(52) the number of the electrolytic cell monomers running in the four running states is configured according to the real-time value of the output power of the fan, and the running states of the electrolytic cell monomers are sequentially distributed according to the current arrangement sequence of the electrolytic cell monomers.
The specific mode for adjusting the arrangement sequence of the electrolytic cell monomers in the step (51) is as follows: and moving the electrolytic bath monomer positioned at the head position in the previous round of the alternation cycle to the tail position.
The step (52) is specifically as follows:
(521) according to the real-time value P of the output power of the fanwindAnd the actual configuration capacity P of the electrolytic cell arrayelDetermining whether the cell array is in an overload condition, if Pwind≤PelThen not overloaded, go to step (522), otherwise, go to step(s)523) In which P isel＝nPe，PeRated power of the electrolytic cell monomers, wherein n is the total configuration quantity of the electrolytic cell monomers;
(522) determining the number N of the electrolytic cell monomers configured in a rated power operation state according to the real-time value of the output power of the fan11The number N of the electrolytic cell monomers configured to be in the fluctuating power operation state12And the number N of the electrolytic cell units configured to be in a shutdown operation state13Satisfy N11+N12+N13N is sequentially arranged according to the current arrangement sequence of the electrolytic cell monomers11The single electrolytic cell operates in a rated power operation state, N12The single electrolytic cell operates in a fluctuating power operation state, N13The single electrolytic cell operates in a shutdown operation state;
(523) determining the number N of the electrolytic cell monomers configured in the overload power running state according to the real-time value of the output power of the fan21The number N of the electrolytic cell monomers configured to be in the fluctuating power operation state22And the number N of the electrolytic cell units configured to be in the rated power operation state23Satisfy N21+N22+N23N is sequentially arranged according to the current arrangement sequence of the electrolytic cell monomers21Operating the individual electrolytic cells in an overload power operating state, N22The single electrolytic cell operates in a fluctuating power operation state, N23The single electrolytic cell is operated in a rated power operation state.
Step (522) is more specifically:
obtaining N by11，
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
meaning that the rounding is done down,
if N is present11N is then12＝N 130, all the electrolytic cell monomers are configured to operate in a rated power operation state,
if N is present1N, then N12＝1，N13＝n-N11-1, arranging the first N in the electrolytic cell monomer sequence11Each cell is configured to operate in a rated power operating state, Nth11+1 electrolytic cell monomer configured to operate in fluctuating power operating condition, and Nth11The fluctuation power of +1 electrolytic tank monomer is Pwind-N1·PeRemaining N13Each cell is configured to be in a shutdown operating state.
Step (523) is more specifically:
first, the amount of overload P is determinedOL＝Pwind-nPe，
Then, N is obtained by the following formula21，
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
meaning that the rounding is done down,
finally, if
Then N is22＝0，N23＝n-N21Arranging the electrolytic cell monomers in the order of the first N21The electrolytic cell monomer is configured to operate in an overload power operation state with an overload power of
Remaining N23Each electrolytic cell monomer is configured to be in a rated power operation state,
if it is
Then N is22＝1，N23＝n-N21-1, arranging the first N in the electrolytic cell monomer sequence21The electrolytic cell monomer is configured to operate in an overload power operation state with an overload power of
N th21+1 cells configured to operate in fluctuating power operation with fluctuating power
Remaining N23Each electrolytic cell monomer is configured to be in a rated power operation state.
The system comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used for storing a computer program, and the processor is used for realizing the wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolytic cell array configuration and optimization control method when executing the computer program.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a wind power curve and a descending wind power sequence of a 2MW wind turbine from 12 to 13 points 50 on a certain day of a north wind field in the embodiment, wherein (a) of FIG. 2 is the wind power curve, and (b) of FIG. 2 is the wind power sequence curve formed by descending wind power values, and the overload coefficient of the electrolyzer system is set according to the capacity configuration scheme and considering the capacity level of the electrolyzer in actual conditions
To 1.22 according to the method of step (2), α is taken to be 0.95, to obtain Pmax2.43MW, thus obtaining the theoretical configuration capacity of the electrolyzer array:
according to the capacity grade of the electrolytic cell in the actual situation, four electrolytic cell monomers with the capacity of 500kW are selected to form an electrolytic cell array.
