WO2014050759A1 - Single-phase voltage type ac-dc converter - Google Patents

Single-phase voltage type ac-dc converter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014050759A1
WO2014050759A1 PCT/JP2013/075546 JP2013075546W WO2014050759A1 WO 2014050759 A1 WO2014050759 A1 WO 2014050759A1 JP 2013075546 W JP2013075546 W JP 2013075546W WO 2014050759 A1 WO2014050759 A1 WO 2014050759A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage
phase
terminal
command
signal
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PCT/JP2013/075546
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
正明 大島
修一 宇敷
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オリジン電気株式会社
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Publication of WO2014050759A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014050759A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/493—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the single phase voltage type
  • the synchronous generator which is the main power source of the current power system, can automatically correct individual output deviations because the individual generators have a synchronizing power. For this reason, such a synchronous generator can be operated autonomously without performing cross current suppression control.
  • an inverter AC / DC converter
  • APRun a technique of autonomous parallel operation
  • the three-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of Patent Document 1 UM-converts the three-phase output voltage on the dq rotation coordinates, and each axis component is independent so that the amplitude and frequency of the power system approach the command value by the upper command vector. I try to control it.
  • the three-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of Patent Document 1 synchronizes a generated value generated from a component related to a frequency difference of a three-phase output voltage with a rotation angle of a conversion matrix in a UM converter circuit, thereby generating a three-phase output.
  • the rotation angle of the voltage can be made to follow the frequency of the power system.
  • the voltage used for alternating current such as “output voltage”, “voltage corresponding to phase difference”, “internal electromotive voltage” means a function having time as a variable. JP 2007-236083 A JP 2009-201224 A
  • the present invention is capable of autonomous parallel operation in which individual devices autonomously control output deviation even when a plurality of units are connected in parallel with single-phase alternating current, and active power and reactive power. It is an object to provide a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter that can be controlled independently.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention generates a single-phase alternating current having a predetermined phase difference from the phase of the single-phase alternating-current voltage at the alternating-current terminal, and the generated single-phase alternating current and alternating current are generated.
  • the inverter is PWM controlled using the single-phase AC voltage of the terminal. That is, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention uses the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal as the first axis corresponding to the ⁇ -axis component when the three-phase AC is M-converted.
  • a single-phase alternating current having a predetermined phase difference is set as a second axis corresponding to a ⁇ -axis component when the three-phase alternating current is M-converted.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention controls the first axis and the second axis independently, and uses the inherent electrical angle generated by the frequency control circuit to follow the single-phase AC voltage to the frequency of the power system. Furthermore, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention measures the active power and reactive power of the AC terminal, and the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit so as to obtain the desired active power and reactive power. I decided to control it.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention has an internal electromotive voltage and an internal equivalent impedance when viewed from the AC terminal, and applies a single-phase voltage from a DC voltage source according to the pulse width of the gate signal.
  • a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter that converts and outputs an AC voltage, a current that detects a single-phase AC current of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter and outputs a signal generated according to the magnitude of the single-phase AC current
  • An allowable value for a difference between the detection circuit and an input PWM command and an output from the current detection circuit is set in advance, the difference is sampled at a predetermined period, and the difference is the allowable value for each sampling.
  • a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter that outputs the single-phase AC voltage output from the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter from the AC terminal. Times And, A phase-delayed single-phase AC generator that delays the phase of the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal and generates a delayed single-phase AC, and based on the delayed single-phase AC, the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal and the A phase difference generation circuit for generating a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the internal electromotive voltage of a single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit; A power command vector comprising an active power command value for the active power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal and a reactive power command value for the reactive power value is input, and the power command vector, the effective power of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal Based on the power value and the reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal, the power generated so that the active power value and reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal approaches the command value by the
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention has an internal electromotive voltage and an internal equivalent impedance when viewed from the AC terminal, and converts the voltage from the DC voltage source into a single-phase AC voltage according to the pulse width of the gate signal.
