CN104868706A - Technology of automatic gain jump control for charge-pump DC-DC converter - Google Patents

Technology of automatic gain jump control for charge-pump DC-DC converter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104868706A
CN104868706A CN201510308409.4A CN201510308409A CN104868706A CN 104868706 A CN104868706 A CN 104868706A CN 201510308409 A CN201510308409 A CN 201510308409A CN 104868706 A CN104868706 A CN 104868706A
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voltage
conversion
current
vcon
ratio
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CN104868706B (en
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卜刚
方芳
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A switching power supply of a charge pump type is low in electromagnetic interference, is high in efficiency, is small in size, and is an important part of a power management system. The invention proposes a technology of automatic gain jump control for a charge-pump DC-DC converter, and the technology faces a multi-voltage-conversion-ratio charge pump. The technology aims at the charge pump which achieves the modulation of switching frequency and outputs a stable voltage. A control circuit estimates the current value of a load according to the product of a control voltage Vcon of a current oscillator with a charging-discharging voltage difference delta V of a flying capacitor. When the control voltage Vcon of the oscillator exceeds an upper limit value V_conmax, a voltage conversion ratio is increased; when the product of the upper limit value V_conmax of the control voltage Vcon of the oscillator with the charging-discharging voltage difference delta Vn of the flying capacitor at a next voltage conversion ratio is greater than a current load estimation value Vcon*delta V0, the voltage conversion ratio is decreased, thereby guaranteeing the driving capability of the charge pump and improving the system efficiency.

