CN102545257B - Solar photovoltaic generating single-phase grid-connected inverter and control method thereof - Google Patents
Solar photovoltaic generating single-phase grid-connected inverter and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solar photovoltaic generating single-phase grid-connected inverter and a control method thereof. The solar photovoltaic generating single-phase grid-connected inverter comprises a solar cell, a grid-connected inverter main loop, a commercial power grid, a grid-connected inversion controller and a parallel operation communication interface, and is characterized in that: the grid-connected inversion main loop comprises an input protection switch, a booster circuit, an inverter circuit and a grid-connected switch; the grid-connected inversion controller comprises a control circuit, a logical circuit, a driving circuit, a sampling circuit, a battery voltage detection circuit, a battery current detection circuit, a boosting voltage detection circuit, a power grid voltage detection circuit, a grid-connected current detection circuit and a power grid phase detection circuit; an input end of the control circuit is used for receiving an input signal of the power-grid phase detection circuit; the first output end of the driving circuit is connected with an input end of the input protection switch; the second output end of the driving circuit is connected with an input end of the booster circuit; the third output end of the driving circuit is connected with an input end of the inverter circuit; and the fourth output end of the driving circuit is connected with an input end of the grid-connected switch. The solar photovoltaic generating single-phase grid-connected inverter has the advantages of small size, low power consumption, high efficiency, high safety, high reliability, long service life, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to generation of electricity by new energy technical field, relate to the control method of solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter.Relate in particular to a kind of direct voltage that solar cell is produced by certain control method, convert to utility grid and there is the alternating current with frequency, homophase and constant amplitude, and be transported to the inverter of utility grid.
Background technology
Progressively expansion along with global process of industrialization; sharply expand to the demand of the energy in countries in the world, and coal, the oil and natural gas three macrofossil energy are day by day exhausted, and the whole world will face energy crisis again; meanwhile, use in a large number fossil energy to cause serious destruction to biological environment.Because the energy, environment and development have become world today's problem demanding prompt solution, so, many countries begin one's study and application and development utilizes the regenerative resources such as solar energy, wind energy and water energy as West Europe, the U.S. and Japan etc., and the efficient novel electric power electric technology of integrated economics---new forms of energy distributed generation technology, both at power distribution network, set up independent power generating source important load is powered, and carry out energy exchange by EMS and outside utility grid.By above-mentioned technology is launched to the serial achievement that research obtains, and in conjunction with electric power system user to the requirement of the quality of power supply and power system development trend, this technology has progressively formed solar photovoltaic generation system and industry.
In solar photovoltaic generation system, combining inverter is to realize the transmission of energy and the key link of conversion between solar-energy photo-voltaic cell and utility grid.The effect of combining inverter is when the output of solar photovoltaic generation system changes in a big way, can with high as far as possible efficiency, the direct current of solar cell output be changed into the alternating current mating with utility grid all the time, and send into utility grid.
Designing and developing of combining inverter, need the technical problem of considering to be: first, because the factors such as intensity of sunshine, battery temperature can affect the output characteristic of solar cell, therefore, in order to improve the operating efficiency of solar photovoltaic generation system, make the output voltage of solar cell level off to maximum power point voltage, obtain ceiling capacity to guarantee solar cell to move near maximum power point, combining inverter should have the regulatory function that maximal power tracing is controlled (MPPT).The second, the output waveform of combining inverter, except meeting the quality of power supply requirements such as frequency, phase place and amplitude of utility grid, prevent island effect and the safety that also must meet utility grid are isolated the requirements such as ground connection.At present, in external grid-connected standard, clearly total harmonic factor of regulation combining inverter output waveform should be less than 5%, and each harmonic content is less than 3%, and has good dynamic characteristic.According to IEEE2000.929 and ULl741 standard, all combining inverters must have the function of isolated island effect prevention, and isolated island must excise the electric connection of combining inverter and utility grid while occurring quickly and accurately.The 3rd, guarantee that solar photovoltaic generation system is stable, efficiently operation, need to coordinate to control to each combining inverter in system.Except the basic voltage control of inverter, also need to consider power division and control when each combining inverter is interconnected, be divided into power and control and two levels of voltage control, the voltage control of lower floor completes corresponding control task according to upper strata instruction.Finally, for reducing the cost of solar power system, can effectively popularize and use, it is transless scheme that combining inverter need to adopt more satisfactory, thereby can further improve the efficiency of combining inverter, volume, weight and the cost of solar photovoltaic generation system are reduced greatly.
Therefore, design that a kind of volume that meets above-mentioned specification requirement is little, cost is low, low in energy consumption, efficiency is high, security reliability is high, the solar photovoltaic interconnected inverter of long service life, and to adopt advanced control technology be combining inverter development trend.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and the object of this invention is to provide a kind of maximal power tracing control, transless, prevent the control method of the solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter of island effect, to make inversion process there is the control method of the solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter of higher efficiency and fail safe.
