CN103941201A - Measuring method of magnetic parameters of magnetic material - Google Patents
Measuring method of magnetic parameters of magnetic material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103941201A CN103941201A CN201410168476.6A CN201410168476A CN103941201A CN 103941201 A CN103941201 A CN 103941201A CN 201410168476 A CN201410168476 A CN 201410168476A CN 103941201 A CN103941201 A CN 103941201A
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Abstract
The invention provides a measuring method of magnetic parameters of a magnetic material. The measuring method is implemented through a magnetic parameter measuring device. The magnetic parameter measuring device comprises a coil winding, a voltage regulating circuit, an integrator, a dual trace oscilloscope, a sampling resistor, an ampere meter and a voltage meter. The measuring method mainly comprises the steps that a primary coil of the coil winding and a secondary coil of the coil winding are wound together and wound on the magnetic material to be detected at the same time, the magnetic parameter measuring device is powered on, the dual trace oscilloscope is used for reading a reading I of currents flowing through the coil winding, the magnetic field intensity H is worked out according to the ampere circuit law, the output voltage displayed by the dual trace oscilloscope is read, the magnetic induction intensity B is worked out according a formula, and the magnetization intensity M value is worked out through a formula according to the measured magnetic field intensity H and the measured magnetic induction intensity B; the dual trace oscilloscope is used for observing and detecting the hysteresis loop of the magnetic material in real time. The measuring method of the magnetic parameters of the magnetic material is simple and convenient to operate, saves time and labor and is low in cost; the measuring device adopted in the measuring method can realize high-precision measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Electromagnetic Testing Technology field, be specifically related to a kind of measuring method of magnetic material magnetic parameter.
Background technology
Magnetic material is widely used material in production, life, science and techniques of defence.Magnetic material is also applied widely in multi-field acquisitions such as the detection of ore deposit, ground, hydrospace detection and information, the energy, production and space technologies.The measurement of magnetic field, magnetic parameter is the important component part of magnetics fundamental research, magnetic material and components and parts industry, an indispensable branch in electrotechnical measurement technology.The magnetic parameter that magnetic material is conventional comprises magnetic induction density B, magnetic field intensity H and magnetization M.The principle of the measuring method of magnetic parameter is generally according to the rule of magnetic field and matter interaction, utilizes sensor or relevant apparatus to convert magnetic parameter to be easy to measure measure as the physical quantity such as voltage, electric current.At present, more common for measuring the measuring method of magnetic material magnetic parameter, but the measuring method of common magnetic material magnetic parameter is more loaded down with trivial details, and operation inconvenience and precision often can not be controlled.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: a kind of simple, convenient and magnetic material magnetic parameters method that measuring accuracy is controlled is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: magnetic material magnetic parameters method of the present invention, implemented by magnetic parameters device; Magnetic parameters device comprises:
Coil winding, is wrapped in tested magnetic material when measuring;
Regulating circuit, for changing coil winding both end voltage;
Integrator, for phase shift, makes output voltage and coil winding input current same-phase;
Dual trace oscilloscope, for read coil winding momentary current, integrator output voltage and observation magnetic hysteresis loop;
Sample resistance, for current sampling;
Reometer, crosses coil winding current value for monitoring flow;
Voltage table, for monitoring the output voltage of integrator;
Measuring method mainly comprises the following steps:
1. by the primary coil of coil winding and secondary coil tangle up, and be wrapped on tested magnetic material simultaneously;
2. power up, crossed the electric current registration I of coil winding by dual trace oscilloscope reading flow; Amp gauge monitoring flow is crossed the electric current in coil winding; If magnetic field intensity is H, by Ampere circuit law:
Calculating magnetic field intensity is H;
3. because of the magnetic flux of magnetic material
there is following relation with the magnetic induction density B at this place:
Wherein n and S are respectively coil turn on magnet ring T1 and the useful flux area of magnet ring; In coil winding, pass to exchange current, in coil winding, produce the magnetic field of alternation, cause magnetic flux
change:
(7)；
Ignore leakage inductance, the induced electromotive force now producing in secondary coil is
，
(8)；
Again due to:
(6)，
Thereby obtained by (6) formula, (7) formula and (8) formula:
(9)
Read the output voltage illustrating of dual trace oscilloscope
numerical value, through type (9) calculates magnetic induction density B; The output voltage of voltage meter monitoring integrator;
4. because magnetic field intensity H and magnetic induction density B have following relation:
, wherein
, M is the magnetization;
Thereby:
By calculating magnetization M value;
5. by the magnetic hysteresis loop of dual trace oscilloscope real-time monitored magnetic material.