In this example, a simulation experiment was first conducted, and numbered cells were rotated in a circular array, as shown in FIG. 3. When the duration of the No. 4 electrolytic cell working in the fluctuating power reaches T, the No. 4 electrolytic cell is inserted into the bottom layer of the queue, and meanwhile, the rest numbered electrolytic cells are sequentially switched into a state, and at the moment, the No. 3 electrolytic cell replaces the No. 4 electrolytic cell to be in the fluctuating power state; after a certain time, the shutdown time of the No. 3 electrolytic cell also reaches T, and the No. 2 electrolytic cell is put in the fluctuating power in the same way.
Under high power, as shown in fig. 4, the curve is the power that the electrolytic cell needs to absorb, and the whole system is composed of four electrolytic cells. Firstly, running the electrolytic cells numbered 1,2 and 3 at rated power, and absorbing the residual fluctuating power by the electrolytic cell numbered 4; after a certain time, the cells numbered 4, 1 and 2 were operated at rated power, and the cell numbered 3 absorbed the remaining fluctuating power. Such a round-robin strategy may well average the operating time of each cell to increase the overall system life.
The power which needs to be absorbed by the electrolytic cell under the low-power condition is shown in figure 5, the electrolytic cell which needs to work in the array only needs 2-3 devices in a large probability, and the rest devices are in a shutdown state, so that the temperature of the electrolytic cell is continuously reduced. In order to ensure the quick response capability of the power of the electrolytic cell, the temperature of the electrolytic cell needs to be detected in real time, when the temperature of the electrolytic cell is reduced to the minimum temperature limit value, the electrolytic cell starts to work through a rotation mechanism and closes another working electrolytic cell, and in actual conditions, the same effect can be achieved through rotation within a certain time, so that the control strategy is simplified as the control method.
In order to better analyze the duty optimization control strategy, the power curve is intercepted by the high-power part and the low-power part as shown in fig. 6, wherein (a) of fig. 6 is the high-power part wind power fluctuation curve, and (b) of fig. 6 is the low-power part wind power fluctuation curve.
According to the round-robin optimization control strategy, the power high period and the power low period are respectively analyzed, and the number of the electrolytic cells which operate at the rated power in each period and at different moments and the power curve of each electrolytic cell are obtained as shown in fig. 7, wherein (a) in fig. 7 is the number of the high-power electrolytic cells and (b) in fig. 7 is the number of the low-power electrolytic cells. In the case of high power, all the cells are in operation, but some are operating at a constant nominal power and some at a fluctuating power at all times. In order to improve the service life of the electrolytic cell system, a wheel value optimization strategy is usedThe two states of the electrolytic cells are periodically rotated with a period Tmin1When the running time of the electrolytic cell running under the condition of fluctuating power exceeds 5min, the electrolytic cell is switched with the electrolytic cell running under the condition of rated power.
Under the condition of low power, the number of the electrolytic cells which are operated simultaneously is less than 4, if a rotation mechanism is not adopted, the electrolytic cells are always in a long-time shutdown state, and the temperature of the electrolytic cells is reduced to be below a limit value if the time is too long. In order to ensure the capacity of the rapid change of the power of the electrolytic cell, the shutdown time of the electrolytic cell must be controlled not to be too long. Setting a certain rotation period T by utilizing the rotation mechanism of the electrolytic bathmin2When the halt time of the electrolytic cell reaches 5min, the electrolytic cell is put into operation and the other electrolytic cell is halted, so that the halt time of each electrolytic cell does not exceed the limit value.
And for the condition that the number of the electrolytic cells reaches 4 or even 5 under the high-power working condition, the wind power needs to be absorbed by utilizing the overload characteristic of the electrolytic cells, and the power of the electrolytic cells under the rated working condition in the circular queue is improved to the power under the overload state according to the control strategy of the overload working condition. According to the above strategy and actual conditions, the switching time is set to 5min, that is, the operation state of the electrolytic cell is rotated once in a circular queue form every 5 minutes, and the power fluctuation conditions of the four single electrolytic cells of the whole electrolytic cell system are obtained as shown in fig. 8 and 9, wherein (a) to (d) in fig. 8 are power curve simulation result graphs of 1# -4 # electrolytic cells under high power condition in sequence, and (a) to (d) in fig. 9 are power curve simulation result graphs of 1# -4 # electrolytic cells under low power condition in sequence. As can be seen from FIG. 8, the electrolyzer was operated substantially at rated power and fluctuating power at high power conditions, and was rarely in a shutdown condition. Meanwhile, the time length of working at the fluctuating power is not more than 5min, and the time of each electrolytic cell operating at the fluctuating power in the whole period is uniform. The circled part in the figure shows the overload state of each electrolytic cell, the power value is stabilized at the overload power of 640kW, and the power absorbed by the electrolytic cell system is ensured to meet the system requirement by adjusting the number of the electrolytic cells in the overload state. As shown in FIG. 9, under the condition of low power, the shutdown time of the electrolytic cell does not exceed 5min, so that the temperature of the electrolytic cell is ensured not to be reduced below the minimum temperature limit value, namely the power quick response capability of the electrolytic cell is ensured, and the subsequent jump from zero power to the rated power state can be met.