Object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A control method for solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter, solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter comprises solar cell, combining inverter major loop, utility grid, parallel network reverse controller and parallel operation communication interface, wherein, described combining inverter major loop comprises input protection switch, booster circuit, inverter circuit and grid-connected switch, described input protection switch, booster circuit, inverter circuit and grid-connected switch are connected successively, the output of the input termination solar cell of described input protection switch, protection switch is electrically connected to combining inverter major loop for closed or disconnection solar cell according to a control signal, described booster circuit is by input protection switch, in order to export a positive negative dc voltage after the output voltage of solar cell is boosted, described inverter circuit connects booster circuit and is converted to alternating voltage in order to the positive negative dc voltage that booster circuit is exported, grid-connected switch is connected between inverter circuit and utility grid, and grid-connected switch is closed or disconnect being electrically connected between inverter circuit and utility grid, the input of the output termination utility grid of grid-connected switch according to a control signal, described parallel network reverse controller comprises control circuit, logical circuit, drive circuit, sample circuit, battery voltage detection circuit, battery current detection circuit, booster voltage testing circuit, power grid voltage detection circuit, grid-connected current testing circuit and electrical network phase detecting circuit, described sample circuit, control circuit, logical circuit and drive circuit are connected successively, and described sample circuit receives respectively battery voltage detection circuit, battery current detection circuit, booster voltage testing circuit, the signal of power grid voltage detection circuit and the output of grid-connected current testing circuit, one input of control circuit receives the input signal of electrical network phase detecting circuit, described parallel operation communication interface is connected on an input/output terminal of control circuit, one input of the first output termination input protection switch of described drive circuit, one input of the second output termination booster circuit of drive circuit, one input of the 3rd output termination inverter circuit of drive circuit, an input of the grid-connected switch of the 4th output termination of drive circuit, this control method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the control circuit parameters such as the voltage and current of solar cell, the positive negative output voltage ± BUS of booster circuit, the grid-connected current of grid-connected switch and the voltage of utility grid and phase place of sampling by sample circuit are given the dsp chip of control circuit and the GPLD chip of logical circuit;
Step 2: control circuit and logical circuit judge that solar cell takes whether touch signal normal over the ground, whether overvoltage of booster voltage, whether the grid-connected current of grid-connected switch overcurrent, the driving signal of booster circuit and inverter circuit whether common conduct and pulsewidth abnormal, and the voltage of this utility grid and phase place whether all normal, if all parameters are normal, continue to enter step 3; If wherein there is parameter undesired, export control signal and disconnect input protection switch and grid-connected switch through drive circuit, and disconnect the pwm control signal of booster circuit and inverter circuit, turn back to step 1;
Step 3: control circuit output control signal is connected input protection switch, in the direct voltage access grid-connected inverter major loop of solar cell, then, control circuit output drive signal is to booster circuit, impel the direct voltage of solar cell boost to positive negative dc voltage ± BUS voltage, continue to enter step 4; By drive circuit, increased after these power that drive signals and produced and control the first power tube of booster circuit and the driving signal of the second power tube again, making to boost starts to carry out, and export positive negative dc voltage ± BUS voltage; Wherein, booster circuit is implemented maximal power tracing and is controlled (MPPT), then, performs step four;
Step 4: the positive negative dc voltage of control circuit judgement booster circuit ± BUS voltage is in normal range (NR), output drive signal is to inverter circuit, impel positive negative dc voltage best friend to flow voltage and start to carry out inversion, wherein the alternating current of the frequency of inverter circuit, phase place and amplitude and utility grid is with frequency, homophase and constant amplitude, voltage magnitude can have certain error, continue to enter step 5, otherwise turn back to step 1;
Step 5: voltage, phase place and the grid-connected current of control circuit judgement inverter circuit are in normal range (NR), control being electrically connected between the closed inverter circuit of grid-connected switch and utility grid, make the alternating current that inverter circuit produces be coupled to this utility grid, continue to enter step 6, otherwise turn back to step 1;
Step 6: and network process in, control circuit is by sample circuit sample output voltage and the electric current of solar cell, the maximum power that can export solar cell is in real time monitored, and controls, to adjust accordingly the duty ratio of the driving signal of booster circuit to implement MPPT maximum power point tracking; The power-off even suddenly of breaking down suddenly of control circuit judgement utility grid, exports control signal and disconnects grid-connected switch, cuts off in time being electrically connected between this combining inverter and this utility grid, stops the inversion of inverter circuit, and returns to step 1;
Step 7: control circuit output control signal is to drive circuit, after increasing by drive circuit the power that drives signal again, connect grid-connected switch, at this moment the output VAC of inverter circuit is just coupled to utility grid, implement the electric connection of combining inverter and utility grid, complete generating electric energy grid-connected, then, turn back to step 1;
Step 8: control circuit output control signal disconnects grid-connected switch, implements the electric disconnection of combining inverter and utility grid, then, turns back to step 1;
Step 9: control circuit output control signal disconnects input protection switch, implements the electric disconnection of solar cell and combining inverter major loop, then, turns back to step 1.