Further scheme is: above-mentioned step 2. in, if measured material is magnet ring, the computing formula of this step can be rewritten as:
, in formula, the number of turn that n is coil;
for the average perimeter at magnet ring T1 center;
Thereby calculate magnetic field intensity H;
Further scheme is: above-mentioned step 4. in, if when in tested magnetic material, an at least large order of magnitude of the numeric ratio H of M is above, magnetization M can be by being reduced to
calculate.
Further scheme is: the regulating circuit of above-mentioned magnetic parameters device is provided with first input end, the second input end, the first output terminal and the second output terminal; Reometer has input end and output terminal; Coil winding is provided with primary coil and secondary coil, and primary coil and secondary coil are wound around mutually; The primary coil of coil winding has first input end and the second input end; The secondary coil of coil winding has the first output terminal and the second output terminal; Dual trace oscilloscope has first signal input end, secondary signal input end and earth terminal; Integrator is provided with first input end, the second input end and output terminal; Voltage table has first input end and the second input end;
The input end of reometer is electrically connected with the first output terminal of regulating circuit; The first signal input end conllinear of the second output terminal of regulating circuit, one end of sample resistance and dual trace oscilloscope; The output terminal of reometer is electrically connected with the first input end of the primary coil of coil winding; The equal ground connection of earth terminal of the second input end of the other end of sample resistance, the primary coil of coil winding and dual trace oscilloscope; The first input end of integrator is electrically connected with the first output terminal of the secondary coil of coil winding; The second input end of integrator is electrically connected with the second output terminal of the secondary coil of coil winding and ground connection; The secondary signal input end conllinear of the output terminal of integrator, the first input end of voltage table and dual trace oscilloscope; The second input end grounding of voltage table.
Further scheme is: above-mentioned magnetic parameters device also comprises fuse FUSE1, and described one end of fuse FUSE1 and the first input end of regulating circuit are electrically connected; When use, the second input end external AC power supply of the other end of fuse FUSE1 and regulating circuit.
Further scheme is: the regulating circuit of above-mentioned magnetic parameters device comprises power switch S1, slide rheostat W and double-pole single throw S3; A quiet edge of a knife terminals of one end of power switch S1 and double-pole single throw S3 form a common junction because of conllinear, and this common junction is the first input end of described regulating circuit; The other end of power switch S1 is electrically connected with a fixed terminals of slide rheostat W; Another fixed terminals of slide rheostat W is the second input end of described regulating circuit; The slip terminals of slide rheostat W are electrically connected with another quiet edge of a knife terminals of double-pole single throw S3; 2 moving knife mouth terminals of double-pole single throw S3 are the first output terminal and second output terminal of described regulating circuit.
Further scheme is: the integrator of above-mentioned magnetic parameters device comprises integration control switch S 2, resistance R 2, capacitor C 1, resistance R 3 and operational amplifier A R1;
One end of integration control switch S 2 is the first input end of described integrator; The other end of integration control switch S 2 is electrically connected with one end of resistance R 2; One end of the other end of resistance R 2, the inverting input of operational amplifier A R1, capacitor C 1 and one end conllinear of resistance R 3; The normal phase input end of operational amplifier A R1 is the second input end of described integrator; The output terminal of the other end of capacitor C 1, the other end of resistance R 3 and operational amplifier A R1 forms a common junction because of conllinear, and this common junction is the output terminal of described integrator.
