CN111308222B - Capacitor bank inductance estimation method based on parameter correction - Google Patents
Capacitor bank inductance estimation method based on parameter correction Download PDFInfo
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- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
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Abstract
In order to solve the technical problem that an existing capacitor bank inductance estimation method is large in error, the invention provides a capacitor bank inductance estimation method based on parameter correction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an inductance estimation method, in particular to an inductance estimation method suitable for a pulse power device unit loop capacitor bank.
Background
The pulse power device unit loop is a basic charge-discharge loop consisting of two capacitors with the same specification which are arranged side by side, a conductor plate which connects the capacitors, a trigger switch and the like. When the Marx generator and the LTD driving source are designed, key parameters such as capacitance, inductance and the like of a unit loop need to be estimated so as to determine electric pulse output waveform parameters of a basic unit and the whole device. Most of capacitors used in pulse power devices at present are rectangular parallelepiped structures, which are often equivalent to strip lines when loop inductance estimation is performed, and an equivalent conductor layer is considered to be located in the middle of the capacitor, i.e., "middle layer assumption". However, in engineering practice, it is found that such simple equivalence has errors of different degrees, up to more than 20%, for different capacitor models and different distances, and is not favorable for accurate estimation of device operation parameters.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a capacitor bank inductance estimation method based on parameter correction, aiming at solving the technical problem that the existing capacitor bank inductance estimation method has larger error.
The invention has the following inventive concept:
on the basis of a formula based on stripline inductance calculation, the invention obtains the measured data of the inductance of the capacitor bank by building a charge-discharge experimental device of a unit loop and simultaneously applying a Maxwell electromagnetic field simulation method, and then carries out comparison fitting with the calculation result of an original formula to obtain the correction coefficient suitable for the capacitor with the specification.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the capacitor bank inductance estimation method based on parameter correction is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: set up unit return circuit and charge-discharge experimental apparatus
The equivalent circuit of the unit loop charging and discharging experimental device comprises a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a positive charging power supply, a negative charging power supply, a trigger electrode switch, a measuring end connecting plate, a charging end connecting plate and a Rogowski coil;
one end of the first capacitor is connected with the output of the positive charging power supply through a positive charging branch protection resistor, the other end of the first capacitor is connected with one end of the second capacitor through a measuring end connecting plate and a discharging loop equivalent resistor, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the output of the negative charging power supply through a negative charging branch protection resistor; the trigger electrode switch is arranged between the positive charging power supply and the negative charging power supply through the charging end connecting plate; the Rogowski coil surrounds the outside of the measuring end connecting plate;
the first capacitor and the second capacitor are oppositely arranged side by side to form a capacitor bank, a plurality of partition plates made of insulating materials are arranged between the first capacitor and the second capacitor, and the distance between the first capacitor and the second capacitor can be controlled to be changed within 5 mm-30 mm by changing the number of the partition plates;
step 2: charging a capacitor bank
Applying a charging voltage to the first capacitor and the second capacitor, and gradually increasing the charging voltage from 0 to the gap discharge conduction of the trigger electrode switch;
and step 3: obtaining the measured inductance L of a capacitor bankC
Adjusting the distance between the first capacitor and the second capacitor from 5mm to 30mm step by step, respectively carrying out at least four groups of experiments at different distances, testing N current waveforms as data samples in each group of experiments, and calculating each group of experimentsThe average value of the inductance of the capacitor bank is used as the actually measured inductance L of the experiment setC(ii) a N is more than or equal to 10; single-group experimental capacitor bank actual measurement inductance LCThe acquisition method comprises the following steps:
3.1) calculating the loop inductance L of the charging end connecting plate by adopting Maxwell simulationALoop inductance L of measuring end connecting boardBEstimating the spark path inductance L at the trigger electrode switchD14x, unit nH; x is the spark channel distance in cm;
3.2) measuring N times by using a Rogowski coil and an oscilloscope, measuring N current waveforms of the unit loop, and respectively reading the current oscillation period, the peak values of the first two wave crests and the time points, thereby calculating that the total loop inductance of the unit loop obtained by the N times of measurement is respectively Lm1,Lm2,...,LmN；
3.3) calculating the inductances of the capacitor banks of the current bank experiment respectively as follows:
LC1＝Lm1-(LA+LB+LD),
LC2＝Lm2-(LA+LB+LD),
…
LCN＝LmN-(LA+LB+LD)；
3.4) calculating the actually measured inductance L of the current group experimentC：
And 4, step 4: calculating equivalent calculated value L of capacitor bank inductancef
According to the theoretical calculation formula of the strip transmission line inductance:
and order
Wherein: l is the length of the strip line, w is the width of the strip line, d is the inner side distance of the strip line, mu0Is a vacuum magnetic conductivity;
in the above formula, assuming that the capacitor bank is equivalent to a plate located in the middle layer, d is h + j, where h is the height of a single capacitor and j is the distance between two capacitors; calculating to obtain an equivalent calculated value L of the inductance of the capacitor bank under the at least four groups of different distances in the step 3 according to the formulaf；
And 5: obtaining the correction coefficient alpha of the capacitor thickness
Obtaining the actually measured inductance L according to the at least four groups of experiments in the step 3CEquivalent calculated value L of the corresponding capacitor bank inductance obtained in the step 4fPerforming comparison fitting, and obtaining a correction coefficient alpha of the capacitor thickness when the absolute values of the inductance estimation errors of the first capacitor and the second capacitor are within the design precision requirement through trial and error;
step 6: calculating corrected capacitor bank inductance L'f
Substituting d-alpha h + j into the theoretical calculation formula of the strip transmission line inductance, and solving the corrected capacitor bank inductance L'f。
Further, the trigger electrode switch in the step 1 comprises two M3 screws installed at an opposite interval, and the nail head of each M3 screw is ground and then fixed on the charging end connecting plate at an opposite interval through a nut, so that the trigger electrode switch is formed.
Further, in step 2, the output of one of the charging power supplies is set to be constant, and then the output of the other charging power supply is slowly increased until the electrode switch is triggered to be on by discharging.
Further, 6 sets of experiments are performed in step 3, and the distances between the two capacitors corresponding to the 6 sets of experiments are 5mm, 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm and 30mm respectively.
Further, in step 3, N is 20.
Further, the material of the measuring end connecting plate and the charging end connecting plate in the step 1 is 304 stainless steel, and the thickness of the measuring end connecting plate and the charging end connecting plate is 1 mm.
Further, the measuring end connecting plate and the charging end connecting plate in the step 1 are provided with strip waist-shaped holes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention designs and builds a charging and discharging experimental device of a unit loop, obtains the current waveform of loop discharging by using a Rogowski coil and an oscilloscope, and calculates the total loop inductance of the capacitor with the specification under the condition of a specific distance according to the waveform. On the other hand, in a Maxwell environment, the inductance of the connecting conductor plate is obtained through electromagnetic field simulation, the spark channel inductance at the electrode is obtained through calculation according to an empirical formula, and the inductance of the conductor plate and the spark channel inductance are deducted by the total inductance of the loop, so that the measured value of the inductance of the capacitor bank is obtained. The correction coefficient of the original calculation formula is obtained by comparing and fitting the measured values of the capacitors with the same specification under different spacing conditions with the calculated value based on the stripline inductance calculation formula. By using the method, specific correction parameter values are given for capacitors with typical capacity specifications, and the estimation accuracy of the corrected calculation formula is remarkably improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a unit circuit charge and discharge experimental apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a comparison of the accuracy of the inductance estimation method provided by the present invention with the original method (60 nF).