Described booster circuit comprises the first inductance, the second inductance, the first diode, the second diode, the first power tube, the second power tube, the first electrochemical capacitor and the second electrochemical capacitor; One end of wherein said the first inductance and the second inductance connects respectively two outputs of input protection switch; The anode tap of described the first diode connects the other end of the first inductance, and the cathode terminal of described the second diode connects the other end of the second inductance; The collector electrode of described the first power tube connects the anode tap of the first diode, the emitter-base bandgap grading of the first power tube connects the collector electrode of the second power tube and forms N zero line side, the emitter-base bandgap grading of the second power tube connects the cathode terminal of the second diode, and the base stage of the first power tube and the second power tube is connected the second output of drive circuit; The positive terminal of described the first electrochemical capacitor connects the cathode terminal of the first diode, the negative pole end of the first electrochemical capacitor connects the positive terminal of the second electrochemical capacitor and connects N zero line side, the negative pole end of the second electrochemical capacitor connects the anode tap of the second diode, the positive terminal of the first electrochemical capacitor is exported positive direct voltage, and the negative pole end of the second electrochemical capacitor is exported negative direct voltage.
Described inverter circuit comprises the 3rd power tube, the 4th power tube, filter inductance and filter capacitor; Wherein the collector electrode of the 3rd power tube connects the positive terminal of the first electrochemical capacitor, the emitter-base bandgap grading of the 3rd power tube connects the collector electrode of the 4th power tube and connects one end of filter inductance, the emitter-base bandgap grading of the 4th power tube connects the negative pole end of the second electrochemical capacitor, and the base stage of the 3rd power tube and the 4th power tube connects the 3rd output of drive circuit; One end of described filter capacitor connects the other end of filter inductance, and the other end connects the N zero line side of booster circuit.
Described control circuit also, according to the peak power output of monitoring solar cell, and is adjusted booster circuit direct voltage accordingly; According to voltage and the phase place of monitoring utility grid, and adjust accordingly output voltage and the phase place of inverter circuit.
Described logical circuit is also according to monitoring the overvoltage of booster voltage, driving signal common conduct and the pulsewidth of the electric leakage of the overcurrent of grid-connected switch, solar cell, booster circuit and inverter circuit are abnormal; and block accordingly this driving signal, disconnect input protection switch and grid-connected switch.
The present invention's beneficial effect is compared with prior art as follows:
First, the present invention adopts the topological structure of two Boost booster circuits and half-bridge inversion circuit, smaller volume, weight saving, the cost that can make combining inverter, the pure sine wave of its generation is easily adjusted, and can not cause the harm of high-frequency harmonic to utility grid.
Second, maximum power point tracing method of the present invention changes by control circuit the duty ratio that booster circuit drives signal, monitor the output voltage of booster circuit, the method for this acquisition maximum power point only needs the voltage of tracking solar battery simultaneously, has saved complicated calculating and comparison.
The 3rd, first isolated island Detection & Controling method of the present invention passes through amplitude detection by utility grid voltage signal, determine that utility grid is working properly, through frequency detecting, to determine that mains frequency meets required precision, pass through again the detection of grid-connected current, at this moment combining inverter be allowed to grid-connected, so, only need judge the parameter of sampling, without additional detection circuit, method is simple.Finally, can make that whole system volume is little, cost is low, low in energy consumption, efficiency is high, security reliability is high, long service life.
accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of the solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of the solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is power tube Q3 and Q4 driving signal and sinewave output oscillogram in the inverter circuit shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the control flow chart of the control circuit of one embodiment of the invention.
embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, this patent is described further.
Preferred forms of the present invention is with reference to shown in figure 1, and a kind of solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter, comprises solar cell 1, combining inverter major loop 2, utility grid 3, parallel network reverse controller 4 and parallel operation communication interface 5, feature of the present invention is that described combining inverter major loop 2 comprises input protection switch 21, booster circuit 22, inverter circuit 23 and grid-connected switch 24, described input protection switch 21, booster circuit 22, inverter circuit 23 and grid-connected switch 24 are connected successively, the output of the input termination solar cell 1 of described input protection switch 21, the input of the output termination utility grid 3 of described grid-connected switch 24, described parallel network reverse controller 4 comprises control circuit 41, logical circuit 42, drive circuit 43, sample circuit 44, battery voltage detection circuit 45, battery current detection circuit 46, booster voltage testing circuit 47, power grid voltage detection circuit 48, grid-connected current testing circuit 49 and electrical network phase detecting circuit 40, described sample circuit 44, control circuit 41, logical circuit 42 and drive circuit 43 are connected successively, and described sample circuit 44 receives respectively battery voltage detection circuit 45, battery current detection circuit 46, booster voltage testing circuit 47, the signal of power grid voltage detection circuit 48 and 49 outputs of grid-connected current testing circuit, one input of control circuit 41 receives the input signal of electrical network phase detecting circuit 40, described parallel operation communication interface 5 is connected on an input/output terminal of control circuit 41, one input of the first output termination input protection switch 21 of described drive circuit 43, one input of the second output termination booster circuit 22 of drive circuit 43, one input of the 3rd output termination inverter circuit 23 of drive circuit 43, an input of the grid-connected switch 24 of the 4th output termination of drive circuit 43.
