CN106199354A - Insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness and flash-over characteristic method of testing - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness and flash-over characteristic method of testing.The method applies lifting test principle method and applied voltage test method by primary processor and image acquisition.The method can obtain lightning impulse 50% discharge voltage of insulator chain parallel connection gaps, lightning impulse volt-second characteristic and effective, ineffectiveness simultaneously, and then strengthens the parallel connection gaps effective application in power transmission line lightning shielding protects.

Description

Insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness and flash-over characteristic method of testing

[technical field]

The present invention relates to field tests, particularly relate to a kind of insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness and electric discharge spy Property method of testing.

[background technology]

So far, thunderbolt remains harm transmission line of electricity safe operation, affects the key factor of electrical network reliable power supply.With Constantly promoting of Power grid structure and extensively applying, if circuit can overlap after suffering lightning stroke trip of automatic reclosing technology Lock success, then less on grid stability impact, do not result in customer power supply and interrupt.In insulator chain two ends parallel connection pair of electrodes Constitute discharging gap, with automatic reclosing with the use of, when thunderbolt occurs, it is the most electric that insulator chain two ends produce the highest thunder and lightning Pressure, owing to the lightning impulse flashover voltage of parallel connection gaps is less than the lightning impulse flashover voltage of insulator chain, therefore parallel connection gaps First discharging, flashover arc is under the effect of electric power and thermal stress, and its two ends are directed to corresponding electrode tip and are fixed on The air gap that electrode tip, middle electric arc section gap in parallel are constituted forms discharge channel, and final by electric power edge Electrode tip blows open, dissipates, thus protects insulator chain to avoid by flash burn generation permanent fault, though there being lightning stroke flashover, But being transient fault, reclosing can be successful.

Insulator chain parallel connection gaps simple in construction, easy for installation, operation maintenance workload is little and Financial cost is low, except protection Insulator chain is avoided by broken by lightning, is improved outside automatic reclosing success rate, also has uniform power frequency when circuit is properly functioning The effect of electric field, is the most also easy to form multiple-loop line differential transmission circuit insulation configuration, effectively reduces multi-circuit lines on the same tower thunderbolt With jumping fault rate, it is widely applied in China's transmission line of electricity lightning protection in recent years, and defines power industry standard DL/T 1293-2013 " exchange overhead transmission line insulator parallel connection gaps uses directive/guide ".This directive/guide is exhausted to transmission line of alternation current The using method of edge substring parallel connection gaps, technology require and the related content such as experimental examination, operation maintenance has been described in detail, And give 110kV, 220kV and 500kV overhead transmission line insulator chain parallel connection gaps electrode recommendation physical dimension and representative configuration Structure.But applicant finds in the actual motion maintenance work of transmission line of electricity scene, although requiring to be mounted with to recommend according to directive/guide The insulator chain parallel connection gaps of physical dimension and contour structures, but when there is the inspection of lightning stroke trip laggard row line fault, still So find there is arc discharge vestige on insulator chain surface, show that parallel connection gaps does not effectively dredge electric arc completely in insulation Flashover in the air gap that substring two end electrodes is formed, but occur in that the situation along insulator chain dielectric surface flashover.Meanwhile, application People also finds in transmission circuit insulator string parallel connection gaps lightning impulse test research process, tests electric arc the most every time Flashover in the air gap that electrode is formed, has part test to be implicitly present in the phenomenon along insulator chain dielectric surface flashover all completely, Thus confirmed parallel connection gaps in transmission line of electricity actual moving process and dredged electric arc inefficacy, on insulator chain surface, flashover occur The situation of spark tracking.Applicant also finds during experimental study, occurs between parallel connection under different lightning impulse voltage amplitudes Gap lost efficacy, electric arc is different along the probability of insulator chain dielectric surface flashover, under different parallel connection gaps geometric structure diamete failure probability with Failure properties between lightning impulse voltage amplitude is the most different.

Insulator chain and insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse 50% discharge voltage U_50%And lightning impulse volt-second characteristic (V-s) curve is by the important evidence of power transmission line parallel-connection clearance lightning-proof Insulation Coordination, the most different parallel connection gaps geometry knots Under structure size, the failure properties between failure probability and lightning impulse voltage amplitude is also for improving the inefficacy of parallel connection gaps lightning impulse In starting voltage, reduction actual moving process, parallel connection gaps failure probability, effectively protection insulator chain avoid thunderbolt to cause forever Property fault provide scientific basis.At present about lightning impulse 50% discharge voltage U_50%And lightning impulse volt-second characteristic (V-s) test Method is carried out in China standard GB/T 16927.1-1997 " high-voltage test techniques Part I: ordinary test requires " Describe in detail, but less about the electric discharge failure properties research of parallel connection gaps lightning impulse, and only applicant was on May 31st, 2014 Publish at " High-Voltage Technology " magazine volume 40 the 5th phase 1365-1373 page " High aititude Horn on Long Insulator String parallel connection gaps thunder and lightning Impulsive discharge characteristic and ineffectiveness " literary composition, the lightning impulse failure probability to high altitude localities Horn on Long Insulator String parallel connection gaps Carry out preliminary study, but be formed without insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness and the test of flash-over characteristic integration Method, its parallel connection gaps leads arc failure probability and flash-over characteristic test is independently carried out, and there is repeated labor, time-consuming long and Cost of labor is high, and inefficiency also increases the loss to testing equipments such as impulse voltage generators, and the equipment that shortens uses the longevity Life.

[summary of the invention]

Invent to be solved technical problem is that: exist ineffectiveness for current insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse Problem, it may be assumed that the power frequency arc that lightning stroke flashover is formed after occurring is not away from insulator chain surface, not at parallel connection gaps upper/lower electrode Between combustion synthesis in air, but in insulator chain surface combustion, lose parallel connection gaps and dredge the effect of power frequency arc, propose A kind of insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness and flash-over characteristic method of testing.

