WO2016167816A1 - Dynamic wind turbine energy storage device - Google Patents

Dynamic wind turbine energy storage device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016167816A1
WO2016167816A1 PCT/US2015/027043 US2015027043W WO2016167816A1 WO 2016167816 A1 WO2016167816 A1 WO 2016167816A1 US 2015027043 W US2015027043 W US 2015027043W WO 2016167816 A1 WO2016167816 A1 WO 2016167816A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
wind turbine
supplemental
generator
turbine device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2015/027043
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert J. Nelson
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Siemens Energy, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Siemens Energy, Inc. filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to PCT/US2015/027043 priority Critical patent/WO2016167816A1/en
Publication of WO2016167816A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016167816A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to energy power storage in wind turbine devices.
  • Wind power is generally proportional to the cube of the wind speed in the range of 5-10 meters/sec, so even a slight reduction in wind speed can cause a significant decline in the wind power over a short period of time.
  • BESS battery energy storage systems
  • U.S. Patent 5,225,712 describes the use of an energy storage device with a single variable speed wind turbine in order to reduce power fluctuations due to wind speed variation.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a full-converter wind turbine device with a dynamic wind turbine energy storage device
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a wind turbine energy storage device for a wind turbine device with a plurality of power modules
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a wind turbine device with a dynamic wind turbine energy storage device for a doubly-fed asynchronous generator.
  • the energy storage device typically a battery
  • the DC bus between the rectifier and inverter that are used to convert variable frequency AC power to fixed frequency AC power.
  • Some systems interface an energy storage system to a direct current (DC) bus between a rectifier and inverter of power conversion circuitry.
  • DC direct current
  • the inventor has also determined that interfacing the energy storage system to a DC bus of the power conversion circuitry sacrifices reactive power capability from the wind turbine generator (WTG) by displacing reactive power with active power.
  • WTG wind turbine generator
  • the DC bus extends the distance from the nacelle of the wind turbine device to the base of the tower. This distance can be about 100 meters or 300 feet which can be problematic for interfacing an energy storage system.
  • the DC bus may be in the nacelle, but the batteries may be located at ground level for maintenance.
  • wind turbines can be forced to shut down based on the wind speed conditions. For example, during low wind speed conditions (i.e., less three (3) meters/sec.) or high wind speed conditions (i.e., 25 meters/sec), the wind turbine is taken off-line or shut down.
  • the operated systems i.e., electrical grid
  • the energy storage interfaced through circuitry of wind turbine may not be available to provide alternating current (AC) power for ancillary services such as voltage regulation and/or frequency regulation when the wind turbine is off-line, such as for adverse wind conditions.
  • Adverse wind conditions may include, but are not limited to low wind speed conditions, high wind speed conditions, and turbulent wind conditions.
  • the full- converter wind turbine device 100 comprises rotary blades 102 coupled to a gear box 104.
  • the gear box 104 is coupled to a wind turbine generator 108 via a driving shaft 106 to generate electricity at a variable AC frequency responsive to wind speed.
  • Other embodiments may utilize a direct drive generator without a gear box.
  • the wind turbine generator 1 08 may be one of an asynchronous generator and synchronous generator.
  • asynchronous generators may include squirrel-cage induction generators and wound-rotor induction generators.
  • Synchronous generators may include permanent magnet synchronous generators and field-wound synchronous generators.
  • the variable frequency AC electricity from the wind turbine generator 108 is communicated to at least one power module 1 10 for converting the electricity to a fixed frequency AC power suitable for supplying an electrical grid.
  • a transformer 1 12 is coupled to a power line 1 16 between the output of the at least one power module 1 10 and the electrical grid.
  • the transformer converts a first AC power voltage (e.g., 690 V A c) to a second AC power voltage (e.g. , 34.5 KV A c) as required by the grid.
  • the input to the at least one power module 1 10 may vary based on the output of the generator 108.
  • the at least one power module 1 10 comprises a rectifier 124 connected to the wind turbine generator 108 for converting the electricity (active AC power) of the generator 108 to DC power.
  • the rectifier 124 may also supply magnetizing current to the generator 108, if required by the generator (e.g., for asynchronous generators), as is understood by those familiar with the art.
  • the rectifier 124 can send magnetizing current to generator 108 and convert active AC power to DC power.
  • the output of the rectifier 124 is coupled to a DC bus 126 with a bus capacitor 127 for transiently storing the DC power.
  • the output of the DC bus 126 is connected to an inverter 128.
  • the inverter 128 is configured to convert the DC power of the DC bus 126 to a first AC power voltage at the predetermined power factor for an electrical grid.
  • the power supplied by the power module 1 10 may be at system frequency (e.g., 60 Hz or 50 Hz, typically).
  • the at least one power module 1 10 further comprises at least one controller 130 for controlling the rectifier 124 and the inverter 128.
  • the operation of a power module for wind turbines are known in the art. Thus, no further discussion will be provided.
  • the at least one power module 1 10 may be described as including a generator-side power converter and a line-side power converter.