Fig. 10 is a waveform diagram of wind power and power consumed by the electrolytic cell system, fig. 10 (a) is a waveform diagram of wind power and power consumed by the electrolytic cell system under high power, and fig. 10 (b) is a waveform diagram of wind power and power consumed by the electrolytic cell system under low power.
In order to embody the effectiveness of the round-robin optimization control strategy, under the condition that the condition is the same as other simulation conditions, the non-round-robin optimization control strategy is used for controlling the electrolytic cell system, and power curves of 4 electrolytic cells under corresponding high and low power are obtained. FIGS. 11 (a) to (d) are actual operating power curves of the 1# -4 # electrolyzer in the high power state in this order, and FIGS. 12 (a) to (d) are actual operating power curves of the 1# -4 # electrolyzer in the low power state in this order. Under the high-power working condition, analyzing the power curve of the electrolytic cell with a non-round optimization strategy, obviously seeing that the power curve of the fourth electrolytic cell exceeds the rated power of the fourth electrolytic cell, the fourth electrolytic cell cannot be completely absorbed even considering the overload characteristic of the electrolytic cell, and inevitably leading to the occurrence of the wind abandon phenomenon or increasing the capacity of an electrolytic cell system to fully absorb the wind power. Under the round value optimization strategy, the overload capacity of each electrolytic cell unit is fully utilized, so that the power of each electrolytic cell does not exceed the overload power and simultaneously the aim of wind power consumption of the system can be met.
The power curves of the electrolytic cells with different numbers under the low-power working condition have great difference, the electrolytic cell with the front number runs at the rated power in the whole period, and the electrolytic cell with the rear number is in the shutdown state in the whole period. Under the working condition, the consumption degrees of the electrolytic cells with different numbers are greatly different, and the service life of the whole system is shortened for a long time.
In order to compare the advantages and the disadvantages of the two more intuitively, the phases are extracted according to the power curve of the electrolytic cellThe parameter index is used to define the time ratio of the power of the electrolytic cell between rated power and overload power (including two boundaries) in the operation period of the electrolytic cell as YeThe ratio of the operating time of the power between zero and the rated power (excluding the two boundaries) is Ys(ii) a The time ratio in the shutdown state is Yt(ii) a The time ratio of the non-stop state with the running power lower than the hydrogen safety power is YqTable 1 is a comparison table of parameters and indexes of the operation conditions of the electrolytic cell under different strategies and different powers.
TABLE 1 operating conditions of the electrolyzer at different power with different strategies
According to the non-duty control strategy in the high-power working condition, the time proportion of the electrolytic cell No. 1 and the electrolytic cell No. 2 in the rated power working condition is 100 percent, and the time proportion in the fluctuating power and shutdown state is 0 percent; the time proportion of the No. 3 electrolytic cell is 61.42% under the rated power working condition, the fluctuation power is 38.58%, and the time proportion is 0% under the shutdown state; the proportion of time of each state of the No. 4 electrolytic cell is relatively uniform. Under the coordination round value optimization strategy, the time proportion of each electrolytic cell operating at rated power is distributed between 55% and 85%, the fluctuation power time proportion is distributed between 10% and 35%, and the shutdown state time proportion is lower than 20%.
In the non-round value control strategy under the low-power working condition, the time of the No. 1 electrolytic cell under the stable power working condition accounts for 100 percent, and the time of the electrolytic cell under the fluctuating power and shutdown state accounts for 0 percent; the time proportion of the No. 2 electrolytic cell in stable rated power and in fluctuating power is 58.42 percent and 41.58 percent respectively, and the time proportion in a shutdown state is 0 percent; the ratio of the time of the No. 3 electrolytic cell in the fluctuating power state to the time of the electrolytic cell in the shutdown state is 58.83 percent and 41.17 percent respectively, and the ratio of the time under the rated power is 0 percent; the time ratio of the No. 4 electrolytic cell in the shutdown state is 100 percent, and the time ratio of the electrolytic cell in the rated power and the fluctuation power is 0 percent. The data showed very strong dichotomy. Under the coordination round value optimization strategy, the time proportion of each electrolytic cell operating at rated power is distributed between 25% and 50%, the fluctuation power time proportion is distributed between 10% and 50%, and the shutdown state time proportion is lower than 50%.