For reaching object defined above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that a kind of insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse has Effect property and flash-over characteristic method of testing, comprise the following steps:

(1) primary processor controls impulse voltage generator test insulator chain parallel connection gaps according to lifting and lowering method test philosophy, Obtain insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse 50% discharge voltage U_50%, in lifting process, impulse voltage generator voltage is arranged Maximum be designated as U_m；

(2) every for impulse voltage generator step voltage is set to U by primary processor₁=(U_m+△U₁), the thunder and lightning now produced Surge voltage amplitude is more than U_50%, insulator chain parallel connection gaps equal flashover when described lightning impulse voltage amplitude makes every Secondary Shocks , carry out n times impact, 5≤N≤10；Breakdown time during the every Secondary Shocks of primary processor record and voltage peak, for insulator Data point in curve tail in the case of the lightning impulse voltage-time curve low lightning impulse voltage amplitude of offer of connection in series-parallel gap；

(3) every for impulse voltage generator step voltage is set to U by primary processor₂=(U₁+△U₂), described △ U₂More than △ U₁, primary processor controlling impulse voltage generator and carries out M/2 Secondary Shocks, if there is failure conditions, then carrying out M/2 Secondary Shocks, U₂Carrying out M test under voltage altogether, M is the even number more than 20；If no-failure situation occurs, described impulse voltage generator continues High U of continuing rising₂Voltage is to U₃=(U₂+△U₂), then carry out M/2 test, by that analogy until there is failure conditions, record is lost Impulse voltage generator every step voltage value when effect situation occurs is U_s0, obtain first failpoint P₁；Test is both needed to note every time Record breakdown time, voltage peak and arc flash channel case；

(4) it is U in impulse voltage generator every step voltage value_s0Under M time test in, if only 1 time parallel connection gaps leads arc Lost efficacy, then reduced △ U₂, every for impulse voltage generator step voltage is set to U_s1=(U_s0+△U₃) wherein, △ U₃＜ △ U₂, enter M test of row, records breakdown time, voltage peak and parallel connection gaps and leads effective, the failure conditions of arc, obtain second failpoint P₂；Continue to raise U_s1Magnitude of voltage is to U_s2=(U_s1+△U₃), carry out M test and obtain the 3rd failpoint P₃, the most at least Obtain three parallel connection gaps failpoints and make its failure probability more than 50%, recording the last survey that surge voltage amplitude is the highest Impulse voltage generator every step voltage value when examination and parallel connection gaps failure probability are more than 50% is U_sn；

(5) if impulse voltage generator every step voltage value is U_snUnder M time test in arcing time occurred at wave head, then U_snThe breakdown voltage of lower record and be insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse voltage-time curve breakdown time at high thunder and lightning The initial data point of curve head during wave head flashover in the case of surge voltage amplitude；If U_snUnder M time test in arcing time exist Wave rear, then continue to raise U_snMagnitude of voltage is to U_t=(U_sn+△U₄), wherein, △ U₄More than △ U₃, carry out n times test, obtain parallel connection The initial data point of curve head during the voltage-time curve wave head flashover of gap；

(6) it is U in impulse voltage generator every step voltage value_s0Under M time test in, if occur parallel connection gaps lead arc lost efficacy Number of times more than M/2 time, then reduce U_s0, every for impulse voltage generator step voltage value is set to U_s1'=(U_s0-△ U₃), enter M test of row, records breakdown time, voltage peak and parallel connection gaps and leads effective, the failure conditions of arc, obtain second failpoint P₂；Continue to reduce U_s1' magnitude of voltage to U_s2'=(U_s1'-△ U₃), carry out M test and obtain the 3rd failpoint P₃, at least obtain Three parallel connection gaps failpoints and make its failure probability less than 10%；

(7) if impulse voltage generator every step voltage value is U_s0Under M time test in arcing time occurred at wave head, then U_s0The breakdown voltage of lower record and the initial data point of curve head when being voltage-time curve wave head flashover breakdown time；If U_s0Under M time test in arcing time in wave rear, then continue raise U_s0Magnitude of voltage is to U_t'=(U_s0+△U₄), carry out n times test, Obtain the initial data point of curve head during parallel connection gaps voltage-time curve wave head flashover；

(8) it is U in impulse voltage generator every step voltage value_s0Under M time test in, if occur parallel connection gaps lead arc lost efficacy Number of times between 2～M/2 time, first reduce according to (6th) step, the method for (4th) step the most respectively and increase impulse voltage generator afterwards Every step voltage value U_s0Test, obtain other failpoints of parallel connection gaps；Method according still further to (5th) step obtains parallel connection gaps volt The initial data point of curve head during second characteristic curve wave head flashover.

First preferred version of the present invention is, also includes the image picking-up apparatus being connected with primary processor, and described image is clapped Taking the photograph the arc flash channel case of insulator chain parallel connection gaps described in monitoring of equipment, described primary processor is according to described arc flash Channel case acquisition insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse is led arc and effectively or was lost efficacy.

Second preferred version of the present invention is: arc flash passage is all the time through electrode on parallel connection gaps and bottom electrode shape Do not contact any position of insulator chain body in the air gap become, then to lead arc effective for parallel connection gaps lightning impulse.

3rd preferred version of the present invention is: arc flash passage head end arc root and end arc root lay respectively at parallel connection gaps On upper electrode and bottom electrode, but mid portion electric arc section is along insulator chain dielectric surface flashover；Or flashover arc one end arc root is positioned at electricity Extremely going up, other end arc root is positioned at insulator chain root or along SI semi-insulation substring flashover to its root；Or electric arc entirely without Flashover in the air gap that upper electrode and bottom electrode are formed but all electric arc is along insulator chain dielectric surface flashover；Occur above-mentioned three kinds Any one of situation is parallel connection gaps lightning impulse and leads arc inefficacy.