  • the generator-side power converter rectifies (i.e., rectifier 124) the incoming variable AC power to DC power.
  • the line-side convertor inverts i.e., inverter the DC power to fixed frequency AC power (at 60 Hz or 50 Hz, typically).
  • the output of the at least one power module 1 10 may be coupled to a circuit breaker 1 14 with the circuit breaker 1 14 coupled in series with the at least one power module 1 10 and the transformer 1 12.
  • the circuit breaker (CB) 1 14 may be used to shut down the wind turbine device 100 during adverse wind conditions such as during low wind speed conditions (i.e., less three (3) meters/sec), high wind speed conditions (i.e., 25 meters/sec), or turbulent wind conditions or for system faults and maintenance. In adverse wind conditions, the wind turbine device 100 is taken off-line or shut down until the wind conditions improve. Also, the wind turbine device 100 may be shut down for reasons other than adverse wind conditions such as, by way of non-limiting example, for maintenance and repairs. Likewise, the circuit breaker 1 14 may be used to take the wind turbine device 100 off-line while maintenance and repairs take place.
  • the wind turbine device 100 may further comprise a dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 shown connected between an output of the circuit breaker (CB) 1 14 and an input to the transformer 1 12.
  • a dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 shown connected between an output of the circuit breaker (CB) 1 14 and an input to the transformer 1 12.
  • the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 is still able to deliver supplemental AC voltages to the power line 1 16 upstream of the transformer 1 12 at a location after the circuit breaker 1 14, the supplemental AC voltages being for one or more of: AC power, voltage regulation and frequency regulation.
  • the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 includes an energy storage device 155 coupled to supplemental power converter 157.
  • the supplemental power converter 157 may comprise an energy storage inverter 160 and controller 165.
  • the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 is configured to be continuously operational even when the wind turbine device 100 is shut down or off-line.
  • the energy storage device 155 may be a battery storage device which stores DC power in a battery.
  • the energy storage device 155 may include inductive elements (e.g., superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)) and/or capacitive elements (e.g., energy storage capacitors).
  • the energy storage device may include a conventional battery such as a lead-acid battery, an electrochemical device such as a fuel cell, superconducting magnets, or an energy storage capacitor.
  • the energy storage device 155 may be re-chargeable.
  • the energy storage device 155 may include photovoltaics or solar cells.
  • the energy storage inverter 160 serves as an energy storage interface for converting the stored DC power of the energy storage device 155 to AC power, hereinafter referred to as a supplemental AC power.
  • the supplemental AC power (or referred to as supplemental AC voltage) is selectively injected on the power line 1 16 for input to the transformer 1 12.
  • the supplemental AC voltage from the supplemental power converter 157 via energy storage inverter 160 is injected upstream of any transformers to the electrical grid.
  • the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 further includes a switch 170.
  • the switch 170 selectively interconnects the energy source device 155 to the power line 1 16 via the energy storage inverter 160 in response to a predetermined power factor or demand.
  • the switch 170 may be an electronic switch, circuit breaker, semiconductor device, or other controllable switching device.
  • the switch 170 may receive a control signal from the supplement power converter 157 to selectively connect the output from the supplemental power converter 157 to the power line 1 16.
  • the energy storage device 155 is configured to produce a supply of stored DC power as input into the energy storage inverter 160 of the supplemental power converter 157.
  • the supplement power converter 157 via the energy storage inverter 160 is configured to produce a supplemental AC power to meet one of: the
  • the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 may be configured to be on-line essentially continuously.
  • Voltage regulation does not inherently require supplying active power, but converters (e.g., power converters or power module) have losses, so if a converter is required to regulate voltage while the wind turbine is not producing active power, active power must be drawn from the system, incurring energy and demand charges, or from the energy storage device 155.
  • converters e.g., power converters or power module
  • supplemental power converter 157 is configured to produce real AC power from the stored DC power in response to a control signal from controller 165.
  • the controller 165 may receive a control signal from one or more controllers 130 of power module 1 10 in order for the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 to provide supplemental active current to meet the predetermined power required of the wind turbine device 100.
  • the controller 165 controls the energy storage inverter 160 of the supplemental power converter 157 to supply supplemental power as a function of power regulation or frequency regulation when the wind turbine device 100 is off-line.
  • the wind turbine device 100 is configured to produce a
  • predetermined real power output A specific value for the predetermined real power may be required by the system operator.
  • Power factor is the ratio of real power to apparent power.
  • Apparent power is the sum of real and reactive currents (which add
  • Energy storage provides active power.
  • the converter e.g., power converter or power module
  • the converter can supply reactive power without energy storage, but should receive enough active power to provide for losses (mostly resistive heating and associated cooling of the heat).
  • the transformer 1 12 may or may not be part of the wind turbine device 100.
  • the transformer 1 12 is configured to receive the AC power at a first voltage (e.g., 690 V A c) and converting it to a second voltage (e.g., 3.4KV A c) for supply to an electrical grid, wherein the supplemental AC voltage via the switch 170 is essentially zero.
