CN105375508A - Method for controlling low-voltage ride through of cascaded photovoltaic grid-connected inverter - Google Patents
Method for controlling low-voltage ride through of cascaded photovoltaic grid-connected inverter Download PDFInfo
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- CN105375508A CN105375508A CN201510588852.1A CN201510588852A CN105375508A CN 105375508 A CN105375508 A CN 105375508A CN 201510588852 A CN201510588852 A CN 201510588852A CN 105375508 A CN105375508 A CN 105375508A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for controlling low-voltage ride through of a cascaded photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. The method is based on two common mathematical models of grid-side voltage under the condition of an unbalanced grid fault, and the laws between the three-phase grid-side voltage amplitude and phase under different fault conditions are summarized. A method for controlling a cascaded photovoltaic grid-connected inverter under different fault conditions is derived based on the laws. By setting the on-off state of an H-bridge power device, a bypass power unit controls low-voltage ride through of a cascaded photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. When a bypass is generated, the optimal modulation ratio of a normal operation unit is recalculated, and a carrier phase shift module is adjusted to produce a new PWM pulse signal. The method can ensure that a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter outputs symmetrical three-phase current during grid-side voltage failure and enable the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to run under unit power factor, and is of great significance to ensuring safe and stable operation of the power grid after large-scale photovoltaic power integration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low voltage traversing control method of Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, in particular, provide a kind of when unbalanced fault appears in voltage on line side, realize the flexible grid-connected method of cascade connection type photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, belong to parallel network power generation technical field.
Background technology
In recent years, photovoltaic power generation technology is swift and violent in China's development, and installed capacity is significantly risen, and the ratio of parallel network power generation access electrical network is increasing, and influencing each other between grid-connected photovoltaic system and electric power system can not be ignored.When grid collapses causes grid-connected point voltage to fall, once off-grid on a large scale occurs photovoltaic plant, just line voltage and frequency collapse be may cause, safe and stable operation and the power supply reliability of electrical network had a strong impact on.Therefore, for Large Copacity grid-connected photovoltaic system, require that photovoltaic parallel in system possesses low voltage ride-through capability, when the grid collapses, photovoltaic generating system not off-grid should be ensured, maintain the stable of line voltage and frequency, the quality of power supply that raising is generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.
The realization of current photovoltaic combining inverter low voltage crossing technology mainly adopts super capacitor and improves control strategy two kinds of methods.Use super capacitor can fast charging and discharging in the short time, impact for the unbalanced power during suppressing electric network fault and power network current, and contribute to improving inverter output performance, improving the output quality of power supply, but ultracapacitor adds the hardware cost of inverter and the complexity of device control.The hardware spending that the low voltage crossing of photovoltaic parallel in system need not be extra is realized by improving control strategy, characteristic due to photovoltaic battery panel output determines photovoltaic generating system and there is not Great inertia link, by improving control strategy, the output current of restriction inverter, can obtain the low voltage ride-through capability of photovoltaic parallel in system.More classical method is vector control, and vector control method needs to carry out positive-negative sequence component extraction and coordinate transform respectively, control system more complicated to grid-connected point voltage and grid-connected current.
Summary of the invention
For solving deficiency of the prior art, the object of the invention is to the low voltage traversing control method proposing a kind of Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, DC voltage sudden change can be there is not in the method when voltage on line side breaks down, and ensure three-phase current symmetry and unity power factor input, realize seamless switching, greatly the reliability of intensifier.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A low voltage traversing control method for Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, comprises the following steps:
S1, set up the Mathematical Modeling of voltage on line side under unbalance grid fault condition, draw the rule between three-phase voltage on line side amplitude and phase place under each fault condition, and derive the control method of Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter under fault condition based on gained rule;
S2, adopt total DC voltage and current on line side uneoupled control, realize the meritorious of combining inverter and Reactive Power Control;
S3, ensureing, under the total meritorious constant condition of three-phase, to adopt alternate power-balance to control;
S4, employing phase internal power balance control, and ensure each power cell DC-side Voltage Stabilization;
When S5, voltage on line side fault, the low voltage crossing based on bypath principle is adopted to control.