In addition, aiming at the aspect of hydrogen production safety, the operation power section of a non-round value strategy, which is easy to cause the hydrogen safety problem, is concentrated in a certain electrolytic cell, the time length of the operation power section occupies 9.33 percent of the whole operation period at most, and the risk that the hydrogen and oxygen mixture reaches the explosion limit is easy to occur; the round-robin optimization control strategy can equally divide the time into all the electrolytic cell monomers (the data of the electrolytic cell No. four in the table is zero because the simulation is only provided with one cycle, and the time period shared by the four electrolytic cell monomers according to the round-robin strategy appears in the next cycle), the ratio of the time period of the power of a single electrolytic cell lower than the safe power of hydrogen is maximum 4.83 percent, compared with the non-round-robin strategy, the ratio of the time is reduced by nearly 50 percent, and the safety and the reliability of the system operation can be obviously improved.
Therefore, the working state time in the whole period of the electrolytic cell monomer under the non-round value control strategy has larger difference, most of the time of the electrolytic cell with the front number is in rated power operation, most of the time of the electrolytic cell with the rear number is in a shutdown state, and the service life of the whole system is reduced due to different damage lives after the different electrolytic cells are operated for a long time; the duty ratio of the working state of each electrolytic cell monomer can be relatively balanced by the round value coordination optimization control strategy, the aging speeds of different electrolytic cells are similar, and the overall service life is comprehensively prolonged.
The above embodiments are merely examples and do not limit the scope of the present invention. These embodiments may be implemented in other various manners, and various omissions, substitutions, and changes may be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An array configuration and optimal control method for wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolytic cells is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining the maximum power value to be absorbed by the electrolytic cell array according to a historical fan output power curve based on the wind power peak value time-space dispersion characteristic;
(2) based on the overload characteristic of the electrolytic cell, determining the theoretical configuration capacity of the electrolytic cell array according to the maximum power value to be absorbed by the electrolytic cell array;
(3) determining the total configuration quantity of the electrolytic cell monomers based on the theoretical configuration capacity of the electrolytic cell array and the rated power of the electrolytic cell monomers;
(4) dividing the operation state of the electrolytic cell monomer into four operation states of rated power operation, fluctuating power operation, overload power operation and shutdown;
(5) and acquiring a real-time value of the output power of the fan, and distributing the operation state of each electrolytic cell monomer in the electrolytic cell array in a round value mode to enable the electrolytic cell monomers to operate in one of four operation states in turn.
2. The wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolytic cell array configuration and optimal control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step (1) specifically comprises:
firstly, arranging sampling points in a historical fan output power curve in a descending or ascending order according to the magnitude of a wind power value to form a wind power discrete sequence diagram, wherein a horizontal axis corresponding to each discrete point in the wind power discrete sequence diagram is a sampling time point, and a corresponding vertical axis is the magnitude of the wind power value;
then, smoothly connecting all discrete points in the wind power discrete ranking graph to form a wind power ranking curve, respectively making a straight line perpendicular to the horizontal axis at the maximum point and the minimum point of the wind power value, correspondingly making a first vertical line and a second vertical line, and solving an area A enclosed by the wind power ranking curve, the horizontal axis, the first vertical line and the second vertical line;
and finally, sliding a third vertical line perpendicular to the horizontal axis from small to large on the wind power discrete ranking graph plane, stopping sliding of the third vertical line when the area formed by the wind power ranking curve, the horizontal axis, the second vertical line and the third vertical line reaches α & A, and taking the wind power value corresponding to the intersection point of the third vertical line and the wind power ranking curve as the maximum power value to be absorbed by the electrolytic cell array, wherein α is a set probability coefficient.
3. The wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolytic cell array configuration and optimization control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the theoretical configuration capacity of the electrolytic cell array in step (2) is obtained by the following formula:
wherein, PlCapacity, P, is allocated to the cell array theorymaxThe maximum power to be absorbed by the electrolytic cell array,
is the overload factor of the electrolytic cell.