Description

A kind of charge pump DC-DC converter automatic gain saltus step control technology
Technical field:
Patent of the present invention contains charge pump DC-DC converter principle, multivoltage conversion exports voltage stabilizing technique than charge pump DC-DC converter, automatic gain saltus step control technology, frequency modulation(FM).
Background technology:
Along with the development of integrated circuit technique, a large amount of appearance of portable mobile termianl, especially in recent years, popularizing of the products such as smart mobile phone, panel computer, GPS, electronic system it is also proposed more requirement to power supply, such as: portability, low-power consumption, stable output, high efficiency etc., promoted the development of portable electric appts power technology.Electronic system directly can not be powered for it by battery or power supply adaptor usually, and needs a voltage modulator that the direct voltage of instability is converted to stable system power supply power supply.At present, dc-dc is mainly divided into two classes: linear voltage regulator and Switching Power Supply modulator.Linear voltage regulator has the advantages such as low ripple, low noise, simplicity of design, is widely used in the occasion to noise-sensitive, but it is also efficient lower and can only realize the shortcomings such as step-down.Switching Power Supply is divided into again inductive type and capacitor type.Wherein, inductive type Switching Power Supply energy-storage travelling wave tube is inductance, and advantage is that conversion efficiency is high, and shortcoming has ripple interference at output, and have electromagnetic interference (EMI) problem; Capacitor type (also known as charge-pump type) Switching Power Supply uses electric capacity as energy-storage travelling wave tube, and greatly reduce EMI, conversion efficiency is also higher, and shortcoming is that output Ripple Noise is larger.
Simulation and radio circuit are to noise-sensitive, and usually adopt linear stable to power, although this avoids the noise jamming of power supply, system effectiveness is lower.Conventional charge pump-type Switching Power Supply generally adopts the discharge and recharge of fixed conversion ratio and fixed switching frequency Linear Control charge pump, has low noise, the advantage that high EMI suppresses, but its conversion efficiency is low, and the conversion efficiency being especially operated in low load is lower.In order to raise the efficiency and reduce output ripple, can adopt the electric capacity pump of frequency modulation(FM) multivoltage conversion than pattern being carried out regulated output voltage by adjustment switching frequency, this just brings the problem of co-ordination between multivoltage conversion ratio.
Multivoltage conversion mainly contains two kinds than charge-pump type Switching Power Supply gain hit mode: one does not adopt state machine, directly carries out Schema control with combinational logic circuit, and another kind adopts state machine to control.The advantage of direct Combinational Logic Control is that logic is simple, fast response time, and its shortcoming is exactly easily compete between two kinds of modulation scheme, thus causes exporting concussion, and output voltage ripple is larger.State machine is adopted to control the competition can avoided between pattern, the control flow delivered at present is: when output voltage is higher than high threshold voltage, charge pump is in wait state (i.e. pulse-skip modulating mode PSM), now by output capacitance to load discharge, output voltage reduce; Below the low to high threshold voltage of output voltage drop, but still during higher than low threshold voltage, switched capacitor array starts with low gain to output capacitance and load discharge, if now load continuous increases, when output voltage is lower than low threshold voltage, charge pump becomes again and jumps to a high gain mode electric discharge, until higher than low threshold voltage, gets back to low gain mode afterwards.This control method is fixed switching frequency, and by redirect back and forth between two conversion ratios, make output remain in nominal value range, logic is simple, but under some loading condition, output ripple can be caused larger because of the frequent redirect of conversion ratio.
Pulse frequency modulated (PFM) can improve system conversion efficiency particularly light-load efficiency, control output voltage ripple to a certain extent simultaneously, its principle is that switching frequency is changed with the change of load current, when the decline of load current, switching frequency reduces, and load current rises, switching frequency then increases.If load current and switching frequency linear, no matter how load changes, ripple equal and opposite in direction.Except have greater advantage in ripple except, system effectiveness is also better than the charge pump of fixed frequency.When load is lighter, reduces switching frequency and can reduce switching loss, thus improve system effectiveness.
The driving force of charge pump is except being proportional to the product of switching frequency and striding capacitance, and determine with the difference of output voltage after being also multiplied by voltage conversion ratio by supply voltage, the larger driving force of difference is larger, but system effectiveness reduces along with the increase of difference.Thus, under specific voltage transformation ratio, the size of system effectiveness and driving force is contradiction, and it, in order to the driving force requirement of satisfied heavy duty, must sacrifice efficiency during underloading.The way solving this contradiction adopts multivoltage conversion ratio, during heavy duty with large conversion than to improve driving force, during underloading with little conversion than to raise the efficiency, thus raising system average efficiency.For certain loads, how to judge to adopt which kind of conversion ratio, not only having met requirement but also the guaranteed efficiency of driving force, is the key technology realizing such scheme.
The present invention proposes a kind of automatic gain saltus step control technology for switching frequency modulation, higher than higher limit V_conmax, whether it judges that whether current voltage conversion than has enough driving forces according to current VCO control voltage Vcon; Meanwhile, more current striding capacitance charging/discharging voltage difference Δ V 0with the product value Δ V of the control voltage Vcon of voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 0× Vcon, changes Δ V poorer than lower striding capacitance charging/discharging voltage with low voltage order one nwith the product value Δ V of VCO control voltage V_conmax nthe size of × V_conmax, judging whether can with low voltage order one conversion than driving present load to improve system effectiveness.This technology, by automatically selecting suitable voltage conversion ratio, realizes higher conversion efficiency while proof load driving force.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is directed to the charge-pump type Switching Power Supply of switching frequency modulation, propose the automatic gain saltus step control technology of a kind of multivoltage conversion ratio, the charge pump system schematic diagram applying this technology is shown in accompanying drawing 1.The system of accompanying drawing 1 is produced the modules such as circuit formed by state control circuit, switched capacitor array, error amplifier, band-gap reference circuit, voltage controlled oscillator, multi-phase clock.System in accompanying drawing 1 have employed switching frequency modulation to the modulation exported, and controls output ripple while switching loss when reducing underloading.