4th preferred version of the present invention is, insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse leads arc failure probability and Effective Probability Computing formula respectively as follows:

$\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{\η}}_S=\frac{C_S}{M}& {\mathrm{\η}}_Y=\frac{C_Y}{M}\end{array}$

In formula: M by arranging the total testing time carried out in the case of value is determined at the every step voltage of impulse voltage generator； C_SThe number of times that arc lost efficacy is led for parallel connection gaps in M test；C_YThe effective number of times of arc is led for parallel connection gaps in M test；η_SFor Under this lightning impulse voltage amplitude, insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse leads arc failure probability；η_YFor at this lightning impulse voltage Under amplitude, insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse leads arc Effective Probability, and has: C_S+C_Y=M, η_S+η_Y=1, described calculating is by leading Processor completes.

5th preferred version of the present invention is, described primary processor is according to insulator chain under different lightning impulse voltage amplitudes Parallel connection gaps leads failure probability and the Effective Probability of arc, draws parallel connection gaps and leads arc failure probability and Effective Probability with lightning impulse The variation characteristic that voltage magnitude raises.

6th preferred version of the present invention is, described primary processor is according to the different every step voltages of lightning impulse voltage generator The breakdown voltage of record under value is set and draws insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse voltage-time curve breakdown time.

The present invention can reach following technique effect: insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse is led arc effectively, inefficacy sentences Disconnected is to shoot the arc flash PASS VIDEO of record, view data as foundation with high-speed camera instrument or camera, and parallel connection gaps leads arc Effectively, inefficacy judges that evidence is abundant, conclusive；Arc video, view data is led, with flashover arc in discharge process based on parallel connection gaps The most all the time through in the air gap that electrode on parallel connection gaps is formed with bottom electrode and not contact insulator chain body any It is the most effective to judge that arc is led in gap that position is criterion, meets essential attribute and the requirement of parallel connection gaps lightning protection.Meanwhile, identical Lead, with parallel connection gaps, the ratio that the effective degree of arc, Failure count are shared in total testing time respectively under lightning impulse voltage amplitude Example is defined as its gap under this lightning impulse voltage amplitude and leads Effective Probability and the failure probability of arc, the biggest institute of total testing time Parallel connection gaps leads the Effective Probability of arc and failure probability is the most accurate, in theory, when total testing time tends to infinity Obtain parallel connection gaps under this lightning impulse voltage amplitude, lead Effective Probability and the failure probability essential attribute of arc, change lightning impulse Voltage magnitude parallel connection gaps lightning impulse leads what arc Effective Probability and failure probability changed with lightning impulse voltage amplitude Characteristic, thus accurately, science, complete weighed parallel connection gaps dredge under lightning impulse voltage effect electric arc effective, lose Effect characteristic.Interval is set can obtain between insulator chain parallel connection simultaneously by rationally arranging impulse voltage generator every step voltage value Gap lightning impulse 50% discharge voltage, lightning impulse volt-second characteristic and failure probability and Effective Probability are with lightning impulse voltage amplitude Effective, the failure properties raised, it is to avoid reperformance test, can improve availability and the testing efficiency of equipment, reduces and surveys Examination cost, shorten test spent time, reduce human input, it is ensured that test high-quality, efficiently complete.The popularization and application of the present invention, Will effectively help the design of power transmission line parallel-connection clearance lightning-proof and operations staff grasp parallel connection gaps lightning impulse lead arc effectively, Failure properties and flash-over characteristic, determine scientific and rational parallel connection gaps technical parameter, improves parallel connection gaps lightning impulse and lost efficacy Beginning voltage, reduces parallel connection gaps lightning impulse failure probability in actual moving process, and then effectively protection insulator chain avoids thunder Hit and cause permanent fault, improve automatic reclosing success rate, powerful guarantee transmission line of electricity lightning protection safe operation and the stabilization of power grids, Reliable power supply.

These features of the present invention and advantage will be detailed in following detailed description of the invention, accompanying drawing exposure.

[accompanying drawing explanation]

Fig. 1 is insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness and the flash-over characteristic method of testing of the embodiment of the present invention 2 Flow chart.

Fig. 2 is the negative polarity standard lightning impulse electrical voltage full-wave ripple of the impulse voltage generator generation of the embodiment of the present invention 2 Shape figure.

Fig. 3 is the 500kV line insulator string parallel connection gaps design drawing of the embodiment of the present invention 2.

Fig. 4 is the liter of the insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse 50% discharge test charging voltage of the embodiment of the present invention 2 Fall curve chart.

Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b, Fig. 5 c are that to lead arc effective for the middle insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse electric discharge of the embodiment of the present invention 2 Kind.

Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 b, Fig. 6 c, Fig. 6 d, Fig. 6 e are the insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse electric discharges of the embodiment of the present invention 2 Lead the kind that arc lost efficacy.

Fig. 7 is insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse electric discharge wave head flashover voltage oscillogram in the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 a, Fig. 8 b are that the 500kV line insulator string parallel connection gaps lightning impulse of the embodiment of the present invention 2 leads arc inefficacy generally The variation characteristic figure that rate and Effective Probability raise with lightning impulse voltage amplitude.

Fig. 9 is the insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse of the embodiment of the present invention 2 Volt-second characteristic (V-s) curve.

[detailed description of the invention]

The technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention is explained and illustrated by the accompanying drawing below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, but under State embodiment and be only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all.Based on the embodiment in embodiment, those skilled in the art On the premise of not making creative work, obtained other embodiments, broadly fallen into protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment 1.

