CN103368426A - Photovoltaic inverter with open-circuit voltage protection function - Google Patents
Photovoltaic inverter with open-circuit voltage protection function Download PDFInfo
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- CN103368426A CN103368426A CN2013103331162A CN201310333116A CN103368426A CN 103368426 A CN103368426 A CN 103368426A CN 2013103331162 A CN2013103331162 A CN 2013103331162A CN 201310333116 A CN201310333116 A CN 201310333116A CN 103368426 A CN103368426 A CN 103368426A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention relates to a photovoltaic inverter with an open-circuit voltage protection function. The photovoltaic inverter comprises a direct-current-side circuit, an inverter bridge and an alternating-current-side circuit, which are sequentially connected with a photovoltaic string, wherein the direct-current-side circuit comprises a direct-current-side lightning protection device and a direct-current-side filter, the direct-current-side circuit also comprises a direct-current isolation switch and a direct-current relay, one end of the direct-current isolation switch is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic string, the other end of the direct-current isolation switch is connected with the direct-current-side lightning protection device, and the direct-current relay is arranged between the direct-current-side lightning protection device and the direct-current-side filter. By adopting the photovoltaic inverter, the overall dimension of the photovoltaic inverter can be reduced, the cost is reduced, the number of the photovoltaic strings is unnecessary to reduce, the power generation potential of the assembly can be adequately played, the open-circuit voltage protection is realized, and the safety potential danger is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar photovoltaic technology field, particularly a kind of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter with open circuit voltage defencive function.
Background technology
Solar photovoltaic generation system uses the semiconductor optoelectronic principle, utilizes photovoltaic module that the solar radiation Conversion of Energy is direct current, sends into inverter, and inverter is converted to alternating current to direct current, is connected to the grid, and finishes power conversion and utilizes process.According to designing and the inverter requirements of type selecting about photovoltaic system among international IEC standard and the Chinese GB50797-2012 " photo-voltaic power generation station design specification ", photovoltaic group string open circuit voltage (Voc) must not be higher than inverter direct current maximum withstand voltage (Vmax).If group string open circuit voltage surpasses permissible value, may cause permanent damage.The structural representation of existing photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter as shown in Figure 1, photovoltaic group string 1 connects the dc circuit breaker 2 of DC side, and DC side is equipped with direct current voltage sensor 3, and photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is that overall process is moved automatically, its course of work is: dc circuit breaker 2 manual closings, alternating-current switch 4 manual closings, direct current voltage sensor 3 monitoring dc voltages are if surpass starting resistor, AC begins the same period, simultaneous completion, the closed A.C. contactor 5 of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter operation.In the said process, dc circuit breaker 2 is in closure state all the time, and photovoltaic group string 1 open circuit voltage is added in above the direct current positive and negative busbar all the time, and the part inversion bridge circuit cards in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter bears open circuit voltage equally.Dc circuit breaker 2 must closing by hand without automatic switching-in function.Therefore, automatically move in the time of can't realizing the DC side open mode.For photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, 1000V normally is in the separation of low pressure and high pressure, the following device price of 1000V is more cheap, especially IGBT device, for voltage and sensitivity thereof, therefore 1000V or following electric pressure device are mostly selected by inverter manufacturer, and by this standard processing circuit board.If group string open circuit voltage surpasses 1000V, electronic device or circuit board insulation possibility failure are exactly above-mentioned said permanent damage, and this will do one's utmost to be avoided.
