CN102280880A - Electrical energy quality management device of electrified railway with differentiated compensation - Google Patents
Electrical energy quality management device of electrified railway with differentiated compensation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102280880A CN102280880A CN2011102205727A CN201110220572A CN102280880A CN 102280880 A CN102280880 A CN 102280880A CN 2011102205727 A CN2011102205727 A CN 2011102205727A CN 201110220572 A CN201110220572 A CN 201110220572A CN 102280880 A CN102280880 A CN 102280880A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of power supply and power electronic technologies and electrical energy quality management of electrified railways and in particular relates to an electrical energy quality management device of the electrified railway with differentiated compensation. The device comprises a single-phase multi-winding transformer, a low-frequency module constituted by m back-to-back voltage source current transformers which are connected with a secondary side winding of the single-phase multi-winding transformer in parallel and a high-frequency module; and the device is connected with a two-phase winding on the secondary side of a traction transformer through x, y, z and w terminals of the single-phase multi-winding transformer. Improvement is performed on the topological structure of the device, the low-frequency module and the high-frequency module are adopted for performing decoupling compensation on a low-frequency component and a high-frequency component based on the idea of the differentiated compensation, and the device has the advantages of reducing the switching loss of the device, reducing the cost of the device and facilitating industrial standard production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electrified railway power supply, power electronic technology and power quality controlling field, specifically relate to a kind of electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device of differentiation compensation.
Background technology
That electric railway load has is non-linear, the characteristics of asymmetry and fluctuation.On the one hand, because electric railway traction power supply system all adopts the single phase power supply mode, electric locomotive is a single-phase load, and no matter which kind of mode of connection traction transformer takes, and all will inject bigger negative-sequence current to system; On the other hand, because electric locomotive adopts electronic power convertor, therefore can produce a large amount of harmonic wave injected systems.In addition, because the load of traction substation fluctuates at any time with the quantity of train in the supply arm and the running status of each train, so the electric railway load also has fluctuation.Along with the development of passenger traffic high speed and shipping heavy haul railway, new variation in various degree also can appear in the problems referred to above.For example, high order harmonic component and negative phase-sequence problem may become more outstanding because of the traction power increase of high-speed railway and shipping heavy duty.
At the power quality problem of above-mentioned electric railway, various indemnifying measures have been taked both at home and abroad.Wherein, commonplace method is at Traction Station installing fixed capacity (Fixed Capacitor, FC) compensation equipment.The common feature of this kind equipment is in reactive power compensation harmonic current to be administered.But because this class device belongs to the fixed compensation mode, can not flexible, so compensation arrangement will form idle sending when zero load or underloading, cause busbar voltage to raise, unfavorable to locomotive work, and reactive power compensation is not enough when heavy duty, can't realize dynamic compensation.Development along with power electronic technology and flexible power transmission and distribution technology, Static Var Compensator (Static Var Compensator, SVC) and STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator STATCOM) begins to be applied to the power quality controlling of electric railway.The SVC that is used for the electric railway compensation at present adopts single-phase thyristor-controlled reactor usually, and (Thyristor Controlled Reactor TCR) adds the mode that FC is installed on the traction side.This mode can be followed the frequent variation of traction load with enough speed, mainly compensates low-order harmonic and reactive power, and negative phase-sequence is also had certain inhibitory action.But the shortcoming of this mode is: TCR itself also produces harmonic wave, has not only influenced electrical network and load, also influences its compensation performance, causes the system filter requirement to increase, and when the full remuneration negative phase-sequence, the capacity of required compensation arrangement is very big.Single-phase, non-linear and wave characteristic at electric railway, Japan has proposed large-capacity railway power governor (the Railway Static Power Conditioner based on self-turn-off device, RPC), utilize back-to-back two big capacity current transformers that meritorious, idle and harmonic wave are controlled, make the load of two supply arms be in poised state constantly, thereby realizing the comprehensive compensation to negative phase-sequence and harmonic wave, is a kind of good comprehensive properties compensation way.
Because electric iron is the high-voltage large-capacity load, therefore the RPC device is also had jumbo demand, is generally several MVA between tens MVA.In order to satisfy characteristics such as the big capacity of RPC device, output waveform quality requirement height, need select suitable topological structure to the current transformer of RPC.For realizing above-mentioned target, on the one hand, can adopt the mode of power electronic device series and parallel, also can adopt cascade, many level Semiconductor Converting Technology on the other hand and based on multiple technology of transformer etc.Japanese is new---and the natural pond is the three level H-bridge structures that are based on the IGCT formation of Traction Station employing in utero, and AC side has adopted the doubleization technology reduction harmonic wave of output voltage of transformer series connection.Newly---the two level H-bridge structures that are based on the IGBT formation that Traction Station, eight families adopts, AC side adopt the quadruple mode of transformer series connection to carry out harmonic elimination.
