CN105978388B - One kind can inhibit leakage current single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter and its control method - Google Patents

One kind can inhibit leakage current single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter and its control method Download PDF

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CN105978388B
CN105978388B CN201610390268.XA CN201610390268A CN105978388B CN 105978388 B CN105978388 B CN 105978388B CN 201610390268 A CN201610390268 A CN 201610390268A CN 105978388 B CN105978388 B CN 105978388B
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power switch
switch tube
power
inductance
grid
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CN105978388A (en
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王立乔
张晓飞
董子亮
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Yanshan University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02J3/383
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

The invention discloses one kind can inhibit leakage current single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter and its control method, which is made of six switching tubes, two diodes, a DC inductance, the identical filter inductance of two inductance value and a filter capacitor.Single-phase non-isolated buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the invention has stepping functions, there is wider input voltage range;Four power switch tubes of the inverter leg are all in power frequency state, and only there are two power switch to work in high frequency, and switching loss is small, and driving pulse no setting is required dead zone, circuit reliability are high;The present invention can make photovoltaic system, and parasitic capacitance both end voltage is free of high fdrequency component over the ground, and leakage current is made to be effectively suppressed.

Description

One kind can inhibit leakage current single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter and its control method
Technical field
The invention belongs to power electronics fields, and in particular to it is inverse that one kind can inhibit leakage current single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic Become device and its control method, suitable for single-phase inversion application.
Background technique
The energy is the material base that the mankind depend on for existence and development, and the finiteness of fossil energy and a large amount of exploitation are utilized and led The problem of causing energy shortage gets worse, while also resulting in the worsening of environmental problem.Solar energy conduct is presently most clear One of renewable energy that is clean, most having the prospect of large-scale developing and utilizing, photovoltaic are utilized by common concern all over the world.And Solar energy power generating is the Main Trends of The Development of solar energy photovoltaic utilization, will obtain more and more rapidly developing in future.
In photovoltaic generating system, the efficiency of DC-to-AC converter and safety will directly affect the performance and reality of whole system The property used.According to the transformer configuration situation in inverter, existing inverter can be divided into band Industrial Frequency Transformer type inverter, Band high frequency transformer type inverter and inverter without transformer.With Industrial Frequency Transformer or with the inverter of high frequency transformer To play the role of boosting and isolation, but with Industrial Frequency Transformer type inverter there are volume and weights it is big, price is high the problems such as;Band Although high frequency transformer type inverter volume and weight greatly reduces, structure is complicated, and whole efficiency reduces.And Transformer-free It is simple, small in size, at low cost, high-efficient that inverter has many advantages, such as structure, therefore has obtained more attention.
In Transformer-free photovoltaic parallel in system, due to losing the electrical isolation of transformer, photovoltaic battery array with It just will form back between parasitic capacitance (generally 50-150nF/kWp), photovoltaic combining inverter and the earth between the earth Current leakage is brought on road.Leakage current can not only cause EMI problem, while can also reduce grid-connected current quality, and give personnel Personal safety bring security risk, therefore, in Transformer-free gird-connected inverter, current leakage must be resolved.
