CN102651621B - Single-stage photovoltaic inverter - Google Patents

Single-stage photovoltaic inverter Download PDF

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CN102651621B
CN102651621B CN201210168867.9A CN201210168867A CN102651621B CN 102651621 B CN102651621 B CN 102651621B CN 201210168867 A CN201210168867 A CN 201210168867A CN 102651621 B CN102651621 B CN 102651621B
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switch
inductance
closure
circuit
disconnect
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CN102651621A (en
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延汇文
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Shenzhen Kstar New Energy Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Kstar Technology Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

The invention discloses a single-stage photovoltaic inverter which comprises a DC (Direct Current)-DC boosted circuit realized by utilizing a Boost circuit and a DC-AC (Alternating Current) inversion circuit, wherein the DC-AC inversion circuit comprises an inductor Lx, a switch S3, a switch S5, and an inductor Ly, the inductor Lx is connected at the common port of a switch S6 and a switch S4, the switch S3 and the switch S5 are sequentially connected with a switch S1 in series; the switch S5 is connected at the common port of the switch S6 and a capacitor C; the inductor Ly is connected at the common port of the switch S3 and the switch S5; an AC voltage Uo is output between the inductor Lx and the inductor Ly; and by virtue of respectively controlling the on and off of the switches S1-S6, the DC-AC inversion circuit respectively forms different inversion loops so as to convert an input DC voltage Udc into the AC voltage Uo when the DC-DC boosted circuit is in a magnetizing state, a magnetic releasing state or a current interrupted state. The single-stage photovoltaic inverter disclosed by the invention has multiple advantages that constituent elements of the circuit are less, the circuit structure is simple, the electric energy conversion efficiency is higher, and the like.

Description

Single-stage photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of inverter, especially relate to a kind of single-stage photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter.
Background technology
Since two thousand, grid-connected photovoltaic power generation annual average rate of increase surpasses 60%, is fastest-rising technology in renewable energy technologies.Solar power generation is as a kind of new electrical energy production mode, and, safety pollution-free with it, aboundresources, the feature such as widely distributed demonstrate wide development space and application prospect.
But meanwhile, because grid-connected inverting system relates to many key technologies, control system is more complicated, controls difficulty larger, domestic current research and application are also immature, therefore the research of parallel network reverse power supply and control technology thereof are become when previous important field of research and developing direction.
Traditional small-power photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is mainly realized by DC voltage booster circuit and this two-stage of inverter circuit, wherein inverter circuit generally adopts full-bridge type structure, by 4 metal-oxide-semiconductors (each metal-oxide-semiconductor endophyte antiparallel diode), therefore form switching device many, and because Two Stages has affected the transformation efficiency of whole inverter, cause transformation efficiency lower.
Summary of the invention
The problem existing for solving prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of single-stage photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, and composition components and parts are less, simple in structure and transformation efficiency is high.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: a kind of single-stage photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, and described inverter comprises DC-DC booster circuit and the DC-AC inverter circuit that adopts Boost circuit to realize;
Wherein, DC-DC booster circuit comprises: be connected to the input direct voltage U that the output by photovoltaic is aggregated into dcanodal inductance L 1; Pass through switch S 1with inductance L 1the capacitor C of serial connection; Be connected to inductance L 1and the switch S between capacitor C 1; After serial connection, be connected to the switch S between capacitor C two ends successively 2, S 4and S 6, and input direct voltage U dcnegative pole be connected to switch S 2and switch S 4common port;
And DC-AC inverter circuit comprises: be connected to switch S 6and switch S 4the inductance L y of common port; With switch S 1the switch S being connected in series successively 3and switch S 5, and switch S 5connecting valve S 6common port with capacitor C; Be connected to switch S 3and switch S 5the inductance L x of common port, inductance L x passes through switch S 3be connected to inductance L 1with switch S 1common port, and the alternating voltage U exporting between inductance L x and inductance L y o;
By difference control switch S 1to switch S 6closed/to disconnect, make DC-AC inverter circuit at DC-DC booster circuit in the state of magnetizing, form respectively different inversion circuits by input direct voltage U while putting magnetic state or discontinuous current state dcconvert alternating voltage U to o.
Wherein, control switch S 1, switch S 3and switch S 6closure, at DC-DC booster circuit in the state of magnetizing, while putting magnetic state or discontinuous current state, the alternating voltage U of DC-AC inverter circuit output o=+U c, U wherein cvoltage for capacitor C two ends.