Though the technology of above-mentioned employing cascade, many level and multipleization can improve the capacity of device, the good coordination problem between the multiple compensation target of solving device.In order to satisfy the higher relatively power quality problem of device compensation harmonic equifrequent, need to improve the switching frequency of all power devices usually, switching loss and cost that this will increase equipment greatly increase the weight of the burden of cooling system.In fact, lower switching frequency can satisfy device other compensation demands except that the harmonic compensation function, and the switching frequency that therefore improves all power devices of device is very uneconomic scheme.
Summary of the invention
All adopt same current transformer to compensate the well coordination problem between the multiple compensation target of solving device at fundamental wave reactive power, negative phase-sequence and harmonic wave, the device compensation harmonic need improve the switching frequency of all power devices, understand the switching loss and the cost of great increase equipment, increase the weight of the problems such as burden of cooling system.The present invention proposes a kind of electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device of differentiation compensation, this device can solve problems such as negative phase-sequence that traction station of electrical railroad exists, idle, harmonic wave, and can overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, this device can be applied to comprise traction transformers such as single-phase and three-phase V/v wiring, Yn/d11 wiring, balance wiring.With respect to existing scheme, the present invention has made improvement on the topological structure of device, thought based on the differentiation compensation, adopt low frequency module to fundamental wave reactive power and negative phase-sequence, low-order harmonic compensates, high-frequency model compensates the high-frequency harmonic component, the switching frequency of low frequency module is low, loss is little, can select the bigger switching device of electric pressure and capacity for use, can improve the capacity of single low frequency module, can reduce the low frequency module number under the identical compensation capacity, and then reduce the secondary side winding quantity that connects transformer, reduce the cost of Project Realization difficulty and transformer; Because the low relatively frequency module of the capacity of high-frequency model is very little, can adopt the switching device of high switching frequency, improve the ability and the precision of device harmonic compensation, have minimizing device switching loss simultaneously, reduce installation cost, be convenient to the advantage that industrial standardization is produced.
The objective of the invention is to adopt following technical proposals to realize:
A kind of electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device of differentiation compensation, its improvements are that described device comprises single-phase multi winding transformer, low frequency module and high-frequency model; The secondary winding of described single-phase multi winding transformer comprises low frequency module and high-frequency model in parallel; Described device x, the y by single-phase multi winding transformer and z and w terminal respectively inserts two phase windings in the traction transformer secondary side respectively.
A kind of optimized technical scheme provided by the invention is: described low frequency module comprises voltage source converter in parallel; Described voltage source converter comprises single-phase two level H-bridges and dc capacitor C
BdciDescribed dc capacitor C
BdciSingle-phase two level H-bridges of both sides link to each other and form " back-to-back " form.
Second optimized technical scheme provided by the invention is: described high-frequency model adopts single-phase two level H-bridge chain type cascade structures; Described single-phase two level H-bridges comprise dc capacitor C
DchiWith two and described dc capacitor C
DchiBrachium pontis in parallel; Described brachium pontis is formed by two insulation gate pole bipolar transistors up and down with the antiparallel diode of described insulation gate pole bipolar transistor.
The 3rd optimized technical scheme provided by the invention is: described single-phase two level H-bridges comprise two brachium pontis; Described brachium pontis is formed by two insulation gate pole bipolar transistors up and down with the antiparallel diode of described insulation gate pole bipolar transistor.
The 4th optimized technical scheme provided by the invention is: the H bridge quantity of described chain type cascade is according to the harmonic wave capacity and the harmonic number decision of required compensation.
The 5th optimized technical scheme provided by the invention is: described dc capacitor C
BdciAnd C
DchiDesign load should guarantee that dc capacitor voltage fluctuation is no more than-5%～+ 5% of described capacitance voltage rated value.
