CN102780238A - Environment-friendly energy collector - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an environment-friendly energy collector, belonging to the field of energy collection through the operation of a singlechip microcomputer controlled circuit. The environment-friendly energy collector consists of three parts, including a start-up circuit, a booster circuit and a step-down circuit. When the input voltage ranges from 0.7V to 3.6V, the system starts up a pump-up circuit to boost the voltage to enable an AVR(Automatic Voltage Regulation) singlechip microcomputer to start automatically; after being started, the singlechip microcomputer outputs a PWM(Pulse-Width Modulation) signal to drive the booster circuit to boost the voltage, then to output the boosted voltage and to charge. When the input voltage ranges from 10V to 20V, the system starts the step-down circuit to reduce the voltage, then to output the reduced voltage and to charge; and then, the system detects the voltage at the input end to judge whether the system works in a boosting mode or works in a step-down mode, outputs control level and selects a corresponding control channel, and then invokes a power matching function to enable the power output of the system to reach the maximum value. After the power of the system reaches the maximum value, the singlechip microcomputer reads a set value of quench time and then enters a dormant state to enable the system to operate with the minimum power, and at the same time waits for being awakened at fixed time or being awakened by a press button. The environment-friendly energy collector replaces the conventional relatively complex charge circuit and has the advantages of high efficiency, high current, high voltage stability and low power consumption.

Description

The eco-friendly power source gatherer

Technical field

The invention belongs to single chip machine controlling circuit work and collect energy field, particularly provide a kind of eco-friendly power source electricity collection charger that its power with maximum is collected the energy.

Background technology

Rise the circuit booster tension AVR single-chip microcomputer is started automatically when input voltage is in 0.7V～3.6V system start-up pump; Single-chip microcomputer starts exports charging after back output pwm signal driving booster circuit boosts; And when input voltage was in 10V～20V, the system start-up reduction voltage circuit carried out step-down output charging.After the normal startup of system, at first each partly carries out initialization to SCM system to system, comprises the setting of IO mouth; House dog is provided with; The initialization of interrupt system, the setting of AD converter, the setting of timer; Initialization of hardware PWM controller or the like makes system can correctly get into mode of operation.Then detect input terminal voltage, judge current boost mode or the decompression mode of being operated in, the output control level is also selected the control corresponding passage.Before the output drive signal based on before detect softly go into the terminal voltage value and calculate mutually peak power output desired value just, and regulate the control signal dutycycle with this.The output control signal drives and rises (falling) volt circuit.Then call the power match function, make system power output reach maximum.After system power reached maximum, single-chip microcomputer can read the intermittent time set point, got into resting state then, with the minimum power consumption operational system, and waited for timing wake-up or button wakes up.

Summary of the invention

The present invention adopts single close loop negative feedback PID (ratio, integration, differential) algorithm controls, shortens DC power supply E _sAcquisition time, reduce overshoot, efficiently the energy is collected.When input voltage was lower than the single-chip microcomputer starting resistor, system adopted the art driving single-chip microcomputer startup of pump Shengji to carry out boost charge, and when voltage reaches than the higher voltage certain value, starts the step-down charge function.Utilize single chip machine controlling circuit.Give single-chip microcomputer through AD sampling impedance matching value, in conjunction with the Fuzzy PID parameters self-adjusting algorithm, the variation of floating voltage at any time; Export controlled quentity controlled variable at last, the PWM duty ratio of regulation voltage is when brownout; Start the function that pump rises circuit start; Make whole system periodic duty again, the power consumption of single-chip microcomputer use simultaneously is lower, the strong and very fast stepping-up/stepping-down chopper circuit of processing speed of the operational capability when handling.

The present invention includes: form by three parts: reduction voltage circuit, booster circuit, start-up circuit, like Fig. 1.

The basic functional principle of 1 reduction voltage circuit: when single-chip microcomputer detects Es between 10～20V, launch reduction voltage circuit immediately, control Q through sending pwm signal ₁The break-make of metal-oxide-semiconductor.When t=0 drives Q constantly ₁Conducting, power supply E powers to the load, load voltage u _O=E, load current i _ORise exponentially; T=t ₁Time control Q ₁Turn-off diode VD afterflow, load voltage u _OBe approximately zero, load current is exponential curve and descends.Usually the big inductance L of serial connection makes load current continuously and pulse little.Like Fig. 2 (a).