4. The wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolytic cell array configuration and optimal control method according to claim 1, wherein the total number of electrolytic cell monomer configurations is specifically determined in step (3) by the following formula:
wherein n is the total configuration number of the electrolytic cell monomers, PlCapacity, P, is allocated to the cell array theoryeIs the rated power of the single body of the electrolytic cell,
indicating rounding up.
5. The wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolytic cell array configuration and optimal control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step (5) specifically comprises:
(51) sequentially sequencing the electrolytic cell monomers in the electrolytic cell array, determining a rotation period, and adjusting the arrangement sequence of the electrolytic cell monomers when each rotation period is reached;
(52) the number of the electrolytic cell monomers running in the four running states is configured according to the real-time value of the output power of the fan, and the running states of the electrolytic cell monomers are sequentially distributed according to the current arrangement sequence of the electrolytic cell monomers.
6. The wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolytic cell array configuration and optimization control method according to claim 5, characterized in that the specific manner of adjusting the electrolytic cell monomer arrangement sequence in step (51) is as follows: and moving the electrolytic bath monomer positioned at the head position in the previous round of the alternation cycle to the tail position.
7. The wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolytic cell array configuration and optimization control method according to claim 5, characterized in that the step (52) specifically comprises:
(521) according to the real-time value P of the output power of the fanwindAnd the actual configuration capacity P of the electrolytic cell arrayelDetermining whether the cell array is in an overload condition, if Pwind≤PelThen not overloaded, step 522 is performed, otherwise overloaded, step 523 is performed, where P isel＝nPe，PeRated power of the electrolytic cell monomers, wherein n is the total configuration quantity of the electrolytic cell monomers;
(522) determining the number N of the electrolytic cell monomers configured in a rated power operation state according to the real-time value of the output power of the fan11The number N of the electrolytic cell monomers configured to be in the fluctuating power operation state12And the number N of the electrolytic cell units configured to be in a shutdown operation state13Satisfy N11+N12+N13N is sequentially arranged according to the current arrangement sequence of the electrolytic cell monomers11The single electrolytic cell operates in a rated power operation state, N12The single electrolytic cell operates in a fluctuating power operation state, N13The single electrolytic cell operates in a shutdown operation state;
(523) determining the number N of the electrolytic cell monomers configured in the overload power running state according to the real-time value of the output power of the fan21The number N of the electrolytic cell monomers configured to be in the fluctuating power operation state22And the number N of the electrolytic cell units configured to be in the rated power operation state23Satisfy N21+N22+N23N is sequentially arranged according to the current arrangement sequence of the electrolytic cell monomers21Operating the individual electrolytic cells in an overload power operating state, N22The single electrolytic cell operates in a fluctuating power operation state, N23The single electrolytic cell is operated in a rated power operation state.
8. The wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolysis cell array configuration and optimal control method according to claim 7, characterized in that step (522) is more specifically:
obtaining N by11，
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
meaning that the rounding is done down,
if N is present11N is then12＝N130, all the electrolytic cell monomers are configured to operate in a rated power operation state,
if N is present1N, then N12＝1，N13＝n-N11-1, arranging the first N in the electrolytic cell monomer sequence11Each cell is configured to operate in a rated power operating state, Nth11+1 electrolytic cell monomer configured to operate in fluctuating power operating condition, and Nth11The fluctuation power of +1 electrolytic tank monomer is Pwind-N1·PeRemaining N13Each cell is configured to be in a shutdown operating state.
9. The wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolysis cell array configuration and optimal control method according to claim 7, characterized in that step (523) is more specifically:
first, the amount of overload P is determinedOL＝Pwind-nPe，
Then, N is obtained by the following formula21，
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
meaning that the rounding is done down,
finally, if
Then N is22＝0，N23＝n-N21Arranging the electrolytic cell monomers in the order of the first N21The electrolytic cell monomer is configured to operate in an overload power operation state with an overload power of
Remaining N23Each electrolytic cell monomer is configured to be in a rated power operation state,
if it is
Then N is22＝1，N23＝n-N21-1, arranging the first N in the electrolytic cell monomer sequence21The electrolytic cell monomer is configured to operate in an overload power operation state with an overload power of
N th21+1 cells configured to operate in fluctuating power operation with fluctuating power
Remaining N23Each electrolytic cell monomer is configured to be in a rated power operation state.
10. A wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolytic cell array configuration and optimization control system is characterized by comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used for storing a computer program, and the processor is used for realizing the wind power hydrogen production alkaline electrolytic cell array configuration and optimization control method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 when executing the computer program.
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