WO2017134838A1 - Non-contact charging equipment - Google Patents

Non-contact charging equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017134838A1
WO2017134838A1 PCT/JP2016/059008 JP2016059008W WO2017134838A1 WO 2017134838 A1 WO2017134838 A1 WO 2017134838A1 JP 2016059008 W JP2016059008 W JP 2016059008W WO 2017134838 A1 WO2017134838 A1 WO 2017134838A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
voltage
battery
current
control
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2016/059008
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
啓一 本田
稔 吉谷
Original Assignee
株式会社ヘッズ
トライテック株式会社
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Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社ヘッズ, トライテック株式会社 filed Critical 株式会社ヘッズ
Priority to JP2017565384A priority Critical patent/JP6746622B2/en
Publication of WO2017134838A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017134838A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention is used for, for example, a non-contact charging facility (usually 0.5 kW or more of transmission power) that supplies power in a contactless manner to, for example, a transport cart (for example, AGV) or an automobile battery that moves on a factory or a general road. )
  • a non-contact charging facility usually 0.5 kW or more of transmission power
  • a transport cart for example, AGV
  • an automobile battery that moves on a factory or a general road.
  • a transport cart powered by a battery in a factory or the like needs to be charged regularly, and the transport cart is stopped using a connection cord by stopping the transport cart near a charger placed at a predetermined place. And the charger was connected, and the battery was being charged.
  • a connection cord it is extremely troublesome to connect the connection cord to a power supply source. For example, as shown in Patent Documents 1 to 3, electric power can be supplied to the transport carriage without contact. Supply is done.
  • Patent Document 4 when a resonance circuit is incorporated on the primary coil side or the secondary coil side, there is a problem that a large current flows in the resonance circuit and heat is generated. Therefore, as shown in Patent Document 4, a non-contact power supply apparatus is proposed in which the resonance current of the secondary coil is controlled by using a switching element, and the secondary resonance current is kept constant and heat generation in the secondary circuit is suppressed. Has been.
  • a current control unit is provided on the secondary side, a device for controlling the current to be constant is required for the transport carriage including all the secondary side devices, which is not economically preferable.
  • the primary device may operate regardless of the state of the secondary device, and wasteful power may be consumed.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a non-contact charging facility that measures battery voltage and current on the secondary side and accurately controls charging current and charging voltage on the primary side.
  • a non-contact charging facility that meets the above object is provided in a fixed state on a side wall, a floor portion, or a ceiling portion of a structure, and includes a power supply device having a primary coil that receives power supply from a high-frequency power source including an inverter, an automobile, or A power receiving device having a secondary coil and a resonance coil that are electromagnetically coupled to the primary coil, and that is provided in a transport carriage and arranged to be laterally movable with a gap with respect to the power feeding device.
  • a non-contact charging facility for charging a battery connected to the power receiving device from 1) First and second optical communication units that are connected to the control unit (A) of the power feeding device and the control unit (B) of the power receiving device, respectively, and are arranged to face each other and exchange optical signals; 2) Provided in the control unit (B), the charging voltage of the battery measured by the voltage measuring means, the charging current of the battery measured by the current measuring means, and the power receiving device measured by the thermometer (for example, a resonance coil) ) And an optical signal processing means for converting the signals of the operating temperature and sending them to the second optical communication unit, 3) Provided in the control unit (A), receives the signal from the first optical communication unit, detects the charging voltage and the charging current, performs PWM control of the inverter that oscillates at a fixed frequency, When the charging voltage is lower than a specified voltage, a constant current control to the battery is performed, and when the charging voltage becomes the specified voltage, a charging control means for performing a constant voltage control to the battery; 4)
  • a second protective means for stopping the operation of the inverter 6) provided in the control unit (A), and stops the operation of the inverter after the constant voltage control to the battery is completed.
  • the third protection means is 1) after constant current (charge) control, when constant voltage (charge) control is performed until the charge current becomes a predetermined current or less to stop the operation of the inverter. 2) When the operation of the inverter is stopped after a certain time has elapsed after the completion of the constant voltage (charge) control, 3) after the constant current (charge) control, the timer counts with a timer to perform the constant voltage (charge) control. In some cases, the operation of the inverter is stopped by counting up.
  • the optical signal processing means converts data measured by the voltage measuring means, the current measuring means, and the thermometer into digital signals, and the converted digital data is further converted into a serial signal. And is transmitted as an optical signal from the second optical communication unit, received by the first optical communication unit, demodulated by the charge control means, and the inverter by the charge control means It is preferable to perform the PWM control.
  • the power receiving device includes a secondary E core made of a ferrite core, the secondary coil wound around a central magnetic pole portion of the secondary E core, and the resonance coil.
  • a resonance capacitor is connected to the resonance coil
  • the power feeding device includes a primary core made of a ferrite core having a plate-like portion and a rod-like portion that protrudes from the center of the plate-like portion, and the rod-like portion. It is preferable to have the primary coil wound around.
  • first and second wireless communication units using radio waves and ultrasonic waves as media may be used instead of the first and second optical communication units described above.
  • the optical signal described above is a radio signal using radio waves and ultrasonic waves as a medium
  • the optical signal means is a radio signal means using radio waves and ultrasonic waves as a medium (that is, read).
  • the charging voltage and charging current of the battery which are provided in the control unit (B) and measured by the voltage measuring means and the current measuring means, and the operating temperature of the power receiving device measured by the thermometer Radio signal processing means for converting the signal and sending it to the second radio communication unit, and provided in the control unit (A), receiving the signal from the first radio communication unit, detecting the charging voltage and the charging current, PWM control of the inverter that oscillates at a fixed frequency is performed.
  • the charging voltage is lower than the specified voltage
  • constant current control to the battery is performed.
  • the charging voltage reaches the specified voltage constant voltage control to the battery is performed. Since it has the charge control means to perform, the output of the inverter can be controlled while looking at the voltage and current on the secondary side.
  • the non-contact charging equipment according to the present invention is provided in the control unit (A) and stops the operation of the inverter when the operating temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature value in response to a signal from the first wireless communication unit. Therefore, the charging operation can be stopped by sensing the temperature abnormality on the power receiving side.
  • the non-contact charging equipment which concerns on this invention is provided in a control part (A), and when a charging current exceeds the maximum current value by the signal from a 1st radio
  • the non-contact charging facility according to the present invention is provided in the control unit (A), and is provided with third protection means for stopping the operation of the inverter after confirming the completion of the constant voltage control to the battery. Therefore, it is possible to prevent overcharging of the battery and to notify the power feeding device, the power receiving device or the outside of the completion of charging. In this case, it is preferable to activate a lamp or a buzzer.
  • the wireless signal processing means converts the data measured by the voltage measuring means, the current measuring means and the thermometer into digital signals, and further converts the converted digital data into serial signals.
  • the signal processing is simplified, There are few malfunctions.
  • the first and second are connected to the control unit (A) of the power feeding device and the control unit (B) of the power receiving device, respectively, and are arranged opposite to each other to exchange optical signals.
  • light including ultraviolet rays, visible rays, infrared rays, and far infrared rays
  • the power supply device and the power reception device are connected to each other with less interference compared to radio waves. it can.
  • the power receiving device includes a secondary side E core made of a ferrite core and a secondary coil and a resonance coil wound around the central magnetic pole portion of the secondary side E core, A resonance capacitor is connected to the coil, and the power supply device is a ferrite core primary side core having a plate-like portion and a rod-like portion that protrudes from the center of the plate-like portion, and a primary coil wound around the rod-like portion , The magnetic coupling between the primary coil and the secondary coil becomes stronger, and the power transmission efficiency increases. Furthermore, even if the orientation of the secondary E core in the longitudinal direction changes in plan view, power can be supplied with the same transmission efficiency as long as other conditions are the same.
  • the non-contact charging facility 10 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the non-contact charging facility 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided in a fixed state on the side wall, floor, or ceiling of the structure, and is supplied with power from a high-frequency power source including an inverter 11.
  • Power receiving device 13 having primary coil 12 receiving power
  • power receiving device 16 having a secondary coil 14 and a resonance coil 15 that are provided in an automobile or a carriage that can move laterally with respect to power feeding device 13 and that are electromagnetically coupled to primary coil 12.