Further, in step sl, draw the rule between three-phase voltage on line side amplitude and phase place under each fault condition, be specially:
Rule one: when single phase ground fault, the amplitude of zero sequence and negative sequence component is 1/3 of the Voltage Drop degree of depth; When single phase ground fault, phase voltage positive sequence component initial phase is 0 degree, and zero sequence and negative sequence component initial phase are 180 degree, i.e. θ
n=θ
z=π;
Rule two: when there is phase fault, the amplitude of phase voltage negative sequence component is 1/2 of the Voltage Drop degree of depth, works as e
bcwhen being reduced to 0, negative sequence component is equal with positive sequence component amplitude; When there is phase fault, phase voltage positive sequence and negative sequence component initial phase are 0 degree, i.e. θ
n=0, there is not zero-sequence component.
Further, in step s3, alternate power-balance controls to be specially, by utilizing three-phase difference power Δ P
a, Δ P
b, Δ P
ccalculate the zero sequence voltage component u needing to inject
z, and meet Δ P
a+ Δ P
b+ Δ P
c=0, u
zfor regulating alternate unbalanced power when normal operation or voltage on line side fault.
Further, in step s 4 which, phase internal power control balancing system is specially, according to the reference voltage that each power cell MPPT exports
with DC side virtual voltage v
pvfkdifference to be gained merit correction value Δ d by the duty ratio that a PI controller obtains respective H bridge
dk, Δ d
dkbe added with initial dutyfactor value d, obtain the duty instruction value d that each power cell is final
dk, thus realize the stable of DC voltage mutually.
Further, in step s 5, net side false voltage controls to be specially,
First, judge voltage on line side fault type, control as follows according to the voltage on line side fault type judged: when single phase ground fault fault, adopt the failure tolerant based on injected zero-sequence voltage to control; When there is phase fault, the failure tolerant injected based on negative sequence voltage is adopted to control;
Then, fall the degree of depth according to voltage on line side and calculate the unit number needing bypass respectively;
Finally, the zero sequence command voltage u needing to inject is calculated according to by-pass unit number
oor negative phase-sequence command voltage (u
an, u
bn, u
cn).
Further, in step s 2, total DC voltage and current decoupled control are specially, the output voltage command value of each phase chain link
the output voltage modulating wave of each power cell is drawn through phase internal power balance control module
finally by the pulse signal of each switching device of phase-shifting carrier wave PWM CMOS macro cell H bridge.
Further, the output voltage command value of each phase chain link
by each phase chain link voltage instruction value u exported
a, u
b, u
cthe residual voltage u of output is controlled with alternate power-balance
zand the zero sequence command voltage u that net side Fault Control exports
ocommon formation.
Further, the output voltage command value of each phase chain link
by each phase chain link voltage instruction value u exported
a, u
b, u
cthe residual voltage u of output is controlled with alternate power-balance
zand the negative phase-sequence command voltage u that net side Fault Control exports
an, u
bn, u
cncommon formation.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, the low voltage traversing control method of this kind of Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter not only can ensure that Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter continues to run, and the power cell that continuation is run maintains maximal power tracing state.
Two, when voltage on line side generation unbalanced fault, the present invention can realize alternate power-balance and DC-side Voltage Stabilization fast.
Three, the present invention can realize no-voltage and pass through control, and the power cell number that bypass is less, achieve the maximization of inverter output power.