The 6th optimized technical scheme provided by the invention is: to the voltage source converter of described parallel connection and the pulse distribution control technology of single-phase two level H-bridge chain type cascade structures employing phase-shifting carrier wave.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that reaches of the present invention is:
1, the present invention adopts the function of low frequency module implement device negative sequence compensation and reactive power compensation, low frequency module is the structure of a plurality of voltage source converter parallel connections, voltage source converter parallel with one another adopts the pulse distribution control technology of phase-shifting carrier wave, can effectively suppress the harmonic content that current transformer self produces, make the former limit of multi winding transformer obtain good harmonic wave suppression characteristic; Wherein, each voltage source converter all adopts single-phase two level H-bridge structures, and the current transformer DC side of both sides links to each other and forms " back-to-back " form; And only need choose the self-turn-off device that has than low switching frequency and just can satisfy the output demand of hanging down frequency module, each low frequency module is identical, helps standardized production;
2, the present invention adopts the high fdrequency component compensate function of high-frequency model implement device, high-frequency model adopts single-phase two level H-bridge cascade connection structures, the H bridge quantity of cascade is according to the decision of factors such as the harmonic wave capacity of required compensation and harmonic number, the same high order harmonic component that adopts the phase-shifting carrier wave control technology to offset current transformer self, this structure can be used under identical capacitance grade than low switching frequency and obtain higher equivalent switching frequency, has good waveform output characteristic and harmonic current compensation ability; Different with low frequency module, each H bridge of high-frequency model all has independently dc capacitor provide voltage to support to it, does not take " back-to-back " mode, can realize the compensation respectively to two supply arm high fdrequency components;
3, the present invention with high-frequency model compensation harmonic problem, can effectively reduce to select the difficulty of the high switching frequency device of big capacity with low frequency module for compensating negative phase-sequence and idle problem, reduces switching frequency, reduces the device loss; Simultaneously, device is difficult to improve the difficulty of high fdrequency component compensation precision in the time of also can reducing bigger low frequency component and less high fdrequency component and export simultaneously;
4, the present invention has avoided the requirement of the high switching frequency of high-capacity power device to the mode that fundamental current and harmonic current compensate respectively; To the method for low frequency module and high-frequency model decoupling zero control, the problem that also can avoid first-harmonic and harmonic wave stack time-harmonic wave compensation precision to be difficult to guarantee can effectively improve the compensation performance of device, reduces unit scale and cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is according to the electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device main circuit structure schematic diagram based on the differentiation compensation of the present invention, wherein: 1: single-phase multi winding transformer; 2: low frequency module; 3: high-frequency model;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the voltage source converter of m of the present invention single " back-to-back " low frequency module;
Fig. 3 is high-frequency model V of the present invention
HLOr V
HRChain type cascade structure schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
The electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device main circuit structure schematic diagram of differentiation compensation of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, this device comprises two single-phase multi winding transformers 1, and the secondary winding of each single-phase multi winding transformer 1 comprises low frequency module 2 and high-frequency model 3 in parallel; This device x, the y by single-phase multi winding transformer 1 and z and w terminal respectively is connected to two phase windings of traction transformer secondary side respectively.
The present invention adopts single-phase multi winding transformer 1 to realize the parallel connection and the electrical isolation function of a plurality of voltage source converters.For low frequency module 2, each winding of transformer secondary equates substantially with mutual impedance between the winding of former limit; For high-frequency model 3, for the high fdrequency component output effect that guarantees that it is good, need take measures to reduce the leakage reactance of Transformer Winding, for example adopt measures such as special material, increase conductor cross-section.
The present invention adopts the function of low frequency module implement device negative sequence compensation and reactive power compensation.The structural representation of the voltage source converter of m of the present invention single " back-to-back " low frequency module as shown in Figure 2, low frequency module 2 is the structure of m voltage source converter 4 parallel connections, voltage source converter 4 parallel with one another adopts the pulse distribution control technology of phase-shifting carrier wave, can effectively suppress the harmonic content that current transformer self produces, make the former limit of multi winding transformer obtain good harmonic wave suppression characteristic; Wherein, each voltage source converter 4 all adopts single-phase two level H-bridge structures, and each voltage source converter 4 comprises single-phase two level H-bridges and dc capacitor C
BdciDc capacitor C
BdciThe H bridge current transformer DC side of both sides links to each other and forms " back-to-back " form, and only need choose the self-turn-off device that has than low switching frequency and just can satisfy the output demand of hanging down frequency module 2, and wherein, single-phase two level H-bridges comprise two brachium pontis; Each brachium pontis is formed by two insulation gate pole bipolar transistor IGBTs up and down with the antiparallel diode of each insulation gate pole bipolar transistor IGBT; The structure of each low frequency module 2 is identical, helps standardized production.