  • the power receiving device 16 When the power is fed, the power receiving device 16 is arranged so as to be laterally movable with a gap with respect to the power feeding device 13, and the secondary coil 14 directly above (or directly below, directly beside) the primary coil 12 of the power feeding device 13 and In a state where the resonance coil 15 is disposed, the battery 17 connected to the power receiving device 16 is charged from the power feeding device 13.
  • the laterally movable gap refers to a space in which the secondary coil 14 and the resonance coil 15 can freely move laterally with respect to the primary coil 12 arranged in a fixed state.
  • the non-contact charging facility 10 is connected to the control unit (A) 19 of the power supply device 13 and the control unit (B) 20 of the power receiving device 16 and is disposed so as to face and receive optical signals (an example of a radio signal).
  • the first and second optical communication units (an example of the first and second wireless communication units) 21 and 22 are provided.
  • each of the first and second optical communication units 21 and 22 includes a light emitting unit (for example, an LED) and a light receiving unit (for example, a photodiode) (not shown), and receives an optical signal (A) from the power feeding device 13.
  • An optical signal (B) is sent from the power receiving device 16 to the power supply device 13 to the device 16.
  • the control unit (B) 20 includes a charging voltage and a charging current of the battery 17 measured by the voltage measuring unit 23 and the current measuring unit 24, and an operating temperature of the power receiving device 16 (particularly, the resonance coil 15) measured by the thermometer 25. And an optical signal processing means (an example of a wireless signal processing means) 26 that converts the signal to be sent to the second optical communication unit 22 is provided.
  • the control unit (A) 19 receives a signal from the first optical communication unit 21, detects the included charging voltage and charging current signals, performs PWM control of the inverter 11 that oscillates at a fixed frequency, When the charging voltage is lower than the specified voltage (Vc, see FIG. 5), the constant current control to the battery 17 is performed, and when the charging voltage becomes the specified voltage (Vc), the constant voltage control to the battery 17 is performed.
  • Charge control means 28 is provided.
  • the specified voltage is usually preferably about 1.1 to 1.15 times the rated voltage of the battery, but the present invention is not limited to this number.
  • the optical signal processing means 26 converts the data measured by the voltage measuring means 23, the current measuring means 24 and the thermometer 25 from an analog signal to a digital signal, and further converts the converted digital data into a serial signal.
  • the optical signal is transmitted from the second optical communication unit 22, the optical signal is received by the first optical communication unit 21, demodulated by the charge control unit 28, and voltage, current, and temperature signals are received by the charge control unit 28.
  • PWM control of the inverter (high frequency power supply) 11 is performed using the voltage and current.
  • the power source of the inverter 11 is obtained by converting a commercial power source (for example, three-phase alternating current) 30 into direct current by a rectifier circuit 31.
  • control unit (A) 19 receives the signal from the first optical communication unit 21 and operates the inverter 11 via the charge control means 28 when the operating temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature value (Tc). It has the 1st protection means 33 to stop.
  • the control unit (A) 19 when the charging current exceeds the maximum current value (Imax) or the charging voltage exceeds the maximum voltage value (Vmax) by the signal from the first optical communication unit 21 In this case, second protection means 34 for stopping the operation of the inverter 11 via the charge control means 28 is provided.
  • the charging current is less than the minimum current value (Imin), or when the charging voltage is less than the minimum voltage value (Vmin), an alarm can be issued from the charging control means 28.
  • a third protection means 35 is provided.
  • This third protection means 35 has a lamp output, and has an electric wave, an ultrasonic wave, a radio signal by light, or a contact signal, and is an automatic transport vehicle that is an example of a transport carriage having the power receiving device 16. (AGV) or the completion of charging of the automobile can be detected and started.
  • a resonance capacitor 37 is connected to the resonance coil 15, and the output of the secondary coil 15 is connected to a battery 17 as a load via a rectifier 39.
  • 2 is used for experiments, a three-phase AC voltmeter 40 and ammeter 41 on the primary side, and a high-frequency voltmeter 42 that measures the output voltage and output current of the inverter 11, respectively. And a high-frequency ammeter 43.
  • the power receiving device 16 is provided with a DC voltmeter 44 that measures the charging voltage of the battery 17 and a DC ammeter 45 that measures the charging current of the battery 17.
  • R is a circuit resistance
  • L is the inductance of the resonance coil
  • C is the capacitance of the resonance capacitor
  • f is the frequency.
  • the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit is preferably larger than the oscillation frequency of the inverter 11, but can be reduced.
  • the primary core 46 around which the primary coil 12 is wound includes a flat part (an example of a plate-like part) 47 having a circular shape or a rounded corner part, and a flat surface as shown in FIG. 4. It has a columnar (radius r) upright magnetic pole part (an example of a rod-like part) 48 in the center of the part 47, and is made of a ferrite core.
  • the upright magnetic pole portion 48 has a cross-sectional area in which the magnetic flux of the primary coil 12 is not saturated, and the thickness g of the flat portion 47 is 0.5r to r so as not to be magnetically saturated.
  • a litz wire is used for the primary coil 12 and is wound around the upright magnetic pole portion 48 by about 10 to 30 turns.
  • the upright magnetic pole portion 48 and the flat surface portion 47 are preferably integrated with no joint, but may be formed of a divided structure and bonded with an adhesive or the like. In this case, an adhesive containing magnetic powder is preferably used.
  • a secondary E core 49 using the ferrite core material shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is used for the power receiving device 16, and the secondary coil 14 and the resonance coil 15 are wound around the central magnetic pole portion 50 of the E core 49. .
  • the resonance coil 15 is wound about 10 to 50 turns, for example, and the secondary coil 14 is about 5 to 20 turns, for example.
  • the cross-sectional area of the E core 49 is also sufficiently large so as not to be magnetically saturated by the current flowing through the secondary coil 14 and the resonance coil 15.
  • the maximum diameter d of the planar portion 47 of the primary side core 46 is, for example, one time the maximum diameter in plan view of the secondary side core, that is, the E core 49 and the maximum diameter in plan view of the secondary coil 14 and the resonance coil 15. Exceeding 1.6 times and not more than 1.6 times, the magnetic coupling degree between the primary core 46 and the E core 49 is increased, and the leakage magnetic flux escaping to the back side of the primary core 46 is reduced. Further, since the E core 49 is used so as to be covered with the flat portion 47 of the primary side core 46 on the secondary side, the E core 49 and the primary side core 46 are approximately aligned with each other by substantially aligning the E core 49 with the E axis 49. Regardless of the planar orientation of the core 49, efficient non-contact power feeding from the primary side to the secondary side is possible.
  • 51 is a cover material that is made of a non-magnetic material and an insulator and covers the entire primary coil 12.
  • the power feeding device 13 is disposed at a predetermined position, and a transport carriage (for example, AGV) having the power receiving device 16 is disposed at a predetermined position.
  • the power feeding device 13 is arranged on the ceiling, side wall, or floor of the structure, and the power receiving device 16 has a slight gap in the power feeding device 13 so that the power feeding device 13 moves laterally with respect to the power receiving device 16. It is preferable that they are arranged so as to face each other.
  • the charging voltage and charging current of the battery 17 are measured by the voltage measuring unit 23 and the current measuring unit 24, and the light from the second optical communication unit 22 is output via the optical signal processing unit 26 together with the output of the thermometer 25. It is emitted to the outside as a signal.
  • the emitted optical signal is received by the first optical communication unit 21 and demodulated into a signal of current, voltage, and temperature by the charging control means 28.
  • constant current control CC region
  • CV region constant voltage control
  • the specified voltage is preferably set to a high range within a little range (for example, 5 to 15%) of the rated voltage (Vs) of the battery 17.
  • a charging completion signal is sent from the power receiving device 16 to the power feeding device 13 using optical communication, and charging is performed.
  • the work is complete.
  • the charging control may be completed by operating the timer (that is, by the timer control) to perform the constant voltage (charging) control.
  • the power feeding device 13 is stopped and an alarm (lamp, bell, other signal) is issued.
  • the ferrite core is used as the magnetic material, but other materials can be used as long as the material has good high frequency characteristics and low iron loss.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the present invention is also applied to an improvement or a component added to the extent that the gist of the present invention is not changed.