Four, the present invention does not need extra bypass switchgear, the on off state only needing to arrange each brachium pontis power device just can bypass power cell, response speed is very fast, compares and is suitable for quick bypass power cell when transient fault appears in voltage on line side, realize low voltage crossing and control.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present invention cascade type photovoltaic synchronization inverter system structure chart;
Net side phase voltage vector when Fig. 2 is unbalanced fault, wherein (a) is a phase ground short circuit fault vector figure, and (b) is bc phase fault polar plot;
Fig. 3 is low voltage crossing master control block diagram;
Voltage control block diagram when Fig. 4 is net side fault;
Fig. 5 is power unit by-pass schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 be alternate be short-circuited fault time simulation waveform.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment
The control method of this kind of Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter low voltage crossing, under two kinds of common unbalance grid fault conditions voltage on line side Mathematical Modeling based on, sum up the rule between three-phase voltage on line side amplitude and phase place under different faults condition.
The control method of Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter under different faults condition is derived: (1), when single phase ground fault fault, adopts the failure tolerant based on injected zero-sequence voltage to control based on above-mentioned rule; (2), during two-phase generation phase fault, the failure tolerant injected based on negative sequence voltage is adopted to control.
The low voltage crossing being realized Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter by the on off state bypass power cell arranging H bridge power device is controlled, recalculate the optimal modulation ratio of normal running unit during bypass, and adjust phase-shifting carrier wave module and produce new pwm pulse signal.
Embodiment method can ensure that photovoltaic combining inverter exports symmetrical three-phase current between voltage on line side age at failure, realize photovoltaic combining inverter unity power factor to run, to ensureing after photovoltaic generation large-scale grid connection that the safe and stable operation of electrical network is significant.
Embodiment controls for the low voltage crossing of Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, Fig. 1 is the system construction drawing of Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, wherein respectively single-phasely to be composed in series by N number of H-bridge unit respectively, adopt star-connection mode between three-phase, N is the neutral point of star-connection.
As shown in Figure 3, each phase chain link voltage instruction value u of overall DC voltage and the output of current decoupled control module
a, u
b, u
cthe residual voltage u of output is controlled with alternate power-balance
zand the zero sequence command voltage u that net side Fault Control exports
o(or negative phase-sequence command voltage u
an, u
bn, u
cn) together constitute the output voltage command value of each phase chain link
the output voltage modulating wave of each power cell is drawn again through phase internal power balance control module
finally by the pulse signal of each switching device of phase-shifting carrier wave PWM CMOS macro cell H bridge.
The present invention is directed to Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and propose a kind of low voltage crossing control strategy based on bypath principle, comprise the following steps:
1) set up the Mathematical Modeling of voltage on line side under two kinds of unbalance grid fault conditions, sum up the rule between three-phase voltage on line side amplitude and phase place under different faults condition;
1.1) when single phase ground fault:
A. the amplitude of zero sequence and negative sequence component is 1/3 of the Voltage Drop degree of depth;
B. phase voltage positive sequence component initial phase is 0 degree, and zero sequence and negative sequence component initial phase are 180 degree, i.e. θ
n=θ
z=π.
1.2) when there is phase fault:
A. the amplitude of phase voltage negative sequence component is 1/2 of the Voltage Drop degree of depth, works as e
bcwhen being reduced to 0, negative sequence component is equal with positive sequence component amplitude;
B. phase voltage positive sequence and negative sequence component initial phase are 0 degree, i.e. θ
n=0, there is not zero-sequence component.
According to above-mentioned rule, suppose that the Voltage Drop degree of depth is k, a phase when there is earth fault, net side system voltage can be expressed as:
When phase-to phase fault occurs bc phase, net side system voltage can be expressed as:
2) for realizing the meritorious of combining inverter and Reactive Power Control, total DC voltage and current on line side uneoupled control is adopted:
Active power controller is the current decoupled control electric current based on dq coordinate system, in the axial command value of d
by total DC voltage mean value U
dcwith corresponding command value
difference control to obtain through PI, in order to guarantor unit's power factor input, q shaft current command value is set to 0,
with the current feedback values i on dq axle
d, i
qtogether as the input of current decoupled control module, thus obtain dq shaft voltage control command value, namely
3) ensureing, under the meritorious constant condition that three-phase is total, to adopt alternate power-balance to control:
Control to obtain each active power Δ P needing to adjust mutually by carrying out PI to the difference of total DC side and each phase DC voltage mean value
a, Δ P
b, Δ P
c, alternate power-balance control module utilizes three-phase difference power Δ P
a, Δ P
b, Δ P
ccalculate the zero sequence voltage component u needing to inject
z, u
zcan simultaneously for regulating alternate unbalanced power when normal operation and voltage on line side fault.The principle that alternate power-balance controls carries out alternate power adjustments under total meritorious constant condition, namely meets Δ P
a+ Δ P
b+ Δ P
c=0, design so three PI modules in module choose the same parameter.