Therefore, existing photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter does not possess the open circuit voltage defencive function, and the photovoltaic group string open circuit voltage (Voc) that GB requires must not be higher than inverter direct current maximum withstand voltage (Vmax), and this is generally used for the selection of photovoltaic group string series connection number.Because the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter direct voltage is usually less than 900V or 1000V, so assembly series connection number also is so limited.Group string series connection open circuit voltage=single component open circuit voltage * series connection number, single component open circuit voltage influencing factor comprises temperature and radiancy, and wherein, radiancy is less on the impact of single component open circuit voltage, and especially radiancy is at 400/m
2When above, the assembly open circuit voltage is more or less the same substantially; Affecting assembly open circuit voltage the biggest factor is temperature.Take typical crystal silicon photovoltaic assembly as example, reference condition STC(air quality AM=1.5, reference condition radiancy 1000W/m
2, 25 ℃ of assembly temperatures), single component open circuit voltage Voc=44.6V.Temperature coefficient :-0.34%/℃. the environment minimum temperature is-25 ℃.1 ℃ of the every decline of temperature, open circuit voltage raises 0.34%.If former group of string series connection number is 20, open circuit voltage is under the minimum temperature: 44.6 * 20 * (1+0.34% * (25-(-25)))=1043.64V.If be that 1000V calculates according to the High Level DC Voltage of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, above-mentioned group of string open circuit voltage surpassed boundary, and assembly series connection number can only reduce, and gets 19.Reduce assembly series connection number, can will increase the investments such as cable and support, the unfavorable assembly generating potentiality of giving full play to, investment has negative effect to solar energy photovoltaic system.
In addition, according to the design specification requirement, accounting temperature is selected according to extreme minimum temperature at present.But extreme minimum temperature is often more than low 20 ℃ of the normal temperature, and since climate change the ultralow temperature situation to occur in recent years many.Such as: China's photovoltaic plant is Qinghai Province, concentrated area city relatively, and mean winter temperature is about-1 ℃, and the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter operation most of the time (surpassing 90%) is all more than-5 ℃; The 10 years extreme temperatures in this city are at-30 ℃, and winter last year unexpectedly occurring minimum temperature is-38 ℃.If rely on simply over-designed to come protection equipment, the one, sacrificed cost performance, the 2nd, can not realize fully protection, potential safety hazard is still arranged.
Summary of the invention
The inverter direct current is maximum withstand voltagely to cause the increase of investment such as cable and support and cost performance is low and still have the problem of potential safety hazard so that photovoltaic group string open circuit voltage must not be higher than to the present invention is directed to existing photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter by reducing photovoltaic group string number and coming; a kind of novel photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter with open circuit voltage defencive function is provided; adopt direct-current isolating switch and direct current relay parts; can reduce the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter overall dimensions; reduce cost; need not to reduce photovoltaic group string number; can give full play to assembly generating potentiality, realize the open circuit voltage protection and reduced potential safety hazard.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter with open circuit voltage defencive function; comprise the DC side circuit, inverter bridge and the AC circuit that are connected successively with photovoltaic group string; described DC side circuit comprises DC side lightning protection device and wave filter on DC side; it is characterized in that; described DC side circuit also comprises direct-current isolating switch and direct current relay; one end of described direct-current isolating switch links to each other with the output of photovoltaic group string; the other end of described direct-current isolating switch links to each other with the DC side lightning protection device, and described direct current relay is arranged between DC side lightning protection device and the wave filter on DC side.
Described DC side circuit also comprises dc fuse, and described dc fuse is arranged between direct current relay and the wave filter on DC side.
Described dc fuse is fast acting fuse.
Be provided with photovoltaic DC side incoming power at the DC side circuit; And/or, be provided with AC outlet switch power supply at AC; And/or, be provided with ups power at AC.
The withstand voltage of described direct current relay is 2200V, and rated operational voltage is 900V.
Described DC side circuit also comprises DC side insulating monitoring circuit, and described DC side insulating monitoring circuit is arranged at the output of wave filter on DC side.