  • light is used as the signal medium means, but it is also applicable to radio waves and ultrasonic waves.
  • the non-contact charging facility detects the voltage, current, and temperature states on the power receiving side, and wirelessly communicates them to the power feeding side to control the voltage and current on the power receiving side. It can be simplified and lightened, resulting in energy savings.
  • Non-contact charging equipment 11: Inverter, 12: Primary coil, 13: Power feeding device, 14: Secondary coil, 15: Resonant coil, 16: Power receiving device, 17: Battery, 19: Control unit (A), 20 Control unit (B), 21: first optical communication unit, 22: second optical communication unit, 23: voltage measurement unit, 24: current measurement unit, 25: thermometer, 26: optical signal processing unit, 28 : Charging control means, 30: commercial power supply, 31: rectifier circuit, 33: first protection means, 34: second protection means, 35: third protection means, 37: capacitor, 39: rectifier, 40: voltage 41: ammeter, 42: high frequency voltmeter, 43: high frequency ammeter, 44: direct current voltmeter, 45: direct current ammeter, 46: primary core, 47: plane portion, 48: upright magnetic pole portion, 49: E Core, 50: central magnetic pole part, 51: cover material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention is provided with: a power feeding device 13 which includes an inverter 11 and which has a primary coil 12 that receives power from a high frequency power supply; and a power receiving device 16 which is provided in an automobile or a conveyance carrier, which is disposed so as to be laterally movable relative to the power feeding device 13 with a space interposed therebetween, and which has a resonant coil 15 and a secondary coil 14 electromagnetically coupled to the primary coil 12, wherein the charging state of a battery 17 is transmitted to the power feeding device 13 via a wireless communication so that constant-voltage charging and constant-current charging of the battery 17 are performed, and an abnormal state of the power receiving device 16 is also detected so that device protection is performed.

Description

非接触充電設備Non-contact charging equipment
本発明は、例えば工場内や一般道路を移動する搬送台車（例えば、ＡＧＶ）又は自動車の電池等に非接触で電力を供給する非接触充電設備（通常、０．５ｋＷ以上の送電電力に使用する）に関する。 The present invention is used for, for example, a non-contact charging facility (usually 0.5 kW or more of transmission power) that supplies power in a contactless manner to, for example, a transport cart (for example, AGV) or an automobile battery that moves on a factory or a general road. )
例えば、工場等で電池で動く搬送台車は、定期的に電池を充電する必要があり、所定の場所に配置された充電器の近くに搬送台車を止めて、接続コードを用いて搬送台車の電池と充電器を接続し、電池への充電が行われていた。ところが、接続コードを用いて電池へ充電する場合、接続コードを電力供給源に接続する等、極めて手間であるので、例えば、特許文献１～３に示すように、搬送台車に非接触で電力を供給することが行われている。 For example, a transport cart powered by a battery in a factory or the like needs to be charged regularly, and the transport cart is stopped using a connection cord by stopping the transport cart near a charger placed at a predetermined place. And the charger was connected, and the battery was being charged. However, when charging a battery using a connection cord, it is extremely troublesome to connect the connection cord to a power supply source. For example, as shown in Patent Documents 1 to 3, electric power can be supplied to the transport carriage without contact. Supply is done.
特開２００５－９４８６２号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-94862 特開２００６－３２５３５０号公報JP 2006-325350 A ＷＯ２００６／０２２３６５号公報WO2006 / 022365 特許第５７０７５４３号公報Japanese Patent No. 5707543
しかしながら、特許文献１～３に記載のように、一次コイル側又は二次コイル側に共振回路を組み込むと、共振回路に大きな電流が流れ、発熱するという問題があった。
そこで、特許文献４に示すように、二次コイルの共振電流をスイッチング素子を用いて制御し、二次側共振電流を一定に保ち二次側回路の発熱を抑制した非接触電力供給装置が提案されている。 However, as described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, when a resonance circuit is incorporated on the primary coil side or the secondary coil side, there is a problem that a large current flows in the resonance circuit and heat is generated.
Therefore, as shown in Patent Document 4, a non-contact power supply apparatus is proposed in which the resonance current of the secondary coil is controlled by using a switching element, and the secondary resonance current is kept constant and heat generation in the secondary circuit is suppressed. Has been.
ところが、二次側に電流の制御部を設けると、全ての二次側機器を備えた搬送台車に電流を一定に制御する装置が必要であり、経済上好ましくない。
また、特許文献４に記載する装置は、二次側機器の状態に関わらず一次側機器が作動する場合もあり、無駄な電力が消費される場合があった。 However, if a current control unit is provided on the secondary side, a device for controlling the current to be constant is required for the transport carriage including all the secondary side devices, which is not economically preferable.
In the device described in Patent Document 4, the primary device may operate regardless of the state of the secondary device, and wasteful power may be consumed.
本発明はかかる事情に鑑みてなされたもので、二次側で電池の電圧及び電流を測定して、一次側で的確に充電電流及び充電電圧を制御する非接触充電設備を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a non-contact charging facility that measures battery voltage and current on the secondary side and accurately controls charging current and charging voltage on the primary side. And
前記目的に沿う本発明に係る非接触充電設備は、構築物の側壁、床部又は天井部に固定状態で設けられ、インバータを含む高周波電源から電力供給を受ける一次コイルを有する給電装置と、自動車又は搬送台車に設けられ、前記給電装置に対して隙間を有して横移動可能に配置され、前記一次コイルと電磁結合する二次コイル及び共振コイルを有する受電装置とを備え、給電時には前記給電装置から前記受電装置に接続された電池に充電する非接触充電設備において、
１）前記給電装置の制御部（Ａ）、前記受電装置の制御部（Ｂ）にそれぞれ接続され、かつ対向配置されて光信号の授受を行う第１、第２の光通信部と、
２）前記制御部（Ｂ）に設けられ、電圧計測手段で測定した前記電池の充電電圧、電流計測手段で測定した前記電池の充電電流、及び温度計で測定した前記受電装置（例えば、共振コイル）の作動温度の信号をそれぞれ変換して、前記第２の光通信部に送る光信号処理手段と、
３）前記制御部（Ａ）に設けられ、前記第１の光通信部からの信号を受けて前記充電電圧及び前記充電電流を検知し、固定周波数で発振する前記インバータのＰＷＭ制御を行って、前記充電電圧が規定電圧より低い場合は、前記電池への定電流制御を行い、前記充電電圧が前記規定電圧となった場合は、前記電池への定電圧制御を行う充電制御手段と、
４）前記制御部（Ａ）に設けられ、前記第１の光通信部からの信号を受けて前記作動温度が所定温度値を超えた場合には、前記インバータの動作を停止する第１の保護手段と、
５）前記制御部（Ａ）に設けられ、前記第１の光通信部からの信号により、前記充電電流が最大電流値を超えた場合、又は前記充電電圧が最大電圧値を超えた場合、前記インバータの動作を停止する第２の保護手段と、
６）前記制御部（Ａ）に設けられ、前記電池への定電圧制御が完了した後、前記インバータの動作を停止する第３の保護手段が設けられている。 A non-contact charging facility according to the present invention that meets the above object is provided in a fixed state on a side wall, a floor portion, or a ceiling portion of a structure, and includes a power supply device having a primary coil that receives power supply from a high-frequency power source including an inverter, an automobile, or A power receiving device having a secondary coil and a resonance coil that are electromagnetically coupled to the primary coil, and that is provided in a transport carriage and arranged to be laterally movable with a gap with respect to the power feeding device. In a non-contact charging facility for charging a battery connected to the power receiving device from
1) First and second optical communication units that are connected to the control unit (A) of the power feeding device and the control unit (B) of the power receiving device, respectively, and are arranged to face each other and exchange optical signals;
2) Provided in the control unit (B), the charging voltage of the battery measured by the voltage measuring means, the charging current of the battery measured by the current measuring means, and the power receiving device measured by the thermometer (for example, a resonance coil) ) And an optical signal processing means for converting the signals of the operating temperature and sending them to the second optical communication unit,
3) Provided in the control unit (A), receives the signal from the first optical communication unit, detects the charging voltage and the charging current, performs PWM control of the inverter that oscillates at a fixed frequency, When the charging voltage is lower than a specified voltage, a constant current control to the battery is performed, and when the charging voltage becomes the specified voltage, a charging control means for performing a constant voltage control to the battery;
4) A first protection provided in the control unit (A), which stops the operation of the inverter when the operating temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature value in response to a signal from the first optical communication unit. Means,
5) provided in the control unit (A), and when the charging current exceeds a maximum current value or when the charging voltage exceeds a maximum voltage value by a signal from the first optical communication unit, A second protective means for stopping the operation of the inverter;
6) A third protection unit is provided in the control unit (A), and stops the operation of the inverter after the constant voltage control to the battery is completed.