Realize the theory diagram of switching frequency modulation as shown in Figure 2, the error voltage of output voltage and reference voltage, rear drive voltage controlled oscillator is amplified through error amplifier, so just achieve switching frequency with load variations: when load current rises, error voltage increases, switching frequency increases, and improves driving force; And when load current declines, error voltage reduces, switching frequency reduces, and reduces switching loss, raises the efficiency.
In the present invention, the automatic control of voltage conversion ratio (i.e. gain) includes two parts: 1) for improving driving force, jumps to high voltage change ratio by low voltage transition ratio; 2) for raising the efficiency, changed than jumping to low voltage transition ratio by high voltage.
The judgment mode improving voltage conversion ratio is, when the control voltage Vcon (error voltage after namely amplifying) of VCO exceedes the maximum V_conmax of setting, when namely switching frequency exceeds highest frequency, illustrate that the driving force of current conversion ratio is not enough, be then switched to high one-level conversion ratio.
By high voltage conversion than the judgement principle being switched to low conversion ratio be, relatively present load size and low voltage order one change the maximum load driving force than lower charge pump, if the latter is greater than the former, illustrate that the conversion ratio of low one-level can drive present load, be then switched to low one-level conversion ratio.The driving force of charge pump, except being proportional to switching frequency, is also proportional to the difference of striding capacitance charging/discharging voltage, and namely supply voltage is multiplied by the difference with output voltage after voltage conversion ratio, as formula (1).
IL∝K×(Vin×Gain-Vout)×fsw＝K×ΔV×fsw (1)
Wherein, IL is load current, and Vin is input supply voltage, Gain voltage conversion ratio, and Vout is output voltage, and Δ V is that the charging/discharging voltage of striding capacitance is poor, and fsw is switching frequency, and K is proportionality coefficient.
When charge pump normally works, output voltage Vout is through resistance R 1and R 2the feedback voltage V f obtained after dividing potential drop approximates reference voltage Vref, if the K in formula (1) equals the ratio K f of feedback voltage V f and output voltage Vout,
Kf=Vf/Vout=R2/ (R1+R2), (2) then the middle K × Δ V of formula (1) can ask difference estimation with Vin × Gain × Kf and Vref, namely
Kf×(Vin×Gain-Vout)≈Kf×Vin×Gain-Vref。(3)
In addition, for the output voltage regulation way of switching frequency modulation, switching frequency fsw is determined by the control voltage Vcon of VCO, if the frequency range of design VCO, make that fsw is approximate is proportional to Vcon, then, behind aggregative formula (1) and (3), load current is:
IL∝Kf×ΔV×fsw∝(Kf×Vin×Gain-Vref)×Vcon。(4)
The large I of present load by current conversion than under Kf × Δ V 0estimate with the product of current Vcon; And the conversion of low voltage order one than lower charge pump driving force can by this conversion than under Kf × Δ V nestimate with the product of the V_conmax preset.
A kind of gain redirect decision circuit theory diagram for four voltage conversion ratios as shown in Figure 3, adder in figure achieves the function of subtraction, and in figure V_one, V_2third, V_half and V_1third be voltage conversion ratio be respectively × 1, × 2/3, × 1/2 and × 1/3 time the value of Kf × Gain × Vin.What show in Fig. 3 is the state of current voltage conversion than decision circuit when being × 1.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
The multivoltage conversion of accompanying drawing 1 one kinds of switching frequency modulations is than charge pump DC-DC converter system block diagram;
Accompanying drawing 2 frequency modulation(FM) exports principle of stabilized voltage block diagram;
Accompanying drawing 3 reduces voltage conversion ratio redirect decision circuit theory diagram;
Embodiment:
The implementation step controlled for the charge pump DC-DC automatic gain saltus step of switching frequency modulation comprises:
1), during system starts, initial voltage conversion, than selecting from low voltage transition ratio, also can be selected from high voltage conversion ratio, or by detecting input voltage, selects the conversion ratio closest to target output voltage after changing.
2) difference of the voltage Vf of output voltage after dividing potential drop and reference voltage obtains Vcon, driving oscillator VCO, the concussion frequency of control VCO after error amplifier amplifies, and reduces concussion frequency, otherwise then increase frequency when output voltage is too high.
3) system detects the voltage conversion ratio adopted under present load and switching frequency in real time, if VCO control voltage Vcon is higher than higher limit V_conmax, switching frequency exceeds working range, then select high voltage order one to change ratio; When Vcon is lower than V_conmax, system determines whether change than saltus step to low voltage order one according to the court verdict reducing voltage conversion ratio redirect decision circuit, and result to select low voltage order one to change ratio during redirect, otherwise keep current voltage conversion than constant.
4) voltage conversion ratio redirect decision circuit is reduced by comparing current voltage conversion Δ V poorer than the charging/discharging voltage of lower striding capacitance 0with the product value Δ V of VCO control voltage Vcon and Proportional coefficient K 0× Vcon × K, changes Δ V poorer than the charging/discharging voltage of lower striding capacitance with low voltage order one nwith the higher limit V_conmax of VCO control voltage and the product value Δ V of Proportional coefficient K nthe size of × V_conmax × K, when the value of the latter is greater than the former, allows redirect, otherwise keeps current voltage conversion ratio.
5) output voltage Vout is through resistance R 1and R 2the ratio of the feedback voltage V f obtained after dividing potential drop and output voltage Vout is Kf, step 4) K in product term is taken as Kf, and product value Vin × Gain × Kf and the Vref of charging/discharging voltage difference Δ V and the Kf of striding capacitance asks poor Vin × Gain × Kf-Vref to estimate.
6) step 5) in Vin × Gain × Kf power supply bleeder circuit realize.
Reference numerals list:
Vin input supply voltage
Vout output voltage
Vf feedback voltage
Vref reference voltage
Vcon output voltage error amplifier is also voltage controlled oscillator control voltage simultaneously
R 1output divider resistance 1
R 2output divider resistance 2
R lload resistance
C lload capacitance
CLK clock signal
The ratio of Kf feedback voltage V f and output voltage Vout
Gain_down low gain redirect decision signal
V_conmax output voltage error amplifier higher limit
V_one gain be × 1 conversion than time input voltage vin and the product of voltage conversion ratio and COEFFICIENT K f
V_2third gain be × 2/3 conversion than time input voltage vin and the product of voltage conversion ratio and COEFFICIENT K f
V_half gain be × 1/2 conversion than time input voltage vin voltage conversion ratio and the product of COEFFICIENT K f
V_1third gain be × 1/3 conversion than time input voltage vin voltage conversion ratio and the product of COEFFICIENT K f
Kf × Δ VO current voltage conversion Δ V poorer than the charging/discharging voltage of lower striding capacitance 0with the product of COEFFICIENT K f
Kf × Δ Vn low voltage order one conversion Δ V poorer than the charging/discharging voltage of lower striding capacitance nwith the product of COEFFICIENT K f.