A kind of insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness and flash-over characteristic method of testing, comprise the following steps:

(1) primary processor controls impulse voltage generator test insulator chain parallel connection gaps according to lifting and lowering method test philosophy, Obtain insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse 50% discharge voltage U_50%, in lifting process, impulse voltage generator voltage is arranged Maximum be designated as U_m；

(2) every for impulse voltage generator step voltage is set to U by primary processor₁=(U_m+△U₁), the thunder and lightning now produced Surge voltage amplitude is more than U_50%, insulator chain parallel connection gaps equal flashover when described lightning impulse voltage amplitude makes every Secondary Shocks , carry out n times impact, 5≤N≤10；Breakdown time during the every Secondary Shocks of primary processor record and voltage peak, for insulator Data point in curve tail in the case of the lightning impulse voltage-time curve low lightning impulse voltage amplitude of offer of connection in series-parallel gap；

(3) every for impulse voltage generator step voltage is set to U by primary processor₂=(U₁+△U₂), described △ U₂More than △ U₁, primary processor controlling impulse voltage generator and carries out M/2 Secondary Shocks, if there is failure conditions, then carrying out M/2 Secondary Shocks, U₂Carrying out M test under voltage altogether, M is the even number more than 20；If no-failure situation occurs, described impulse voltage generator continues High U of continuing rising₂Voltage is to U₃=(U₂+△U₂), then carry out M/2 test, by that analogy until there is failure conditions, record is lost Impulse voltage generator every step voltage value when effect situation occurs is U_s0, obtain first failpoint P₁；Test is both needed to note every time Record breakdown time, voltage peak and arc flash channel case；

(4) it is U in impulse voltage generator every step voltage value_s0Under M time test in, if only 1 time parallel connection gaps leads arc Lost efficacy, then reduced △ U₂, every for impulse voltage generator step voltage is set to U_s1=(U_s0+△U₃) wherein, △ U₃＜ △ U₂, enter M test of row, records breakdown time, voltage peak and parallel connection gaps and leads effective, the failure conditions of arc, obtain second failpoint P₂；Continue to raise U_s1Magnitude of voltage is to U_s2=(U_s1+△U₃), carry out M test and obtain the 3rd failpoint P₃, the most at least Obtain three parallel connection gaps failpoints and make its failure probability more than 50%, recording the last survey that surge voltage amplitude is the highest Impulse voltage generator every step voltage value when examination and parallel connection gaps failure probability are more than 50% is U_sn；

(5) if impulse voltage generator every step voltage value is U_snUnder M time test in arcing time occurred at wave head, then U_snThe breakdown voltage of lower record and be insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse voltage-time curve breakdown time at high thunder and lightning The initial data point of curve head during wave head flashover in the case of surge voltage amplitude；If U_snUnder M time test in arcing time exist Wave rear, then continue to raise U_snMagnitude of voltage is to U_t=(U_sn+△U₄), wherein, △ U₄More than △ U₃, carry out n times test, obtain parallel connection The initial data point of curve head during the voltage-time curve wave head flashover of gap；

(6) it is U in impulse voltage generator every step voltage value_s0Under M time test in, if occur parallel connection gaps lead arc lost efficacy Number of times more than M/2 time, then reduce U_s0, every for impulse voltage generator step voltage value is set to U_s1'=(U_s0-△ U₃), enter M test of row, records breakdown time, voltage peak and parallel connection gaps and leads effective, the failure conditions of arc, obtain second failpoint P₂；Continue to reduce U_s1' magnitude of voltage to U_s2'=(U_s1'-△ U₃), carry out M test and obtain the 3rd failpoint P₃, at least obtain Three parallel connection gaps failpoints and make its failure probability less than 10%；

(7) if impulse voltage generator every step voltage value is U_s0Under M time test in arcing time occurred at wave head, then U_s0The breakdown voltage of lower record and the initial data point of curve head when being voltage-time curve wave head flashover breakdown time；If U_s0Under M time test in arcing time in wave rear, then continue raise U_s0Magnitude of voltage is to U_t'=(U_s0+△U₄), carry out n times test, Obtain the initial data point of curve head during parallel connection gaps voltage-time curve wave head flashover；

(8) it is U in impulse voltage generator every step voltage value_s0Under M time test in, if occur parallel connection gaps lead arc lost efficacy Number of times between 2～M/2 time, first reduce according to (6th) step, the method for (4th) step the most respectively and increase impulse voltage generator afterwards Every step voltage value U_s0Test, obtain other failpoints of parallel connection gaps；Method according still further to (5th) step obtains parallel connection gaps volt The initial data point of curve head during second characteristic curve wave head flashover.

Also including the image picking-up apparatus being connected with primary processor, described image picking-up apparatus monitors described insulator chain also The arc flash channel case in connection gap, it is in parallel that described primary processor obtains insulator chain according to described arc flash channel case Gap lightning impulse is led arc and effectively or was lost efficacy.

Arc flash passage is all the time through in the air gap that electrode on parallel connection gaps is formed with bottom electrode and not contacting Any position of insulator chain body, then to lead arc effective for parallel connection gaps lightning impulse.

Arc flash passage head end arc root and end arc root lay respectively on parallel connection gaps on electrode and bottom electrode, but middle Part electric arc section is along insulator chain dielectric surface flashover；Or flashover arc one end arc root is positioned on electrode, other end arc root is positioned at insulation Substring root or along SI semi-insulation substring flashover to its root；Or electric arc is entirely without the air formed at upper electrode and bottom electrode Flashover in gap but all electric arc is along insulator chain dielectric surface flashover；Occur that any one of above-mentioned three kinds of situations are parallel connection Gap lightning impulse is led arc and was lost efficacy.