  • a first voltage e.g., 690 V A c
  • a second voltage e.g., 3.4KV A c
  • the transformer 1 12 may receive a power signal which includes the first voltage at an amount which is different from the predetermined power factor or demand and includes the supplemental AC current from the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150.
  • the output voltages from inverters 128 and 160 may be compatible for interface to the grid, since the inverters are to be in parallel.
  • the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 provides the supplemental AC current at a common voltage.
  • the output voltages from the supplemental power converter 157 and the line-side power converter of the at least one power module 1 10 may be compatible so that a compatible voltage is sent to the transformer 1 12 and then to the grid.
  • the power signal would be converted by the transformer 1 12 to the second voltage for supply to the electrical grid.
  • the first voltage (AC power) being the actual voltage produced by the wind via the wind turbine device at the output of the at least one power module 1 10.
  • the supplemental AC current may be a function of or difference in the amount of AC power of the actual first voltage and the first voltage (design criteria) to meet the predetermined demand.
  • the function or difference may be a function of at least one of: apparent AC power, reactive AC power, real AC power and frequency.
  • the transformer 1 12 may receive only the AC voltage from the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150.
  • the magnitude and phase angle of AC voltage produced by the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 is a function of the capacity of the energy storage inverter 1 60 and is not limited by the rotary side or wind turbine power module circuitry.
  • the present invention advantageously overcomes several limitations identified by the inventor with prior art devices such as described in the aforementioned U.S. patent 5,225,712.
  • the prior art system provides stored energy through the inverter associated with the wind turbine generator.
  • the present invention provides stored energy through an inverter 160 that can be controlled separately from the power module 1 10 of the wind turbine generator 108. This provides additional capability and flexibility for the operator of the wind turbine device in controlling frequency, voltage, real power, reactive power and power factor when compared to the prior art system.
  • a typical wind turbine device as supplied by the assignee of the present invention includes the power module 1 10 within the nacelle, which is located on top of a tower and may be 100 meters or more from the ground surface. There is little or no room in the nacelle for energy storage batteries or equipment, so these are typically located in a building separate from the wind turbine at ground level.
  • the prior art system therefore requires a DC bus to be installed between the energy storage building to the nacelle.
  • the present invention avoids this requirement and allows for convenient interconnection of the energy storage switch 170 and the power line 1 16 at ground level.
  • certain standard designs of modular power converters are used in commercially available wind turbines such as provided by the assignee of the present invention.
  • the modular power converters include multiple sets of rectifiers/inverters that may be selectively connected or left unconnected to the wind turbine generator depending upon the specific design parameters for a particular wind turbine application. In this manner, one modular power converter unit is used for a plurality of wind turbine models. For wind turbines where at least one module of the power converter is unused or under-utilized, it is possible to utilize that inverter as the inverter for the dynamic energy storage device.
  • FIG. 2 a block diagram of a wind turbine energy storage device 250 for a wind turbine device with a plurality of power modules 210 1 , 210 2 ... 210 X .
  • the at least one power module comprises a plurality of power modules 210 1 , 210 2 ...
  • Each power module configured for selective connection to a wind turbine generator (WTG) 108 (FIG. 1 ) to achieve a respective selected power factor, each power module comprising a rectifier 224, DC bus 226 and an inverter 228.
  • Each power module may further include one or more controllers 230 to produce AC power at the respective selected power factor.
  • the output of the plurality of power modules 210 1 , 210 2 ... 210 x is couple to circuit breaker 214 which is in turn coupled to an input of transformer 212.
  • the transformer 212 converts the output (first voltage) of the plurality of power modules 210 1 , 210 2 ... 210 x to a second voltage for the electrical grid.
  • one of the plurality of power modules is a spare unused power module. Therefore, the inverter 228 is a spare and unused.
  • the dashed line to power module 210 x denotes that the power module is a spare for selective connection to the wind turbine generator (WTG) 108.
  • the spare and unused inverter 228 of power module 210 X may be reconfigured for use in the wind turbine energy storage device 250 represented in the dashed line box.
  • the unused inverter 228 may be an unused line-side power converter.
  • the wind turbine energy storage device 250 includes an energy storage device 255 which stores DC power.
  • the energy storage device 255 is coupled to an input of the inverter 228 or line-side power converter reconfigured to produce supplemental AC power.
  • FIG. 3 a block diagram of a wind turbine device 300 with a dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 is illustrated.
  • the wind turbine device 300 comprises rotary blades 302 coupled to a gear box 304 such as suitable for an asynchronous generator including but not limited to a doubly-fed asynchronous generator (DFAG).
  • the gear box 304 is coupled to an asynchronous wind turbine generator 308 via a driving shaft 306 to generate electricity at a variable AC frequency responsive to wind speed.
  • DFAG doubly-fed asynchronous generator
  • the variable frequency AC electricity from the wind turbine generator 308 is communicated to at least one power module 310.