In inverter without transformer, there are some inverter topologies to solve common-mode voltage persistent problem, but same When there are other problems, such as circuit structure is complicated, does not have stepping functions, the switch of high-frequency work is more, switching loss The problems such as big.One kind proposed by the invention can inhibit leakage current single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter and its control method solves Above-mentioned problem.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art, and providing one kind can inhibit leakage current single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic inversion Device and its control method, the inverter enable to common-mode voltage constant, effectively inhibition leakage current, and structure is simple, has simultaneously There are stepping functions.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, present invention employs following technical solutions:
One kind can inhibit leakage current single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, which includes six power switch tubes, two A power diode, a DC inductance, the identical filter inductance of two inductance value and a filter capacitor composition;DC bus "+" end is connected with the anode of the 5th power switch tube, and the "-" end of DC bus is connected with the cathode of the 6th power switch tube;Directly One end of galvanic electricity sense is connected with the cathode of the cathode of the 5th power switch tube and the second power diode, the other end of DC inductance It is connected with the anode of the anode of the 6th power switch tube and the first power diode;The cathode of first power diode is respectively with The anode of one power switch tube is connected with the anode of third power switch tube;The anode of second power diode respectively with the second function The cathode of rate switching tube and the connection of the cathode of the 4th power switch tube;The "+" end of filter capacitor respectively with the first power switch tube Cathode and the second power switch tube anode connection, the "-" end of filter capacitor respectively with the cathode of third power switch tube and The anode of 4th power switch tube connects;One end of first filter inductance connects with the "+" end of filter capacitor, the first filter inductance The other end and power grid "+" end connect;One end of second filter inductance connects with the "-" end of filter capacitor, the second filtered electrical The other end of sense and the "-" end of power grid connect.
A kind of control method can inhibit leakage current single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, this method include as follows Specific steps:
(1) firstly, given sinusoidal modulation wave is taken absolute value, full sinusoidal wave X is obtained, then full sinusoidal wave X is passed through into X/ The mathematical conversion of (1+X) obtains actual modulated wave r (t), finally, by modulating wave r (t) and carrier wave by obtaining after comparator Switch logic signals R5、R6, to respectively drive the 5th power switch tube and the 6th power switch tube;
(2) with two complementary power frequency square waves respectively as the driving arteries and veins of the first power switch tube, the 4th power switch tube The driving pulse of punching and the second power switch tube, third power switch tube;
In grid-connected current positive half period, the first power switch tube and the 4th power switch tube are constantly on, two rate of function Switching tube and third power switch tube turn off always, and the 5th power switch tube and the 6th power switch tube are controlled using PWM modulation Its on or off;When the 5th power switch tube and the 6th power switch tube turn off, the circulation path of grid-connected current are as follows: first The anode of power diode → the first power diode → the first power switch tube → first filter inductance → power grid → the second filter Wave inductance → the 4th power switch tube → the second power diode → DC inductance → first power diode anode;When the 5th When power switch tube and the 6th power switch tube are connected, the circulation path of grid-connected current are as follows: the "+" end of filter capacitor → the first filter Wave inductance → power grid → second filter inductance → filter capacitor "-" end → filter capacitor "+" end;
In grid-connected current negative half-cycle, the first power switch tube and the 4th power switch tube are turned off always, the second power Switching tube and third power switch tube are constantly on, and the 5th power switch tube and the 6th power switch tube are controlled using PWM modulation Its on or off;When the 5th power switch tube and the 6th power switch tube turn off, the circulation path of grid-connected current are as follows: first The anode of power diode → the first power diode → third power switch tube → second filter inductance → power grid → the first filter Wave inductance → the second power switch tube → second power diode → DC inductance → first power diode anode;When the 5th When power switch tube and the 6th power switch tube are connected, the circulation path of grid-connected current are as follows: the "-" end of filter capacitor → the second filter Wave inductance → power grid → first filter inductance → filter capacitor "+" end → filter capacitor "-" end.
Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) inverter power switch tube driving pulse of the invention no setting is required dead zone, circuit reliability are high;
(2) inverter of the invention has stepping functions, and DC voltage has wider input voltage range;
(3) four power switch tubes on inverter leg of the invention are all in power frequency working condition, only the 5th function In high frequency state, switching loss is small for rate switching tube and the work of the 6th power switch tube;
(4) control method of the invention is modulated using conventional carrier, and switching signal generative circuit structure is simple, can make light Lying prostrate solar panel, parasitic capacitance both end voltage is free of high fdrequency component over the ground, while can guarantee that system common-mode voltage is constant, makes to leak electricity Stream is effectively suppressed.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that one kind of the invention can inhibit leakage current single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter topological structure;
Fig. 2 is that single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the invention modulates implementation schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter switch control drive waveforms of the invention;
Fig. 4 is that the current waveform of single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter DC inductance of the invention and grid-connected current emulate wave Shape;
Fig. 5 is the common-mode voltage simulation waveform of single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the leakage current simulation waveform of single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment is to technical solution of the present invention It is described in detail.