Technique effect of the present invention is as follows:
Photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter with open circuit voltage defencive function provided by the invention; in DC side direct-current isolating switch and direct current relay are set; direct-current isolating switch is arranged between photovoltaic group string and the DC side lightning protection device; direct current relay is arranged between DC side lightning protection device and the wave filter on DC side; photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the present invention has changed the DC side circuit design; cancelled the dc circuit breaker in traditional photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter; replace with direct-current isolating switch and direct current relay; when photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is worked; direct current relay keeps normally off; and behind the closed direct-current isolating switch; after the DC side circuit of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter and AC circuit all move; if continuous off-state voltage is in the permission standard; the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter continuous firing; if continuous off-state voltage surpasses the permission standard; then disconnect direct current relay; direct current relay keeps open circuit; until ambient temperature rises to a certain degree; continuous off-state voltage drops to tolerance interval; this moment, direct current relay can auto-closing, so that photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter reenters start-up routine.Photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the present invention, owing to cancelled bulky and expensive dc circuit breaker device, employing can be satisfied direct-current isolating switch and the direct current relay of solar photovoltaic generation system designing requirement, so that the size reduction of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, and reduced to a great extent cost.And, photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the present invention is according to the actual conditions of continuous off-state voltage, can control auto-closing and the unlatching of direct current relay, avoided traditional photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter by dc circuit breaker as dc switch so that open circuit voltage be added in all the time on the direct current positive and negative busbar, cause the dc switch can't automatic closing, automatically move in the time of can not realizing the DC side open mode, and cause the problem of permanent damage circuit.Photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the present invention need not to reduce photovoltaic group string number; be not to rely on simply conservative design to come protection equipment; it is withstand voltage to guarantee that photovoltaic group string open circuit voltage is not higher than inverter direct current maximum; realize the open circuit voltage defencive function; so that protection is more perfect; and reduced the investment of cable and Frame lamp; returns of investment have been increased; improved cost performance; can give full play to assembly generating potentiality; and reduced potential safety hazard, so that the operation of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter and even whole solar photovoltaic generation system is safer.
Photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the present invention arranges dc fuse at the DC side circuit; this dc fuse is arranged between direct current relay and the wave filter on DC side; in order to obtain signal from direct current relay, as the protection of short circuit and overcurrent, to keep enough protective effects.
Preferably be provided with photovoltaic DC side incoming power at the DC side circuit, be provided with AC outlet switch power supply at AC, be provided with ups power at AC, this arranges the DC power supply circuit of having revised existing photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, one or more power supply presentation modes are set, especially when the multiple power sources presentation mode, multiple power supplies is for subsequent use each other, has improved optics inverter and even whole solar photovoltaic generation system Operation safety.
At the DC side circuit DC side insulating monitoring circuit is set; this DC side insulating monitoring circuit is arranged at the output of wave filter on DC side; by DC side insulating monitoring circuit continuous off-state voltage is carried out Real-Time Monitoring; to keep enough protective effects; so that protection is more perfect, the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter operation is safer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that the present invention has the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of open circuit voltage defencive function.
Fig. 3 is the preferred structure schematic diagram of the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the present invention with open circuit voltage defencive function.
Each label lists as follows among the figure:
1-photovoltaic group string; The 2-dc circuit breaker; The 3-direct current voltage sensor; The 4-alternating-current switch; The 5-A.C. contactor; The 6-direct-current isolating switch; 7-DC side lightning protection device; The 8-direct current relay; The 9-wave filter on DC side; The 10-fast acting fuse; 11-DC side insulating monitoring circuit; 12-photovoltaic DC side incoming power; 13-AC outlet switch power supply; The 14-UPS power supply; The 15-inverter bridge; The 16-data-interface; The 17-wave filter on AC side.
Embodiment
The present invention will be described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The present invention relates to a kind of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter with open circuit voltage defencive function; its structure as shown in Figure 2; comprise the DC side circuit that is connected successively with photovoltaic group string 1; also comprise the AC circuit; utilize photovoltaic group string 1 that the solar radiation power conversion is direct current; through DC side circuit and AC circuit, finally this direct current is converted to alternating current output, is connected to the grid.The DC side circuit comprises direct current voltage sensor 3, direct-current isolating switch 6, DC side lightning protection device 7, direct current relay 8 and wave filter on DC side 9, wherein, one end of direct-current isolating switch 6 links to each other with the output of photovoltaic group string 1, the other end of direct-current isolating switch 6 links to each other with DC side lightning protection device 7, and direct current relay 8 is arranged between DC side lightning protection device 7 and the wave filter on DC side 9.The AC circuit comprises alternating-current switch 4, A.C. contactor 5 and wave filter on AC side 17.