2 booster circuit basic principles: as Es during less than the single-chip microcomputer starting resistor; Rise circuit through pump and launch single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer detects Es between 1.2～3.6V, sends pwm signal and launches booster circuit; Output voltage is directly to single-chip microcomputer power supply, and the output high level is closed pump and risen circuit.Suppose L ₂And C ₃Be worth very big; Q ₂When being in on-state, power supply E is to inductance L ₂Charging, current constant I ₁, capacitor C ₃Power to the load, output voltage U o is constant; Q ₂When being in off-state, power supply E and inductance L ₂Simultaneously to capacitor C ₃Charge, and energy is provided to load.Like Fig. 3 (a).

3 when input voltage is raised to 0.7V, and charge pump IC begins startup and boosts, and output voltage starts single-chip microcomputer through the voltage stabilizing didoe voltage stabilizing output 4.7V of main circuit, and output pwm signal driving booster circuit carried out boost charge after single-chip microcomputer was started working.Like Fig. 4 (a).

The present invention includes: system is provided with the intermittent time through button, glimmers through the LED lamp and representes time-out interval, certainly for power saving, also can turn off the LED lamp., system interrupts reading button when doing dormancy through button, and the adjustment intermittent time.

The present invention includes: the magnitude of voltage of output stage is gathered at once by the inferior power output back system that adjusted in back, if voltage surpasses protection voltage, system will stop power and export, and regulate control signal again.

The present invention includes: the numerical value that from the subfunction parameter, obtains importing ES.When system reaches power match, just have output voltage be ES/2. we can obtain the prime magnitude of voltage in maximum power when coupling and should be the pwm control signal that ES/2. exports certain duty ratio thus, drive system work, and then detect the prime magnitude of voltage.The error of calculating and desired value is then through adaptive Fuzzy PID Control device output controlled quentity controlled variable, the control signal that must make new advances.In the extremely short time, make power output reach maximum, when error is 1% for a short time, withdraw from subfunction.Because it is quite slow that ES changes, so error big variation can not occur in a very long time after the power match.

The present invention is a little: replaced the charging circuit of traditional more complicated, had advantages such as high efficiency, high electric current, high voltage stability, low-power consumption.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the sketch map of eco-friendly power source electricity collection device of the present invention system.

Fig. 2 is the reduction voltage circuit sketch map of eco-friendly power source electricity collection device of the present invention, and wherein Fig. 2 (a) is whole reduction voltage circuit, and Fig. 2 (b) is a buck circuit.

Fig. 3 is the booster circuit sketch map of eco-friendly power source electricity collection device of the present invention, and wherein Fig. 3 (a) is whole booster circuit, and Fig. 3 (b) is a boost chopper.

Fig. 4 is the start-up circuit sketch map of eco-friendly power source electricity collection device of the present invention, and wherein Fig. 4 (a) is the overall startup circuit, and Fig. 4 (b) is a self-start circuit.

Embodiment

Fig. 3 (a) is whole booster circuit.Mainly rely on boost chopper Fig. 3 (b) during practical implementation.Suppose that L and C value are very big; When V was in on-state, power supply E charged to inductance L, current constant I1, and capacitor C is to load R power supply, and output voltage U o is constant; When V is in off-state,

Power supply E and inductance L are charged to capacitor C simultaneously, and to load energy are provided.

Quantitative relation: the time of establishing the V on-state is t _On, the energy that this stage L goes up savings is EI ₁t _On

If the time of V off-state is t _Off, then inductance L releases energy and is (U during this _o-E) I ₁t _Off

During stable state, L savings energy equates with releasing energy among the one-period T: EI ₁t _On=(U _o-E) I ₁t _Off(3-1)

Abbreviation gets: $U_o=\frac{t_{\mathrm{On}}+t_{\mathrm{Off}}}{t_{\mathrm{Off}}}E=\frac{T}{t_{\mathrm{Off}}}E---(3-2)$

T/t _Off＞1, output voltage is higher than supply voltage.

T/t _Off---step-up ratio; The inverse note of step-up ratio is made β, promptly $\mathrm{\β}=\frac{t_{\mathrm{Off}}}{T}---(3-3)$

The relation of β and α: β+α=1 (3-4)

Therefore, formula (3-3) can be expressed as $U_o=\frac{1}{\mathrm{\β}}E=\frac{1}{1-\mathrm{\α}}E---(3-5)$

Voltage raise reason: the effect that the inductance L energy storage rises voltage pump; Capacitor C can maintain output voltage.