  • a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter that converts and outputs, a voltage detection circuit that detects a single-phase AC voltage of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter and outputs a signal generated according to the magnitude of the single-phase AC voltage; And an allowable value for the difference between the input PWM command and the output from the voltage detection circuit is set in advance, the difference is sampled at a predetermined period, and the difference is within the allowable value every sampling.
  • a single-phase voltage-type AC / DC conversion circuit that outputs the single-phase AC voltage output from the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter from the AC terminal;
  • a phase-delayed single-phase AC generator that delays the phase of the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal and generates a delayed single-phase AC, and based on the delayed single-phase AC, the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal and the A phase difference generation circuit for generating a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the internal electromotive voltage of a single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit;
  • a power command vector comprising an active power command value for the active power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal and a reactive power command value for the reactive power value is input, and the power command vector, the effective power of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal Based on the power value and the reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal, the power generated so that the active power value and reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal approaches the command
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention uses a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit having an internal equivalent impedance so that it can be operated by being connected to an electric power system even if it operates as a voltage source. Also, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention generates a voltage corresponding to the voltage phase difference between both ends of the internal equivalent impedance by the phase difference generation circuit, the reference frequency and the frequency command from the upper voltage control circuit by the frequency control circuit. The internal electromotive force is synchronized with the electrical angle generated from the signal and the voltage corresponding to the phase difference. Thereby, the single phase voltage type
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention generates a voltage command signal in the upper voltage control circuit so that the amplitude and frequency of the single-phase output voltage approach the command value by the upper command vector from the power control circuit. .
  • mold AC / DC converter of this invention is each of the amplitude and frequency of the single phase output voltage of the single phase voltage type
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention compensates for the deviation by controlling the amplitude and phase of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter so as to match the amplitude and phase of the power system in the lower voltage control circuit. can do.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention can be operated by being connected to the power system as a voltage source, and autonomous parallel operation for autonomously compensating for the voltage deviation with respect to the power system is possible. It is. Therefore, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention increases the reliability of the device and enables distributed arrangement. Furthermore, the single phase voltage type
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention is an AC terminal based on an input power command vector and an output power vector composed of active power and reactive power measured at an AC terminal in a power control circuit.
  • the higher order command vector is generated and output so that the active power and reactive power of the current value approach the command value by the power command vector.
  • the power control circuit converts the power command vector into the higher command vector based on the output power vector
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention has the target values of the active power and reactive power of the single-phase output power. Can be given as a command value, and the active power and reactive power of the single-phase output power can be accurately controlled without interference during autonomous parallel operation.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention gives the target values of the active power and reactive power of the single-phase output power as command values, so that the power factor can be controlled to be non-interfering, and the active power of the power command vector If the command value is zero, operation is possible with a power factor of zero in non-interference with the reactive power command value. On the other hand, if the reactive power command value in the power command vector is zero, there is no interference with the active power command value. It is possible to operate with a power factor of 1.
  • the present invention is capable of autonomous parallel operation in which individual devices autonomously control output deviation even when a plurality of units are connected in parallel with single-phase AC, and active power and reactive power. And a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter that can be controlled independently.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter samples the difference between the PWM command and the output from the current detection circuit or the voltage detection circuit at a predetermined period in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit, An error tracking method is employed in which a gate signal is generated so that the output current of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter approaches the PWM command.
  • mold AC / DC converter which concerns on this invention also has the following characteristics. (1) An arbitrary current waveform can be used as a target function of alternating current regardless of whether it is steady or transient. This single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter can be operated autonomously in parallel by setting the AC current of the power system connected to the AC terminal as a target function.
  • the limit cycle is a phenomenon such as oscillation in which a signal value reciprocates within a limit, and is a phenomenon unique to a nonlinear circuit.
  • the upper voltage control circuit includes a first multiplier that multiplies the signal based on the electrical angle generated by the frequency control circuit and the upper command vector, and the first multiplier A first subtracter that subtracts the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal from the signal output from the first subtractor from the first subtractor so that the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal approaches the command value by the upper command vector.