なお、第３の保護手段は、１）定電流（充電）制御の後、充電電流が所定電流以下になるまで定電圧（充電）制御を行って前記インバータの動作を止める場合、２）更に、この定電圧（充電）制御の完了後、一定時間経過後に前記インバータの動作を止める場合、３）定電流（充電）制御の後、タイマーでカウントして定電圧（充電）制御を行い、該タイマーのカウントアップによって、前記インバータの動作を止めるようにする場合等がある。 The third protection means is 1) after constant current (charge) control, when constant voltage (charge) control is performed until the charge current becomes a predetermined current or less to stop the operation of the inverter. 2) When the operation of the inverter is stopped after a certain time has elapsed after the completion of the constant voltage (charge) control, 3) after the constant current (charge) control, the timer counts with a timer to perform the constant voltage (charge) control. In some cases, the operation of the inverter is stopped by counting up.
本発明に係る非接触充電設備において、前記光信号処理手段は、前記電圧計測手段及び前記電流計測手段並びに前記温度計でそれぞれ測定したデータをデジタル信号に変換し、変換したデジタルデータを更にシリアル信号に変換して、前記第２の光通信部から光信号として送信し、該光信号を前記第１の光通信部で受信して、前記充電制御手段で復調し、該充電制御手段で前記インバータのＰＷＭ制御を行うのが好ましい。 In the non-contact charging facility according to the present invention, the optical signal processing means converts data measured by the voltage measuring means, the current measuring means, and the thermometer into digital signals, and the converted digital data is further converted into a serial signal. And is transmitted as an optical signal from the second optical communication unit, received by the first optical communication unit, demodulated by the charge control means, and the inverter by the charge control means It is preferable to perform the PWM control.
本発明に係る非接触充電設備において、前記受電装置は、フェライトコア製の二次側Ｅコアと該二次側Ｅコアの中央磁極部に巻かれた前記二次コイルと前記共振コイルを有し、該共振コイルには共振コンデンサが接続され、前記給電装置は、板状部と該板状部の中央に突出して形成された棒状部とを有するフェライトコア製の一次側コアと、前記棒状部に巻かれた前記一次コイルとを有するのが好ましい。 In the non-contact charging facility according to the present invention, the power receiving device includes a secondary E core made of a ferrite core, the secondary coil wound around a central magnetic pole portion of the secondary E core, and the resonance coil. A resonance capacitor is connected to the resonance coil, and the power feeding device includes a primary core made of a ferrite core having a plate-like portion and a rod-like portion that protrudes from the center of the plate-like portion, and the rod-like portion. It is preferable to have the primary coil wound around.
以上に記載した本発明に係る非接触充電設備において、前記した第１、第２の光通信部の代わりに、電波や超音波を媒体とする第１、第２の無線通信部とすることもできる。この場合、前記した光信号は、電波や超音波を媒体とした無線信号となり、前記光信号手段は電波や超音波を媒体とした無線信号手段となる（即ち、読み替えることになる）。 In the non-contact charging facility according to the present invention described above, instead of the first and second optical communication units described above, first and second wireless communication units using radio waves and ultrasonic waves as media may be used. it can. In this case, the optical signal described above is a radio signal using radio waves and ultrasonic waves as a medium, and the optical signal means is a radio signal means using radio waves and ultrasonic waves as a medium (that is, read).
本発明に係る非接触充電設備において、制御部（Ｂ）に設けられ、電圧計測手段及び電流計測手段で測定した電池の充電電圧及び充電電流と、温度計で測定した受電装置の作動温度との信号を変換して、第２の無線通信部に送る無線信号処理手段と、制御部（Ａ）に設けられ、第１の無線通信部からの信号を受けて充電電圧及び充電電流を検知し、固定周波数で発振するインバータのＰＷＭ制御を行って、充電電圧が規定電圧より低い場合は、電池への定電流制御を行い、充電電圧が規定電圧となった場合は、電池への定電圧制御を行う充電制御手段とを有するので、二次側の電圧及び電流を見ながら、インバータの出力を制御できる。 In the non-contact charging facility according to the present invention, the charging voltage and charging current of the battery, which are provided in the control unit (B) and measured by the voltage measuring means and the current measuring means, and the operating temperature of the power receiving device measured by the thermometer Radio signal processing means for converting the signal and sending it to the second radio communication unit, and provided in the control unit (A), receiving the signal from the first radio communication unit, detecting the charging voltage and the charging current, PWM control of the inverter that oscillates at a fixed frequency is performed. When the charging voltage is lower than the specified voltage, constant current control to the battery is performed. When the charging voltage reaches the specified voltage, constant voltage control to the battery is performed. Since it has the charge control means to perform, the output of the inverter can be controlled while looking at the voltage and current on the secondary side.
更に、本発明に係る非接触充電設備は、制御部（Ａ）に設けられ、第１の無線通信部からの信号を受けて作動温度が所定温度値を超えた場合に、インバータの動作を停止する第１の保護手段を設けているので、受電側の温度異常を感知して充電動作を止めることができる。 Furthermore, the non-contact charging equipment according to the present invention is provided in the control unit (A) and stops the operation of the inverter when the operating temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature value in response to a signal from the first wireless communication unit. Therefore, the charging operation can be stopped by sensing the temperature abnormality on the power receiving side.
そして、本発明に係る非接触充電設備は、制御部（Ａ）に設けられ、第１の無線通信部からの信号により、充電電流が最大電流値を超えた場合、又は充電電圧が最大電圧値を超えた場合、インバータの動作を停止する第２の保護手段を有しているので、受電側の異常な状態を未然に察知して、給電装置の保護及び受電装置の保護をなし得る。 And the non-contact charging equipment which concerns on this invention is provided in a control part (A), and when a charging current exceeds the maximum current value by the signal from a 1st radio | wireless communication part, or a charging voltage is a maximum voltage value Since the second protection means for stopping the operation of the inverter is provided when exceeding the above, it is possible to detect an abnormal state on the power receiving side and protect the power feeding device and the power receiving device.
また、本発明に係る非接触充電設備は、制御部（Ａ）に設けられ、電池への定電圧制御の完了を確認した後、インバータの動作を停止する第３の保護手段が設けられているので、電池の過充電を防止できると共に、給電装置、受電装置又は外部に充電の完了を知らせることができる。この場合、ランプ又はブザーを起動するのが好ましい。 Further, the non-contact charging facility according to the present invention is provided in the control unit (A), and is provided with third protection means for stopping the operation of the inverter after confirming the completion of the constant voltage control to the battery. Therefore, it is possible to prevent overcharging of the battery and to notify the power feeding device, the power receiving device or the outside of the completion of charging. In this case, it is preferable to activate a lamp or a buzzer.
本発明に係る非接触充電設備において、無線信号処理手段が、電圧計測手段及び電流計測手段並びに温度計でそれぞれ測定したデータをデジタル信号に変換し、変換したデジタルデータを更にシリアル信号に変換して、第２の無線通信部から無線信号として送信し、無線信号を第１の無線通信部で受信して、充電制御手段で復調し、インバータのＰＷＭ制御を行う場合は、信号処理が簡略化し、誤動作が少ない。 In the non-contact charging facility according to the present invention, the wireless signal processing means converts the data measured by the voltage measuring means, the current measuring means and the thermometer into digital signals, and further converts the converted digital data into serial signals. In the case of transmitting as a wireless signal from the second wireless communication unit, receiving the wireless signal by the first wireless communication unit, demodulating by the charging control means, and performing PWM control of the inverter, the signal processing is simplified, There are few malfunctions.