Shown in figure 2, input protection switch 21 is to consist of a relay or a contactor RY, according to amount of capacity selective relay or the contactor of system.When solar cell 1 electric leakage and each circuit of combining inverter break down, the first output output control signal of the drive circuit 43 of parallel network reverse controller 4 disconnects this relay or this contactor, the protective effect of enforcement solar photovoltaic generation system.
Shown in figure 2, booster circuit 22 is two transformerless circuit of Boost, and it comprises the first inductance L 1, the second inductance L 2, first diode D1 the second diode D2, the first power tube Q1, the second power tube Q2, the first electrochemical capacitor E1 and the second electrochemical capacitor E2; One end of wherein said the first inductance L 1 and the second inductance L 2 connects respectively two outputs of input protection switch 21; The anode tap of described the first diode D1 connects the other end of the first inductance L 1, and the cathode terminal of described the second diode D2 connects the other end of the second inductance L 2; The collector electrode of described the first power tube Q1 connects the anode tap of the first diode D1, the emitter-base bandgap grading of the first power tube Q1 connects the collector electrode of the second power tube Q2 and forms N zero line side, the emitter-base bandgap grading of the second power tube Q2 connects the cathode terminal of the second diode D2, and the base stage of the first power tube Q1 and the second power tube Q2 is connected the second output of drive circuit 43; The positive terminal of described the first electrochemical capacitor E1 connects the cathode terminal of the first diode D1, the negative pole end of the first electrochemical capacitor E1 connects the positive terminal of the second electrochemical capacitor E2 and connects N zero line side, the negative pole end of the second electrochemical capacitor E2 connects the anode tap of the second diode D2, the positive terminal of the first electrochemical capacitor E1 is exported positive direct voltage, and the negative pole end of the second electrochemical capacitor E2 is exported negative direct voltage.Parallel network reverse controller 4 apply that frequency is fixed and duty ratio increases and the pulse switch signal that reduces to first and second power tube Q1, Q2, by first and second power tube Q1, the conducting of Q2 and the switching over of cut-off, the input voltage VDC that is coupled to the solar cell 1 of the first inductance L 1 and second inductance L 2 one end is changed, the input voltage VDC of the present embodiment is 200V-276V, and export from the cathode terminal output of the first diode D1 and the anode tap of the second diode D2 ± BUS direct voltage, the present embodiment ± BUS direct voltage is ± 360VDC.
The operation principle of booster circuit 22 is: when the first power tube Q1 and the second power tube Q2 conducting, the electric current of the first inductance L 1 and the 2nd L2 inductance increases, stored energy, now, the first electrochemical capacitor C1 and the second electrochemical capacitor C2 provide energy by discharge type to inverter circuit 23; When the first power tube Q1 and the second power tube Q2 shutoff, the first inductance L 1 and the second inductance L 2 electric currents are exported backward from the first diode D1 and the second diode D2, electric current reduces, on the one hand, to inverter circuit 23, provide energy, on the other hand to the first electrochemical capacitor C1 and the second electrochemical capacitor C2 charging.Like this, by the first power tube Q1 and the second power tube Q2 turn-on and turn-off ceaselessly, will make this circuit produce positive and negative VD ± BUS voltage.This ± BUS output voltage decides by this solar cell input voltage VDC and the first power tube Q1 and the duty ratio of second power tube Q2 switching time,
In formula,, be the ON time of each cycle the first power tube Q1 and the second power Q2, for each cycle the first power tube Q1 and the second power tube Q2 turn-off time, be the operating frequency of booster circuit 22, in the present invention, get T=40kHz.
Maximal power tracing control algolithm of the present invention adopts simple and effective disturbance observation, and the program of its establishment easily realizes in parallel network reverse controller 4.Its operation principle is: by the disturbance of solar cell 1 output voltage being changed to the power output of battery, thereby with the variation of power output, judge the correctness of voltage disturbance direction.Boost circuit is equivalent to a variable load, by regulating the first power tube Q1 and the duty ratio D of second power tube Q2 switching time of Boost circuit can make solar cell 1 in different working points.Concrete control method is: the first step, the voltage U (k) of this solar cell 1 of control circuit 41 Real-time Collections and electric current I (k), and calculate its power output P (k)=U (k) * I (k), then compare with voltage U (k-1) and the power P (k-1) of last time, obtain voltage difference △ U (k)=U (k)-U (k-1) and △ P (k)=P (k)-P (k-1), and product △ PU (k)=△ U (k) * △ P (k) of two differences.Second step, control circuit 41 judgements: as △ PU (k) >0, given desired voltage values is Uref=U (k)+Ustep; As △ PU (k) <0, given desired voltage values is Uref=U (k)-Ustep, and in formula, Ustep is given voltage steps value.The 3rd step, control circuit 41 is according to difference E (k)=Uref-U (k) of the sampled voltage U (k) of given desired voltage values Uref and solar cell 1, passing ratio integration (PI) control algolithm calculates the duty ratio D of control signal, when given desired voltage values is low, the duty ratio D that calculating reaches will increase, make Boost contactor closing time elongated, thereby the electric current of Boost inductance will increase, according to the operating characteristic of solar cell, it is large that electric current becomes, voltage will reduce, and the power of output will be close to maximum power point; When given desired voltage values is high, the duty ratio D that calculating reaches will reduce, Boost contactor closing time is reduced, thereby the electric current of Boost inductance will reduce, according to the operating characteristic of solar cell 1, electric current diminishes, and voltage will increase, the power of output will be close to maximum power point, thereby reach the object that regulates solar cell 1 power output.When power tracking is when the maximum power point, desired voltage values equates with actual voltage value, and the degree of regulation of power output is very little, and the duty ratio D maintenance of control signal is stablized.