In fig. 1, 1 is a positive charging power supply, 2 is a negative charging power supply, 3 is a trigger electrode switch, 4 is a first capacitor (positive charging), 5 is a second capacitor (negative charging), 6 is a discharging circuit equivalent resistor, 7 is a rogowski coil, 8 is a measuring end connecting plate, 9 is a charging end connecting plate, 10 is a positive charging branch protection resistor, and 11 is a negative charging branch protection resistor.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
In this embodiment, a capacitor group constituted by two capacitors (respectively referred to as the first capacitor 4 and the second capacitor 5) each having a rectangular insulating material case as a basic structure, a metal film laminated winding form inside the case, an insulating oil seal, a nominal capacitance value of 60nF, and dimensional parameters of l (length) 255mm, w (width) 154mm, and h (height) 62mm is taken as an example to be evaluated.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the implementation of this embodiment is as follows:
step 1: set up unit return circuit and charge-discharge experimental apparatus
Assembling a unit loop charge-discharge experimental device, and connecting a charging cable and a current measuring cable; an equivalent circuit of the unit loop charging and discharging experimental device is shown in fig. 1 and comprises a first capacitor 4, a second capacitor 5, a positive charging power supply 1, a negative charging power supply 2, a trigger electrode switch 3, a measuring end connecting plate 8, a charging end connecting plate 9 (two sections are provided, one section is fixed, and the other section can be adjusted in length through a waist-shaped hole) and a rogowski coil 7; one end of the first capacitor 4 is connected with the output of the positive charging power supply 1 through a positive charging branch protection resistor 10, the other end of the first capacitor 4 is connected with one end of the second capacitor 5 through a measuring end connecting plate 8 and a discharging loop equivalent resistor 6, and the other end of the second capacitor 5 is connected with the output of the negative charging power supply 2 through a negative charging branch protection resistor 11; the trigger electrode switch 3 is arranged between the positive charging power supply 1 and the negative charging power supply 2 through a charging end connecting plate 9; the Rogowski coil 7 is surrounded outside a measuring end connecting plate 8 (two sections are provided, one section is fixed, and the other section can adjust the length through a waist-shaped hole).
Wherein:
the first capacitor 4 and the second capacitor 5 are arranged oppositely and side by side to form a capacitor bank, a bracket for fixing the first capacitor 4 and the second capacitor 5 and a plurality of clapboards for adjusting the distance between the first capacitor 4 and the second capacitor 5 are also designed in the experimental device, the bracket and the clapboards are made of nylon (or other insulating materials), and the thickness of a single clapboard is 5mm (or other values). The spacers are arranged between the first capacitor 4 and the second capacitor 5, the distance between the first capacitor 4 and the second capacitor 5 is initially 5mm, and the distance between the first capacitor 4 and the second capacitor 5 can be controlled to vary from 5mm to 30mm by varying the number of spacers between the first capacitor 4 and the second capacitor 5.
The positive charging power supply 1 and the negative charging power supply 2 are respectively +/-100 kV direct-current power supplies, the positive charging power supply 1 is used for positively charging the first capacitor 4, and the negative charging power supply 2 is used for negatively charging the second capacitor 5; during the experiment, the output of one of the charging power supplies is generally set to be constant, and then the output of the other charging power supply is slowly increased until the electrode switch 3 is triggered to be discharged and conducted.
The trigger electrode switch 3 comprises two M3 screws which are oppositely arranged at intervals, and the nail head of each M3 screw is ground and then is respectively fixed on two sections of the charging end connecting plate 9 through nuts to form the trigger electrode switch 3. The electrode gap of the trigger electrode switch 3 is about 1mm, so that the breakdown voltage of the electrode is less than 10 kV. In other embodiments, the trigger electrode switch 3 may also adopt other existing structural forms.
The Rogowski coil 7 is an electronic device for measuring transient current by using an electromagnetic induction principle, the device surrounds the outside of the measuring end connecting plate 8, and an oscilloscope collects current waveform signals of a unit loop through the Rogowski coil 7; the total inductance of the unit circuit can be calculated by an analytical method according to the waveform characteristics of the current waveform signal.