The computing formula that insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse leads arc failure probability and Effective Probability is as follows:

$\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{\η}}_S=\frac{C_S}{M}& {\mathrm{\η}}_Y=\frac{C_Y}{M}\end{array}$

In formula: M by arranging the total testing time carried out in the case of value is determined at the every step voltage of impulse voltage generator； C_SThe number of times that arc lost efficacy is led for parallel connection gaps in M test；C_YThe effective number of times of arc is led for parallel connection gaps in M test；η_SFor Under this lightning impulse voltage amplitude, insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse leads arc failure probability；η_YFor at this lightning impulse voltage Under amplitude, insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse leads arc Effective Probability, and has: C_S+C_Y=M, η_S+η_Y=1, described calculating is by leading Processor completes.

Described primary processor leads the failure probability of arc according to insulator chain parallel connection gaps under different lightning impulse voltage amplitudes And Effective Probability, draw parallel connection gaps and lead the change spy that arc failure probability and Effective Probability raise with lightning impulse voltage amplitude Property.

Described primary processor arranges the breakdown voltage of record under value according to the different every step voltages of lightning impulse voltage generator With draw insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse voltage-time curve breakdown time.

Testing time N, M, voltage spaces △ U1, △ U2, △ U3, △ U4 and inefficacy count P all regarding different electric pressure lines The situations such as road insulator chain parallel connection gaps, concrete test request and impulse voltage generator equipment determine.

Embodiment 2.

Such as Fig. 1, a kind of insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness and flash-over characteristic method of testing, start in test Need first to get out test equipment and test product before.500kV line insulator string parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness and thunder and lightning punching Hit 50% discharge voltage U_50%, volt-second characteristic (V-s) integrated testing use 7200kV impulse voltage generator carry out, this impact Voltage generator is formed by 25 grades, and every grade of charging voltage is ± 300kV, and charging capacitor is 3 μ F, the highest produce amplitude for ± The standard lightning impulse electrical voltage full-wave of 7500kV.Potentiometer uses low resistance capacitive divider, intrinsic standoff ratio 4898, measures system warp With country's high-voltage metering station comparison, measure the overall uncertainty of voltage peak in the range of ± 3%.Both meets GB/T The test requirements document of 16927.1-1997 " high-voltage test techniques " standard.The negative polarity standard thunder and lightning that impulse voltage generator produces Surge voltage ripple wave front time T₁It is 1.01 μ s, half-wave time to peak T₂It is 44.18 μ s, such as Fig. 2, negative polarity lightning impulse voltage Test waveform meets the requirement in GB/T 16927.1-1997 " high-voltage test techniques " standard to waveform error.

Based on 500kV circuit practical operation situation, in conjunction with DL/T 1293-2013, " exchange overhead transmission line insulator is also Connection gap uses directive/guide ", test parallel connection gaps high-field electrode uses pipe diameter 50mm, ring radius 200mm, upwarps bending radius The half runway loop configuration of 200mm, material is coating steel pipe, single racket form that low-field electrode uses caliber to be 30mm, material For solid zinc-plated rod iron.Test insulator chain be 28 chip architecture height be the 500kV circuit porcelain insulator of 155mm.

Parallel connection gaps electrode longitudinal design spacing Z takes insulator chain general construction height Z₀85%, i.e. 3689mm, high pressure, Low-pressure end electrode crosses out length designed distance X away from insulator chain centrage_p、X_cIt is respectively 700mm, 550mm.Install also Behind connection gap, longitudinally actual measurement spacing Z is 3700mm, and high pressure, low-pressure end electrode cross out length X_p、X_cMeasured value is respectively 695mm, 545mm, X_p、X_cAnd the error of the measured value of Z and design load is respectively 0.2%, 0.7%, 0.9%.500kV circuit is exhausted Edge substring parallel connection gaps design drawing and actual installation figure such as Fig. 3.

Insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness and flash-over characteristic method of testing specifically include following steps:

(1) lightning impulse 50% discharge voltage U_50%Test and mark according to GB/T 16927.1-1997 " High-Voltage Test Technology " The lifting and lowering method of quasi-regulation carries out 30 Validity Tests and determines.The lifting of 500kV line insulator string parallel connection gaps charging voltage Curve such as Fig. 4, in lifting process, primary processor obtains the maximum U that impulse voltage generator voltage is arranged_mFor 120kV, test Gained insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse 50% discharge voltage U_50%For 2247kV.

(2) △ U is taken₁For 5kV, every for impulse voltage generator step voltage is set to U₁=(U_m+△U₁)=125kV, produces Lightning impulse voltage amplitude relatively U_50%Height, carries out 10 according to insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse volt-second characteristic testing requirement Secondary test, i.e. N=10.Primary processor is set to U every for impulse voltage generator step voltage value₁In the case of=125kV 10 times In test, insulator chain parallel connection gaps all there occurs that lightning impulse flashover discharges, puncturing when primary processor record is tested every time Time and voltage peak, be shown in Table 1, provides low lightning impulse for insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse electric discharge voltage-time curve Data point in curve tail in the case of voltage magnitude.

Table 1

(3) △ U is taken₂For 15kV, failure testing precision effective according to insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse determines test Number of times M is 30 times, i.e. M=30.Every for impulse voltage generator step voltage value is set to U₂=(U₁+△U₂)=140kV, is carried out M/2=15 test, every time test all record breakdown time and voltage peak, and utilize image picking-up apparatus insulator chain in parallel Gap lightning impulse electric discharge flashover passage is taken pictures.It is set to U at the every step voltage of impulse voltage generator₂=140kV situation Under 15 times test in, by primary processor analyze image picking-up apparatus record insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse discharge Arc flash channel case finds, during 15 electric discharges, flashover arc passage is the most all the time through on parallel connection gaps In the air gap that electrode and bottom electrode are formed, and be all not in contact with any position of insulator chain body, i.e. insulator chain is in parallel Gap is set to U at the every step voltage of impulse voltage generator₂It is the most effective that lightning impulse in the case of=140kV leads arc.Tested In journey, the effective photo of arc such as Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b, Fig. 5 c are led in the electric discharge of insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse.