Shown in figure 2, inverter circuit 23 comprises the 3rd power tube Q3, the 4th power tube Q4, filter inductance L3 and filter capacitor C3; Wherein the collector electrode of the 3rd power tube Q3 connects the positive terminal of the first electrochemical capacitor E1, the emitter-base bandgap grading of the 3rd power tube Q3 connects the collector electrode of the 4th power tube Q4 and connects one end of filter inductance L3, the emitter-base bandgap grading of the 4th power tube Q4 connects the negative pole end of the second electrochemical capacitor E2, and the base stage of the 3rd power tube Q3 and the 4th power tube Q4 connects the 3rd output of drive circuit 43; One end of described filter capacitor C3 connects the other end of filter inductance L3, and the other end connects the N zero line side of booster circuit 22.
The operation principle of inverter circuit 23 is: as shown in Figure 2,3, in the drive waveforms of the 3rd power tube Q3 and the 4th power tube Q4, the conducting of the high expression of level power tube, this power tube cut-off of the low expression of level.The 3rd power tube Q3 and the 4th power tube Q4 are alternate conduction, and between the 3rd power tube Q3 off period the 4th power Q4 is for fixed frequency but duty ratio difference is carried out conducting and cut-off, between the 4th power Q4 off period, the 3rd power tube Q3 is with fixed frequency but duty ratio difference is carried out conducting and cut-off.It is waveform Va shown in Fig. 3 that such conducting and cut-off mode make the upper waveform of the tie point a of the 3rd power tube Q3, the 4th power Q4 and filter inductance L3.In one embodiment, the high level of Va waveform is+360V that low level is-360V that its intermediate value is 0V.By the filtering of filter inductance L3 and filter capacitor C3, the HFS in voltage Va is filtered away, at the output of inverter circuit 23 and the input of parallel network circuit 24, just obtain a sinusoidal waveform VAC as shown in Figure 3.In one embodiment, the output voltage of VAC is 220V ± 1%.It should be noted that drive control signal and Va waveform due to inverter circuit 23 are high-frequency signal, so in Fig. 3, obtain illustrating waveform after the high frequency waveforms frequency of the 3rd power tube Q3, the 4th power tube Q4 and Va is reduced.High frequency waveforms is equal each cycle time, and frequency is fixed, and is 20kHz in the present embodiment, but the time ratio of each conducting and cut-off is that duty ratio is different.Duty ratio is changed from small to big and is diminished, and the rule changing is followed the rule of sine wave pulse width modulated (SPWM).Like this, when filter inductance L3 and filter capacitor C3 filter after HFS, remaining low frequency part is just in time sinusoidal wave.And, the FEEDBACK CONTROL of inverter circuit 23 output voltages that design by the control circuit 41 in parallel network reverse controller 4, can regulate in real time the duty ratio of the driving signal of the 3rd power tube Q3, the 4th power tube Q4 according to the size of output voltage, thereby the output voltage V AC that guarantees inverter circuit 23 is in certain accuracy rating.
Shown in figure 2, the sinusoidal wave VAC of inverter circuit 23 outputs is transported to utility grid 3 through grid-connected switch 24, by parallel network reverse controller 4, controls the opportunity that sinusoidal wave VAC is coupled to utility grid 3.An embodiment of grid-connected switch 24 is with reference to shown in figure 2, and it switch that comprises the first controllable silicon SCR 1 and the second controllable silicon SCR 2, the first controllable silicon SCR 1 and the second controllable silicon SCR 2 is controlled by the control circuit 41 of parallel network reverse controller 4.When the first controllable silicon SCR 1 and the second controllable silicon SCR 2 are all when conducting, the output of inverter circuit 23 is that sinusoidal wave VAC and utility grid 3 are electrically connected, any one cut-off in the first controllable silicon SCR 1 and the second controllable silicon SCR 2, inverter circuit 23 disconnects with utility grid 3.