特に、本発明に係る非接触充電設備において、給電装置の制御部（Ａ）、受電装置の制御部（Ｂ）にそれぞれ接続され、かつ対向配置されて光信号の授受を行う第１、第２の光通信部を有する場合は、光（紫外線、可視光線、赤外線、遠赤外線を含む）は指向性を有し、給電装置と受電装置とを、電波に比較して混信の少ない状態で信号連結できる。 In particular, in the non-contact charging facility according to the present invention, the first and second are connected to the control unit (A) of the power feeding device and the control unit (B) of the power receiving device, respectively, and are arranged opposite to each other to exchange optical signals. In the case of having an optical communication unit, light (including ultraviolet rays, visible rays, infrared rays, and far infrared rays) has directivity, and the power supply device and the power reception device are connected to each other with less interference compared to radio waves. it can.
そして、本発明に係る非接触充電設備において、受電装置が、フェライトコア製の二次側Ｅコアと二次側Ｅコアの中央磁極部に巻かれた二次コイルと共振コイルを有し、共振コイルには共振コンデンサが接続され、給電装置が、板状部と板状部の中央に突出して形成された棒状部とを有するフェライトコア製の一次側コアと、棒状部に巻かれた一次コイルとを有する場合は、一次コイルと二次コイルの磁気結合がより強くなって、電力の伝達効率が増加する。更に、二次側Ｅコアの長手方向の平面視した向きが変わってもその他の条件が同じであれば、同一の伝達効率で給電できる。 In the non-contact charging facility according to the present invention, the power receiving device includes a secondary side E core made of a ferrite core and a secondary coil and a resonance coil wound around the central magnetic pole portion of the secondary side E core, A resonance capacitor is connected to the coil, and the power supply device is a ferrite core primary side core having a plate-like portion and a rod-like portion that protrudes from the center of the plate-like portion, and a primary coil wound around the rod-like portion , The magnetic coupling between the primary coil and the secondary coil becomes stronger, and the power transmission efficiency increases. Furthermore, even if the orientation of the secondary E core in the longitudinal direction changes in plan view, power can be supplied with the same transmission efficiency as long as other conditions are the same.
本発明の一実施例に係る非接触充電設備の概略ブロック図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the non-contact charging equipment which concerns on one Example of this invention. 同非接触充電設備の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the non-contact charging equipment. 同非接触充電設備の受電装置を底から見た二次コイル周りの説明図である。It is explanatory drawing around the secondary coil which looked at the power receiving apparatus of the non-contact charging equipment from the bottom. 同非接触充電設備の一次コイル及び二次コイル周りの説明図である。It is explanatory drawing around the primary coil and secondary coil of the non-contact charging equipment. 同非接触充電設備を用いた場合の充電電流と時間との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the charging current at the time of using the non-contact charging equipment, and time.
続いて、添付した図面を参照しつつ、本発明を具体化した実施例につき説明し、本発明の理解に供する。
図１、図２に示すように、本発明の一実施例に係る非接触充電設備１０は、構築物の側壁、床部又は天井部に固定状態で設けられ、インバータ１１を含む高周波電源から電力供給を受ける一次コイル１２を有する給電装置１３と、給電装置１３に対して横移動可能な自動車又は搬送台車に設けられ、一次コイル１２と電磁結合する二次コイル１４及び共振コイル１５を有する受電装置１６とを備え、給電時には、給電装置１３に対して受電装置１６が隙間を有して横移動可能に配置され、給電装置１３の一次コイル１２の直上（又は直下、真横に）二次コイル１４及び共振コイル１５を配置した状態で、給電装置１３から受電装置１６に接続された電池１７に充電する。ここで、横移動可能な隙間とは、固定状態で配置されている一次コイル１２に対して二次コイル１４及び共振コイル１５が自由に横移動できる空間をいう。 Subsequently, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings for understanding of the present invention.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the non-contact charging facility 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided in a fixed state on the side wall, floor, or ceiling of the structure, and is supplied with power from a high-frequency power source including an inverter 11. Power receiving device 13 having primary coil 12 receiving power, and power receiving device 16 having a secondary coil 14 and a resonance coil 15 that are provided in an automobile or a carriage that can move laterally with respect to power feeding device 13 and that are electromagnetically coupled to primary coil 12. When the power is fed, the power receiving device 16 is arranged so as to be laterally movable with a gap with respect to the power feeding device 13, and the secondary coil 14 directly above (or directly below, directly beside) the primary coil 12 of the power feeding device 13 and In a state where the resonance coil 15 is disposed, the battery 17 connected to the power receiving device 16 is charged from the power feeding device 13. Here, the laterally movable gap refers to a space in which the secondary coil 14 and the resonance coil 15 can freely move laterally with respect to the primary coil 12 arranged in a fixed state.
そして、非接触充電設備１０は、給電装置１３の制御部（Ａ）１９、及び受電装置１６の制御部（Ｂ）２０にそれぞれ接続され、かつ対向配置されて光信号（無線信号一例）の授受を行う第１、第２の光通信部（第１、第２の無線通信部の一例）２１、２２を有している。ここで、第１、第２の光通信部２１、２２はそれぞれ図示しない発光部（例えば、ＬＥＤ）と受光部（例えば、フォトダイオード）を有し、給電装置１３から光信号（Ａ）を受電装置１６に、受電装置１６から光信号（Ｂ）を給電装置１３に送るようになっている。 The non-contact charging facility 10 is connected to the control unit (A) 19 of the power supply device 13 and the control unit (B) 20 of the power receiving device 16 and is disposed so as to face and receive optical signals (an example of a radio signal). The first and second optical communication units (an example of the first and second wireless communication units) 21 and 22 are provided. Here, each of the first and second optical communication units 21 and 22 includes a light emitting unit (for example, an LED) and a light receiving unit (for example, a photodiode) (not shown), and receives an optical signal (A) from the power feeding device 13. An optical signal (B) is sent from the power receiving device 16 to the power supply device 13 to the device 16.
制御部（Ｂ）２０には、電圧計測手段２３及び電流計測手段２４で測定した電池１７の充電電圧及び充電電流と、温度計２５で測定した受電装置１６（特に、共振コイル１５）の作動温度との信号を変換して、第２の光通信部２２に送る光信号処理手段（無線信号処理手段の一例）２６が設けられている。 The control unit (B) 20 includes a charging voltage and a charging current of the battery 17 measured by the voltage measuring unit 23 and the current measuring unit 24, and an operating temperature of the power receiving device 16 (particularly, the resonance coil 15) measured by the thermometer 25. And an optical signal processing means (an example of a wireless signal processing means) 26 that converts the signal to be sent to the second optical communication unit 22 is provided.
制御部（Ａ）１９には、第１の光通信部２１からの信号を受けて、含まれる充電電圧及び充電電流の信号を検知し、固定周波数で発振するインバータ１１のＰＷＭ制御を行って、充電電圧が規定電圧（Ｖｃ、図５参照）より低い場合は、電池１７への定電流制御を行い、充電電圧が規定電圧（Ｖｃ）となった場合は、電池１７への定電圧制御を行う充電制御手段２８が設けられている。規定電圧は通常電池の定格電圧の１．１～１．１５倍程度が好ましいが、本発明はこの数字に限定されるものではない。 The control unit (A) 19 receives a signal from the first optical communication unit 21, detects the included charging voltage and charging current signals, performs PWM control of the inverter 11 that oscillates at a fixed frequency, When the charging voltage is lower than the specified voltage (Vc, see FIG. 5), the constant current control to the battery 17 is performed, and when the charging voltage becomes the specified voltage (Vc), the constant voltage control to the battery 17 is performed. Charge control means 28 is provided. The specified voltage is usually preferably about 1.1 to 1.15 times the rated voltage of the battery, but the present invention is not limited to this number.