  • a first high-order control amplifier that amplifies a signal and outputs it as the voltage command signal; a second subtracter that subtracts a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit from the high-order command vector; and A second upper control amplifier that amplifies a signal from the second subtractor and outputs the signal as the frequency command signal so that a single-phase AC voltage approaches the command value by the upper command vector.
  • the lower voltage control circuit multiplies a reference voltage setter that sets and outputs the reference voltage, a signal based on the electrical angle generated by the frequency control circuit, and a reference voltage from the reference voltage setter.
  • a second multiplier a first adder that adds the voltage command signal from the higher voltage control circuit and a signal output from the second multiplier to output the internal electromotive voltage, and the first adder outputs
  • a third subtracter that subtracts the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal from the signal to be transmitted, and the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal so as to approach a combined value of the signal based on the reference voltage, the voltage command signal, and the electrical angle.
  • a voltage controller that controls a signal output from the third subtractor and outputs a PWM command.
  • the frequency control circuit includes a second adder for adding a frequency command signal from the higher voltage control circuit and a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit, and a signal output from the second adder.
  • a loop filter for adding a low-pass filter element to the frequency component for output; a reference frequency setter for setting the reference frequency; and a third addition for adding the output value of the reference frequency setter to the output value of the loop filter And a time integrator that time-integrates a signal output from the third adder and outputs the signal as the electrical angle.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention outputs a frequency command signal by subtracting a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit and the upper command vector in a subtracter of the upper voltage control circuit.
  • the frequency control circuit adds the frequency command signal and the voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit, adds a low-pass filter element in the loop filter of the frequency control circuit, and outputs the result.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention adds a signal from the loop filter to the reference frequency output from the reference frequency setter, and integrates the time with a time integrator to generate an electrical angle.
  • the electrical angle of the internal electromotive voltage of the voltage type AC / DC converter is synchronized. Thereby, the single phase voltage type
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention subtracts the single-phase AC voltage and the upper command vector in the subtracter of the upper voltage control circuit and outputs a voltage command signal.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention has each of the amplitude and frequency of the single-phase output power of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter for the amplitude and frequency. Can be detected, and the lower voltage control circuit can compensate for the error.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention adds the voltage command signal from the upper voltage control circuit to the reference voltage from the reference voltage setter in the lower voltage control circuit. Furthermore, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention subtracts the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal from the signal obtained by adding the reference voltage and the voltage command signal, and determines the difference between the amplitude and phase of the power system as a voltage controller. Then, it is converted so as to approach the combined value of the reference voltage and the voltage command vector, and is output as a PWM command. An auxiliary signal described later may be added to the PWM command. Thereby, the single phase voltage type
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention can be operated by being connected to a power system as a voltage source, and can be operated autonomously in parallel with the power system or another AC power source. . Therefore, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention increases the reliability of the device and enables distributed arrangement. Furthermore, the single phase voltage type
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter further comprises an output current detection circuit for detecting a single-phase AC current of the AC terminal,
  • the lower voltage control circuit includes a filter current compensator that outputs a current compensation value defined to compensate for a current loss in a single-phase AC filter circuit included in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit, and the single-phase voltage
  • a PWM current deviation compensator that outputs a current deviation compensation value defined so as to compensate for the current deviation of the single-phase AC current from the AC / DC conversion circuit, and the value of the single-phase AC current detected by the output current detection circuit is
  • a feedforward amplifier that is input and amplifies and outputs with a predetermined feedforward gain so as to compensate the current for the load on the AC terminal, a current compensation value of the filter current compensator, and a current from the PWM current deviation compensator
  • the current deviation in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit when the PWM command is set to zero command is set in advance in the PWM current deviation compensator, and the PWM command from the voltage controller is set. Can be compensated for.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention sets the current loss in the single-phase AC filter circuit of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit in advance in the filter current compensator and adds it to the PWM command from the voltage controller. By doing so, the current loss can be compensated.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention amplifies the value of the single-phase AC current at the AC terminal with a feedforward amplifier and adds it to the PWM command from the voltage controller, so that the output current changes. Can generate a stable output voltage. That is, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention adds signals from the PWM current deviation compensator, the filter current compensator and the feedforward amplifier to the PWM command from the voltage controller as auxiliary signals.