The present invention has the course of work of the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of open circuit voltage defencive function: direct current relay 8 keeps normally off, closed direct-current isolating switch 6, alternating-current switch 4 manual closings, monitor dc voltages by the direct current voltage sensor 3 that is installed in DC side: if surpass starting resistor, AC begins the same period, simultaneous completion, the closed A.C. contactor 5 of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter operation; Enough if there is starting resistor, but the not enough 1KW situation of power output may occur such as severe cold weather morning, the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter operation of usually will delaying time.This moment, direct current voltage sensor kept the monitoring continuous off-state voltage, if open circuit voltage in the permission standard, in 1000V, photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter continues to wait for until time-delay finishes, and restarts; If open circuit voltage surpasses the permission standard, then disconnect direct current relay 8.Direct current relay 8 keeps open circuit, until ambient temperature rises to a certain degree, continuous off-state voltage drops to tolerance interval, and this moment, direct current relay 8 can auto-closing, so that photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter reenters start-up routine.
The DC side circuit of the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter in the solar photovoltaic generation system needs overcurrent protection; after the dc circuit breaker of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter replaced with direct-current isolating switch and direct current relay; can also increase current protector in DC side, satisfy short-circuit protection function.Fig. 3 is the preferred structure schematic diagram of the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the present invention with open circuit voltage defencive function; also be provided with dc fuse in the DC side circuit of the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of this embodiment, this dc fuse is arranged between direct current relay 8 and the wave filter on DC side 9.Dc fuse preferably adopts fast acting fuse 10, and effect is the protection of short circuit and overcurrent.Preferred direct current relay 8 adopts up-to-date large capacity high direct current relay, withstand voltage 2200VDC, and rated operational voltage 900VDC, continuous electrical current 500A, turn-off current can reach 3200A.Can be understood as this moment is with the cancellation of the dc circuit breaker in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the prior art shown in Figure 1, replaces with direct-current isolating switch 6+ direct current relay 8+ fast acting fuse 10.This setting can improve photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter even whole solar photovoltaic generation system Operation safety, improves the cost performance of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter design, greatly reduces the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter overall dimensions simultaneously, reduces cost.
Photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter shown in Figure 3 is to set gradually the direct-current isolating switch 6 that links to each other with photovoltaic group string 1 in DC side, DC side lightning protection device 7, direct current relay 8, fast acting fuse 10 and wave filter on DC side 9, output at wave filter on DC side also is provided with DC side insulating monitoring circuit 11, this DC side insulating monitoring circuit 11 can carry out Real-Time Monitoring to continuous off-state voltage, surpass the permission standard if monitor continuous off-state voltage, can send alarm signal by DC side insulating monitoring circuit 11 self or the control circuit of establishing in addition, disconnect on the one hand direct current relay 8, activating alarm is to a distant place on the other hand.Direct current relay 8 keeps open circuit, until ambient temperature rises to a certain degree, continuous off-state voltage drops to tolerance interval, and control circuit sends signal closes direct current relay 8, so that photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter reenters start-up routine.DC side lightning protection device 7 and DC side insulating monitoring circuit 11 all go to from direct current relay 8 in fact and obtain signal, to keep enough protective effects.
Photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter with open circuit voltage defencive function provided by the invention is preferably set up one or more power supplys circuit is provided, and specifically can be provided with photovoltaic DC side incoming power 12 at the DC side circuit, takes from photovoltaic DC side inlet wire; Be provided with AC outlet switch power supply 13 at AC; Be provided with ups power 14 at AC, this arranges the DC power supply circuit of having revised existing photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, one or more power supply presentation modes are set, especially when the multiple power sources presentation mode, multiple power supplies is for subsequent use each other, has improved optics inverter and even whole solar photovoltaic generation system Operation safety.
In photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, because relevant criterion has requirement to the interference of being incorporated into the power networks, wave filter on AC side 17 is set preferably usually, eliminate the interference in the AC circuit, the interference that wave filter on DC side 9 is eliminated in the DC side circuit is set.Has inverter bridge 15 in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, can be understood as is that a side of inverter bridge 15 is the DC side circuit, opposite side is the AC circuit, be provided with data-interface 16 on the inverter bridge 15, such as I/O interface, RS485 interface, data logger interface etc., but the input of data logger interface JA(junction ambient) sensor signal is with record ambient temperature measuring point data, photovoltaic group string temperature point data, amount of radiation measuring point data etc.
Photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is different from general direct current system, the direct current output of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter can't form very large impulse current, simultaneously, its characteristic is influenced by environmental temperature, more consideration DC equipment breaking capacity and better arc extinguishing ability in traditional design and the type selecting, but this operating mode can't appear in the actual motion.Be that scope range of the fluctuation of voltage is large and operating mode may occur, photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter and even whole solar photovoltaic generation system safe operation are threatened greatly.This is the exclusive characteristics of photovoltaic energy system, existing a plurality of project operation records are confirmed, and especially at the normal low temperature that the design extreme temperature occurs surpassing of some cold district, cause photovoltaic cell board component group string open circuit voltage to surpass design value, so that the equipment permanent damages is brought potential safety hazard simultaneously.The photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter with open circuit voltage defencive function that the present invention relates to; the DC side circuit adopts the unique design of direct-current isolating switch and direct current relay; realize traditional function by higher price-performance ratio; has simultaneously the open circuit voltage defencive function; effectively protected photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter integral device circuit, simultaneously, so that the size reduction of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter; and having reduced to a great extent cost, cost can be saved more than 80%.And; so that system is more reasonable; more meet the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter operation characteristic; need not to reduce photovoltaic group string number, it is withstand voltage to guarantee that photovoltaic group string open circuit voltage is not higher than inverter direct current maximum, realizes the open circuit voltage defencive function; so that protection is more perfect; move saferly, improved cost performance, increased returns of investment.
Should be pointed out that the above embodiment can make the invention of those skilled in the art's comprehend, but do not limit the present invention in any way creation.Therefore; although this specification has been described in detail the invention with reference to drawings and Examples; but; those skilled in the art are to be understood that; still can make amendment or be equal to replacement the invention; in a word, all do not break away from technical scheme and the improvement thereof of the spirit and scope of the invention, and it all should be encompassed in the middle of the protection range of the invention patent.
Claims (6)
1. photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter with open circuit voltage defencive function; comprise the DC side circuit, inverter bridge and the AC circuit that are connected successively with photovoltaic group string; described DC side circuit comprises DC side lightning protection device and wave filter on DC side; it is characterized in that; described DC side circuit also comprises direct-current isolating switch and direct current relay; one end of described direct-current isolating switch links to each other with the output of photovoltaic group string; the other end of described direct-current isolating switch links to each other with the DC side lightning protection device, and described direct current relay is arranged between DC side lightning protection device and the wave filter on DC side.
2. photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described DC side circuit also comprises dc fuse, and described dc fuse is arranged between direct current relay and the wave filter on DC side.
3. photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described dc fuse is fast acting fuse.
4. according to claim 1 to one of 3 described photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters, it is characterized in that, be provided with photovoltaic DC side incoming power at the DC side circuit; And/or, be provided with AC outlet switch power supply at AC; And/or, be provided with ups power at AC.
5. photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the withstand voltage of described direct current relay is 2200V, and rated operational voltage is 900V.
6. according to claim 1 to one of 3 described photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters, it is characterized in that described DC side circuit also comprises DC side insulating monitoring circuit, described DC side insulating monitoring circuit is arranged at the output of wave filter on DC side.
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Cited By (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104410318A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-03-11 | 安徽启光能源科技研究院有限公司 | Inversion and rectification integrated power conversion circuit |
| CN105262048A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-01-20 | 刘力源 | Secondary protection circuit of off-grid home energy system |
| CN110417272A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-11-05 | 北京动力源新能源科技有限责任公司 | A kind of vehicle fuel battery DC-DC converter and automotive power |
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| CN110417272A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-11-05 | 北京动力源新能源科技有限责任公司 | A kind of vehicle fuel battery DC-DC converter and automotive power |
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Application publication date: 20131023 |