ここで、光信号処理手段２６は、電圧計測手段２３及び電流計測手段２４並びに温度計２５でそれぞれ測定したデータをアナログ信号からデジタル信号に変換し、変換したデジタルデータを更にシリアル信号に変換して、第２の光通信部２２から光信号として送信し、光信号を第１の光通信部２１で受信して、充電制御手段２８で復調し、充電制御手段２８で電圧、電流及び温度の信号を記憶し、この電圧及び電流を用いてインバータ（高周波電源）１１のＰＷＭ制御を行う。
ここで、インバータ１１の電源は商用電源（例えば、三相交流）３０を整流回路３１で直流に変換することによって得る。 Here, the optical signal processing means 26 converts the data measured by the voltage measuring means 23, the current measuring means 24 and the thermometer 25 from an analog signal to a digital signal, and further converts the converted digital data into a serial signal. The optical signal is transmitted from the second optical communication unit 22, the optical signal is received by the first optical communication unit 21, demodulated by the charge control unit 28, and voltage, current, and temperature signals are received by the charge control unit 28. , And PWM control of the inverter (high frequency power supply) 11 is performed using the voltage and current.
Here, the power source of the inverter 11 is obtained by converting a commercial power source (for example, three-phase alternating current) 30 into direct current by a rectifier circuit 31.
また、制御部（Ａ）１９は、第１の光通信部２１からの信号を受けて作動温度が所定温度値（Ｔｃ）を超えた場合に、充電制御手段２８を介してインバータ１１の動作を停止する第１の保護手段３３を有している。 Further, the control unit (A) 19 receives the signal from the first optical communication unit 21 and operates the inverter 11 via the charge control means 28 when the operating temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature value (Tc). It has the 1st protection means 33 to stop.
そして、制御部（Ａ）１９には、第１の光通信部２１からの信号により、充電電流が最大電流値（Ｉｍａｘ）を超えた場合、又は充電電圧が最大電圧値（Ｖｍａｘ）を超えた場合、充電制御手段２８を介してインバータ１１の動作を停止する第２の保護手段３４が設けられている。なお、充電電流が最小電流値（Ｉｍｉｎ）未満の場合、又は充電電圧が最小電圧値（Ｖｍｉｎ）未満の場合、充電制御手段２８から警報を発することもできる。 Then, in the control unit (A) 19, when the charging current exceeds the maximum current value (Imax) or the charging voltage exceeds the maximum voltage value (Vmax) by the signal from the first optical communication unit 21 In this case, second protection means 34 for stopping the operation of the inverter 11 via the charge control means 28 is provided. When the charging current is less than the minimum current value (Imin), or when the charging voltage is less than the minimum voltage value (Vmin), an alarm can be issued from the charging control means 28.
制御部（Ａ）１９には、電池１７への定電圧制御の完了を確認した後、直ちに又は一定時間（タイマーでカウント）を経過すると、インバータ１１の動作を充電制御手段２８を介して停止する第３の保護手段３５が設けられている。この第３の保護手段３５は、ランプ出力を有すると共に、電波、超音波、光による無線信号、又は接点信号を有して、受電装置１６を有している搬送台車の一例である自動運搬車（ＡＧＶ）又は自動車が充電を完了したことを検知し、発進させることが可能となる。 After confirming the completion of constant voltage control to the battery 17, the control unit (A) 19 stops the operation of the inverter 11 via the charge control means 28 immediately or when a certain time (counted by a timer) elapses. A third protection means 35 is provided. This third protection means 35 has a lamp output, and has an electric wave, an ultrasonic wave, a radio signal by light, or a contact signal, and is an automatic transport vehicle that is an example of a transport carriage having the power receiving device 16. (AGV) or the completion of charging of the automobile can be detected and started.
共振コイル１５には共振用のコンデンサ３７が接続され、二次コイル１５の出力は整流器３９を介して負荷である電池１７に接続されている。なお、図２に示す非接触充電設備１０は実験用であるので、一次側に三相交流用の電圧計４０及び電流計４１、インバータ１１の出力電圧及び出力電流をそれぞれ測定する高周波電圧計４２及び高周波電流計４３を有している。
また、受電装置１６には、電池１７の充電電圧を測定する直流電圧計４４、電池１７の充電電流を測定する直流電流計４５が設けられている。 A resonance capacitor 37 is connected to the resonance coil 15, and the output of the secondary coil 15 is connected to a battery 17 as a load via a rectifier 39. 2 is used for experiments, a three-phase AC voltmeter 40 and ammeter 41 on the primary side, and a high-frequency voltmeter 42 that measures the output voltage and output current of the inverter 11, respectively. And a high-frequency ammeter 43.
Further, the power receiving device 16 is provided with a DC voltmeter 44 that measures the charging voltage of the battery 17 and a DC ammeter 45 that measures the charging current of the battery 17.
インバータ１１の動作周波数は、可聴周波数を超える２０～１００ｋＨｚ程度が好ましいが、この実施例では２０ｋＨｚに固定している。共振コイル１５とコンデンサ３７との組み合わせによる共振周波数において過大な電流が流れるので、次式で表されるＩ（共振電流）が、共振コイル１５に使用される許容電流以下となるように、ω（＝２πｆ）を決める。 The operating frequency of the inverter 11 is preferably about 20 to 100 kHz exceeding the audible frequency, but in this embodiment, it is fixed at 20 kHz. Since an excessive current flows at the resonance frequency due to the combination of the resonance coil 15 and the capacitor 37, ω ((resonance current) expressed by the following equation is equal to or less than an allowable current used for the resonance coil 15. = 2πf).
Ｉ＝Ｖ／｛（Ｒ2＋（ωＬ－１／ωＣ）2｝0.5
但し、Ｒは回路抵抗、Ｌは共振コイル１５のインダクタンス、Ｃは共振コンデンサのキャパシタンス、ｆは周波数を示す。
具体的には、実際に測定して、例えば共振電流を電池１７の充電電流の０．５～１倍とするのがよい。共振回路の共振周波数は、インバータ１１の発振周波数より大きいのが好ましいが、小さくすることもできる。 I = V / {(R 2 + (ωL−1 / ωC) 2 } 0.5
However, R is a circuit resistance, L is the inductance of the resonance coil 15, C is the capacitance of the resonance capacitor, and f is the frequency.
Specifically, it is preferable to actually measure, for example, to set the resonance current to 0.5 to 1 times the charging current of the battery 17. The resonance frequency of the resonance circuit is preferably larger than the oscillation frequency of the inverter 11, but can be reduced.
次に、この非接触充電設備１０に使用する一次コイル１２周りと、二次コイル１４及び共振コイル１５周りについて、具体例を図３、図４を参照しながら説明する。
給電装置１３において、一次コイル１２が巻かれている一次側コア４６は、図４に示すように、円形又は角部が丸くなった角形形状の平面部（板状部の一例）４７と、平面部４７の中央にある円柱状（半径ｒ）の直立磁極部（棒状部の一例）４８とを有し、材質はフェライトコアからなっている。直立磁極部４８は一次コイル１２の磁束が飽和しない断面積を有し、平面部４７の厚みｇは、０．５ｒ～ｒとなって磁気飽和しないようになっている。なお、一次コイル１２にはリッツ線が使用され、直立磁極部４８に１０～３０ターン程度巻かれている。直立磁極部４８と平面部４７とは継ぎ目無しの一体構造であるのが好ましいが、分割した構造からなり接着剤等で接合されるものであってもよい。この場合、接着剤としては磁性粉入りのものを使用するのがよい。 Next, a specific example of the periphery of the primary coil 12 and the periphery of the secondary coil 14 and the resonance coil 15 used in the non-contact charging facility 10 will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the power feeding device 13, the primary core 46 around which the primary coil 12 is wound includes a flat part (an example of a plate-like part) 47 having a circular shape or a rounded corner part, and a flat surface as shown in FIG. 4. It has a columnar (radius r) upright magnetic pole part (an example of a rod-like part) 48 in the center of the part 47, and is made of a ferrite core. The upright magnetic pole portion 48 has a cross-sectional area in which the magnetic flux of the primary coil 12 is not saturated, and the thickness g of the flat portion 47 is 0.5r to r so as not to be magnetically saturated. Note that a litz wire is used for the primary coil 12 and is wound around the upright magnetic pole portion 48 by about 10 to 30 turns. The upright magnetic pole portion 48 and the flat surface portion 47 are preferably integrated with no joint, but may be formed of a divided structure and bonded with an adhesive or the like. In this case, an adhesive containing magnetic powder is preferably used.