The operation principle of grid-connected switch 24 is: the output voltage of the control circuit 41 of parallel network reverse controller 4 by 44 pairs of booster voltages of sample circuit ± parameters such as the voltage of BUS voltage, inverter output voltage and phase place and utility grid 3 and phase place carry out isolated island detection and control to realize above-mentioned grid-connected function.When utility grid 3 power-off suddenly of breaking down suddenly even, or booster circuit 22 and inverter circuit 23 break down suddenly, the control circuit 41 of parallel network reverse controller 4 sends control command immediately, the first controllable silicon SCR 1 and second controllable silicon SCR 2 of grid-connected switch 24 are closed, due to silicon controlled zero-time switching characteristic, inverter circuit 23 disconnects at once with utility grid 3, and the gapless having realized between combining inverter and utility grid is switched.Otherwise when combining inverter recovers normal operation, grid-connected switch 204 can be realized equally combining inverter and seamlessly be cut in utility grid.
Shown in figure 4, the control circuit 41 in parallel network reverse controller 4 and the control flow chart of logical circuit 42 comprise the following steps:
Step 1: control circuit 41 is given the dsp chip of control circuit 41 and the GPLD chip of logical circuit 42 by parameters such as sample circuit 44 the sampling voltage and current of solar cell 1, the grid-connected current of the positive negative output voltage ± BUS of volt circuit 22, grid-connected switch 24 and the voltage of utility grid 3 and phase places.
Step 2: control circuit 41 and logical circuit 42 judge that solar cell 1 takes whether touch signal normal over the ground, whether overvoltage of booster voltage 22, whether the grid-connected current of grid-connected switch 24 overcurrent, the driving signal of booster circuit 22 and inverter circuit 23 whether common conduct and pulsewidth abnormal, and the voltage of this utility grid 3 and phase place whether all normal, if all parameters are normal, continue to enter step 3; If wherein there is parameter undesired, export control signal and disconnect input protection switch 21 and grid-connected switch 24 through drive circuit 43, and disconnect the pwm control signal of booster circuit 22 and inverter circuit 23, turn back to step 1; For instance, whether the input voltage VDC of solar cell 1 is in setting range, between 200-276V, whether the electric current of solar cell 1 is also in setting range, according to the amount of capacity of combining inverter, set, also whether the leakage current of solar cell 1≤10mA in setting range, if these parameters are all normal, performs step three;
Step 3: control circuit 41 output control signals are connected input protection switch 21, in the direct voltage access grid-connected inverter major loop 2 of solar cell 1, then, control circuit 41 output drive signals are to booster circuit 22, impel the direct voltage of solar cell 1 boost to positive negative dc voltage ± BUS voltage, continue to enter step 4; By drive circuit 43, increased after these power that drive signals and produced and control the first power tube Q1 of booster circuit 22 and the driving signal of the second power tube Q2 again, making to boost starts to carry out, and export positive negative dc voltage ± BUS voltage.Wherein, booster circuit 22 is implemented maximal power tracing and is controlled (MPPT), then, performs step four.
In step 4: the positive negative dc voltage of control circuit 41 judgement booster circuits 22 ± BUS voltage is in normal range (NR), output drive signal is to inverter circuit 23, impel positive negative dc voltage best friend to flow voltage and start to carry out inversion, wherein the alternating current of the frequency of inverter circuit 23, phase place and amplitude and utility grid 3 is with frequency, homophase and constant amplitude, voltage magnitude can have certain error, continue to enter step 5, otherwise turn back to step 1; For instance, ± BUS, in setting range as between ± 320-± 380VDC, if these parameters are all normal, performs step five; If wherein a certain parameter is undesired, for example ± BUS electric voltage over press, turns back to step 1.
Step 5: voltage, phase place and the grid-connected current of control circuit 41 judgement inverter circuits 23 are in normal range (NR), control being electrically connected between the closed inverter circuit 23 of grid-connected switch 24 and utility grid 3, the alternating current that inverter circuit 23 is produced is coupled to this utility grid 3, continue to enter step 6, otherwise turn back to step 1; Be that the control signal of control circuit 41 output inverter circuits 23 is to drive circuit 43, after increasing these power that drive signal by drive circuit 43 again, produce control the 3rd power tube Q3 of inverter circuit 23 and the driving signal of the 4th power tube Q4, make inversion start to carry out, these drive signals phase place can with utility grid 3 Phase synchronization, to make the sine wave phase and the electrical network Phase synchronization that produce after inversion, perform step six.
Step 6: and network process in, control circuit 41 is by output voltage and the electric current of sample circuit 44 sampling solar cells 1, in real time 1 maximum power that can export of solar cell is monitored, to implement MPPT maximum power point tracking, control, to adjust accordingly the duty ratio of the driving signal of booster circuit.The power-off even suddenly of breaking down suddenly of control circuit 41 judgement utility grid, exports control signal and disconnects grid-connected switch 24, cuts off in time being electrically connected between this combining inverter and this utility grid, stops the inversion of inverter circuit, and returns to step 1.For instance, grid-connected current is set according to the amount of capacity of combining inverter in setting range, the voltage of utility grid 3 is also in setting range, and between 200-240VAC, the phase difference of utility grid 3 and inverter circuit 23 is in setting range (as≤30 ') also.If these parameters are all normal, perform step seven; For example, if wherein a certain parameter is undesired (grid-connected current overcurrent), perform step eight.