The material of measuring end connecting plate 8, the end connecting plate 9 that charges is 304 stainless steel, and thickness is 1mm, all is provided with rectangular waist shape hole on measuring end connecting plate 8, the end connecting plate 9 that charges to have the length adjustment ability of certain limit, make connecting plate length can be along with between first condenser 4 and the second condenser 5 interval change and do corresponding regulation.
Step 2: charging a capacitor bank
Applying a charging voltage to the first capacitor 4 and the second capacitor 5, wherein the voltage is not too high, the discharging gap of the trigger electrode switch 3 is about 1mm, the breakdown voltage is about 3kV, and the charging voltage is gradually increased from 0 to the gap of the trigger electrode switch 3 for discharging conduction;
and step 3: obtaining the measured inductance L of a capacitor bankC
The distance between the first capacitor 4 and the second capacitor 5 is adjusted from 5mm to 3 step by step0mm, respectively carrying out at least 4 groups of experiments, carrying out 6 groups of experiments in this embodiment (the distances between two capacitors corresponding to the 6 groups of experiments are respectively 5mm, 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm and 30mm, in other embodiments, other distance values can be selected), testing 20 current waveforms as data samples in each group of experiments, calculating the average value of the inductance of the capacitor group of the group of experiments as the actually measured inductance L of the group of experimentsC(ii) a Inductance L actually measured by each group of experimentsCThe following description will only take the example that the distance between the first capacitor 4 and the second capacitor 5 is 5mm as an example to illustrate the actually measured inductance LCThe obtaining method comprises the following steps:
3.1) calculating the loop inductance L of the charging end connecting plate 9 by adopting Maxwell simulationALoop inductance L of measuring end connecting plate 8BEstimating the spark path inductance L at the trigger electrode switch 3D14x (nh), where x is the spark channel distance (in cm);
3.2) measuring 20 current waveforms of the unit loop by using a Rogowski coil and an oscilloscope, and respectively reading the current oscillation period, the peak value of the first two wave crests and the time point, thereby calculating that the total loop inductance of the unit loop obtained by 20 times of tests is respectively Lm1,Lm2,...,Lm20；
3.3) calculating the inductances of the capacitor banks of the current bank experiment respectively as follows:
LC1＝Lm1-(LA+LB+LD),
LC2＝Lm2-(LA+LB+LD),
…
LC20＝Lm20-(LA+LB+LD)；
3.4) calculating the actually measured inductance L of the current group experimentC：
And 4, step 4: calculating equivalent calculated value L of capacitor bank inductancef
According to belt typeTheoretical calculation formula of transmission line inductance:
and order
Wherein l is the length of the strip line, w is the width of the strip line, d is the inner side distance of the strip line, mu0Is a vacuum magnetic permeability.
In the above equation, assuming that the capacitor bank is equivalent to a plate located in the middle layer ("middle layer assumption"), d is h + j, where h is the height of a single capacitor and j is the spacing between two capacitors. Calculating the equivalent calculated value L of the capacitor group inductance according to the formulaf(6 sets of experiments correspond to two capacitor spacings, each calculated only once).
And 5: obtaining the correction coefficient alpha of the capacitor thickness
Considering that the internal structure of the first capacitor 4 and the second capacitor 5 is a winding body of a plurality of metal thin strips, the size parameters and winding manner of the capacitors with different specifications may be different, and thus the "interlayer assumption" for capacitor inductance estimation does not have general applicability. Thus, the capacitor thickness is coefficient corrected here, and the equivalent plate pitch is considered to be the sum of the pitch between two capacitors and the corrected capacitor thickness, i.e., d ═ α h + j, where α is the correction coefficient. L according to the 6 above-mentioned experimentsCAnd L corresponding theretofThe values are compared and fitted, and after trial and error, when alpha is 0.93 for the 60nF capacitor, the absolute value of the inductance estimation error can be controlled within 2%, and the calculation precision is greatly improved compared with that of a formula before correction, as shown in fig. 2, the method provided by the invention is proved to be capable of effectively improving the inductance estimation precision.