  • the phase-lag single-phase AC generator of the phase difference generation circuit delays the phase of the delayed single-phase AC by 90 ° from the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal.
  • the power control circuit of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter integrates the difference between the power command vector and the single-phase output power measurement value of the AC terminal and low-pass filters the power control signal. It is desirable to generate. This is because there are few transient fluctuations and the steady-state error can be made zero.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention further includes a limiter for determining an upper limit and a lower limit of the upper command vector, and the upper command vector is input to the upper voltage control circuit via the limiter. desirable.
  • either the active power command value or the reactive power command value of the power command vector can be set to zero. Since the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention provides the target values of the active power and reactive power of the single-phase output power as command values, the reactive power can be obtained by setting the active power command value of the power command vector to zero. Operation is possible with a power factor of zero for non-interference with the command value. On the other hand, operation with a power factor of 1 for non-interference with the active power command value is possible if the reactive power command value of the power command vector is zero. is there.
  • the present invention is capable of autonomous parallel operation in which individual devices autonomously control output deviation even when a plurality of units are connected in parallel with single-phase alternating current, and active power and reactive power are
  • a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter that can be controlled independently can be provided.
  • FIG. 11 is an equivalent circuit viewed from the AC terminal of the static reactive power compensator.
  • Vco (t) is an internal electromotive voltage
  • Ri is a resistance component of internal equivalent impedance
  • Li is an inductance component of internal equivalent impedance.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the connection relationship of the control blocks in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter.
  • the higher order command vector B1 the highest control block B2, the ac-AVR block B3, the ETM-PWM block B4, and the main switch B5 are included.
  • the ac-AVR block B3 by applying the single-phase ac-AVR mainly composed of the internal equivalent impedance described in Patent Document 2, there is a risk of demagnetization in the transformer connected to the output circuit of the inverter. Disappear.
  • the present invention increases the degree of freedom in design because the internal equivalent impedance can be a parallel circuit of a resistance component and an inductance component.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 are schematic configuration diagrams of a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present embodiment, and each block shown in FIG. 9 will be described in more detail.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 shown in FIG. 1 has an internal electromotive voltage and an internal equivalent impedance when viewed from the AC terminal 22, and a DC voltage source according to the pulse width of the gate signal generated based on the PWM command.
  • a single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit 40 that receives a voltage from (not shown) at the DC terminal 21, converts the voltage into a single-phase AC voltage, and outputs it from the AC terminal 22;
  • a power command vector 130 composed of an active power command value for the active power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal 22 and a reactive power command value for the reactive power value is input, and the power command vector 130 and the single-phase output power of the AC terminal 22 Based on the active power value and the reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal 22, the active power value and the reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal 22 are generated so as to approach the command value by the power command vector 130.
  • a power control circuit 150 that outputs a power control signal as a high-order command vector 120 comprising a voltage amplitude command value for the amplitude of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 and a frequency command value for the frequency;
  • a phase-delayed single-phase alternating current generator for generating a delayed single-phase alternating current whose phase is delayed with respect to the single-phase alternating current voltage at the alternating current terminal 22, and a single-phase alternating current voltage at the alternating current terminal 22 based on the delayed single-phase alternating current;
  • a phase difference generation circuit 30 for generating a voltage corresponding to the phase difference between the internal voltage of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit 40, and Based on the upper command vector 120 from the power control circuit 150, the voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit 30, and the single-phase AC output of the AC terminal 22, the amplitude and frequency of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 are
  • An upper voltage control circuit 70 for outputting a voltage command
  • a frequency control circuit 50 for synchronizing the electrical angle of the internal electromotive voltage of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40 to the corner; Based on the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22, the generated value from the frequency control circuit 50, and the voltage command signal from the upper voltage control circuit 70, the amplitude, frequency and phase of the single-phase output voltage are single-phase AC at the AC terminal 22.