  • the generator 308 produces AC power suitable for supplying an electrical grid.
  • a transformer 312 is coupled to a power line 316 between the output of the generator 308 via circuit breaker 314A and the electrical grid.
  • the transformer converts a first AC power voltage to a second AC power voltage as required by the grid.
  • the input to the at least one power module 1 10 may vary based on the output of the generator 108.
  • a second circuit breaker 314B may be coupled between the output of the generator 308 and the input to the at least one power module 310.
  • the at least one power module 310 comprises a rectifier 324 connected to the output of the wind turbine generator 308 for converting the electricity (AC power) of the generator 108 to DC power.
  • the output of the rectifier 324 is coupled to a DC bus 326 with a bus capacitor 327 for transiently storing the DC power.
  • the output of the DC bus 326 is connected to an inverter 328.
  • the inverter 328 is configured to convert the DC power of the DC bus 126 to a low frequency AC power voltage for supply to a rotor of the asynchronous generator 308.
  • the DFAG is typically used with a partial power converter.
  • the at least one power module 310 may include a partial generator-side power converter and a partial line-side power converter having about one-third the capacity of the power converters of the at least one power module 1 10 required for a full converter generator.
  • the power supplied by the generator 308 may be at system frequency (e.g., 60 Hz or 50 Hz, typically).
  • the at least one power module 310 further comprises at least one controller 330 for controlling the rectifier 324 and the inverter 328.
  • At least a portion of the output of the generator 308 may be coupled to a circuit breaker 314A coupled in series with the transformer 312.
  • the circuit breaker (CB) 314A may be used to shut down the wind turbine device 300 during adverse wind conditions as previously described. Additionally, the wind turbine device 300 may be taken off-line (shut down) for maintenance and repairs. Likewise, the circuit breaker 314A may be used to take the wind turbine device 300 off-line while maintenance and repairs take place.
  • At least a portion of the output of the wind turbine device 300 may also be coupled to circuit breaker 314B which is coupled to the input of the at least one power module 310.
  • the circuit breaker pair e.g. circuit breakers 314A and 314B
  • the circuit breaker pair may be switched to take the wind turbine device 300 off-line.
  • the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 is shown connected between an output of the circuit breaker (CB) 314A and an input to the transformer 312.
  • the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 was previously described above in relation to FIG. 1 . Hence no further description is necessary.
  • the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 is still able to deliver supplemental AC voltages to the power line 316 upstream of the transformer 312 at a location after the circuit breaker 314A, the supplemental AC voltages being for one or more of: AC power, voltage regulation and frequency regulation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

Embodiments are directed to a wind turbine device (100) comprising a wind turbine generator (WTG) (108) operable to produce AC power, a rectifier (224) connected to the WTG for converting AC power to DC power, a DC bus (226) connected to the rectifier (224) for receiving DC power, and an inverter (228) connected to the DC bus for converting DC power to AC power at a first voltage for supplying the AC power to a transformer/grid. The wind turbine device (100) also includes an energy storage device (155) producing a supply of stored DC power; a supplemental power converter (157) connected to the energy storage device for converting stored DC power to supplemental AC power; and a switch (170) selectively interconnecting the power converter (157) for supplying the supplemental AC power to the transformer/grid.

Description

DYNAMIC WIND TURBINE ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to energy power storage in wind turbine devices.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Renewable energy produced by wind turbines fluctuates since wind is
characteristically intermittent. Wind power is generally proportional to the cube of the wind speed in the range of 5-10 meters/sec, so even a slight reduction in wind speed can cause a significant decline in the wind power over a short period of time.
Hence, some system operators impose a limit on the wind power rate of decline of a wind farm to, by way of non-limiting example, approximately 5% per minute. In order to meet the demands of the rate of decline limit, battery energy storage systems (BESS) have been used to control or smooth the output of the wind farm to the electrical grid. Typically, a prior art BESS is a stand-alone system which requires a costly site specific design for each wind farm installation and may include several wind turbines.
U.S. Patent 5,225,712 describes the use of an energy storage device with a single variable speed wind turbine in order to reduce power fluctuations due to wind speed variation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is explained in the following description in view of the drawings that show:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a full-converter wind turbine device with a dynamic wind turbine energy storage device;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a wind turbine energy storage device for a wind turbine device with a plurality of power modules; and FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a wind turbine device with a dynamic wind turbine energy storage device for a doubly-fed asynchronous generator.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The inventor has recognized that the energy storage device, typically a battery, is connected to the DC bus between the rectifier and inverter that are used to convert variable frequency AC power to fixed frequency AC power. Some systems interface an energy storage system to a direct current (DC) bus between a rectifier and inverter of power conversion circuitry. The inventor has also determined that interfacing the energy storage system to a DC bus of the power conversion circuitry sacrifices reactive power capability from the wind turbine generator (WTG) by displacing reactive power with active power. In some systems, the DC bus extends the distance from the nacelle of the wind turbine device to the base of the tower. This distance can be about 100 meters or 300 feet which can be problematic for interfacing an energy storage system. For example, the DC bus may be in the nacelle, but the batteries may be located at ground level for maintenance.