Wherein, control switch S 1, switch S 2, switch S 3and switch S 6closure and switch S 4and switch S 5disconnect, or, control switch S 1, switch S 3, switch S 4and switch S 6closure and switch S 2and switch S 5disconnect, or, control switch S 1, switch S 3, switch S 6closure and switch S 2, switch S 4and switch S 5disconnect, by the positive pole of capacitor C, pass through successively switch S 1, switch S 3, inductance L x, inductance L y, switch S 6form inversion circuit with the negative pole of capacitor C.
Wherein, control switch S 1, switch S 2, switch S 3and switch S 4closure, or, control switch S 5and switch S 6closure, at DC-DC booster circuit in the state of magnetizing, while putting magnetic state or discontinuous current state, the alternating voltage U of DC-AC inverter circuit output o=0.
Wherein, control switch S 1, switch S 2, switch S 3and switch S 4closure and control switch S 5and switch S 6disconnect, by inductance L x, inductance L y, switch S 4, switch S 2, switch S 1and switch S 3form inversion circuit.
Wherein, control switch S 1, switch S 2, switch S 5and switch S 6closure and control switch S 3and switch S 4disconnect, or control switch S 1, switch S 4, switch S 5and switch S 6closure and control switch S 2and switch S 3disconnect, or control switch S 1, switch S 2, switch S 5and switch S 6disconnect and control switch S 3and switch S 4closure, or control switch S 2, switch S 3, switch S 5and switch S 6closure and control switch S 1and switch S 4disconnect, by inductance L x, switch S 5, switch S 6form inversion circuit with inductance L y.
Wherein, control switch S 2, switch S 4and switch S 5closure and switch S 6disconnect, at DC-DC booster circuit during in the state of magnetizing or discontinuous current state, the alternating voltage U of DC-AC inverter circuit output o=-U c, U wherein cvoltage for capacitor C two ends.
Wherein, control switch S 2, switch S 3, switch S 4and switch S 5closure and switch S 1and switch S 6disconnect, or control switch S 1, switch S 3and switch S 6disconnect and switch S 2, switch S 4and switch S 5closure, or control switch S 1, switch S 2, switch S 4and switch S 5closure and switch S 3and switch S 6disconnect, by the positive pole of capacitor C, pass through successively switch S 2, switch S 4, inductance L y, inductance L x, switch S 5form inversion circuit with the negative pole of capacitor C.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The single-stage photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter that the present invention proposes, the DC-DC booster circuit of realizing in same one-level circuit and DC-AC inverter circuit, by controlling 6 switch S 1to switch S 6state (be closed or disconnect), make inverter circuit at booster circuit, under different conditions, form different inversion circuits, realize and boosting and invert function, by the voltage transitions output of solar panels.Compare in conventional inverter the inverter circuit that adopts full-bridge type structures to realize by 4 metal-oxide-semiconductors, the present invention has the electric circuit constitute element and reduces, the simple and more high plurality of advantages of energy conversion efficiency of circuit structure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is electrical block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is U o=+U cand inductance L 1circuit diagram in the state of magnetizing;
Fig. 3 is U o=+U cand inductance L 1in putting the circuit diagram of magnetic state;
Fig. 4 is U o=+U cand inductance L 1circuit diagram in discontinuous current state;
Fig. 5 A, Fig. 5 B and Fig. 5 C are all U o=0 and inductance L 1circuit diagram in the state of magnetizing;
Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B are all U o=-U cand inductance L 1circuit diagram in the state of magnetizing;
Fig. 7 is U o=-U cand inductance L 1circuit diagram in discontinuous current state.
Embodiment
Electrical block diagram as shown in Figure 1, the present invention proposes a kind of single-stage photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, it comprises DC-DC booster circuit (referred to as " booster circuit ") and the DC-AC inverter circuit (referred to as " inverter circuit ") of realizing in same one-level circuit, by boosting, with invert function, the voltage transitions of solar panels is exported.
The output of photovoltaic (solar energy electroplax) is aggregated into input direct voltage U in the DC side of inverter dc, by DC-DC booster circuit by input direct voltage U dc, bring up to the required value of DC-AC inverter circuit.DC-AC inverter circuit output inverter voltage U o, inverter current io.
