CN102826538A - Method for preparing nitrogen-doped carbonaceous material by modifying polymer - Google Patents
Method for preparing nitrogen-doped carbonaceous material by modifying polymer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a nitrogen-doped carbonaceous material by modifying polymer, which can be used for preparing the nitrogen-doped carbonaceous material with the nitrogen doping amount of 5 to 26 at%. The method disclosed by the invention is characterized by comprising the following steps of: selecting a nitrogen-containing organic compound as a nitrogen precursor and utilizing the nitrogen-containing organic compound to perform polymerization reaction on a carbonaceous material to form a compound of the nitrogen-containing polymer and carbonaceous material; and then carrying out heat treatment on the polymer/carbonaceous material compound in the inert atmosphere to carbonize nitrogen-containing polymer in the compound so as to implement the nitrogen doping on the carbonaceous material and prepare the nitrogen-doped carbonaceous material. According to the invention, when the carbonaceous material is subjected to effective nitrogen doping, the original intrinsic structure of the carbonaceous material can be ensured; moreover, the nitrogen-doped carbonaceous material with the nitrogen content of 5 to 26 at% can be prepared; the specific capacity of using a carbon material as an electrode material of a supercapacitor is obviously improved; and the method has the characteristics of simple technical process and wide applicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technology of preparing of nitrogen-doped carbon material, particularly a kind of polymer modification prepares the method for nitrogen-doped carbon material.
Background technology
Carbon material is because its unique physics-chem characteristic has extensively and important use it in fields such as material, chemical industry, biological medicine, the energy, electronics, aerospace and military projects.In recent years, the synthetic and Development of Preparation Technology along with new carbon (like carbon nanotube, Graphene etc.), the discovery of especially novel and excellent function, carbon material is generally believed one of the functional materials that is tool future of 21st century.Yet; Because the hydrophobic nature essence and the surfactivity thereof of carbon are low, make carbon material, especially the widespread use of some nano-carbon materials or porous carbon materials (thomel, carbon nanotube, activated carbon, Graphene etc.) is restricted; Therefore; Through carbon material is carried out surface-treated, improve its water-dispersion performance and surfactivity, become developing and promote the effective way that carbon material is used.It is through in carbon skeleton, introducing nitrogen heteroatom that nitrogen mixes, or introduces nitrogen-containing functional group at carbon material surface, thereby carbon material is carried out class methods of modification; It not only can effectively improve the water-soluble of carbon material and improve surfactivity; And can strengthen the electroconductibility of carbon material and give carbon material some new function, strengthen its application performance, as in the ultracapacitor field; Nitrogen doping porous carbon material can enlarge markedly ratio electric capacity (the Denisa Hulicova-Jurcakova of electrical condenser through accurate faraday's reaction that its nitrogen-containing functional group is introduced as electrode of super capacitor; Masaya Kodama, Soshi Shiraishi, etal.; Nitrogen-rnriched nonporous carbon electrodes with extraordinary supercapacitance; Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009,19,1800 – 1809); In the burning-point field of batteries, the nitrogen-doped carbon material is as support of the catalyst, can improve on the one hand noble metal catalyst the dispersed of carrier surface and with the bonding strength of carrier; Improve catalyst activity and work-ing life, on the other hand, recent research is found; Nitrogen heteroatom in the carbon support itself also has certain hydrogen reduction catalytic activity, thereby can reduce usage of noble metal catalysts (Y. Tang, B.L. Allen; D.R. Kauffman, et al., Electrocatalytic activity of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups; J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009,131:13200-13201).
At present; Synthetic or preparation nitrogen-doped carbon material mainly contains following several method: a kind of is in synthetic material with carbon element process; By using nitrogenous precursor to realize nitrogen doping purpose as carbon source, but since in the nitrogenous precursor pyrolytic process a large amount of nitrogen be difficult to obtain high nitrogen doping with the form loss of gas, and the process of removal catalyst can be destroyed carbonaceous material intrinsic structure (Sen usually; R. Satishkumar, B. C.; Govindaraj, A.; Et al., Nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes, J. Mater. Chem., 1997,7 (12): 2335); Another kind is to carry out the nitrogen doping by synthetic material with carbon element being carried out surface chemical modification, like strong acid or NH
3Can realize the available nitrogen of material with carbon element is mixed Deng chemical treatment method, but this kind processing mode also can cause the original structure of material with carbon element to be destroyed when introducing nitrogenous sense; Like (Arrigo such as electric conductivity reductions; R, Havecker, M. Schlogl; R. Su; D. S, Dynamic surface rearrangement and thermal stability of nitrogen functional groups on carbon nanotubes Chem. Commun., 2008:4891); Adopting nitrogenous organic solvent that material with carbon element is carried out the nitrogen doping is a kind of gentle relatively method, because carbonaceous material and organic solvent have good intermiscibility, helps that material with carbon element is carried out even nitrogen and mixes; And can obviously not destroy the original structure feature of material with carbon element, but its itrogen content of getter with nitrogen doped lower (Li Lixiang, Liu Yongchang; Geng Xin, An Baigang, the preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe and Electrochemical Properties; Acta PhySico-Chimica Sinica, 2011,27:443).