Moreover, wind turbines can be forced to shut down based on the wind speed conditions. For example, during low wind speed conditions (i.e., less three (3) meters/sec.) or high wind speed conditions (i.e., 25 meters/sec), the wind turbine is taken off-line or shut down. However, the operated systems (i.e., electrical grid) may still require voltage regulation services and/or frequency regulation services while the turbine is off-line. The inventor has determined that the energy storage interfaced through circuitry of wind turbine may not be available to provide alternating current (AC) power for ancillary services such as voltage regulation and/or frequency regulation when the wind turbine is off-line, such as for adverse wind conditions. Adverse wind conditions may include, but are not limited to low wind speed conditions, high wind speed conditions, and turbulent wind conditions.
Referring now to FIG. 1 , a block diagram of a full-converter wind turbine device 100 with a dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 is illustrated. The full- converter wind turbine device 100 comprises rotary blades 102 coupled to a gear box 104. The gear box 104 is coupled to a wind turbine generator 108 via a driving shaft 106 to generate electricity at a variable AC frequency responsive to wind speed. Other embodiments may utilize a direct drive generator without a gear box. The wind turbine generator 1 08 may be one of an asynchronous generator and synchronous generator. By way of non-limiting example, asynchronous generators may include squirrel-cage induction generators and wound-rotor induction generators. Synchronous generators may include permanent magnet synchronous generators and field-wound synchronous generators.
The variable frequency AC electricity from the wind turbine generator 108 is communicated to at least one power module 1 10 for converting the electricity to a fixed frequency AC power suitable for supplying an electrical grid. A transformer 1 12 is coupled to a power line 1 16 between the output of the at least one power module 1 10 and the electrical grid. The transformer converts a first AC power voltage (e.g., 690 VAc) to a second AC power voltage (e.g. , 34.5 KVAc) as required by the grid. The input to the at least one power module 1 10 may vary based on the output of the generator 108.
The at least one power module 1 10 comprises a rectifier 124 connected to the wind turbine generator 108 for converting the electricity (active AC power) of the generator 108 to DC power. The rectifier 124 may also supply magnetizing current to the generator 108, if required by the generator (e.g., for asynchronous generators), as is understood by those familiar with the art. For example, the rectifier 124 can send magnetizing current to generator 108 and convert active AC power to DC power. The output of the rectifier 124 is coupled to a DC bus 126 with a bus capacitor 127 for transiently storing the DC power. The output of the DC bus 126 is connected to an inverter 128. The inverter 128 is configured to convert the DC power of the DC bus 126 to a first AC power voltage at the predetermined power factor for an electrical grid. The power supplied by the power module 1 10 may be at system frequency (e.g., 60 Hz or 50 Hz, typically). The at least one power module 1 10 further comprises at least one controller 130 for controlling the rectifier 124 and the inverter 128. The operation of a power module for wind turbines are known in the art. Thus, no further discussion will be provided. The at least one power module 1 10 may be described as including a generator-side power converter and a line-side power converter. The generator-side power converter rectifies (i.e., rectifier 124) the incoming variable AC power to DC power. The line-side convertor inverts (i.e., inverter) the DC power to fixed frequency AC power (at 60 Hz or 50 Hz, typically).
The output of the at least one power module 1 10 may be coupled to a circuit breaker 1 14 with the circuit breaker 1 14 coupled in series with the at least one power module 1 10 and the transformer 1 12. The circuit breaker (CB) 1 14 may be used to shut down the wind turbine device 100 during adverse wind conditions such as during low wind speed conditions (i.e., less three (3) meters/sec), high wind speed conditions (i.e., 25 meters/sec), or turbulent wind conditions or for system faults and maintenance. In adverse wind conditions, the wind turbine device 100 is taken off-line or shut down until the wind conditions improve. Also, the wind turbine device 100 may be shut down for reasons other than adverse wind conditions such as, by way of non-limiting example, for maintenance and repairs. Likewise, the circuit breaker 1 14 may be used to take the wind turbine device 100 off-line while maintenance and repairs take place.
The wind turbine device 100 may further comprise a dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 shown connected between an output of the circuit breaker (CB) 1 14 and an input to the transformer 1 12. Hence, when the wind turbine device 100 is shut down or taken off-line by the switching of the circuit breaker 1 14, the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 is still able to deliver supplemental AC voltages to the power line 1 16 upstream of the transformer 1 12 at a location after the circuit breaker 1 14, the supplemental AC voltages being for one or more of: AC power, voltage regulation and frequency regulation.
The dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 includes an energy storage device 155 coupled to supplemental power converter 157. The supplemental power converter 157 may comprise an energy storage inverter 160 and controller 165. The dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 is configured to be continuously operational even when the wind turbine device 100 is shut down or off-line.
