WO2016033597A1 - Commutateur de charge intelligent pour système électrique solaire, et procédé d'utilisation de ce commutateur - Google Patents

Commutateur de charge intelligent pour système électrique solaire, et procédé d'utilisation de ce commutateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016033597A1
WO2016033597A1 PCT/US2015/047778 US2015047778W WO2016033597A1 WO 2016033597 A1 WO2016033597 A1 WO 2016033597A1 US 2015047778 W US2015047778 W US 2015047778W WO 2016033597 A1 WO2016033597 A1 WO 2016033597A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
inverter
loads
switching
output
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2015/047778
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bob BARTOLOTTO
Original Assignee
Nuevo Power, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nuevo Power, Inc. filed Critical Nuevo Power, Inc.
Publication of WO2016033597A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016033597A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates generally to an intelligent load switching apparatus and methods.
  • this disclosure is directed to apparatus and methods for making intelligent conservation decisions and lowering overall cost of an off-grid power system.
  • Described is an integrated device that is a component in a larger off-grid electric system, such as solar, that serves to lower the overall system cost and make intelligent conservation decisions when the off-grid energy resources are limited, and methods related thereto.
  • an intelligent load switching apparatus that is preferably a component of an off- grid electric system, and methods of using the same.
  • the intelligent load switching apparatus addresses both the adaptation of loads with different electrical requirements as well as the conservation of energy by making intelligent switching decisions through the use of a policy engine.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a high level drawing of an example system for intelligent load switching according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of a switch according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • embodiments indicate that the embodiment(s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is understood that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
  • Embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof. Embodiments of the disclosure may also be implemented as instructions stored on a machine-readable medium, which may be read and executed by one or more processors.
  • a machine-readable medium may include any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computing device).
  • a machine-readable medium may include read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory devices; electrical, optical, acoustical or other forms of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.), and others.
  • firmware, software, routines, instructions may be described herein as performing certain actions. However, it should be appreciated that such descriptions are merely for convenience and that such actions in fact result from computing devices, processors, controllers, or other devices executing the firmware, software, routines, instructions, etc.
  • the apparatus and methods described herein also advantageously allow for the prioritization of loads, including to conserve critical resources such as battery power as noted above.
  • loads including to conserve critical resources such as battery power as noted above.
  • the apparatus and methods described herein allow for the prioritization and scheduling of critical loads in order to conserve energy.
  • the intelligence to determine when certain loads can be switched off and on is driven by a software policy engine, further described herein, which uses a combination of heuristics, predictive analysis and human input to determine the policies.
  • FIG 1 illustrates a high level drawing of the system in which an embodiment according to the disclosure works.
  • a single inverter (1) is used to convert a PV array to AC voltage, which is then fed into the intelligent load switch (1 A).
  • the single inverter (1) provides the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control of the solar array and provides a single AC output, which is used as the main source of power for the switch (1 A).
  • MPPT Maximum Power Point Tracking
  • backup batteries are used for AC backup: they get charged from the solar array using a build-in charge controller in the inverter (1), and then drains at night when no PV is available. In some embodiments, the DC of the battery bank also goes directly into the load switch (1 A).
  • the switch (1 A) takes grid AC input and external DC input from the battery bank (shown in FIG. 1) directly.
  • one of the outputs (output 2) of the switch (1 A) is configured to be a Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) output so as to drive a VFD pump.
  • SPWM Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation
  • This output 2 is typically scheduled to run only during the day when more solar energy is available according to a priority policy as discussed further below.
  • the three outputs (3) of the switch (1 A) feed a home.
  • Each output (3) is pure sine, fixed frequency, and attached to a circuit breaker at the electrical panel on the side of the house.
  • These outputs (3) are prioritized by the policy engine in the switch (1 A) as described further below.
  • the refrigerator circuit may be prioritized ahead of the circuit with the TV if the available power is limited.
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the load switch (1 A), attached to the inverter (1).
  • the inverter (1) is integrated within the load switch (1A).
  • the switch 1 A includes a voltage and frequency signal conditioning circuit 10, a phase converter 20, a DC/DC conversion circuit 30, each of which receives various power inputs, including DC from a PV/battery as shown, AC power from the inverter (1) as shown, and power from the grid (not shown).
  • each of the voltage and frequency signal conditioning circuit 10, the phase converter 20, and the DC/DC conversion circuit 30 is controlled using control signals obtained from the configuration control output 52, which is part of the policy engine 50, described hereinafter.
  • the power switching circuit 40 which receives outputs from each of the voltage and frequency signal conditioning circuit 10, the phase converter 20, and the DC/DC conversion circuit 30.
  • the switching circuit 40 is controlled using switch control signals obtained from the switching scheduling output 54, which is part of the policy engine 50, described hereinafter.
  • the policy engine 50 takes as input feedback from the switching circuit to determine whether the current configuration and prioritization is appropriate or should be changed.
  • the feedback is preferably in the form of parameters such as voltage, frequency, and current.
  • current is most significant as it provides data relative to the amount of power that is being consumed (i.e. "consumption information") to the policy engine 50, which is invaluable for keeping track of the finite resources such as the battery life of the backup battery bank as shown in FIG. 1.
  • monitoring of the switching circuit 40 takes place using either the same feedback that is reported to the policy engine 50.
  • further analysis of the feedback is performed externally and the resulting analysis data is then provided to the policy engine 50 or mobile applications through the communication module 60.
  • the monitoring information of most significance is information that might trigger an alarm, such as which outputs are active, disabled or being stressed.
  • the monitoring information is then communicated to the communication module 60, for use in providing external notifications of status, among others.
  • external policies can be formed and provided to the policy engine 50 through the communication module 60, either based upon the monitoring information provided or based upon other requests, using a comiection 62, which can be wired and/or wireless (and WIFI and Bluetooth being shown).
  • the policy engine 50 is designed to control the behavior of the load switch 1 A based on a series of inputs, where the inputs are specified by the user, remote sensors, or other external sources such as GPS, weather station data or real time clock information.
  • a simple embodiment to implement the policy engine 50 includes the use of a timer that switches an output on or off based on the time of day. For example:
  • a preferred embodiment of the policy engine 50 is to make intelligent decisions based on a number of factors, using a combination oftiistorical, real time, and predictive data, an a manner that is configurable and changeable over time, including based upon data from remote sensors that are read by remote sensor logic 56 as well as real time clock data and GPS data that can be obtained using real time clock and GPS block 58.
  • Such an embodiment is preferably implemented using a processor, memory and control block 51, as shown, that also may include other components that are conventionally used in computer systems, so as to run an application program contained in programmed software instructions, as is conventionally known, in order to implement the various features described herein, and allow changes to be made based on changes to settings within the applications software and/or updates to the application software, as shown by the descriptions herein, thereby ultimately providing the signals to the configuration control output 52 and the switching scheduling output 54, as shown.
  • a user is utilizing the Intelligent Load Switch (ILS) according to the present disclosure in an off-grid solar system, which has enough capacity during a sunny day to fully charge a battery bank and still provide power to the loads.
  • the system is wired to feed critical loads, such as their refrigerator and their emergency lighting, from output #1 of the load switch. They are feeding the rest of their home through output #2 of the load switch.
  • critical loads such as their refrigerator and their emergency lighting
  • the charge controller is part of the inverter that is external to the load switch. It is noted that the sensor may be part of the remote sensors (as shown in FIG.2) and implemented as a simple data interface (wired or wireless).
  • the system may invoke another predefined policy named "critical battery level policy” that turns off Output #2 entirely and starts to cycle Output #1 off for 20 minutes every hour between 12AM and 7AM.
  • E-mail or SMS is sent to the system owner each time one of the predefined policies is invoked, including information on what caused the change in state. Warnings could also be sent in advance to allow a system owner to override a possible state change.
  • the system provides a robust method of controlling multiple different power outputs, based upon a policy engine 50 that is preferably programmable and configurable, and related components as described.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à des appareils, des systèmes et des procédés qui permettent de classer par ordre de priorité les charges d'un réseau d'alimentation autonome afin de conserver des ressources d'énergie. Le réseau d'alimentation autonome inclut des capteurs distants, une pluralité de sources d'énergie et une pluralité de charges. Selon certains modes de réalisation, le système comprend un onduleur connecté à une source de la pluralité de sources d'énergie, ainsi qu'un commutateur de charge intelligent connecté à l'onduleur et à la pluralité de charges. La sortie de ladite source d'énergie entre dans l'onduleur. Le commutateur intelligent utilise la sortie de l'onduleur comme entrée, et il génère une sortie qui pilote la pluralité de charges en réponse à la rétroaction et à l'état de la pluralité de sources d'énergie et de la pluralité de charges.
PCT/US2015/047778 2014-08-29 2015-08-31 Commutateur de charge intelligent pour système électrique solaire, et procédé d'utilisation de ce commutateur WO2016033597A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201462044115P 2014-08-29 2014-08-29
US62/044,115 2014-08-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016033597A1 true WO2016033597A1 (fr) 2016-03-03