DC-DC booster circuit adopts Boost circuit to realize.Specifically, DC-DC booster circuit comprises: be connected to input direct voltage U dcanodal inductance L 1; Capacitor C; Be connected to inductance L 1and the switch S between capacitor C 1; After serial connection, be connected to the switch S between capacitor C two ends successively 2, S 4and S 6; Input direct voltage U dcnegative pole be connected to switch S 2and switch S 4common port (this common port is designated as B point).
DC-AC inverter circuit comprises: pass through switch S 3connect inductance L 1with switch S 1the inductance L x of common port, by switch S 3be designated as X point with the common port of inductance L x, this X point passes through switch S 5connect capacitor C and switch S 6common port (this common port is designated as N point), switch S 6and switch S 4common port connect inductance L y, inductance L x and inductance L y are respectively the alternating voltage U that inverter is exported o, its electric current is designated as io.
For convenience, by inductance L 1with switch S 1common port be designated as A point, switch S 2and switch S 4common port be designated as P point, switch S 6and switch S 4common port be designated as N point.
When DC-DC booster circuit (or being called Boost circuit) boosts, can be divided into: inductance L 1magnetize, inductance L 1put magnetic, inductance L 1these 3 stages of discontinuous current.Equally, inverter circuit is also divided into U when carrying out inversion o=+U c, U o=0 and U o=-U cthese 3 stages.
The charging process of Boost circuit: inductance L 1magnetize, stored energy.By controller (not drawing in Fig. 1), make switch S 1and switch S 2closed, switch S 4disconnect, now, from input direct voltage U dcthe direct current of positive pole output through inductance L 1, switch S 1and switch S 2get back to input direct voltage U dcnegative pole, inductance L 1on electric current so that certain ratio is linear, increase, this ratio is with inductance L 1size is relevant.Along with inductance L 1electric current increases, inductance L 1in stored some energy, until inductance L 1the voltage U at two ends l=input direct voltage U dctime charge complete.
The discharge process of Boost circuit: inductance L 1electric discharge, capacitor C charging.By controller (not drawing in Fig. 1), make switch S 1, switch S 4and switch S 6closed, switch S 2disconnect, now input direct voltage U dc, inductance L 1and between capacitor C, form a new current circuit.Due to inductance L 1electric current retention performance, the inductance L of flowing through 1electric current can not become 0 at once, but from charging, value when complete becomes 0 slowly.Inductance L 1start electric discharge, i.e. inductance L 1start to capacitor C charging, capacitor C both end voltage U craise, now capacitor C both end voltage U chigher than input direct voltage U dc.Now, inductance L 1the voltage U at two ends l=U dc-U c.
Specifically, as inversion U o=+U ctime, X point be connected with P point, Y (switch S while being connected with N point 1, switch S 3and switch S 6closed), Boost circuit can be operated in any state: as shown in Figure 2, make switch S simultaneously 2closure, inductance L 1magnetize, inductance L 1the voltage U at two ends l=input direct voltage U dc, now, the positive pole of capacitor C passes through switch S successively 1and switch S 3connect inductance L x, simultaneously inductance L y connecting valve S 6thereby, inverter circuit output inverter voltage U oequal+U c; As shown in Figure 3, switch S 2disconnect and switch S 4when closed, inductance L 1putting magnetic is capacitor C charging, inductance L 1the voltage U at two ends l=U dc-U c, the loop that inverter circuit forms still with inductance L 1loop while magnetizing is consistent; As shown in Figure 4, when the discontinuous current of Boost circuit, the loop that inverter circuit forms is still constant.Therefore, as inversion U o=+U ctime, Boost circuit can be operated in any state.
As inversion U o=0 o'clock, now X point, Y point were connected with P point simultaneously, or are connected with N point simultaneously, and Boost circuit also can be operated in any state: as shown in Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B, work as inductance L 1magnetize, inductance L 1the voltage U at two ends l=input direct voltage U dc, now, make switch S 3and switch S 4closure and switch S 5and switch S 5disconnect, or make switch S 3and switch S 4disconnect and switch S 5and switch S 5closure, inversion circuit forms the loop that does not connect capacitor C, inversion U o=0; Make switch S 1, switch S 4, switch S 5and switch S 6closure and switch S 3and switch S 2disconnect inductance L 1putting magnetic is capacitor C charging, inductance L 1the voltage U at two ends l=U dc-U c, the loop that inversion circuit forms does not still connect capacitor C, inversion U o=0; Make switch S 1, switch S 2, switch S 3and switch S 4disconnect and switch S 5and switch S 6closure, inductance L 1discontinuous current, the loop that inversion circuit forms does not still connect capacitor C, inversion U o=0; As shown in Figure 5 C, make switch S 2, switch S 3, switch S 5and switch S 6closure and switch S 1and switch S 4disconnect input direct voltage U dcvoltage U with capacitor C cgive inductance L simultaneously 1magnetize, now U l=U dc+ U c, the loop that inversion circuit forms does not still connect capacitor C, inversion U o=0.Therefore, as inversion U o=0 o'clock, Boost circuit can be operated in any state.