The energy storage device 155 may be a battery storage device which stores DC power in a battery. The energy storage device 155 may include inductive elements (e.g., superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)) and/or capacitive elements (e.g., energy storage capacitors). The energy storage device may include a conventional battery such as a lead-acid battery, an electrochemical device such as a fuel cell, superconducting magnets, or an energy storage capacitor.
The energy storage device 155 may be re-chargeable. The energy storage device 155 may include photovoltaics or solar cells. The energy storage inverter 160 serves as an energy storage interface for converting the stored DC power of the energy storage device 155 to AC power, hereinafter referred to as a supplemental AC power. The supplemental AC power (or referred to as supplemental AC voltage) is selectively injected on the power line 1 16 for input to the transformer 1 12. In an embodiment, the supplemental AC voltage from the supplemental power converter 157 via energy storage inverter 160 is injected upstream of any transformers to the electrical grid.
The dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 further includes a switch 170. The switch 170 selectively interconnects the energy source device 155 to the power line 1 16 via the energy storage inverter 160 in response to a predetermined power factor or demand. The switch 170 may be an electronic switch, circuit breaker, semiconductor device, or other controllable switching device. The switch 170 may receive a control signal from the supplement power converter 157 to selectively connect the output from the supplemental power converter 157 to the power line 1 16.
The energy storage device 155 is configured to produce a supply of stored DC power as input into the energy storage inverter 160 of the supplemental power converter 157. The supplement power converter 157 via the energy storage inverter 160 is configured to produce a supplemental AC power to meet one of: the
predetermined power output of the wind turbine device 100 when the wind turbine device 100 is on-line; and ancillary services such as voltage regulation and/or frequency regulation when the wind turbine device 100 is off-line. Specifically, the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 may be configured to be on-line essentially continuously.
Voltage regulation does not inherently require supplying active power, but converters (e.g., power converters or power module) have losses, so if a converter is required to regulate voltage while the wind turbine is not producing active power, active power must be drawn from the system, incurring energy and demand charges, or from the energy storage device 155. By way of non-limiting example, the energy storage inverter 160 of the
supplemental power converter 157 is configured to produce real AC power from the stored DC power in response to a control signal from controller 165. The controller 165 may receive a control signal from one or more controllers 130 of power module 1 10 in order for the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 to provide supplemental active current to meet the predetermined power required of the wind turbine device 100. The controller 165 controls the energy storage inverter 160 of the supplemental power converter 157 to supply supplemental power as a function of power regulation or frequency regulation when the wind turbine device 100 is off-line.
In operation, the wind turbine device 100 is configured to produce a
predetermined real power output. A specific value for the predetermined real power may be required by the system operator. Power factor is the ratio of real power to apparent power. Apparent power is the sum of real and reactive currents (which add
geometrically, not arithmetically). Energy storage provides active power. The converter (e.g., power converter or power module) can supply reactive power without energy storage, but should receive enough active power to provide for losses (mostly resistive heating and associated cooling of the heat).
The transformer 1 12 may or may not be part of the wind turbine device 100. The transformer 1 12 is configured to receive the AC power at a first voltage (e.g., 690 VAc) and converting it to a second voltage (e.g., 3.4KVAc) for supply to an electrical grid, wherein the supplemental AC voltage via the switch 170 is essentially zero.
Alternately, the transformer 1 12 may receive a power signal which includes the first voltage at an amount which is different from the predetermined power factor or demand and includes the supplemental AC current from the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150. The output voltages from inverters 128 and 160 may be compatible for interface to the grid, since the inverters are to be in parallel. The dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 provides the supplemental AC current at a common voltage. In other words, the output voltages from the supplemental power converter 157 and the line-side power converter of the at least one power module 1 10 may be compatible so that a compatible voltage is sent to the transformer 1 12 and then to the grid. The power signal would be converted by the transformer 1 12 to the second voltage for supply to the electrical grid. The first voltage (AC power) being the actual voltage produced by the wind via the wind turbine device at the output of the at least one power module 1 10. The supplemental AC current may be a function of or difference in the amount of AC power of the actual first voltage and the first voltage (design criteria) to meet the predetermined demand. The function or difference may be a function of at least one of: apparent AC power, reactive AC power, real AC power and frequency.
Furthermore, the transformer 1 12 may receive only the AC voltage from the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150. The magnitude and phase angle of AC voltage produced by the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 is a function of the capacity of the energy storage inverter 1 60 and is not limited by the rotary side or wind turbine power module circuitry.
The present invention advantageously overcomes several limitations identified by the inventor with prior art devices such as described in the aforementioned U.S. patent 5,225,712. For example, the prior art system provides stored energy through the inverter associated with the wind turbine generator. In contrast, the present invention provides stored energy through an inverter 160 that can be controlled separately from the power module 1 10 of the wind turbine generator 108. This provides additional capability and flexibility for the operator of the wind turbine device in controlling frequency, voltage, real power, reactive power and power factor when compared to the prior art system.