Step 7: control circuit 41 output control signals are to drive circuit 43, after increasing by drive circuit 43 power that drives signal again, connect grid-connected switch 24, at this moment the output VAC of inverter circuit 23 is just coupled to utility grid 3, implement the electric connection of combining inverter and utility grid 3, complete generating electric energy grid-connected, then, turn back to step 1.
Step 8: control circuit 41 output control signals disconnect grid-connected switch 24, implement the electric disconnection of combining inverter and utility grid 3, then, turn back to step 1.
Step 9: control circuit 41 output control signals disconnect input protection switch 21, implement the electric disconnection of solar cell 1 and combining inverter, then, turn back to step 1.
In the present embodiment, described control circuit 41 is also according to the peak power output of monitoring solar cell 1, and adjusts accordingly the direct voltage of booster circuit 22; According to voltage and the phase place of monitoring utility grid 3, and adjust accordingly output voltage and the phase place of inverter circuit.
In the present embodiment; described logical circuit 42 is also according to monitoring the overvoltage of booster voltage 22, driving signal common conduct and the pulsewidth of the electric leakage of the overcurrent of grid-connected switch 24, solar cell 1, booster circuit 22 and inverter circuit 23 are abnormal; and block accordingly this driving signal, disconnect input protection switch 21 and grid-connected switch 24.
Claims (5)
1. a control method for solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter, solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter comprises solar cell (1), combining inverter major loop (2), utility grid (3), parallel network reverse controller (4) and parallel operation communication interface (5), wherein, described combining inverter major loop (2) comprises input protection switch (21), booster circuit (22), inverter circuit (23) and grid-connected switch (24), described input protection switch (21), booster circuit (22), inverter circuit (23) and grid-connected switch (24) are connected successively, the output of the input termination solar cell (1) of described input protection switch (21), protection switch (21) is electrically connected to combining inverter major loop (2) for closed or disconnection solar cell (1) according to a control signal, described booster circuit (22) is by input protection switch (21), in order to export a positive negative dc voltage after the output voltage of solar cell (1) is boosted, described inverter circuit (23) connects booster circuit (22) and is converted to alternating voltage in order to the positive negative dc voltage that booster circuit (22) is exported, grid-connected switch (24) is connected between inverter circuit (23) and utility grid (3), grid-connected switch (24) is closed or disconnect being electrically connected between inverter circuit (23) and utility grid (3), the input of the output termination utility grid (3) of grid-connected switch (24) according to a control signal, described parallel network reverse controller (4) comprises control circuit (41), logical circuit (42), drive circuit (43), sample circuit (44), battery voltage detection circuit (45), battery current detection circuit (46), booster voltage testing circuit (47), power grid voltage detection circuit (48), grid-connected current testing circuit (49) and electrical network phase detecting circuit (40), described sample circuit (44), control circuit (41), logical circuit (42) and drive circuit (43) are connected successively, described sample circuit (44) receives respectively battery voltage detection circuit (45), battery current detection circuit (46), booster voltage testing circuit (47), the signal of power grid voltage detection circuit (48) and grid-connected current testing circuit (49) output, one input of control circuit (41) receives the input signal of electrical network phase detecting circuit (40), described parallel operation communication interface (5) is connected on an input/output terminal of control circuit (41), one input of the first output termination input protection switch (21) of described drive circuit (43), one input of the second output termination booster circuit (22) of drive circuit (43), one input of the 3rd output termination inverter circuit (23) of drive circuit (43), one input of the 4th output grid-connected switch of termination (24) of drive circuit (43), this control method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: control circuit (41) is given the dsp chip of control circuit (41) and the GPLD chip of logical circuit (42) by the parameters such as voltage and current, the positive negative output voltage ± BUS of booster circuit (22), the grid-connected current of grid-connected switch (24) and the voltage of utility grid (3) and phase place of sample circuit (44) sampling solar cell (1);
Step 2: control circuit (41) and logical circuit (42) judge that solar cell (1) takes whether touch signal normal over the ground, whether overvoltage of booster voltage (22), whether the grid-connected current of grid-connected switch (24) overcurrent, the driving signal of booster circuit (22) and inverter circuit (23) whether common conduct and pulsewidth abnormal, and the voltage of this utility grid (3) and phase place whether all normal, if all parameters are normal, continue to enter step 3; If wherein there is parameter undesired, export control signal and disconnect input protection switch (21) and grid-connected switch (24) through drive circuit (43), and disconnect the pwm control signal of booster circuit (22) and inverter circuit (23), turn back to step 1;
Step 3: control circuit (41) output control signal is connected input protection switch (21), in the direct voltage access grid-connected inverter major loop (2) of solar cell (1), then, control circuit (41) output drive signal is to booster circuit (22), impel the direct voltage of solar cell (1) boost to positive negative dc voltage ± BUS voltage, continue to enter step 4; By drive circuit (43), increased after these power that drive signals and produced and control first power tube (Q1) of booster circuit (22) and the driving signal of the second power tube (Q2) again, making to boost starts to carry out, and exports positive negative dc voltage and be ± BUS voltage; Wherein, booster circuit (22) is implemented maximal power tracing and is controlled (MPPT), then, performs step four;