受電装置１６には図３、図４に示すフェライトコア材を用いた二次側Ｅコア４９が使用され、Ｅコア４９の中央磁極部５０に二次コイル１４及び共振コイル１５が巻かれている。共振コイル１５は例えば１０～５０ターン程度巻かれ、二次コイル１４は例えば５～２０ターン程度となっている。このＥコア４９の断面積も十分に大きく、二次コイル１４及び共振コイル１５に流れる電流で磁気飽和しないようになっている。 A secondary E core 49 using the ferrite core material shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is used for the power receiving device 16, and the secondary coil 14 and the resonance coil 15 are wound around the central magnetic pole portion 50 of the E core 49. . The resonance coil 15 is wound about 10 to 50 turns, for example, and the secondary coil 14 is about 5 to 20 turns, for example. The cross-sectional area of the E core 49 is also sufficiently large so as not to be magnetically saturated by the current flowing through the secondary coil 14 and the resonance coil 15.
一次側コア４６の平面部４７の最大直径ｄは、二次側コア、即ちＥコア４９の平面視した最大直径及び二次コイル１４及び共振コイル１５の平面視した最大直径の、例えば、１倍を超え１．６倍以下の範囲で大きく、一次側コア４６とＥコア４９の磁気的結合度を増すと共に、一次側コア４６の背面側に逃げる漏洩磁束を少なくしている。更に、二次側にＥコア４９を一次側コア４６の平面部４７で覆うように使用しているので、Ｅコア４９の軸心と、一次側コア４６の軸心を略合わせることによって、Ｅコア４９の平面的向きに関係なく、一次側から二次側への効率の良い非接触給電が可能となる。なお、図４において、５１は非磁性及び絶縁体からなり、一次コイル１２の全部を覆うカバー材である。 The maximum diameter d of the planar portion 47 of the primary side core 46 is, for example, one time the maximum diameter in plan view of the secondary side core, that is, the E core 49 and the maximum diameter in plan view of the secondary coil 14 and the resonance coil 15. Exceeding 1.6 times and not more than 1.6 times, the magnetic coupling degree between the primary core 46 and the E core 49 is increased, and the leakage magnetic flux escaping to the back side of the primary core 46 is reduced. Further, since the E core 49 is used so as to be covered with the flat portion 47 of the primary side core 46 on the secondary side, the E core 49 and the primary side core 46 are approximately aligned with each other by substantially aligning the E core 49 with the E axis 49. Regardless of the planar orientation of the core 49, efficient non-contact power feeding from the primary side to the secondary side is possible. In FIG. 4, 51 is a cover material that is made of a non-magnetic material and an insulator and covers the entire primary coil 12.
続いて、この非接触充電設備１０の動作について説明する。
図１、図２に示すように、給電装置１３を所定位置に配置し、受電装置１６を有する搬送台車（例えば、ＡＧＶ）を所定位置に配置する。この場合、給電装置１３は、構築物の天井部、側壁、又は床部に配置し、受電装置１６は給電装置１３に少しの隙間を有して、受電装置１６に対して給電装置１３が横移動可能に対向配置されるのがよい。
搬送台車が所定の位置に停止したことをセンサで検知すると、給電装置１３及び受電装置１６が作動し、初期状態となる。 Then, operation | movement of this non-contact charging equipment 10 is demonstrated.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the power feeding device 13 is disposed at a predetermined position, and a transport carriage (for example, AGV) having the power receiving device 16 is disposed at a predetermined position. In this case, the power feeding device 13 is arranged on the ceiling, side wall, or floor of the structure, and the power receiving device 16 has a slight gap in the power feeding device 13 so that the power feeding device 13 moves laterally with respect to the power receiving device 16. It is preferable that they are arranged so as to face each other.
When the sensor detects that the transport carriage has stopped at a predetermined position, the power feeding device 13 and the power receiving device 16 are activated to enter an initial state.
次に、電池１７の充電電圧と充電電流が、電圧計測手段２３と電流計測手段２４で計測され、温度計２５の出力と共に、光信号処理手段２６を介して第２の光通信部２２から光信号として外部に放出される。放出された光信号は第１の光通信部２１で受信し、充電制御手段２８によって、電流、電圧、温度の信号に復調される。 Next, the charging voltage and charging current of the battery 17 are measured by the voltage measuring unit 23 and the current measuring unit 24, and the light from the second optical communication unit 22 is output via the optical signal processing unit 26 together with the output of the thermometer 25. It is emitted to the outside as a signal. The emitted optical signal is received by the first optical communication unit 21 and demodulated into a signal of current, voltage, and temperature by the charging control means 28.
図５に示すように、電圧計測手段２３によって検出された電圧（充電電圧Ｖ）が規定電圧（Ｖｃ）より低い場合は、電池１７への定電流制御（ＣＣ領域）を行い、電池１７の電圧が規定電圧となった場合は、電池１７への定電圧制御（ＣＶ領域）を行う。なお、規定電圧としては電池１７の定格電圧（Ｖｓ）より少しの範囲（例えば、５～１５％）で高い範囲とするのが好ましい。 As shown in FIG. 5, when the voltage (charge voltage V) detected by the voltage measuring means 23 is lower than the specified voltage (Vc), constant current control (CC region) is performed on the battery 17 to When the voltage reaches the specified voltage, constant voltage control (CV region) is performed on the battery 17. The specified voltage is preferably set to a high range within a little range (for example, 5 to 15%) of the rated voltage (Vs) of the battery 17.
この仕上げ充電（ＣＶ領域）が完了した後、所定時間約１０分（０～２０分が好ましい）を経過すると、充電完了の信号を受電装置１６から給電装置１３に光通信を用いて送り、充電作業が完了する。なお、ここで、定電流制御を行った後、タイマーを作動させて（即ち、タイマー制御により）定電圧（充電）制御を行って充電制御を完了してもよい。
なお、電池１７への充電電圧又は充電電流が平常値から外れて異常状態にある場合は、給電装置１３が停止し、警報（ランプ、ベル、その他の信号）を発する。 After a predetermined time of about 10 minutes (preferably 0 to 20 minutes) has elapsed after completion of the finish charging (CV region), a charging completion signal is sent from the power receiving device 16 to the power feeding device 13 using optical communication, and charging is performed. The work is complete. Here, after performing the constant current control, the charging control may be completed by operating the timer (that is, by the timer control) to perform the constant voltage (charging) control.
In addition, when the charging voltage or charging current to the battery 17 is out of the normal value and is in an abnormal state, the power feeding device 13 is stopped and an alarm (lamp, bell, other signal) is issued.
なお、以上の発明において、磁気材料としてフェライトコアを用いたが、高周波特性がよく鉄損が少ない材料であれば、他の素材を使用することもできる。
また、本発明は以上の実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を変更しない程度の改良や、構成要素を追加する場合も本発明は適用される。例えば、前記実施例においては、信号の媒体手段として、光を用いたが、電波や超音波であっても適用可能である。 In the above invention, the ferrite core is used as the magnetic material, but other materials can be used as long as the material has good high frequency characteristics and low iron loss.
Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the present invention is also applied to an improvement or a component added to the extent that the gist of the present invention is not changed. For example, in the above-described embodiment, light is used as the signal medium means, but it is also applicable to radio waves and ultrasonic waves.
本発明に係る非接触充電設備は、受電側の電圧、電流、温度の状態を検知して、無線で給電側に伝え、受電側の電圧、電流を制御しているので、受電側の装置が簡略化して軽量化が図れ、結果として省エネとなる。 The non-contact charging facility according to the present invention detects the voltage, current, and temperature states on the power receiving side, and wirelessly communicates them to the power feeding side to control the voltage and current on the power receiving side. It can be simplified and lightened, resulting in energy savings.