4) for ensureing each power cell DC-side Voltage Stabilization, phase internal power balance is adopted to control:
In phase internal power balance control module, according to the reference voltage v that each power cell MPPT exports
* pvkwith DC side virtual voltage v
pvfkdifference to be gained merit correction value Δ d by the duty ratio that a PI controller obtains respective H bridge
dk, Δ d
dkbe added with initial dutyfactor value d, obtain the duty instruction value d that each power cell is final
dk, thus realize the stable of DC voltage mutually.
5), during voltage on line side fault, the low voltage crossing based on bypath principle is adopted to control.
In the false voltage control module of net side, first judge voltage on line side fault type, when single phase ground fault fault, adopt the failure tolerant based on injected zero-sequence voltage to control; When there is phase fault, the failure tolerant injected based on negative sequence voltage is adopted to control; Then fall the degree of depth according to voltage on line side and calculate the unit number needing bypass respectively, finally calculate the residual voltage and negative sequence voltage that need to inject according to by-pass unit number.
When single phase ground fault occurs a phase, containing zero-sequence component in net side system voltage, therefore, when adopting injected zero-sequence voltage method, the power that inverter exports is
The number of concrete by-pass unit of deriving below, its bypass target is: 1) ensure that modulation ratio is less than 1; 2) three-phase modulations is made than being consistent as far as possible.
Order
for overcurrent multiple, then
can the power equation of wushu (4) equivalence when becoming below voltage on line side fault-free,
Can release
When single phase ground fault occurs a phase, the inverter ac voltage swing produced when injecting residual voltage is
Wushu (6) substitutes into formula (7), and abbreviation can obtain
Order | u
x|=k
xm (n-n
x) U
dc, | m
x|=k
xm (x=a, b, c), then
According to bypass target 2), work as n
b=n
cwhen=0,
with
obtain minimum value respectively.
Wushu n
b=n
c=0 brings (4) into can release
Thus
Convolution (10) and (11), can release
n
a＝[3-t
p(3-k)]n(12)
With "
" represent real number x is rounded up, then n
acan be expressed as
In like manner, when phase fault occurs bc phase, can derive,
Suppose n
a+ n
b+ n
caccording to the multiple classification of 3, j is nonnegative integer, then by-pass unit number can be summarized as rule below:
Work as n
a+ n
b+ n
c=3j, n
a=n
b=n
c=j;
Work as n
a+ n
b+ n
cduring=3j+1, n
a=j+1, n
b=n
c=j;
Work as n
a+ n
b+ n
cduring=3j+2, n
a=j, n
b=n
c=j+1.
In order to verify no-voltage crossing technology, it is as follows that fault is set: PCC dotted line voltage U
bcphase fault is there is, line voltage U when 0.6s
bcdrop to 0% of rated value, be eliminated to fault during 0.75s.Fig. 6 sets forth three phase network phase voltage and phase current, inverter output phase voltage and line voltage, inverter three-phase modulations ripple, inverter between age at failure and exports the waveforms such as meritorious and reactive power, three-phase dc side and overall average voltage.Can find out, when there is phase fault, owing to have employed alternate and phase internal power balance control, the each DC side input maximum power of Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and outlet side is made to keep balancing, three-phase dc side is identical with overall average voltage size, and can ensure that the DC voltage of each power cell is basically identical, the stable of DC side system can be maintained.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a low voltage traversing control method for Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1, set up the Mathematical Modeling of voltage on line side under unbalance grid fault condition, draw the rule between three-phase voltage on line side amplitude and phase place under each fault condition, and derive the control method of Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter under fault condition based on gained rule;
S2, adopt total DC voltage and current on line side uneoupled control, realize the meritorious of combining inverter and Reactive Power Control;
S3, ensureing, under the total meritorious constant condition of three-phase, to adopt alternate power-balance to control;
S4, employing phase internal power balance control, and ensure each power cell DC-side Voltage Stabilization;
When S5, voltage on line side fault, the low voltage crossing based on bypath principle is adopted to control.