Further scheme also has: the integrator output voltage of above-mentioned magnetic parameters device is
;
relative error is Er;
According to the requirement of relative error Er, the input resistance of corresponding the enlargement factor K, integrating resistor R2, integrating capacitor C1 and the operational amplifier A R1 that determine described operational amplifier A R1
value.
The present invention has positive effect: (1) magnetic material magnetic parameters of the present invention method, simple to operation, time saving and energy saving, cost is lower.(2) magnetic material magnetic parameters method of the present invention, the measurement mechanism that it adopts, can be according to the requirement of measuring error, the parameter of relevant components and parts in corresponding selected integrator, thus realize high-precision measurement.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit structure block diagram of magnetic material magnetic parameters device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of electrical schematic diagram of Fig. 1; In figure, show external 220V AC power and schematically drawn the magnet ring T1 as a kind of tested magnetic material;
Fig. 3 is the principle of work schematic diagram of integrator in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is method flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
(embodiment 1)
See Fig. 1, the measurement mechanism that the magnetic material magnetic parameters method of the present embodiment adopts, is mainly made up of fuse, regulating circuit, reometer, sample resistance, coil winding, dual trace oscilloscope, integrator and voltage table.
Coil winding, is wrapped in tested magnetic material when measuring; Regulating circuit, for changing coil winding both end voltage; Integrator, for phase shift, makes output voltage and coil winding input current same-phase; Dual trace oscilloscope, for read coil winding momentary current, integrator output voltage and observation magnetic hysteresis loop; Sample resistance, for current sampling; Reometer, crosses coil winding current value for monitoring flow; Voltage table, for monitoring the output voltage of integrator.
Regulating circuit is provided with first input end, the second input end, the first output terminal and the second output terminal; Reometer has input end and output terminal; Coil winding is provided with primary coil and secondary coil, and primary coil and secondary coil are wound around mutually; The primary coil of coil winding has first input end and the second input end; The secondary coil of coil winding has the first output terminal and the second output terminal; Dual trace oscilloscope has first signal input end, secondary signal input end and earth terminal; Integrator is provided with first input end, the second input end and output terminal; Voltage table has first input end and the second input end.
The input end of reometer is electrically connected with the first output terminal of regulating circuit; The first signal input end conllinear of the second output terminal of regulating circuit, one end of sample resistance and dual trace oscilloscope; The output terminal of reometer is electrically connected with the first input end of the primary coil of coil winding; The equal ground connection of earth terminal of the second input end of the other end of sample resistance, the primary coil of coil winding and dual trace oscilloscope; The first input end of integrator is electrically connected with the first output terminal of the secondary coil of coil winding; The second input end of integrator is electrically connected with the second output terminal of the secondary coil of coil winding and ground connection; The secondary signal input end conllinear of the output terminal of integrator, the first input end of voltage table and dual trace oscilloscope; The second input end grounding of voltage table.
One end of fuse is electrically connected with the first input end of regulating circuit; When use, the second input end external AC power supply of the other end of fuse and regulating circuit.