If ignore the loss in the circuit, the energy that is then provided by power supply is only consumed by load R, that is: EI ₁=U _oI _o

The mean value I of output current _OFor: $I_o=\frac{U_o}{R}=\frac{1}{\mathrm{\β}}\frac{E}{R}---(3-6)$

The mean value I of source current _OFor: ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="I"\; filenames="HSA00000500738800011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">I</figure-callout>}}_1=\frac{U_o}{E}{I}_o=\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\&beta;}}^2}\frac{E}{R}---(3-7)$

Fig. 2 (a) is whole reduction voltage circuit.Rely on buck circuit Fig. 2 (b) during practical implementation: t=0 drives the V conducting constantly, and power supply E powers to the load, load voltage u _O=E, load current i _ORise exponentially; T=t ₁Time control V turn-offs, diode VD afterflow,

Load voltage u _OBe approximately zero, load current is exponential curve and descends.Usually the big inductance L of serial connection makes load current continuously and pulse little.

Quantitative relation: $U_o=\frac{t_{\mathrm{On}}}{t_{\mathrm{On}}+t_{\mathrm{Off}}}E=\frac{t_{\mathrm{On}}}{T}E=\mathrm{\&alpha;\; E}---(3-8)$

1) the load voltage mean value of electric current consecutive hours:

t _On---the time t that V is logical _Off---the time a--conducting duty ratio that V is disconnected

Load current mean value: $I_o=\frac{U_o-E_M}{R}---(3-9)$

2) discontinuous current, Uo is elevated, and does not generally hope to occur.

During V was in on-state, establishing load current was i ₁, can list following equation:

$L\frac{{\mathrm{di}}_1}{\mathrm{dt}}+{\mathrm{Ri}}_1+E_M=E---(3-10)$

If this stage electric current initial value is I ₁₀, τ=L/R separates following formula and gets

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="i"\; filenames="HSA00000500738800011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">i</figure-callout>}}_1=I_{10}{e}^{-\frac{t}{\mathrm{\&tau;}}}+\frac{E-E_M}{R}(1-e^{-\frac{t}{\mathrm{\&tau;}}})---(3-11)$

During V was in off-state, establishing load current was i ₂, can list following equation:

$L\frac{{\mathrm{di}}_2}{\mathrm{dt}}+{\mathrm{Ri}}_2+E_M=0---(3-12)$

If this stage electric current initial value is I ₂₀, separate following formula and get

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="i"\; filenames="HSA00000500738800011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">i</figure-callout>}}_2=I_{20}{e}^{-\frac{t-t_{\mathrm{on}}}{\mathrm{\&tau;}}}-\frac{E_M}{R}(1-e^{-\frac{t-t_{\mathrm{on}}}{\mathrm{\&tau;}}})---(3-13)$

Fig. 4 (a) is the overall startup circuit.Rely on Fig. 4 (b) self-start circuit during practical implementation.When input voltage was raised to 0.7V, charge pump IC began startup and boosts, and output voltage starts the AVR single-chip microcomputer through the voltage stabilizing didoe voltage stabilizing output 4.7V of main circuit, and output pwm signal driving booster circuit carried out boost charge after single-chip microcomputer was started working.

Claims (2)

1. eco-friendly power source electricity collection charger; It is characterized in that: adopt pump to rise when circuit makes input voltage be in 0.7V～3.6V and can start single-chip microcomputer (1) input pwm signal switch MOS P pipe (2), use single-chip microcomputer (1) to have built-in hardware PWM and AD to gather to export PWM and AD samples, control the DC-DC DC converting with it; Give single-chip microcomputer (1) through AD sampling impedance matching value; In conjunction with the Fuzzy PID parameters self-adjusting algorithm, controlled quentity controlled variable is exported in the variation of floating voltage at any time at last.

2. a kind of eco-friendly power source electricity collection charger according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: with single-chip microcomputer (1) is core, gathers input voltage value through A/D and regulates the PWM duty ratio, monitors and control the work of step-up/step-down circuit in real time; Its power with maximum is collected the energy; Adopt single close loop negative feedback PID (ratio, integration, differential) algorithm controls, adopt pump Shengji art to drive AVR single-chip microcomputer (1) startup and carry out boost charge, and when voltage reaches than the higher voltage certain value; Start the step-down charge function, adopt stepping-up/stepping-down chopper circuit input voltage to be raise or reduce and cause suitable voltage.

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