(4) continue to raise U₂Voltage is to U₃=(U₂+△U₂)=155kV, then carry out 15 tests, primary processor record hits Wearing time, voltage peak and insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse electric discharge flashover passage, the electric discharge of parallel connection gaps lightning impulse is led Arc is still effective, does not occur that electric arc occurs situation about losing efficacy along insulator chain dielectric surface flashover.Continue to raise U₃Voltage is to U₄= (U₃+△U₂)=170kV, then carry out 15 tests, between primary processor record breakdown time, voltage peak and insulator chain parallel connection Gap lightning impulse electric discharge flashover passage, parallel connection gaps lightning impulse electric discharge 1 electric arc of appearance is along the feelings of insulator chain dielectric surface flashover Condition, leads arc and lost efficacy；It is set to U at the every step voltage of impulse voltage generator₄15 tests are carried out again in the case of=170kV, Primary processor record breakdown time, voltage peak and insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse electric discharge flashover passage, at these 15 times Do not occur during electric discharge that parallel connection gaps leads arc failure conditions；That is, it is set at the every step voltage of impulse voltage generator U₄Only there occurs that a parallel connection gaps leads arc failure conditions in 30 tests carried out in the case of=170kV, primary processor remembers this Time impulse voltage generator every step voltage value be U_s0=U₄=170kV, obtains first failpoint P₁。

(5) failpoint P₁The lightning impulse voltage of lower failure probability and correspondence thereof calculates.Due to the voltage generator that is hit The impact of efficiency, is set to U at the every step voltage of impulse voltage generator₄In 30 tests carried out in the case of=170kV every time The produced lightning impulse voltage amplitude of test has slight change, takes the meansigma methods of 30 lightning impulse voltage amplitudes of generation As failpoint P₁Under lightning impulse voltage value U₁=3320kV.Primary processor is according to insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse The computing formula leading arc failure probability and Effective Probability is as follows:

$\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{\η}}_S=\frac{C_S}{M}\×100\%& {\mathrm{\η}}_Y=\frac{C_Y}{M}\×100\%\end{array}$

In formula: M by the every step voltage of impulse voltage generator arrange value fixed in the case of total testing time of being carried out, M=30；C_SThe number of times that arc lost efficacy, C is led for parallel connection gaps in M test_S=1；C_YArc is led effective for parallel connection gaps in M test Number of times, C_Y=29；η_SArc failure probability is led for insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse under this lightning impulse voltage amplitude； η_YArc Effective Probability is led for insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse under this lightning impulse voltage amplitude.And have: C_S+C_Y=M, η_S+η_Y=1.

Then to failpoint P₁, at lightning impulse voltage U₁In the case of=3320kV, insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse Lead arc failure probability η_S1And Effective Probability η_Y1It is respectively as follows:

$\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{\η}}_{S1}=\frac{C_S}{M}\×100\%=\frac{1}{30}\×100\%=3.3\%& {\mathrm{\η}}_{Y1}=\frac{C_Y}{M}\×100\%=\frac{29}{30}\×100\%=96.7\%\end{array}$

(6) △ U is reduced₂, take △ U₃For 10kV, every for impulse voltage generator step voltage is set to U by primary processor_s1= (U_s0+△U₃)=180kV, carries out 30 tests, and primary processor record breakdown time, voltage peak and parallel connection gaps lead having of arc Effect, failure conditions, obtain second failpoint P₂.With failpoint P₁The lightning impulse voltage of lower failure probability and correspondence thereof calculates, To failpoint P₂, at lightning impulse voltage U₂In the case of=3642kV, insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse is led arc and was lost efficacy general Rate η_S2And Effective Probability η_Y2It is respectively as follows:

$\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{\η}}_{S2}=\frac{C_S}{M}\×100\%=\frac{4}{30}\×100\%=13.3\%& {\mathrm{\η}}_{Y2}=\frac{C_Y}{M}\×100\%=\frac{26}{30}\×100\%=86.7\%\end{array}$

(7) every for impulse voltage generator step voltage is set to U by primary processor_s2=(U_s1+△U₃)=190kV, carries out 30 Secondary test, records breakdown time, voltage peak and parallel connection gaps and leads effective, the failure conditions of arc, obtain the 3rd failpoint P₃。 To failpoint P₃, at lightning impulse voltage U₃In the case of=3783kV, insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse is led arc and was lost efficacy general Rate η_S3And Effective Probability η_Y3It is respectively as follows:

$\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{\η}}_{S3}=\frac{C_S}{M}\×100\%=\frac{11}{30}\×100\%=36.7\%& {\mathrm{\η}}_{Y3}=\frac{C_Y}{M}\×100\%=\frac{19}{30}\×100\%=63.3\%\end{array}$

(8) every for impulse voltage generator step voltage is set to U by primary processor_s3=(U_s2+△U₃)=200kV, carries out 30 Secondary test, records breakdown time, voltage peak and parallel connection gaps and leads effective, the failure conditions of arc, obtain the 4th failpoint P₄。 To failpoint P₄, at lightning impulse voltage U₄In the case of=4001kV, insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse is led arc and was lost efficacy general Rate η_S4And Effective Probability η_Y4It is respectively as follows:

$\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{\η}}_{S4}=\frac{C_S}{M}\×100\%=\frac{12}{30}\×100\%=40.0\%& {\mathrm{\η}}_{Y4}=\frac{C_Y}{M}\×100\%=\frac{18}{30}\×100\%=60.0\%\end{array}$

(9) every for impulse voltage generator step voltage is set to U by primary processor_s4=(U_s3+△U₃)=210kV, carries out 30 Secondary test, primary processor record breakdown time, voltage peak and parallel connection gaps are led effective, the failure conditions of arc, are obtained the 5th Failpoint P₅.To failpoint P₅, at lightning impulse voltage U₅In the case of=4204kV, insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse Lead arc failure probability η_S5And Effective Probability η_Y5It is respectively as follows:

$\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{\η}}_{S5}=\frac{C_S}{M}\×100\%=\frac{16}{30}\×100\%=53.3\%& {\mathrm{\η}}_{Y5}=\frac{C_Y}{M}\×100\%=\frac{14}{30}\×100\%=46.7\%\end{array}$

(10) primary processor utilizes the insulator chain parallel connection gaps thunder and lightning that image picking-up apparatus photographs in test process Kind such as Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 b of arc inefficacy, Fig. 6 c, Fig. 6 d, Fig. 6 e are led in impulsive discharge.Primary processor is in parallel according to following insulator chain Gap lightning impulse lead arc lost efficacy judgment criterion sentence image picking-up apparatus obtain picture in lightning impulse lead whether arc loses Effect: in picture, flashover arc head end arc root and end arc root lay respectively on parallel connection gaps on electrode and bottom electrode, but middle Part electric arc section is along insulator chain dielectric surface flashover；Or flashover arc one end arc root is positioned on electrode, other end arc root is positioned at insulation Substring root or along SI semi-insulation substring flashover to its root；Or electric arc is entirely without the air formed at upper electrode and bottom electrode Flashover in gap but all electric arc is along insulator chain dielectric surface flashover.

(11) primary processor note surge voltage amplitude is the highest last test and parallel connection gaps failure probability are more than Impulse voltage generator every step voltage value when 50% is U_sn, then U_sn=U_s4=210kV.At impulse voltage generator every grade electricity Pressure value is U_snIn 30 tests under=210kV, arcing time has occurred at wave head, such as Fig. 7, then U_snRecord under=210kV Are breakdown voltage and breakdown time insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse voltage-time curve at high lightning impulse voltage width The initial data point of curve head during wave head flashover in the case of value.

(12) primary processor leads the failure probability of arc according to insulator chain parallel connection gaps under different lightning impulse voltage amplitudes And Effective Probability, draw parallel connection gaps and lead the change spy that arc failure probability and Effective Probability raise with lightning impulse voltage amplitude Property, such as Fig. 8 a, Fig. 8 b.

(13) primary processor arranges the breakdown voltage of record under value according to the different every step voltages of lightning impulse voltage generator With draw insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse volt-second characteristic (V-s) curve breakdown time, such as Fig. 9.

Testing time N, M in the present embodiment divides according to insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse discharge test required precision Do not take N=10, M=30；Voltage spaces and failpoint several according to the 500kV concrete test request of line insulator string parallel connection gaps and The situations such as impulse voltage generator equipment take △ U respectively₁=5kV, △ U₂=15kV, △ U₃=10kV, P=5, due in impact Voltage generator every step voltage value is U_snIn 30 tests under=210kV, arcing time has occurred at wave head, therefore need not △U₄。

According to above testing process, obtained insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse 50% discharge voltage U simultaneously_50%, thunder Surge volt-second characteristic (V-s) curve and failure probability η_SWith Effective Probability η_YEffective, the mistake raised with lightning impulse voltage amplitude Effect characteristic.

The above, the only detailed description of the invention of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and is familiar with This those skilled in the art should be understood that the present invention includes but not limited to accompanying drawing and interior described in detailed description of the invention above Hold.Any it is intended to be included in the scope of claims without departing from the function of the present invention and the amendment of structural principle.

Claims (7)

1. insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness and a flash-over characteristic method of testing, comprises the following steps:

(1) primary processor controls impulse voltage generator test insulator chain parallel connection gaps according to Up-and-down test principle, it is thus achieved that Insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse 50% discharge voltage U_50%, in lifting process, impulse voltage generator voltage is arranged Big value is designated as U_m；

(2) every for impulse voltage generator step voltage is set to U by primary processor₁=(U_m+△U₁), the lightning impulse now produced Voltage magnitude is more than U_50%, insulator chain parallel connection gaps equal flashover when described lightning impulse voltage amplitude makes every Secondary Shocks, Carry out n times impact, 5≤N≤10；Breakdown time during the every Secondary Shocks of primary processor record and voltage peak, for insulator chain also Data point in curve tail in the case of the lightning impulse voltage-time curve low lightning impulse voltage amplitude of offer of connection gap；

(3) every for impulse voltage generator step voltage is set to U by primary processor₂=(U₁+△U₂), described △ U₂More than △ U₁, main Processor controls impulse voltage generator and carries out M/2 Secondary Shocks, if there is failure conditions, then carries out M/2 Secondary Shocks, at U₂Electricity Pressure carries out M test altogether, and M is the even number more than 20；If no-failure situation occurs, described impulse voltage generator continues to rise High U₂Voltage is to U₃=(U₂+△U₂), then carry out M/2 test, by that analogy until there is failure conditions, record has inefficacy feelings Impulse voltage generator every step voltage value when condition occurs is U_s0, obtain first failpoint P₁；Each test is both needed to record and hits Wear time, voltage peak and arc flash channel case；