Step 6: calculating corrected capacitor bank inductance L'f
D ═ α h + j, α ═ 0.93 is introduced into theoretical calculation formula of strip transmission line inductance, and then the solution is obtainedCorrected capacitor bank inductance L'f。
Claims (7)
1. The capacitor bank inductance estimation method based on parameter correction is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: set up unit return circuit and charge-discharge experimental apparatus
The equivalent circuit of the unit loop charging and discharging experimental device comprises a first capacitor (4), a second capacitor (5), a positive charging power supply (1), a negative charging power supply (2), a trigger electrode switch (3), a measuring end connecting plate (8), a charging end connecting plate (9) and a Rogowski coil (7);
one end of the first capacitor (4) is connected with the output of the positive charging power supply (1) through a positive charging branch protection resistor (10), the other end of the first capacitor (4) is connected with one end of the second capacitor (5) through a measuring end connecting plate (8) and a discharging loop equivalent resistor (6), and the other end of the second capacitor (5) is connected with the output of the negative charging power supply (2) through a negative charging branch protection resistor (11); the trigger electrode switch (3) is arranged between the positive charging power supply (1) and the negative charging power supply (2) through a charging end connecting plate (9); the Rogowski coil (7) surrounds the outside of the measuring end connecting plate (8);
the first capacitor (4) and the second capacitor (5) are arranged side by side oppositely to form a capacitor bank, a plurality of partition plates made of insulating materials are arranged between the first capacitor (4) and the second capacitor (5), and the distance between the first capacitor (4) and the second capacitor (5) can be controlled to be changed between 5mm and 30mm by changing the number of the partition plates;
step 2: charging a capacitor bank
Applying a charging voltage to the first capacitor (4) and the second capacitor (5), and gradually increasing the charging voltage from 0 to the gap discharge conduction of the trigger electrode switch (3);
and step 3: obtaining the measured inductance L of a capacitor bankC
Adjusting the distance between the first capacitor (4) and the second capacitor (5) from 5mm to 30mm step by step, respectively carrying out at least four groups of experiments at different distances, testing N current waveforms as data samples in each group of experiments, and calculating the average value of the inductance of the capacitor group in each group of experiments as the average valueActually measured inductance L of group experimentC(ii) a N is more than or equal to 10; single-group experimental capacitor bank actual measurement inductance LCThe acquisition method comprises the following steps:
3.1) calculating the loop inductance L of the charging end connecting plate (9) by adopting Maxwell simulationALoop inductance L of measuring end connecting plate (8)BEstimating the spark channel inductance L at the trigger electrode switch (3)D14x, unit nH; x is the spark channel distance in cm;
3.2) measuring N times by using a Rogowski coil and an oscilloscope, measuring N current waveforms of the unit loop, and respectively reading the current oscillation period, the peak values of the first two wave crests and the time points, thereby calculating that the total loop inductance of the unit loop obtained by the N times of measurement is respectively Lm1,Lm2,...,LmN；
3.3) calculating the inductances of the capacitor banks of the current bank experiment respectively as follows:
LC1＝Lm1-(LA+LB+LD),
LC2＝Lm2-(LA+LB+LD),
…
LCN＝LmN-(LA+LB+LD)；
3.4) calculating the actually measured inductance L of the current group experimentC：
And 4, step 4: calculating equivalent calculated value L of capacitor bank inductancef
According to the theoretical calculation formula of the strip transmission line inductance:
and order
Wherein: l is the length of the strip transmission line, w is the width of the strip transmission line, d is the inner side distance of the strip transmission line, mu0Is a vacuum magnetic conductivity;
in the above formula, assuming that the capacitor bank is equivalent to a plate located in the middle layer, d is h + j, where h is the height of a single capacitor and j is the distance between two capacitors; calculating to obtain an equivalent calculated value L of the inductance of the capacitor bank under the at least four groups of different distances in the step 3 according to the formulaf；