Moreover, a typical wind turbine device as supplied by the assignee of the present invention includes the power module 1 10 within the nacelle, which is located on top of a tower and may be 100 meters or more from the ground surface. There is little or no room in the nacelle for energy storage batteries or equipment, so these are typically located in a building separate from the wind turbine at ground level. The prior art system therefore requires a DC bus to be installed between the energy storage building to the nacelle. The present invention avoids this requirement and allows for convenient interconnection of the energy storage switch 170 and the power line 1 16 at ground level. Moreover, it is known that certain standard designs of modular power converters are used in commercially available wind turbines such as provided by the assignee of the present invention. The modular power converters include multiple sets of rectifiers/inverters that may be selectively connected or left unconnected to the wind turbine generator depending upon the specific design parameters for a particular wind turbine application. In this manner, one modular power converter unit is used for a plurality of wind turbine models. For wind turbines where at least one module of the power converter is unused or under-utilized, it is possible to utilize that inverter as the inverter for the dynamic energy storage device. This embodiment is described more fully in view of FIG. 2, a block diagram of a wind turbine energy storage device 250 for a wind turbine device with a plurality of power modules 2101, 2102 ... 210X. The at least one power module comprises a plurality of power modules 2101, 2102 ... 210X. Each power module configured for selective connection to a wind turbine generator (WTG) 108 (FIG. 1 ) to achieve a respective selected power factor, each power module comprising a rectifier 224, DC bus 226 and an inverter 228. Each power module may further include one or more controllers 230 to produce AC power at the respective selected power factor. The output of the plurality of power modules 2101, 2102 ... 210x is couple to circuit breaker 214 which is in turn coupled to an input of transformer 212. The transformer 212 converts the output (first voltage) of the plurality of power modules 2101, 2102 ... 210x to a second voltage for the electrical grid.
In an embodiment, one of the plurality of power modules, denoted as 21 0X, is a spare unused power module. Therefore, the inverter 228 is a spare and unused. The dashed line to power module 210x denotes that the power module is a spare for selective connection to the wind turbine generator (WTG) 108. The spare and unused inverter 228 of power module 210X may be reconfigured for use in the wind turbine energy storage device 250 represented in the dashed line box. The unused inverter 228 may be an unused line-side power converter.
The wind turbine energy storage device 250 includes an energy storage device 255 which stores DC power. The energy storage device 255 is coupled to an input of the inverter 228 or line-side power converter reconfigured to produce supplemental AC power. Referring now to FIG. 3, a block diagram of a wind turbine device 300 with a dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 is illustrated. The wind turbine device 300 comprises rotary blades 302 coupled to a gear box 304 such as suitable for an asynchronous generator including but not limited to a doubly-fed asynchronous generator (DFAG). The gear box 304 is coupled to an asynchronous wind turbine generator 308 via a driving shaft 306 to generate electricity at a variable AC frequency responsive to wind speed.
The variable frequency AC electricity from the wind turbine generator 308 is communicated to at least one power module 310. The generator 308 produces AC power suitable for supplying an electrical grid. A transformer 312 is coupled to a power line 316 between the output of the generator 308 via circuit breaker 314A and the electrical grid. The transformer converts a first AC power voltage to a second AC power voltage as required by the grid. The input to the at least one power module 1 10 may vary based on the output of the generator 108. A second circuit breaker 314B may be coupled between the output of the generator 308 and the input to the at least one power module 310.
The at least one power module 310 comprises a rectifier 324 connected to the output of the wind turbine generator 308 for converting the electricity (AC power) of the generator 108 to DC power. The output of the rectifier 324 is coupled to a DC bus 326 with a bus capacitor 327 for transiently storing the DC power. The output of the DC bus 326 is connected to an inverter 328. The inverter 328 is configured to convert the DC power of the DC bus 126 to a low frequency AC power voltage for supply to a rotor of the asynchronous generator 308. The DFAG is typically used with a partial power converter. The at least one power module 310 may include a partial generator-side power converter and a partial line-side power converter having about one-third the capacity of the power converters of the at least one power module 1 10 required for a full converter generator.
The power supplied by the generator 308 may be at system frequency (e.g., 60 Hz or 50 Hz, typically). The at least one power module 310 further comprises at least one controller 330 for controlling the rectifier 324 and the inverter 328. At least a portion of the output of the generator 308 may be coupled to a circuit breaker 314A coupled in series with the transformer 312. The circuit breaker (CB) 314A may be used to shut down the wind turbine device 300 during adverse wind conditions as previously described. Additionally, the wind turbine device 300 may be taken off-line (shut down) for maintenance and repairs. Likewise, the circuit breaker 314A may be used to take the wind turbine device 300 off-line while maintenance and repairs take place.
At least a portion of the output of the wind turbine device 300 may also be coupled to circuit breaker 314B which is coupled to the input of the at least one power module 310. The circuit breaker pair (e.g. circuit breakers 314A and 314B) may be switched to take the wind turbine device 300 off-line.
The dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 is shown connected between an output of the circuit breaker (CB) 314A and an input to the transformer 312. The dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 was previously described above in relation to FIG. 1 . Hence no further description is necessary. When the wind turbine device 300 is shut down or taken off-line by the switching of the circuit breaker 314A and/or circuit breaker 314B, the dynamic wind turbine energy storage device 150 is still able to deliver supplemental AC voltages to the power line 316 upstream of the transformer 312 at a location after the circuit breaker 314A, the supplemental AC voltages being for one or more of: AC power, voltage regulation and frequency regulation.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes and substitutions may be made without departing from the invention herein. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention be limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

The invention claimed is: 1 . A wind turbine device comprising:
a wind turbine generator (WTG) operable to produce alternating current (AC) power;
a rectifier connected to the WTG for converting the AC power to direct current (DC) power;
a DC bus connected to the rectifier for receiving the DC power;
an inverter connected to the DC bus for converting the DC power to AC power; a transformer connected to the inverter for receiving the AC power from the WTG or the inverter and for converting the received AC power to a voltage for supply to an electrical grid;
an energy storage device operable to produce a supply of stored DC power; a supplemental power converter connected to the energy storage device for converting the stored DC power to supplemental AC power; and
a switch for selectively interconnecting the supplemental power converter to supply the supplemental AC power to the transformer.
2. The wind turbine device of claim 1 , wherein the supplemental AC power includes reactive AC power and real AC power.
3. The wind turbine device of claim 1 , further comprising a first power module having the rectifier, the DC bus and the inverter configured for selective connection to the generator to achieve a respective selected power output; and a second power module comprising the supplemental power converter configured to produce the supplemental AC power from the stored DC power.
4. The wind turbine device of claim 1 , wherein the generator comprises one of an asynchronous generator, a doubly-fed asynchronous generator and a
synchronous generator.
5. The wind turbine device of claim 1 , wherein:
the supplemental AC power is supplied upstream at a location prior to any transformer; and
the supplemental AC power is a function of or difference in an amount of AC power produced from the wind turbine device and an AC power required to meet a predetermined power output of the wind turbine device.
6. The wind turbine device of claim 1 , further comprising a circuit breaker operable to switch the wind turbine device off-line, wherein the supplemental power converter selectively supplies an AC voltage to the transformer while the wind turbine device is off-line for voltage regulation in the electrical grid.
7. The wind turbine device of claim 1 , wherein the supplemental power converter is configured for continuous operation during adverse wind conditions for a continuous supply of the supplemental AC power to the transformer.
8. In a wind turbine device comprising a plurality of power modules configured for selective connection to a generator to achieve a predetermined power factor, each power module comprising a rectifier and an inverter configured to output a first alternating current (AC) voltage; an improvement comprising:
a direct current (DC) energy storage device connected to a reconfigured inverter of a respective one of the power modules, the reconfigured inverter configured to produce a dedicated supply of a supplemental AC current to supplement the first AC current of remaining power modules of the plurality of power modules to achieve the predetermined power output.
9. The wind turbine device of claim 8, wherein each power module of the plurality of power modules comprises a full-power power module.
10. The wind turbine device of claim 8, wherein the generator comprises one of a full-power induction asynchronous generator and a synchronous generator.
1 1 . The wind turbine device of claim 8, wherein the supplemental AC power includes reactive AC power and real AC power.
12. The wind turbine device of claim 8, wherein the DC energy storage device comprises at least one of an inductive element and a capacitive element.
13. The wind turbine device of claim 8, wherein the DC energy storage device includes stored direct current (DC) power; and the storage device is rechargeable.
14. The wind turbine device of claim 8, wherein the reconfigured inverter is an unused or spare inverter.
15. A method of providing wind turbine energy storage, the wind turbine comprising a generator, a generator-side power converter, a direct current (DC) bus, a line-side power converter, a power line and a transformer connected in series with at least the generator, the method comprising:
providing an energy source; and
selectively interconnecting the energy source to the power line via a
supplemental power converter in response to a power factor.
16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
supplying DC power by the energy source; and
converting the DC power to alternating current (AC) power by the supplemental power converter.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
switching the wind turbine device off-line; and
while the wind turbine device is off-line, continuously supplying, by the supplemental power converter, the AC power to the transformer.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein the wind turbine further comprises a plurality of power modules, each power module configured for selective connection to a generator to achieve the power factor, each power module comprising a generator-side power converter and a line-side power converter, the method further comprising:
configuring a respective one line-side power converter of the plurality of power modules as the supplemental power converter, the configured supplemental power converter being configured to produce the AC power from the energy source to achieve the power factor.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein AC power includes reactive AC power and real AC power.
20. The method of claim 15, wherein the selectively interconnecting the energy source to the power line via the supplemental power converter in response to a power demand comprises: selectively interconnecting the energy source to the power line via the supplemental power converter upstream at a location prior to any transformer.
PCT/US2015/027043 2015-04-11 2015-04-11 Dynamic wind turbine energy storage device WO2016167816A1 (en)

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