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110216562A1 (en) * 2010-03-14 2011-09-08 Mechanical Electrical Systems, Inc. Dc-to-dc power conversion
US20110254372A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2011-10-20 American Power Conversion Corporation Alternative-Source Energy Management
US20120035778A1 (en) * 2008-11-14 2012-02-09 Kong Stephen Poh Chew Automated system of democratizing power
US20130327077A1 (en) * 2012-04-27 2013-12-12 Marvin Motsenbocker Optimum Use of Solar Electricity
US20140062206A1 (en) * 2012-08-29 2014-03-06 Robert L. Bryson Low Voltage Solar Electric Energy Distribution
US20140084687A1 (en) * 2011-05-08 2014-03-27 Paul Wilkinson Dent Solar energy conversion and utilization system
US8742620B1 (en) * 2012-07-10 2014-06-03 Geneva Holdings, LLC Electrical cogeneration system and method
US8766474B2 (en) * 2011-01-12 2014-07-01 The Boeing Company Smart microgrid reconfigurable AC interface

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110254372A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2011-10-20 American Power Conversion Corporation Alternative-Source Energy Management
US20120035778A1 (en) * 2008-11-14 2012-02-09 Kong Stephen Poh Chew Automated system of democratizing power
US20110216562A1 (en) * 2010-03-14 2011-09-08 Mechanical Electrical Systems, Inc. Dc-to-dc power conversion
US8766474B2 (en) * 2011-01-12 2014-07-01 The Boeing Company Smart microgrid reconfigurable AC interface
US20140084687A1 (en) * 2011-05-08 2014-03-27 Paul Wilkinson Dent Solar energy conversion and utilization system
US20130327077A1 (en) * 2012-04-27 2013-12-12 Marvin Motsenbocker Optimum Use of Solar Electricity
US8742620B1 (en) * 2012-07-10 2014-06-03 Geneva Holdings, LLC Electrical cogeneration system and method
US20140062206A1 (en) * 2012-08-29 2014-03-06 Robert L. Bryson Low Voltage Solar Electric Energy Distribution

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