See Fig. 2, aforesaid regulating circuit is mainly made up of power switch S1, slide rheostat W and double-pole single throw S3.A quiet edge of a knife terminals of one end of power switch S1 and double-pole single throw S3 form a common junction because of conllinear, and this common junction is the first input end of aforesaid electric current commutation circuit; The other end of power switch S1 is electrically connected with a fixed terminals of slide rheostat W; Another fixed terminals of slide rheostat W is the second input end of aforesaid regulating circuit; The slip terminals of slide rheostat W are electrically connected with another quiet edge of a knife terminals of double-pole single throw S3; Two moving knife mouth terminals of double-pole single throw S3 are the first output terminal and second output terminal of aforesaid electric current commutation circuit;
Aforesaid fuse is the FUSE1 in Fig. 2; Reometer is the reometer A in Fig. 2; Aforesaid sample resistance is the resistance R 1 in Fig. 2; Aforesaid voltage table is the voltage table V in Fig. 2; Aforesaid dual trace oscilloscope is the OSC1 in Fig. 2, and its X-axis signal input part and Y-axis signal input part are first signal input end and the secondary signal input end of aforesaid dual trace oscilloscope, and its GND end is the earth terminal of aforesaid dual trace oscilloscope; The primary coil of aforesaid coil winding is the L1 in Fig. 2, and secondary coil is the L2 in Fig. 2.Dual trace oscilloscope OSC1 is used for reading current instantaneous value, integrator output voltage value and observes the magnetic hysteresis loop of tested magnetic material.Reometer A is for monitoring the current value that coil winding flows through; Voltage table V is for monitoring the magnitude of voltage of integrator output.The fundamental purpose of reometer A and voltage meter V monitoring is to prevent that current value and magnitude of voltage from exceeding the range of dual trace oscilloscope.
Integrator is made up of integration control switch S 2, resistance R 2, capacitor C 1, resistance R 3 and operational amplifier A R1.
One end of integration control switch S 2 is the first input end of aforesaid integrator; The other end of integration control switch S 2 is electrically connected with one end of resistance R 2; One end of the other end of resistance R 2, the inverting input of operational amplifier A R1, capacitor C 1 and one end conllinear of resistance R 3; The normal phase input end of operational amplifier A R1 is the second input end of aforesaid integrator; The output terminal of the other end of capacitor C 1, the other end of resistance R 3 and operational amplifier A R1 forms a common junction because of conllinear, and this common junction is the output terminal of aforesaid integrator.
In integrator, the selection of resistance R 2 and resistance R 3 need to meet R3C1 > > R2C1; Resistance R 3 plays regulated output voltage effect, needs enough large resistance.
Referring to Fig. 3, in figure,
,
be respectively the input and output resistance that operational amplifier A R1 has self; R2 is integrating resistor, and C1 is integrating capacitor; U
iand U
0be respectively the input and output voltage of integrator; Determining of the correlation parameter of the circuit elements device in integrator can be according to the output voltage of integrator
relative error require to select definite.In other words, by controlling output voltage
the size of relative error, the precision that realizes this measurement device is controlled:
（1）
(2), in formula, K is the enlargement factor of operational amplifier A R1;
Therefore have:
(3)
(4)
Formula (4) substitution formula (1) is obtained
（5）
Again because:
substitution formula (5) obtains:
Formula (4) substitution formula (5) obtains
Abbreviation obtains
When
it is very large,
time,
，
If when K>>1,
(6)，
Output voltage U
0with input voltage
be integrated into proportional relation,
relative error is:
Thereby according to the requirement of relative error Er, by the input resistance of enlargement factor K, integrating resistor R2, integrating capacitor C1 and the operational amplifier A R1 of the corresponding definite operational amplifier A R1 of above formula
value.
The measuring method of the magnetic material magnetic parameter of embodiment, describes as an example of magnet ring example:
Still see Fig. 2, the inner and outer diameter of tested magnet ring T1 is respectively d and D; The primary coil L1 of coil winding is identical with the secondary coil L2 number of turn, is n circle.