１０：非接触充電設備、１１：インバータ、１２：一次コイル、１３：給電装置、１４：二次コイル、１５：共振コイル、１６：受電装置、１７：電池、１９：制御部（Ａ）、２０：制御部（Ｂ）、２１：第１の光通信部、２２：第２の光通信部、２３：電圧計測手段、２４：電流計測手段、２５：温度計、２６：光信号処理手段、２８：充電制御手段、３０：商用電源、３１：整流回路、３３：第１の保護手段、３４：第２の保護手段、３５：第３の保護手段、３７：コンデンサ、３９：整流器、４０：電圧計、４１：電流計、４２：高周波電圧計、４３：高周波電流計、４４：直流電圧計、４５：直流電流計、４６：一次側コア、４７：平面部、４８：直立磁極部、４９：Ｅコア、５０：中央磁極部、５１：カバー材 10: Non-contact charging equipment, 11: Inverter, 12: Primary coil, 13: Power feeding device, 14: Secondary coil, 15: Resonant coil, 16: Power receiving device, 17: Battery, 19: Control unit (A), 20 Control unit (B), 21: first optical communication unit, 22: second optical communication unit, 23: voltage measurement unit, 24: current measurement unit, 25: thermometer, 26: optical signal processing unit, 28 : Charging control means, 30: commercial power supply, 31: rectifier circuit, 33: first protection means, 34: second protection means, 35: third protection means, 37: capacitor, 39: rectifier, 40: voltage 41: ammeter, 42: high frequency voltmeter, 43: high frequency ammeter, 44: direct current voltmeter, 45: direct current ammeter, 46: primary core, 47: plane portion, 48: upright magnetic pole portion, 49: E Core, 50: central magnetic pole part, 51: cover material

Claims (7)

  1. 構築物の側壁、床部又は天井部に固定状態で設けられ、インバータを含む高周波電源から電力供給を受ける一次コイルを有する給電装置と、自動車又は搬送台車に設けられ、前記給電装置に対して隙間を有して横移動可能に配置され、前記一次コイルと電磁結合する二次コイル及び共振コイルを有する受電装置とを備え、給電時には前記給電装置から前記受電装置に接続された電池に充電する非接触充電設備において、
    １）前記給電装置の制御部（Ａ）、前記受電装置の制御部（Ｂ）にそれぞれ接続され、かつ対向配置されて無線信号の授受を行う第１、第２の無線通信部と、
    ２）前記制御部（Ｂ）に設けられ、電圧計測手段で測定した前記電池の充電電圧、電流計測手段で測定した前記電池の充電電流、及び温度計で測定した前記受電装置の作動温度の信号をそれぞれ変換して、前記第２の無線通信部に送る無線信号処理手段と、
    ３）前記制御部（Ａ）に設けられ、前記第１の無線通信部からの信号を受けて前記充電電圧及び前記充電電流を検知し、固定周波数で発振する前記インバータのＰＷＭ制御を行って、前記充電電圧が規定電圧より低い場合は、前記電池への定電流制御を行い、前記充電電圧が前記規定電圧となった場合は、前記電池への定電圧制御を行う充電制御手段と、
    ４）前記制御部（Ａ）に設けられ、前記第１の無線通信部からの信号を受けて前記作動温度が所定温度値を超えた場合には、前記インバータの動作を停止する第１の保護手段と、
    ５）前記制御部（Ａ）に設けられ、前記第１の無線通信部からの信号により、前記充電電流が最大電流値を超えた場合、又は前記充電電圧が最大電圧値を超えた場合、前記インバータの動作を停止する第２の保護手段と、
    ６）前記制御部（Ａ）に設けられ、前記電池への定電圧制御の完了を確認して、前記インバータの動作を停止する第３の保護手段が設けられていることを特徴とする非接触充電設備。     A power supply device provided in a fixed state on the side wall, floor or ceiling of the structure and having a primary coil that receives power supply from a high-frequency power source including an inverter, and provided in an automobile or a transport carriage, with a gap with respect to the power supply device And a power receiving device having a secondary coil and a resonance coil that are electromagnetically coupled to the primary coil, and is charged in a non-contact manner to charge a battery connected to the power receiving device from the power feeding device. In the charging facility,
    1) First and second wireless communication units that are connected to the control unit (A) of the power feeding device and the control unit (B) of the power receiving device, respectively, and are arranged to face each other and transmit and receive radio signals;
    2) A signal of a charging voltage of the battery measured by the voltage measuring unit, a charging current of the battery measured by the current measuring unit, and an operating temperature of the power receiving device measured by a thermometer provided in the control unit (B) Respectively, and a wireless signal processing means for sending to the second wireless communication unit,
    3) Provided in the control unit (A), receives the signal from the first wireless communication unit, detects the charging voltage and the charging current, performs PWM control of the inverter that oscillates at a fixed frequency, When the charging voltage is lower than a specified voltage, a constant current control to the battery is performed, and when the charging voltage becomes the specified voltage, a charging control means for performing a constant voltage control to the battery;
    4) A first protection provided in the control unit (A) for stopping the operation of the inverter when the operating temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature value in response to a signal from the first wireless communication unit. Means,
    5) provided in the control unit (A), when the charging current exceeds a maximum current value or when the charging voltage exceeds a maximum voltage value by a signal from the first wireless communication unit, A second protective means for stopping the operation of the inverter;
    6) Non-contact, provided in the control unit (A), is provided with third protection means for confirming completion of constant voltage control to the battery and stopping the operation of the inverter. Charging equipment.
  2. 請求項１記載の非接触充電設備において、前記定電圧制御はタイマー制御によって行われ、該タイマーのカウントアップによって前記第３の保護手段を作動させることを特徴とする非接触充電設備。 2. The non-contact charging equipment according to claim 1, wherein the constant voltage control is performed by timer control, and the third protection means is operated by counting up the timer.
  3. 請求項１又は２記載の非接触充電設備において、前記無線信号処理手段は、前記電圧計測手段及び前記電流計測手段並びに前記温度計でそれぞれ測定したデータをデジタル信号に変換し、変換したデジタルデータを更にシリアル信号に変換して、前記第２の無線通信部から無線信号として送信し、該無線信号を前記第１の無線通信部で受信して、前記充電制御手段で復調し、該充電制御手段で前記インバータのＰＷＭ制御を行うことを特徴とする非接触充電設備。 3. The non-contact charging equipment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wireless signal processing means converts data measured by the voltage measuring means, the current measuring means and the thermometer into digital signals, and converts the converted digital data. Further, it is converted into a serial signal, transmitted as a radio signal from the second radio communication unit, the radio signal is received by the first radio communication unit, demodulated by the charge control unit, and the charge control unit A non-contact charging facility for performing PWM control of the inverter.
  4. 請求項１～３のいずれか１項に記載の非接触充電設備において、前記第１、第２の無線通信部はそれぞれ第１、第２の光通信部であることを特徴とする非接触充電設備。 The non-contact charging facility according to claim 1, wherein the first and second wireless communication units are first and second optical communication units, respectively. Facility.
  5. 請求項１～３のいずれか１項に記載の非接触充電設備において、前記第１、第２の無線通信部はそれぞれ第１、第２の電波通信部又は第１、第２の超音波通信部であることを特徴とする非接触充電設備。 4. The non-contact charging facility according to claim 1, wherein the first and second wireless communication units are the first and second radio wave communication units or the first and second ultrasonic communication units, respectively. Non-contact charging equipment characterized by being a part.
  6. 請求項１～５のいずれか１項に記載の非接触充電設備において、前記受電装置は、フェライトコア製の二次側Ｅコアと該二次側Ｅコアの中央磁極部に巻かれた前記二次コイルと前記共振コイルを有し、該共振コイルには共振コンデンサが接続され、前記給電装置は、板状部と該板状部の中央に突出して形成された棒状部とを有するフェライトコア製の一次側コアと、前記棒状部に巻かれた前記一次コイルとを有することを特徴とする非接触充電設備。 The contactless charging facility according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the power receiving device includes a secondary side E core made of a ferrite core and a second magnetic pole wound around a central magnetic pole portion of the secondary side E core. And a resonance capacitor connected to the resonance coil, and the power feeding device is made of a ferrite core having a plate-like portion and a rod-like portion that protrudes from the center of the plate-like portion. A non-contact charging facility comprising: a primary core of the first coil; and the primary coil wound around the rod-shaped portion.
  7. 請求項１～６のいずれか１項に記載の非接触充電設備において、前記温度計は前記共振コイルの温度を測定することを特徴とする非接触充電設備。 7. The non-contact charging facility according to claim 1, wherein the thermometer measures the temperature of the resonance coil.
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