As inversion U o=-U ctime, X point is connected with N point, and Y point is connected with P point, and now Boost circuit can only be operated in inductance L 1magnetize or inductance L 1discontinuous current state: as shown in Figure 6A, make switch S 1, switch S 2, switch S 4and switch S 5closure and switch S 3and switch S 6disconnect input direct voltage U dcgive inductance L 1magnetize, now U l=U dc, the positive pole of capacitor C is through switch S 2, switch S 4connect inductance L y, and the negative pole of capacitor C is through switch S 5connect inductance L x, now the output voltage U of inverter circuit o=-U c; As shown in Figure 6A, make switch S 2, switch S 3, switch S 4and switch S 5closure and switch S 1and switch S 6disconnect input direct voltage U dcvoltage U with capacitor C cgive inductance L simultaneously 1magnetize, now U l=U dc+ U c, the positive pole of capacitor C is through switch S 2, switch S 4connect inductance L y, and the negative pole of capacitor C is through switch S 5connect inductance L x, now the output voltage U of inverter circuit o=-U c; As shown in Figure 7, make switch S 1, switch S 3and switch S 6disconnect and switch S 2, switch S 4and switch S 5closure, now inductance L 1in discontinuous current state, the positive pole of capacitor C is through switch S 2, switch S 4connect inductance L y, and the negative pole of capacitor C is through switch S 5connect inductance L x, now the output voltage U of inverter circuit o=-U c.
In a power frequency period, when Uo>0 and io>0, be called positive half cycle, when Uo<0 and io<0, be called negative half period.Therefore, when Uo=+Uc or Uo=0, Boost circuit any process or state that boosts of can working, booster circuit boosts and processes that to carry out with inverter circuit that inversion processes be separate during positive half cycle; When Uo=-Uc, Boost circuit can only be operated in inductance L 1the state that magnetizes therefore boosts independent with inversion when negative half period.
At the negative half period of inversion, inverter circuit output voltage U o=-Uc, and Boost circuit can only be operated in inductance L 1state (inductance L magnetizes 1in current continuity state) or discontinuous current state, now the process of boosting of Boost circuit and the inversion process of inverter circuit are not separate.
To sum up, the single-stage photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter that the present invention proposes, the DC-DC booster circuit of realizing in same one-level circuit and DC-AC inverter circuit, by controlling 6 switch S 1to switch S 6state (be closed or disconnect), make inverter circuit at booster circuit, under different conditions, form different inversion circuits, realize and boosting and invert function, by the voltage transitions output of solar panels.Compare in conventional inverter the inverter circuit that adopts full-bridge type structures to realize by 4 metal-oxide-semiconductors, the present invention has the electric circuit constitute element and reduces, the simple and more high plurality of advantages of energy conversion efficiency of circuit structure.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a single-stage photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, is characterized in that, described inverter comprises DC-DC booster circuit and the DC-AC inverter circuit that adopts Boost circuit to realize;
Wherein, DC-DC booster circuit comprises: be connected to the input direct voltage U that the output by photovoltaic is aggregated into dcanodal inductance L 1; Pass through switch S 1with inductance L 1the capacitor C of serial connection; Be connected to inductance L 1and the switch S between capacitor C 1, described switch S 1 one end connects inductance L 1negative pole, the other end is connected to the common port of switch S 2 and capacitor C; After serial connection, be connected to switch S 2, switch S 4 and the switch S 6 between capacitor C two ends successively, and input direct voltage U dcnegative pole be connected to switch S 2and switch S 4common port;
And DC-AC inverter circuit comprises: be connected to switch S 6and switch S 4the inductance L y of common port; With switch S 1the switch S being connected in series successively 3and switch S 5, and switch S 5connecting valve S 6common port with capacitor C; Be connected to switch S 3and switch S 5the inductance L x of common port, inductance L x passes through switch S 3be connected to inductance L 1with switch S 1common port, and output AC voltage U between inductance L x and inductance L y o;
By difference control switch S 1to switch S 6closed/to disconnect, make DC-AC inverter circuit at DC-DC booster circuit in the state of magnetizing, form respectively different inversion circuits by input direct voltage U while putting magnetic state or discontinuous current state dcconvert alternating voltage U to o.