Measuring method mainly comprises the following steps:
1. by the primary coil L1 of coil winding and secondary coil L2 tangle up, and be wrapped on measured magnet ring T1 simultaneously;
2. power up, crossed the electric current registration I of coil winding by dual trace oscilloscope reading flow; Amp gauge monitoring flow is crossed the electric current in coil winding; If magnetic field intensity is H, obtained by Ampere circuit law:
，
Because measured material is magnet ring, above formula can be rewritten as
, in formula, the number of turn that n is coil;
for the average perimeter at magnet ring T1 center;
Thereby calculate magnetic field intensity H;
3. because of the magnetic flux of magnet ring T1
there is following relation with the magnetic induction density B at this place:
Wherein n and S are respectively coil turn on magnet ring T1 and the useful flux area of magnet ring; In coil winding, pass to exchange current, in coil winding, produce the magnetic field of alternation, cause magnetic flux
change:
(7)；
Ignore leakage inductance, the induced electromotive force now producing in magnet ring T1 secondary coil is
，
(8)；
Again due to:
(6)，
Thereby obtained by (6) formula, (7) formula and (8) formula:
(9)
Read the output voltage illustrating of dual trace oscilloscope
numerical value, through type (9) calculates magnetic induction density B; The output voltage of voltage meter monitoring integrator;
4. because magnetic field intensity H and magnetic induction density B have following relation:
, wherein
, M is the magnetization;
Thereby:
By calculating magnetization M value;
If when in tested magnetic material, an at least large order of magnitude of the numeric ratio H of M is above, magnetization M can be by being reduced to
calculate.
5. by the magnetic hysteresis loop of dual trace oscilloscope real-time monitored magnet ring T1.
In the time that tested magnetic material is bar magnet or magnetic patch, principle and the method for measurement are basic identical.
Above embodiment and application examples are the explanations to the specific embodiment of the present invention; but not limitation of the present invention; person skilled in the relevant technique without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make various conversion and variation and obtain the corresponding technical scheme being equal to, therefore all technical schemes that are equal to all should be included into scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a magnetic material magnetic parameters method, is characterized in that: implemented by magnetic parameters device; Described magnetic parameters device comprises:
Coil winding, is wrapped in tested magnetic material when measuring;
Regulating circuit, for changing coil winding both end voltage;
Integrator, for phase shift, makes output voltage and coil winding input current same-phase;
Dual trace oscilloscope, for read coil winding momentary current, integrator output voltage and observation magnetic hysteresis loop;
Sample resistance, for current sampling;
Reometer, crosses coil winding current value for monitoring flow;
Voltage table, for monitoring the output voltage of integrator;
Measuring method mainly comprises the following steps:
1. by the primary coil of coil winding and secondary coil tangle up, and be wrapped on tested magnetic material simultaneously;
2. device powers up, and is crossed the electric current registration I of coil winding by dual trace oscilloscope reading flow; Amp gauge monitoring flow is crossed the electric current in coil winding; If magnetic field intensity is H, by Ampere circuit law:
Calculating magnetic field intensity is H;
3. because of the magnetic flux of magnetic material
there is following relation with the magnetic induction density B at this place:
Wherein n and S are respectively coil turn on magnet ring T1 and the useful flux area of magnet ring; In coil winding, pass to exchange current, in coil winding, produce the magnetic field of alternation, cause magnetic flux
change:
(7)；
Ignore leakage inductance, the induced electromotive force now producing in secondary coil is
，
(8)；
Again due to:
(6)，
Thereby obtained by (6) formula, (7) formula and (8) formula:
(9)
Read the output voltage illustrating of dual trace oscilloscope
numerical value, through type (9) calculates magnetic induction density B; The output voltage of voltage meter monitoring integrator;
4. because magnetic field intensity H and magnetic induction density B have following relation:
, wherein
, M is the magnetization;
Thereby:
By calculating magnetization M value;
5. by the magnetic hysteresis loop of dual trace oscilloscope real-time monitored magnetic material.
2. magnetic material magnetic parameters method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2. in, if measured material is magnet ring, the computing formula of this step can be rewritten as:
, in formula, the number of turn that n is coil;
for the average perimeter at magnet ring T1 center;
Thereby calculate magnetic field intensity H.
3. magnetic material magnetic parameters method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 4. in, if when in tested magnetic material, an at least large order of magnitude of the numeric ratio H of M is above, magnetization M can be by being reduced to
calculate.