2. the low voltage traversing control method of Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step sl, draws the rule between three-phase voltage on line side amplitude and phase place under each fault condition, is specially:
Rule one: when single phase ground fault, the amplitude of zero sequence and negative sequence component is 1/3 of the Voltage Drop degree of depth; When single phase ground fault, phase voltage positive sequence component initial phase is 0 degree, and zero sequence and negative sequence component initial phase are 180 degree, i.e. θ
n=θ
z=π;
Rule two: when there is phase fault, the amplitude of phase voltage negative sequence component is 1/2 of the Voltage Drop degree of depth, works as e
bcwhen being reduced to 0, negative sequence component is equal with positive sequence component amplitude; When there is phase fault, phase voltage positive sequence and negative sequence component initial phase are 0 degree, i.e. θ
n=0, there is not zero-sequence component.
3. the low voltage traversing control method of Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step s3, alternate power-balance controls to be specially, by utilizing three-phase difference power Δ P
a, Δ P
b, Δ P
ccalculate the zero sequence voltage component u needing to inject
z, and meet Δ P
a+ Δ P
b+ Δ P
c=0, u
zfor regulating alternate unbalanced power when normal operation or voltage on line side fault.
4. the low voltage traversing control method of the Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter as described in any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, in step s 4 which, phase internal power control balancing system is specially, according to the reference voltage that each power cell MPPT exports
with DC side virtual voltage v
pvfkdifference to be gained merit correction value Δ d by the duty ratio that a PI controller obtains respective H bridge
dk, Δ d
dkbe added with initial dutyfactor value d, obtain the duty instruction value d that each power cell is final
dk, thus realize the stable of DC voltage mutually.
5. the low voltage traversing control method of the Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter as described in any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, in step s 5, net side false voltage controls to be specially,
First, judge voltage on line side fault type, control as follows according to the voltage on line side fault type judged: when single phase ground fault fault, adopt the failure tolerant based on injected zero-sequence voltage to control; When there is phase fault, the failure tolerant injected based on negative sequence voltage is adopted to control;
Then, fall the degree of depth according to voltage on line side and calculate the unit number needing bypass respectively;
Finally, the zero sequence command voltage u needing to inject is calculated according to by-pass unit number
oor negative phase-sequence command voltage (u
an, u
bn, u
cn).
6. the low voltage traversing control method of the Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter as described in any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, in step s 2, total DC voltage and current decoupled control are specially, the output voltage command value of each phase chain link
the output voltage modulating wave of each power cell is drawn through phase internal power balance control module
finally by the pulse signal of each switching device of phase-shifting carrier wave PWM CMOS macro cell H bridge.
7. the low voltage traversing control method of Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, the output voltage command value of each phase chain link
by each phase chain link voltage instruction value u exported
a, u
b, u
cthe residual voltage u of output is controlled with alternate power-balance
zand the zero sequence command voltage u that net side Fault Control exports
ocommon formation.
8. the low voltage traversing control method of Cascade-type photovoltaic grid-connected inverter as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, the output voltage command value of each phase chain link
by each phase chain link voltage instruction value u exported
a, u
b, u
cthe residual voltage u of output is controlled with alternate power-balance
zand the negative phase-sequence command voltage u that net side Fault Control exports
an, u
bn, u
cncommon formation.
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