The present invention adopts the high fdrequency component compensate function of high-frequency model implement device.High-frequency model V of the present invention
HLOr V
HRThe cascade structure schematic diagram as shown in Figure 3, high-frequency model adopts single-phase two level H-bridge chain type cascade structures; Single-phase two level H-bridges comprise dc capacitor C
DchiWith two and dc capacitor C
DchiBrachium pontis in parallel; Each brachium pontis is formed by two insulation gate pole bipolar transistors up and down with the antiparallel diode of each insulation gate pole bipolar transistor; The H bridge quantity of cascade is according to the decision of factors such as the harmonic wave capacity of required compensation and harmonic number, wherein C
DchiPlay the effect of supporting direct voltage.The high-frequency model 3 same phase-shifting carrier wave pulse distribution control technologys that adopt are offset the high order harmonic component of H bridge current transformer self.This structure can be used under identical capacitance grade than low switching frequency and obtain higher equivalent switching frequency, has good waveform output characteristic and harmonic current compensation ability.Different with low frequency module, each H bridge of high-frequency model all has independently dc capacitor provide voltage to support to it, does not take " back-to-back " mode, can realize the compensation respectively to two supply arm high fdrequency components.
It is definite that the number of low frequency module and high-frequency model needs to take all factors into consideration the back according to factors such as compensation capacity, selected power device electric current and voltage quota, project cost etc.
The embodiment of the electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device of 20MVA differentiation compensation of the present invention is described in detail as follows:
At first, the relevant parameter of determining high-frequency model according to the harmonic compensation capacity and the number of times of apparatus of the present invention.---natural pond is Traction Station and new in utero---Traction Station, eight families RPC compensation capacity allocation project experience according to newly, the harmonic compensation capacity of device accounts for 20% of total capacity, therefore can determine that the high-frequency model capacity of device is 4MVA, and one-sided capacity is 2MVA.The harmonic number of common electric railway mainly below 19 times, the high-speed railway harmonic number can reach several kHz.Consider from engineering practicability and harmonic wave GB limited angular, can be with the compensation target of harmonic wave below 25 times as high-frequency model, and more the harmonic wave of high order can consider to use the passive high three-way filter filtering.For 25 times and following harmonic wave, in order to obtain to follow the tracks of preferably compensation effect, the switching frequency of high-frequency model power device is: f
Kh〉=10 * 25 * 50=12.5kHz.As seen, high-frequency model requires very high to the switching frequency of device.If adopt high-frequency I GBT device FZ800R12KE3 (1200V/800A), adopt the mode of two IGBT devices parallel connection to improve through-current capability, be 800A by electric current when two IGBT devices are in parallel, in order to guarantee not overcurrent of IGBT device, then the output voltage of required voltage source current transformer is at least 2MVA/800A=2.5kV after the cascade.When dc voltage is got 750V, consider-5%～+ 5% fluctuation of dc voltage, specified situation modulation ratio of following time gets 0.85, and then single two level H-bridge AC side of converter output rated voltages are
Then cascade quantity is N=2MVA/0.8kA/0.428kV ≈ 5.84, considers that redundant situation can determine that then single-phase two level H-bridge cascade connection numbers are 7 in the high-frequency model.Modulation ratio gets 0.8 during 7 cascades, and then output voltage is
Consider that a high-frequency model is out of service, during 6 high-frequency model operations, modulation ratio is got maximum 0.95, and then output voltage is
All can satisfy the requirement of output voltage under two kinds of operational modes, can guarantee not overcurrent of IGBT device greater than 2.5kV.To sum up calculate, can determine that high-frequency model Transformer Winding no-load voltage ratio is 27.5kV: 2.82kV.
Then, determine the relevant parameter of low frequency module according to the compensating fundamental wave capacity of apparatus of the present invention.Because the compensating fundamental wave capacity of device accounts for 80% of total capacity, therefore can determine that the low frequency module capacity of device is 16MVA, one-sided 8MVA.Because fundamental current frequency is f
1=50Hz in order well to follow the tracks of the compensation fundametal compoment, reduces output harmonic wave content, and the power device switching frequency of the voltage source converter in the low frequency module is: f
Kb〉=10 * f
1=500Hz.Therefore, low frequency module requires lower to the switching frequency of power device, can adopt the more IGBT device FZ1500R33HE3 (3300V/1500A) of present application, dc voltage is got 1.65kV, consider the fluctuation of dc voltage-5%～+ 5% simultaneously, modulation ratio gets 0.85, and the AC side voltage of then single H bridge is
Adopt the mode of two IGBT devices parallel connection to improve through-current capability, then single H bridge current transformer capacity is 0.94kV * 1.5kA=1.41MVA, can determine that then the quantity of low frequency module number and Circuit Fault on Secondary Transformer winding is 6.Low each winding no-load voltage ratio of frequency module is 27.5kV: 0.94kV.