One kind can inhibit leakage current single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, and topological structure is as shown in Figure 1, the inverter packet Include six power switch tubes, two power diodes, a DC inductance, the identical filter inductance of two inductance value and a filtering Capacitor composition;The "+" end of DC bus and the 5th power switch tube S5Anode be connected, the "-" end of DC bus and the 6th function Rate switching tube S6Cathode be connected;DC inductance LDCOne end and the 5th power switch tube S5Cathode and the second power diode S2Cathode be connected, DC inductance LDCThe other end and the 6th power switch tube S6Anode and the first power diode S1Sun Extremely it is connected;First power diode VD1Cathode respectively with the first power switch tube S1Anode and third power switch tube S3's Anode connection;Second power diode VD2Anode respectively with the second power switch tube S2Cathode and the 4th power switch tube S4 Cathode connection;Filter capacitor C1"+" end respectively with the first power switch tube S1Cathode and the second power switch tube S2Sun Pole connection, filter capacitor C1"-" end respectively with third power switch tube S3Cathode and the 4th power switch tube S4Anode connect It connects;First filter inductance L1One end and filter capacitor C1"+" end connect, the first filter inductance L1The other end and power grid The connection of "+" end;Second filter inductance L2One end and filter capacitor C1"-" end connect, the second filter inductance L2The other end with The "-" end of power grid connects.
Inverter proposed by the invention is analyzed, the analysis mode of buck-boost converter can be referred to, it is first First do following hypothesis to simplify the analysis: (1) all elements are all ideal component in circuit;(2) since switching frequency is much larger than base Wave frequency rate, so it is believed that inductive current average value and capacitance voltage average value are constant in several switch periods;(3) inverter Work in stable state.At this point, inductive current and capacitance voltage are approximately zero in the variable quantity of a switch periods.Enable the 5th function The ratio of inductive energy storage time and switch periods is duty ratio d when rate switching tube and the 6th power switch tube are opened, then the inverter There are following relationships:
In 0~dT, the 5th power switch tube S5With the 6th power switch tube S6It is open-minded:
In dT~T, the 5th power switch tube S5With the 6th power switch tube S6Shutdown:
WhereinFor DC inductance LDCElectric current,To flow through the first filter inductance L1Electric current, UdcFor DC input voitage,For filter capacitor C1Both end voltage.
It can be obtained by formula (1) and formula (2) and flow through DC inductance L within 0~dT periodDCCurrent change quantity are as follows:
Flow through the first filter inductance L1Current change quantity are as follows:
It can be obtained by formula (3) and formula (4) and flow through DC inductance L in dT~T time sectionDCCurrent change quantity are as follows:
Flow through the first filter inductance L1Current transformation amount are as follows:
Due to inductive current LDCIt is zero in the variable quantity of a switch periods, so having:
Wushu (5) and formula (7) substitute into formula (9) formula, and wushu (6) and formula (8) substitute into formula (10) formula and obtain:
Contravarianter voltage gain are as follows:
If the 5th power switch tube S5With the 6th power switch tube S6T moment duty ratio be d (t), then output voltage with Input voltage meets following relationship
If network voltage is Ug=umSin (ω t), then:
5th power switch tube S can be obtained by formula (14)5With the 6th power switch tube S6Duty ratio expression formula are as follows:
Wherein
First power switch tube S1With the 4th power switch tube S4It is driven using identical power frequency square-wave pulse, the second power Switching tube S2With third power switch tube S3Using with the first power switch tube S1With the 4th power switch tube S4Complementary power frequency side Wave impulse driving, the 5th power switch tube S5With the 6th power switch tube S6It is controlled using PWM, modulation scheme is as follows:
Modulation wave signalWhereinumFor network voltage peak value, UdcFor direct current Pressure, ω are power grid fundamental wave frequency;With r (t) for modulating wave, high frequency triangle wave is carrier wave, modulates required PWM waveform, real Now to the control of the 5th power switch tube and the 6th power switch tube, as M > 1, inverter of the invention is boosting output;When When M < 1, inverter of the invention is reduced output voltage.