(4) it is U in impulse voltage generator every step voltage value_s0Under M test in, lost efficacy if only 1 time parallel connection gaps leads arc, Then reduce △ U₂, every for impulse voltage generator step voltage is set to U_s1=(U_s0+△U₃) wherein, △ U₃＜ △ U₂, carry out M time Test, records breakdown time, voltage peak and parallel connection gaps and leads effective, the failure conditions of arc, obtain second failpoint P₂；Continue High U of continuing rising_s1Magnitude of voltage is to U_s2=(U_s1+△U₃), carry out M test and obtain the 3rd failpoint P₃, the most at least obtain Three parallel connection gaps failpoints and make its failure probability more than 50%, last test that record surge voltage amplitude is the highest and Impulse voltage generator every step voltage value when parallel connection gaps failure probability is more than 50% is U_sn；

(5) if impulse voltage generator every step voltage value is U_snUnder M time test in arcing time occurred at wave head, then U_snUnder Record breakdown voltage and be insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse voltage-time curve breakdown time at high lightning impulse The initial data point of curve head during wave head flashover in the case of voltage magnitude；If U_snUnder M time test in arcing time in wave rear, Then continue to raise U_snMagnitude of voltage is to U_t=(U_sn+△U₄), wherein, △ U₄More than △ U₃, carry out n times test, obtain parallel connection gaps volt The initial data point of curve head during second characteristic curve wave head flashover；

(6) it is U in impulse voltage generator every step voltage value_s0Under M time test in, if occur parallel connection gaps lead arc lost efficacy time Number more than M/2 time, then reduces U_s0, every for impulse voltage generator step voltage value is set to U_s1'=(U_s0-△ U₃), carry out M time Test, records breakdown time, voltage peak and parallel connection gaps and leads effective, the failure conditions of arc, obtain second failpoint P₂；Continue Continuous reduction U_s1' magnitude of voltage to U_s2'=(U_s1'-△ U₃), carry out M test and obtain the 3rd failpoint P₃, at least obtain three Parallel connection gaps failpoint and make its failure probability less than 10%；

(7) if impulse voltage generator every step voltage value is U_s0Under M time test in arcing time occurred at wave head, then U_s0Under The breakdown voltage of record and the initial data point of curve head when being voltage-time curve wave head flashover breakdown time；If U_s0Under M time test in arcing time in wave rear, then continue raise U_s0Magnitude of voltage is to U_t'=(U_s0+△U₄), carry out n times test, obtain The initial data point of curve head during parallel connection gaps voltage-time curve wave head flashover；

(8) it is U in impulse voltage generator every step voltage value_s0Under M time test in, if occur parallel connection gaps lead arc lost efficacy time Number, between 2～M/2 time, first reduces according to (6th) step, the method for (4th) step the most respectively and increases impulse voltage generator every grade afterwards Magnitude of voltage U_s0Test, obtain other failpoints of parallel connection gaps；Method according still further to (5th) step obtains parallel connection gaps weber spy The initial data point of curve head during linearity curve wave head flashover.

A kind of insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness the most according to claim 1 and flash-over characteristic test side Method, it is characterised in that also include the image picking-up apparatus being connected with primary processor, described image picking-up apparatus monitors described insulation The arc flash channel case of substring parallel connection gaps, described primary processor obtains insulator according to described arc flash channel case Connection in series-parallel gap lightning impulse is led arc and effectively or was lost efficacy.

A kind of insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness the most according to claim 2 and volt-second characteristic test side Method, it is characterised in that: arc flash passage is all the time through in the air gap that electrode on parallel connection gaps and bottom electrode are formed Do not contact any position of insulator chain body, then to lead arc effective for parallel connection gaps lightning impulse.

A kind of insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness the most according to claim 2 and flash-over characteristic test side Method, it is characterised in that: arc flash passage head end arc root and end arc root lay respectively on parallel connection gaps on electrode and bottom electrode, But mid portion electric arc section is along insulator chain dielectric surface flashover；Or flashover arc one end arc root is positioned on electrode, other end arc root position In insulator chain root or along SI semi-insulation substring flashover to its root；Or electric arc is formed entirely without at upper electrode and bottom electrode The air gap in flashover but all electric arc is along insulator chain dielectric surface flashover；Occur that any one of above-mentioned three kinds of situations are i.e. Lead arc for parallel connection gaps lightning impulse to lose efficacy.

A kind of insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness the most according to claim 1 and flash-over characteristic test side Method, it is characterised in that insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse leads the computing formula of arc failure probability and Effective Probability the most such as Under:

$\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{\η}}_S=\frac{C_S}{M}& {\mathrm{\η}}_Y=\frac{C_Y}{M}\end{array}$

In formula: M by arranging the total testing time carried out in the case of value is determined at the every step voltage of impulse voltage generator；C_SFor M In secondary test, parallel connection gaps leads the number of times that arc lost efficacy；C_YThe effective number of times of arc is led for parallel connection gaps in M test；η_SFor at this thunder Under surge voltage magnitude, insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse leads arc failure probability；η_YFor in this lightning impulse voltage amplitude Lower insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse leads arc Effective Probability, and has: C_S+C_Y=M, η_S+η_Y=1, described calculating is by main process Device completes.

A kind of insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness the most according to claim 4 and volt-second characteristic test side Method, it is characterised in that described primary processor leads the mistake of arc according to insulator chain parallel connection gaps under different lightning impulse voltage amplitudes Effect probability and Effective Probability, draw parallel connection gaps and lead the change that arc failure probability and Effective Probability raise with lightning impulse voltage amplitude Change characteristic.

A kind of insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse effectiveness the most according to claim 1 and flash-over characteristic test side Method, it is characterised in that described primary processor arranges hitting of recording under value according to the different every step voltages of lightning impulse voltage generator Wear voltage and draw insulator chain parallel connection gaps lightning impulse voltage-time curve breakdown time.