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the method that a kind of polymer modification prepares the nitrogen-doped carbon material, can prepare the nitrogen-doped carbon material of nitrogen doping 5-26 at%.
A kind of polymer modification provided by the invention prepares the method for nitrogen-doped carbon material, it is characterized in that:
Select for use organic compounds containing nitrogen as the nitrogen presoma, utilize organic compounds containing nitrogen polymerization reaction take place on blacking, form the mixture of polymer with nitrogen and blacking; Then polymkeric substance/blacking mixture is heat-treated under inert atmosphere, make the polymer with nitrogen carbonization in the mixture, realize the nitrogen of blacking is mixed; Preparation nitrogen-doped carbon material, be specially: the hydrochloric acid that with concentration is 0.1-2mol/L is solvent, successively blacking and nitrogen presoma is joined in the solvent; The mass ratio of nitrogen presoma and blacking is in 11:1-1:20 scope, and ultra-sonic dispersion is 0.5-5 hours then, again mechanical stirring 0.5-1 hour at normal temperatures; Afterwards, in solution, add initiators for polymerization, the mass ratio of nitrogen presoma and initiators for polymerization is controlled at 10:1-1:1 scope; When adding initiators for polymerization, solution is carried out mechanical stirring or ultra-sonic dispersion; Continued mechanical stirring at normal temperatures 0.5-5 hours more afterwards, then solution is cooled to 0-10 ℃, again after filtration, zero(ppm) water cleaning refilter; With the product that obtains under 60-90 ℃ vacuum-drying 10 hours; Dried product under inert atmosphere, is warming up to 600-900 ℃ with 5-10 ℃/minute temperature rise rate, heat-treated in constant temperature 1-5 hour then; Naturally cool to room temperature afterwards, prepare the nitrogen-doped carbon material.
Described blacking is zero dimension blacking or accurate one dimension blacking or two-dimentional blacking, and the zero dimension blacking comprises any one in gac, the soccerballene; Accurate one dimension blacking comprises any one in SWCN, double-walled carbon nano-tube, multi-walled carbon nano-tubes and thomel, the NACF; The two dimension blacking comprises Graphene.
Described organic compounds containing nitrogen comprises any one in aliphatic nitro compound, aromatic nitro compound, amine diazonium compound and azo cpd.
Said amine diazonium compound comprises any one in aliphatic amide, the aromatic amine.
Described initiators for polymerization is persulfuric acid salt initiator or silicone initiator, and persulfuric acid salt initiator comprises ammonium persulphate; Silicone initiator comprises any one in simple function group initiator, bifunctional initiator, ketene silane acetal compound initiator and the phosphinate initiator.
Described inert atmosphere is the mixed gas of any one or they in nitrogen, helium, the argon gas.
The present invention and existing similar compared with techniques, its significant beneficial effect is embodied in:
At the carbon material surface polymerization reaction take place, form the mixture of polymer with nitrogen and carbon material through nitrogenous organic molecule, then, under inert atmosphere, make mixture carbonization at a certain temperature, preparation nitrogen-doped carbon material.This method is being carried out the adulterated while of available nitrogen blacking; Can guarantee the original intrinsic structure of blacking; And can prepare the nitrogen-doped carbon material of nitrogen content up to 5-26at%; Significantly improve the specific storage of carbon material, have the advantages that technological process is simple, suitability is wide as electrode material for super capacitor.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sub-spectrogram of X-ray photoelectric before the polymer modification nitrogen-doped carbon material multi-walled carbon nano-tubes nitrating.
Fig. 2 is the sub-spectrogram of X-ray photoelectric behind the polymer modification nitrogen-doped carbon material multi-walled carbon nano-tubes nitrating.
Fig. 3 is the sub-spectrogram of X-ray photoelectric before the polymer modification nitrogen-doped carbon material activity charcoal nitrating.
Fig. 4 is the sub-spectrogram of X-ray photoelectric behind the polymer modification nitrogen-doped carbon material activity charcoal nitrating.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, with embodiment to further explain of the present invention.
Embodiment 1, the polyaniline-modified nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe preparation of polymer modification nitrogen-doped carbon material
Take the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes that Japanese firm produces, mean outside diameter is 30-60nm.Take by weighing 60mg, being added to concentration is in the 0.2mol/L hydrochloric acid soln, adds 0.35 gram aniline again, ultra-sonic dispersion 0.5 hour.Stirred under the room temperature 0.5 hour, and added 0.5 gram ammonium persulphate, continue to stir 1.5 hours, this solution is mixed being cooled to 0 ~ 5 ℃ in bathing then in frozen water, deionized water wash filters afterwards, with the product that obtains after the filter 80 ℃ of vacuum-dryings 10 hours; With the 600 ℃ of thermal treatments under nitrogen protection of dried product, heat-up rate is 5 ℃/minute, and constant temperature time 1 hour naturally cools to room temperature then.The X-ray photoelectric spectrum of the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes before and after aforesaid method is handled is seen Fig. 1, Fig. 2.Can find out that utilize the product of embodiment method preparation to be nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe, it contains the nitrogen element of 9.6% atomic percent.The nitrogen of preparation is mixed many walls nanotube as electrode material for super capacitor, and recording its specific storage in 6 mol/L KOH solution is 145 F/g, and more the specific storage of nitrating multi-walled carbon nano-tube 25F/g does not significantly improve.