4. magnetic material magnetic parameters method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the regulating circuit of described magnetic parameters device is provided with first input end, the second input end, the first output terminal and the second output terminal; Reometer has input end and output terminal; Coil winding is provided with primary coil and secondary coil, and primary coil and secondary coil are wound around mutually; The primary coil of coil winding has first input end and the second input end; The secondary coil of coil winding has the first output terminal and the second output terminal; Dual trace oscilloscope has first signal input end, secondary signal input end and earth terminal; Integrator is provided with first input end, the second input end and output terminal; Voltage table has first input end and the second input end;
The input end of reometer is electrically connected with the first output terminal of regulating circuit; The first signal input end conllinear of the second output terminal of regulating circuit, one end of sample resistance and dual trace oscilloscope; The output terminal of reometer is electrically connected with the first input end of the primary coil of coil winding; The equal ground connection of earth terminal of the second input end of the other end of sample resistance, the primary coil of coil winding and dual trace oscilloscope; The first input end of integrator is electrically connected with the first output terminal of the secondary coil of coil winding; The second input end of integrator is electrically connected with the second output terminal of the secondary coil of coil winding and ground connection; The secondary signal input end conllinear of the output terminal of integrator, the first input end of voltage table and dual trace oscilloscope; The second input end grounding of voltage table.
5. magnetic material magnetic parameters method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: also comprise fuse FUSE1, described one end of fuse FUSE1 and the first input end of regulating circuit are electrically connected; When use, the second input end external AC power supply of the other end of fuse FUSE1 and regulating circuit.
6. magnetic material magnetic parameters method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described regulating circuit comprises power switch S1, slide rheostat W and double-pole single throw S3; A quiet edge of a knife terminals of one end of power switch S1 and double-pole single throw S3 form a common junction because of conllinear, and this common junction is the first input end of described regulating circuit; The other end of power switch S1 is electrically connected with a fixed terminals of slide rheostat W; Another fixed terminals of slide rheostat W is the second input end of described regulating circuit; The slip terminals of slide rheostat W are electrically connected with another quiet edge of a knife terminals of double-pole single throw S3; 2 moving knife mouth terminals of double-pole single throw S3 are the first output terminal and second output terminal of described regulating circuit.
7. magnetic material magnetic parameters method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described integrator comprises integration control switch S 2, resistance R 2, capacitor C 1, resistance R 3 and operational amplifier A R1;
One end of integration control switch S 2 is the first input end of described integrator; The other end of integration control switch S 2 is electrically connected with one end of resistance R 2; One end of the other end of resistance R 2, the inverting input of operational amplifier A R1, capacitor C 1 and one end conllinear of resistance R 3; The normal phase input end of operational amplifier A R1 is the second input end of described integrator; The output terminal of the other end of capacitor C 1, the other end of resistance R 3 and operational amplifier A R1 forms a common junction because of conllinear, and this common junction is the output terminal of described integrator.
8. magnetic material magnetic parameters method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described integrator output voltage is
;
relative error is Er;
According to the requirement of relative error Er, the input resistance of corresponding the enlargement factor K, integrating resistor R2, integrating capacitor C1 and the operational amplifier A R1 that determine described operational amplifier A R1
value.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN105022008A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-11-04 | 上海光溢照明电器有限公司 | Sorting testing method for magnetic rings |
| CN105676154A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-06-15 | 南通大学 | Magnetic entropy change measurement method of ferromagnetic material specially suitable for PPMS |
| CN111812566A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-23 | 沈阳工业大学 | System and method for measuring magnetic properties of liquid material |
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| CN105676154A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-06-15 | 南通大学 | Magnetic entropy change measurement method of ferromagnetic material specially suitable for PPMS |
| CN105676154B (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2018-05-18 | 南通大学 | Magnetic entropy change measurement method of ferromagnetic material specially suitable for PPMS |
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Application publication date: 20140723 |
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