Step 4: the positive negative dc voltage of control circuit (41) judgement booster circuit (22) ± BUS voltage is in normal range (NR), output drive signal is to inverter circuit (23), impel positive negative dc voltage best friend to flow voltage and start to carry out inversion, wherein the alternating current of frequency, phase place and the amplitude of inverter circuit (23) and utility grid (3) is with frequency, homophase and constant amplitude, voltage magnitude can have certain error, continue to enter step 5, otherwise turn back to step 1;
Step 5: voltage, phase place and the grid-connected current of control circuit (41) judgement inverter circuit (23) are in normal range (NR), control being electrically connected between the closed inverter circuit of grid-connected switch (24) (23) and utility grid (3), the alternating current that inverter circuit (23) is produced is coupled to this utility grid (3), continue to enter step 6, otherwise turn back to step 1;
Step 6: and network process in, control circuit (41) is by output voltage and the electric current of sample circuit (44) sampling solar cell (1), the maximum power that can export solar cell (1) is in real time monitored, to implement MPPT maximum power point tracking, control, to adjust accordingly the duty ratio of the driving signal of booster circuit; The power-off even suddenly of breaking down suddenly of control circuit (41) judgement utility grid, export control signal and disconnect grid-connected switch (24), cut off in time being electrically connected between this combining inverter and this utility grid, stop the inversion of inverter circuit, and return to step 1;
Step 7: control circuit (41) output control signal is to drive circuit (43), after increasing by drive circuit (43) power that drives signal again, connect grid-connected switch (24), at this moment the output VAC of inverter circuit (23) is just coupled to utility grid (3), implement the electric connection of combining inverter and utility grid (3), complete generating electric energy grid-connected, then, turn back to step 1;
Step 8: control circuit (41) output control signal disconnects grid-connected switch (24), implements the electric disconnection of combining inverter and utility grid (3), then, turns back to step 1;
Step 9: control circuit (41) output control signal disconnects input protection switch (21), implements the electric disconnection of solar cell (1) and combining inverter major loop (2), then, turns back to step 1.
2. the control method of solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter according to claim 1, is characterized in that described booster circuit (22) comprises the first inductance (L1), the second inductance (L2), the first diode (D1), the second diode (D2), the first power tube (Q1), the second power tube (Q2), the first electrochemical capacitor (E1) and the second electrochemical capacitor (E2); One end of wherein said the first inductance (L1) and the second inductance (L2) connects respectively two outputs of input protection switch (21); The anode tap of described the first diode (D1) connects the other end of the first inductance (L1), and the cathode terminal of described the second diode (D2) connects the other end of the second inductance (L2); The collector electrode of described the first power tube (Q1) connects the anode tap of the first diode (D1), the emitter-base bandgap grading of the first power tube (Q1) connects the collector electrode of the second power tube (Q2) and forms N zero line side, the emitter-base bandgap grading of the second power tube (Q2) connects the cathode terminal of the second diode (D2), and the first power tube (Q1) is connected the second output of drive circuit (43) with the base stage of the second power tube (Q2); The positive terminal of described the first electrochemical capacitor (E1) connects the cathode terminal of the first diode (D1), the negative pole end of the first electrochemical capacitor (E1) connects the positive terminal of the second electrochemical capacitor (E2) and connects N zero line side, the negative pole end of the second electrochemical capacitor (E2) connects the anode tap of the second diode (D2), the positive terminal of the first electrochemical capacitor (E1) is exported positive direct voltage, and the negative pole end of the second electrochemical capacitor (E2) is exported negative direct voltage.
3. the control method of solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described inverter circuit (23) comprises the 3rd power tube (Q3), the 4th power tube (Q4), filter inductance (L3) and filter capacitor (C3); Wherein the collector electrode of the 3rd power tube (Q3) connects the positive terminal of the first electrochemical capacitor (E1), the emitter-base bandgap grading of the 3rd power tube (Q3) connects the collector electrode of the 4th power tube (Q4) and connects one end of filter inductance (L3), the emitter-base bandgap grading of the 4th power tube (Q4) connects the negative pole end of the second electrochemical capacitor (E2), and the base stage of the 3rd power tube (Q3) and the 4th power tube (Q4) connects the 3rd output of drive circuit (43); One end of described filter capacitor (C3) connects the other end of filter inductance (L3), and the other end connects the N zero line side of booster circuit (22).
4. the control method of solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described control circuit (41) is also according to the peak power output of monitoring solar cell (1), and adjust accordingly the direct voltage of booster circuit (22); According to voltage and the phase place of monitoring utility grid (3), and adjust accordingly output voltage and the phase place of inverter circuit.
5. the control method of solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter according to claim 1; it is characterized in that described logical circuit (42) also according to monitoring booster voltage (22) overvoltage, the overcurrent of grid-connected switch (24), driving signal common conduct and the pulsewidth of the electric leakage of solar cell (1), booster circuit (22) and inverter circuit (23) are abnormal; and block accordingly this driving signal, disconnect input protection switch (21) and grid-connected switch (24).
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