Embodiment 2, the preparation of polymer modification nitrogen-doped carbon material polypyrrole modification nitrogen-dopped activated carbon
Take the gac of CVD method preparation, mean diameter is 60nm.Nonnitrogenous element before the nitrating.Take by weighing the 1g gac, be added to that to contain 0.5 gram pyrroles, concentration be in the hydrochloric acid soln of 1mol/L, add 1 gram ammonium persulphate again, continue under the room temperature to stir 1.5 hours.The deionized water repetitive scrubbing, membrane filtration.40 ℃ of vacuum-drying 16 hours.The following 850 ℃ of thermal treatments of nitrogen protection, heat-up rate is 4 ℃/minute, constant temperature 2 hours, naturally cooling.Measure through X-ray photoelectric spectrum, see Fig. 3, Fig. 4, can find out, utilize gac behind the product nitrating of present embodiment method preparation to contain the nitrogen element of 13% atomic percent.As electrode material for super capacitor, recording its specific storage in 6 mol/L KOH solution is 221F/g with the nitrogen-dopped activated carbon for preparing, and more the specific storage 110F/g of nitrating gac does not significantly improve.
Claims (6)
1. a polymer modification prepares the method for nitrogen-doped carbon material, it is characterized in that:
Select for use organic compounds containing nitrogen as the nitrogen presoma, utilize organic compounds containing nitrogen polymerization reaction take place on blacking, form the mixture of polymer with nitrogen and blacking; Then polymkeric substance/blacking mixture is heat-treated under inert atmosphere, make the polymer with nitrogen carbonization in the mixture, realize the nitrogen of blacking is mixed; Preparation nitrogen-doped carbon material, be specially: the hydrochloric acid that with concentration is 0.1-2mol/L is solvent, successively blacking and nitrogen presoma is joined in the solvent; The mass ratio of nitrogen presoma and blacking is in 11:1-1:20 scope, and ultra-sonic dispersion is 0.5-5 hours then, again mechanical stirring 0.5-1 hour at normal temperatures; Afterwards, in solution, add initiators for polymerization, the mass ratio of nitrogen presoma and initiators for polymerization is controlled at 10:1-1:1 scope; When adding initiators for polymerization, solution is carried out mechanical stirring or ultra-sonic dispersion; Continued mechanical stirring at normal temperatures 0.5-5 hours more afterwards, then solution is cooled to 0-10 ℃, again after filtration, zero(ppm) water cleaning refilter; With the product that obtains under 60-90 ℃ vacuum-drying 10 hours; Dried product under inert atmosphere, is warming up to 600-900 ℃ with 5-10 ℃/minute temperature rise rate, heat-treated in constant temperature 1-5 hour then; Naturally cool to room temperature afterwards, prepare the nitrogen-doped carbon material.
2. a kind of polymer modification according to claim 1 prepares the method for nitrogen-doped carbon material; It is characterized in that blacking wherein is zero dimension blacking or accurate one dimension blacking or two-dimentional blacking, the zero dimension blacking comprises any one in gac, the soccerballene; Accurate one dimension blacking comprises any one in SWCN, double-walled carbon nano-tube, multi-walled carbon nano-tubes and thomel, the NACF; The two dimension blacking comprises Graphene.
3. a kind of polymer modification according to claim 1 prepares the method for nitrogen-doped carbon material, it is characterized in that wherein organic compounds containing nitrogen comprises any one in aliphatic nitro compound, aromatic nitro compound, amine diazonium compound and azo cpd.
4. a kind of polymer modification according to claim 3 prepares the method for nitrogen-doped carbon material, it is characterized in that wherein amine diazonium compound comprises any one in aliphatic amide, the aromatic amine.
5. a kind of polymer modification according to claim 1 prepares the method for nitrogen-doped carbon material, it is characterized in that initiators for polymerization wherein is persulfuric acid salt initiator or silicone initiator, and persulfuric acid salt initiator comprises ammonium persulphate; Silicone initiator comprises any one in simple function group initiator, bifunctional initiator, ketene silane acetal compound initiator and the phosphinate initiator.
6. a kind of polymer modification according to claim 1 prepares the method for nitrogen-doped carbon material, it is characterized in that wherein inert atmosphere is the mixed gas of any one or they in nitrogen, helium, the argon gas.
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