And 5: obtaining the correction coefficient alpha of the capacitor thickness
Obtaining the actually measured inductance L according to the at least four groups of experiments in the step 3CEquivalent calculated value L of the corresponding capacitor bank inductance obtained in the step 4fCarrying out comparison fitting, and obtaining a correction coefficient alpha of the capacitor thickness when the absolute value of the inductance estimation errors of the first capacitor (4) and the second capacitor (5) is within the design precision requirement through trial and error;
step 6: calculating corrected capacitor bank inductance L'f
Substituting d-alpha h + j into the theoretical calculation formula of the strip transmission line inductance, and solving the corrected capacitor bank inductance L'f。
2. The method for estimating the inductance of a capacitor bank based on parameter correction according to claim 1, wherein: the trigger electrode switch (3) in the step 1 comprises two M3 screws which are oppositely arranged at intervals, and the nail head of each M3 screw is ground and then is oppositely fixed on the charging end connecting plate (9) at intervals through a nut to form the trigger electrode switch (3).
3. The method for estimating the inductance of a capacitor bank based on parameter correction according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step 2, the output of one charging power supply is set to be constant, and then the output of the other charging power supply is slowly increased until the electrode switch (3) is triggered to be discharged and conducted.
4. The method for estimating the inductance of a capacitor bank based on parameter correction according to claim 3, wherein: and 3, carrying out 6 groups of experiments in step 3, wherein the distances between the two capacitors corresponding to the 6 groups of experiments are respectively 5mm, 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm and 30 mm.
5. The method for estimating the inductance of a capacitor bank based on parameter correction according to claim 4, wherein: in step 3, N is 20.
6. The method for estimating the inductance of a capacitor bank based on parameter correction according to claim 5, wherein: the material of the measuring end connecting plate (8) and the charging end connecting plate (9) in the step 1 is 304 stainless steel, and the thickness of the measuring end connecting plate and the charging end connecting plate is 1 mm.
7. The method for estimating the inductance of a capacitor bank based on parameter correction according to claim 6, wherein: and in the step 1, strip waist-shaped holes are formed in the measuring end connecting plate (8) and the charging end connecting plate (9).
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| CN1276103A (en) * | 1997-10-15 | 2000-12-06 | 摩托罗拉公司 | Dual band voltage controlled oscillator |
| CN102714465A (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2012-10-03 | 理想能量转换器有限公司 | Power transfer devices, methods, and systems with crowbar switch shunting energy-transfer reactance |
| CN103792433A (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2014-05-14 | 国家电网公司 | Measuring method using spark coefficient for correcting low-amplitude value impact resistance of tower grounding device |
| JP2014222994A (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2014-11-27 | 東光株式会社 | Wireless power transmission device |
| CN105652160A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2016-06-08 | 武陟县电业总公司 | Method for calculating lightning stroke impact characteristics of electric power equipment lightning protection grounding body |
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2020
- 2020-03-04 CN CN202010143199.9A patent/CN111308222B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1276103A (en) * | 1997-10-15 | 2000-12-06 | 摩托罗拉公司 | Dual band voltage controlled oscillator |
| CN102714465A (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2012-10-03 | 理想能量转换器有限公司 | Power transfer devices, methods, and systems with crowbar switch shunting energy-transfer reactance |
| JP2014222994A (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2014-11-27 | 東光株式会社 | Wireless power transmission device |
| CN103792433A (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2014-05-14 | 国家电网公司 | Measuring method using spark coefficient for correcting low-amplitude value impact resistance of tower grounding device |
| CN105652160A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2016-06-08 | 武陟县电业总公司 | Method for calculating lightning stroke impact characteristics of electric power equipment lightning protection grounding body |
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