Claims (5)

1. patent of the present invention is a kind of for the automatic gain redirect control technology of multivoltage conversion than charge pump DC-DC converter, especially for the output voltage regulation way using switching frequency modulation, it is characterized in that the Vcon of error voltage value after error amplifier amplifies between current output voltage and reference voltage, except being used for except control switch frequency, control circuit also judges current conversion ratio the need of increase to improve load driving force according to the error voltage after amplification, or the need of reduction to improve converter efficiency.
2. for many gains redirect control technology according to claim 1, it is characterized by current voltage conversion than when being not maximum, when the error voltage Vcon after amplification is greater than the maximum V_conmax preset, gain compares redirect to high voltage conversion.
3. for many gains redirect control technology according to claim 1, to it is characterized by current voltage conversion than when being not minimum, compare current voltage conversion than lower output voltage after amplifying and error voltage Vcon between reference voltage and the current striding capacitance changing value Δ V through discharge and recharge voltage on it 0and the product Vcon × Δ V of COEFFICIENT K 0× K, with amplify after error voltage value upper limit V_conmax with change at low voltage order one than time striding capacitance through the changing value Δ V of discharge and recharge voltage on it nand the product V_conmax × Δ V of COEFFICIENT K n× K, when the value of the latter is more than or equal to the former, allows to compare redirect to low voltage order one conversion.
4., for many gains redirect control technology according to claim 3, it is characterized in that COEFFICIENT K is taken as Kf, namely output voltage Vout is through resistance R 1and R 2the ratio of the feedback voltage V f obtained after dividing potential drop and output voltage Vout, and mountain input voltage vin asks poor through dividing potential drop and reference voltage Vref, obtain the conversion of current and low voltage order one than lower striding capacitance through a discharge and recharge changing value of voltage and estimation Δ V of Kf product on it 0× Kf and Δ V n× Kf.
5. input voltage vin in many gains redirect control technology according to claim 4 is asked poor through dividing potential drop and reference voltage Vref, the voltage ratio that it is characterized by input voltage vin is the product Gain × Kf of voltage conversion ratio Gain and the Kf of transducer, and wherein Kf is the ratio of feedback voltage V f and output voltage Vout.
CN201510308409.4A 2015-06-05 2015-06-05 A kind of charge pump DC-DC converter automatic gain saltus step control method Expired - Fee Related CN104868706B (en)

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Cited By (7)

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CN105529993A (en) * 2015-12-22 2016-04-27 江苏星宇芯联电子科技有限公司 Self-voltage stabilizing LC voltage-controlled oscillator
CN105896961A (en) * 2016-04-15 2016-08-24 北京集创北方科技股份有限公司 Charge pump control method and charge pump control device
CN108024190A (en) * 2016-11-03 2018-05-11 大北欧听力公司 Include the hearing device of switching capacity dc-dc
CN109802562A (en) * 2019-03-22 2019-05-24 北京集创北方科技股份有限公司 Voltage-regulating system
CN111010029A (en) * 2019-12-30 2020-04-14 上海南芯半导体科技有限公司 Light-load frequency reduction circuit of charge pump based on current control
CN114900036A (en) * 2022-05-24 2022-08-12 哈尔滨工业大学 Switched capacitor voltage-stabilizing chip circuit with double control modes
CN117856615A (en) * 2024-03-06 2024-04-09 华南理工大学 Control method applied to switched capacitor DC-DC converter

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CN105529993A (en) * 2015-12-22 2016-04-27 江苏星宇芯联电子科技有限公司 Self-voltage stabilizing LC voltage-controlled oscillator
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CN105896961B (en) * 2016-04-15 2019-09-20 北京集创北方科技股份有限公司 The control method and device of charge pump
CN108024190A (en) * 2016-11-03 2018-05-11 大北欧听力公司 Include the hearing device of switching capacity dc-dc
CN109802562A (en) * 2019-03-22 2019-05-24 北京集创北方科技股份有限公司 Voltage-regulating system
CN111010029A (en) * 2019-12-30 2020-04-14 上海南芯半导体科技有限公司 Light-load frequency reduction circuit of charge pump based on current control
CN114900036A (en) * 2022-05-24 2022-08-12 哈尔滨工业大学 Switched capacitor voltage-stabilizing chip circuit with double control modes
CN117856615A (en) * 2024-03-06 2024-04-09 华南理工大学 Control method applied to switched capacitor DC-DC converter

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