As shown in Fig. 2, the realization of the inverter control method comprises the following specific steps that:
(1) firstly, given sinusoidal modulation wave is taken absolute value, full sinusoidal wave X is obtained, then full sinusoidal wave X is passed through into X/ The mathematical conversion of (1+X) obtains actual modulated wave r (t), finally, by modulating wave r (t) and carrier wave by obtaining after comparator Switch logic signals R5、R6, to respectively drive the 5th power switch tube S5With the 6th power switch tube S6
(2) with two complementary power frequency square waves respectively as the first power switch tubeS1, the 4th power switch tube S4Driving Pulse and the second power switch tube S2, third power switch tube S3Driving pulse;
Fig. 3 is shown using each switch drive pulse waveform obtained after above-mentioned implementation.
When photovoltaic combining inverter of the invention works in grid-connected current positive half period, the first power switch tube S1With Four power switch tube Ss4It is constantly on, the second power switch tube S2With third power switch tube S3It turns off always, when the 5th power is opened Close pipe S5With the 6th power switch tube S6When shutdown,That is photovoltaic system parasitic capacitance CpvBoth end voltage isCommon-mode voltage U at this timecm=Udc/ 2, when the 5th power switch tube S5With Six power switch tube Ss6It is connected constantly,That is photovoltaic system parasitic capacitance CpvBoth end voltage ForCommon-mode voltage U at this timecm=Udc/2。
When photovoltaic combining inverter of the invention works in grid-connected current negative half-cycle, the second power switch tube S2With Three power switch tube Ss3It is constantly on, the first power switch tube S1With the 4th power switch tube S4It turns off always, when the 5th power is opened Close pipe S5With the 6th power switch tube S6When shutdown,That is photovoltaic system parasitic capacitance CpvBoth end voltage isCommon-mode voltage U at this timecm=Udc/ 2, when the 5th power switch tube S5With Six power switch tube Ss6When conducting,That is photovoltaic system parasitic capacitance CpvBoth end voltage isCommon-mode voltage U at this timecm=Udc/2。
The switch state and corresponding C of 4 operating modes are listed in table 1pvBoth end voltage and common-mode voltage.Wherein UmIt is respectively the amplitude of network voltage, phase and frequency, the conducting of ON representation switch, the shutdown of OFF representation switch with ω.
The common-mode voltage table of comparisons under 1 different working modes of table
As shown in Table 1, common-mode voltage is constant, parasitic capacitance CpvBoth end voltage is free of high fdrequency component, due to system leakage current ForAccording to above-mentioned analysis it is found that the topology can effectively reduce leakage current.
Fig. 5 show photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter DC inductance electric current and grid-connected current analogous diagram of the invention, it can be seen that direct current Inductive current is rendered as full sinusoidal wave pulses, but grid-connected current still keeps preferable sinusoidal.
Fig. 6 show photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter parasitic capacitance both end voltage and common mode current simulations figure of the invention, it can be seen that Common-mode voltage is constant, demonstrates the analysis of table 1, and leakage current is very small.