2. single-stage photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter according to claim 1, is characterized in that control switch S 1, switch S 3and switch S 6closure, at DC-DC booster circuit in the state of magnetizing, while putting magnetic state or discontinuous current state, the alternating voltage U of DC-AC inverter circuit output o=+U c, U wherein cvoltage for capacitor C two ends.
3. single-stage photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter according to claim 2, is characterized in that control switch S 1, switch S 2, switch S 3and switch S 6closure and switch S 4and switch S 5disconnect, or, control switch S 1, switch S 3, switch S 4and switch S 6closure and switch S 2and switch S 5disconnect, or, control switch S 1, switch S 3, switch S 6closure and switch S 2, switch S 4and switch S 5disconnect, by the positive pole of capacitor C, pass through successively switch S 1, switch S 3, inductance L x, inductance L y, switch S 6form inversion circuit with the negative pole of capacitor C.
4. single-stage photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter according to claim 1, is characterized in that control switch S 1, switch S 2, switch S 3and switch S 4closure, or, control switch S 5and switch S 6closure, at DC-DC booster circuit in the state of magnetizing, while putting magnetic state or discontinuous current state, the alternating voltage U of DC-AC inverter circuit output o=0.
5. single-stage photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter according to claim 4, is characterized in that control switch S 1, switch S 2, switch S 3and switch S 4closure and control switch S 5and switch S 6disconnect, by inductance L x, inductance L y, switch S 4, switch S 2, switch S 1and switch S 3form inversion circuit.
6. single-stage photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter according to claim 4, is characterized in that control switch S 1, switch S 2, switch S 5and switch S 6closure and control switch S 3and switch S 4disconnect, or control switch S 1, switch S 4, switch S 5and switch S 6closure and control switch S 2and switch S 3disconnect, or control switch S 1, switch S 2, switch S 5and switch S 6disconnect and control switch S 3and switch S 4closure, or control switch S 2, switch S 3, switch S 5and switch S 6closure and control switch S 1and switch S 4disconnect, by inductance L x, switch S 5, switch S 6form inversion circuit with inductance L y.
7. single-stage photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter according to claim 1, is characterized in that control switch S 2, switch S 4and switch S 5closure and switch S 6disconnect, at DC-DC booster circuit during in the state of magnetizing or discontinuous current state, the alternating voltage U of DC-AC inverter circuit output o=-U c, U wherein cvoltage for capacitor C two ends.
8. single-stage photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter according to claim 7, is characterized in that control switch S 2, switch S 3, switch S 4and switch S 5closure and switch S 1and switch S 6disconnect, or control switch S 1, switch S 3and switch S 6disconnect and switch S 2, switch S 4and switch S 5closure, or control switch S 1, switch S 2, switch S 4and switch S 5closure and switch S 3and switch S 6disconnect, by the positive pole of capacitor C, pass through successively switch S 2, switch S 4, inductance L y, inductance L x, switch S 5form inversion circuit with the negative pole of capacitor C.
CN201210168867.9A 2012-05-28 2012-05-28 Single-stage photovoltaic inverter Active CN102651621B (en)

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CN103916035B (en) * 2014-04-21 2016-01-20 盐城工学院 A kind of single-stage inverter
CN105262362B (en) * 2015-11-09 2017-09-01 南通大学 High-gain Buck Boost integrated forms inverters and control method
WO2018000349A1 (en) * 2016-06-30 2018-01-04 周肇梅 Photovoltaic inverter
CN112737391B (en) * 2020-12-25 2022-03-11 南通大学 Single-phase single-stage boost inverter and control method
CN112994500A (en) * 2021-03-11 2021-06-18 青岛大学 Single-stage single-phase asymmetric full-bridge inverter

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Effective date of registration: 20221221

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