This shows,, avoided the requirement of the high switching frequency of high-capacity power device IGBT the mode that fundamental current and harmonic current compensate respectively.To the method for the harmonious mode piece of low frequency module decoupling zero control, the problem that also can avoid first-harmonic and harmonic wave stack time-harmonic wave compensation precision to be difficult to guarantee can effectively improve the compensation performance of apparatus of the present invention, reduces unit scale and cost.
In fact, because the low-order harmonic current value is bigger, the mode that therefore also can take low frequency module for compensating low-order harmonic, high-frequency model only to be used to compensate high order harmonic component is optimized device, with requirement of withstand voltage and the cascade quantity that further reduces the high-frequency model device.
Should be noted that at last: above embodiment is only in order to explanation the application's technical scheme but not to the restriction of its protection range; although the application is had been described in detail with reference to the foregoing description; those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: those skilled in the art still can carry out all changes, revise or be equal to replacement to the embodiment of application after reading the application; these changes, revise or be equal to replacement, it is all within the claim scope that its application is awaited the reply.
Claims (7)
1. the electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device of a differentiation compensation is characterized in that, described device comprises single-phase multi winding transformer (1), low frequency module (2) and high-frequency model (3); The secondary winding of described single-phase multi winding transformer (1) comprises low frequency module (2) and high-frequency model (3) in parallel; Described device x, the y by single-phase multi winding transformer (1) and z and w terminal respectively inserts two phase windings in the traction transformer secondary side respectively.
2. the electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device of differentiation compensation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described low frequency module (2) comprises voltage source converter (4) in parallel; Described voltage source converter (4) comprises single-phase two level H-bridges and dc capacitor C
BdciDescribed dc capacitor C
BdciSingle-phase two level H-bridges of both sides link to each other and form " back-to-back " form.
3. want the electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device of 1 described differentiation compensation as right, it is characterized in that described high-frequency model (3) adopts single-phase two level H-bridge chain type cascade structures; Described single-phase two level H-bridges comprise dc capacitor C
DchiWith two and described dc capacitor C
DchiBrachium pontis in parallel; Described brachium pontis is formed by two insulation gate pole bipolar transistors up and down with the antiparallel diode of described insulation gate pole bipolar transistor.
4. the electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device of differentiation compensation as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described single-phase two level H-bridges comprise two brachium pontis; Described brachium pontis is formed by two insulation gate pole bipolar transistors up and down with the antiparallel diode of described insulation gate pole bipolar transistor.
5. the electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device of differentiation compensation as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the H bridge quantity of described chain type cascade is according to the harmonic wave capacity and the harmonic number decision of required compensation.
6. as the electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device of each described differentiation compensation among the claim 2-3, it is characterized in that described dc capacitor C
BdciAnd C
DchiDesign load should guarantee that dc capacitor voltage fluctuation is no more than-5%～+ 5% of described capacitance voltage rated value.
7. as the electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device of each described differentiation compensation among the claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, the control of the voltage source converter (4) of described parallel connection and single-phase two level H-bridge chain type cascade structures is adopted the pulse distribution control technology of phase-shifting carrier wave.
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| CN102594114A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2012-07-18 | 株洲南车时代电气股份有限公司 | Cophase supply current transformer system |
| CN103023043A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-04-03 | 江苏省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Two-phase STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) management device on traction side of electrified railway, and control method of device |
| CN109617424A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-12 | 国电南瑞南京控制系统有限公司 | Large-capacity railway cophase supply current transformer DC voltage optimal control method |
| CN114362162A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-15 | 西南交通大学 | Railway energy route regulation and control method based on photovoltaic energy storage system |
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| CN109617424A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-12 | 国电南瑞南京控制系统有限公司 | Large-capacity railway cophase supply current transformer DC voltage optimal control method |
| CN114362162A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-15 | 西南交通大学 | Railway energy route regulation and control method based on photovoltaic energy storage system |
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| CN102280880B (en) | 2014-08-27 |
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