Claims (3)

1. one kind can inhibit leakage current single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, it is characterised in that: the inverter includes six power Switching tube, two power diodes, a DC inductance, the identical filter inductance of two inductance value and a filter capacitor composition; The "+" end of DC bus is connected with the anode of the 5th power switch tube, the "-" end of DC bus and the yin of the 6th power switch tube Extremely it is connected;One end of DC inductance is connected with the cathode of the cathode of the 5th power switch tube and the second power diode, direct current The other end of sense is connected with the anode of the anode of the 6th power switch tube and the first power diode, the yin of the first power diode Pole is connect with the anode of the anode of the first power switch tube and third power switch tube respectively, the anode point of the second power diode It is not connect with the cathode of the cathode of the second power switch tube and the 4th power switch tube;The "+" end of filter capacitor is respectively with first The cathode of power switch tube and the anode of the second power switch tube connection, the "-" end of filter capacitor respectively with third power switch The cathode of pipe and the connection of the anode of the 4th power switch tube;One end of first filter inductance connects with the "+" end of filter capacitor, the The other end of one filter inductance and the "+" end of power grid connect;One end of second filter inductance connects with the "-" end of filter capacitor, The other end of second filter inductance and the "-" end of power grid connect.
2. a kind of control method that can inhibit leakage current single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter according to claim 1, special Sign is: this method content comprises the following specific steps that:
(1) firstly, given sinusoidal modulation wave is taken absolute value, full sinusoidal wave X is obtained, then full sinusoidal wave X is passed through into X/ (1+X) Mathematical conversion obtain actual modulated wave r (t), finally, by modulating wave r (t) and carrier wave by being switched after comparator Logical signal R5、R6, to drive the 5th power switch tube and the 6th power switch tube;
(2) with two complementary power frequency square waves respectively as the first power switch tube, the 4th power switch tube driving pulse and The driving pulse of second power switch tube, third power switch tube;
In grid-connected current positive half period, the first power switch tube and the 4th power switch tube are constantly on, the second power switch Pipe turns off always with third power switch tube, and the 5th power switch tube controls it using PWM modulation with the 6th power switch tube and leads Logical or shutdown;When the 5th power switch tube and the 6th power switch tube turn off, the circulation path of grid-connected current are as follows: the first power The anode of diode → the first power diode → the first power switch tube → first filter inductance → power grid → the second filtered electrical Feel the → the four power switch tube → the second power diode → DC inductance → first power diode anode;When the 5th power When switching tube is connected with the 6th power switch tube, the circulation path of grid-connected current are as follows: the "+" end of filter capacitor → the first filtered electrical Sense → power grid → the second filter inductance → filter capacitor "-" end → filter capacitor "+" end;
In grid-connected current negative half-cycle, the first power switch tube turns off always with the 4th power switch tube, the second power switch Pipe is constantly on third power switch tube, and the 5th power switch tube controls it using PWM modulation with the 6th power switch tube and leads Logical or shutdown, when the 5th power switch tube and the shutdown of the 6th power switch tube, the circulation path of grid-connected current are as follows: the first power The anode of diode → the first power diode → third power switch tube → second filter inductance → power grid → the first filtered electrical Feel the → the second power switch tube → second power diode → DC inductance → first power diode anode;When the 5th power When switching tube is connected with the 6th power switch tube, the circulation path of grid-connected current are as follows: the "-" end of filter capacitor → the second filtered electrical Sense → power grid → the first filter inductance → filter capacitor "+" end → filter capacitor "-" end.
3. one kind according to claim 1 can inhibit leakage current single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, which is characterized in that the One power switch tube and the 4th power switch tube are driven using identical power frequency square-wave pulse, the second power switch tube and third function Rate switching tube is driven using the power frequency square-wave pulse complementary with the first power switch tube and the 4th power switch tube, and the 5th power is opened It closes pipe and the 6th power switch tube to control using PWM, modulation scheme is as follows:
Modulation wave signalWhereinumFor network voltage peak value, UdcFor DC voltage, ω For power grid fundamental wave frequency;With r (t) for modulating wave, high frequency triangle wave is carrier wave, modulates required PWM waveform, is realized to the The control of five power switch tubes and the 6th power switch tube, as M > 1, inverter is boosting output;As M < 1, inverter For reduced output voltage.
CN201610390268.XA 2016-06-02 2016-06-02 One kind can inhibit leakage current single-phase buck-boost type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter and its control method Active CN105978388B (en)

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