  • a lower voltage control circuit 60 that outputs a reference voltage that defines the amplitude of the voltage, a signal generated so as to approach the combined value of the voltage command signal and the generated value as the PWM command.
  • the upper command vector 120 corresponds to the upper command vector B1 in FIG.
  • the upper voltage control circuit 70 corresponds to the uppermost control block B2 in FIG.
  • the lower voltage control circuit 60 and the frequency control circuit 50 correspond to the ac-AVR block B3 in FIG.
  • the gate signal generator 41 corresponds to the ETM-PWM block B4 in FIG.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter included in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40 corresponds to the main switch B5 of FIG.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converting circuit 40 converts a voltage from a DC voltage source (not shown) into a single-phase AC voltage according to the pulse width of the gate signal generated by the gate signal generator 41 based on the PWM command.
  • a DC voltage source is a voltage source that outputs a DC voltage by itself, such as a battery, a voltage source that generates and rectifies by a power generation method such as wind power generation, or outputs a DC voltage, or controls a DC capacitor voltage to generate a DC voltage.
  • a voltage source to be output can be exemplified.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 further includes a blocking inductor between the connection point of the output voltage detection circuit 31 and the AC terminal 22, and each of the single-phase AC voltages is connected to the AC terminal 22 via the blocking inductor. It is good also as outputting from.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 having this configuration can prevent the PWM component from flowing out to the AC terminal 22 in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40.
  • 4 and 5 show schematic configuration diagrams of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit.
  • a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converting circuit 40-1 shown in FIG. 4 has an internal electromotive voltage and an internal equivalent impedance when viewed from the AC terminal 22, and supplies a voltage from a DC voltage source according to the pulse width of the gate signal.
  • the single-phase voltage-type AC / DC converter 42 that receives the signal and converts it into a single-phase AC voltage and outputs it, and detects the single-phase AC current of the single-phase voltage-type AC / DC converter 42 and outputs a signal generated in accordance with the magnitude.
  • An allowable value for the difference between the current detection circuit 43 and the input PWM command and the output from the current detection circuit 43 is set in advance, the difference is sampled at a predetermined period, and the difference is calculated for each sampling.
  • a gate signal generator 41 that generates and outputs a gate signal so as to be within an allowable value is provided.
  • the gate signal generator 41 receives a timing pulse every sampling period.
  • the allowable value and the sampling period for the difference are set according to specifications required for the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converting circuit 40-1 removes a high-frequency component caused by the gate signal in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converting unit 42 from the single-phase AC voltage of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converting unit 42 and outputs it.
  • a single-phase AC filter circuit 45 is provided.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40-2 shown in FIG. 5 detects the single-phase AC voltage of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 42 instead of the current detection circuit 43 of FIG.
  • a voltage detection circuit 44 that outputs a signal generated according to the magnitude is provided.
  • the gate signal generator 41 is preset with an allowable value for the difference between the input PWM command and the output from the voltage detection circuit 44, and samples the difference at a predetermined cycle. A gate signal is generated and output so that the difference falls within the allowable value.
  • the internal equivalent impedance of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 42 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 can also be given by a control variable in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 of FIG. 1 as will be described later.
  • a resistor, a reactor, a single-phase transformer, or a combination thereof can be connected to the outputs of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuits 40-1 and 40-2 shown in FIGS.
  • a resistor or a reactor may be connected in series to the single-phase output of each of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuits 40-1 and 40-2, and when a resistor is further connected, a reactor is connected to the subsequent stage of the resistor. You may connect in series.
  • a single-phase transformer may be connected to the single-phase outputs of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuits 40-1 and 40-2.
  • a single-phase transformer may be connected to the subsequent stage of the reactor.
  • a resistor is connected to the single-phase output of each of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuits 40-1 and 40-2, and a reactor is connected in series to the subsequent stage of the resistor, a single-phase transformer is connected to the subsequent stage of the reactor.
  • a vessel may be connected.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40 has an internal equivalent impedance, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 of FIG. 1 can be operated as a voltage source connected to the power system. .
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 11 includes the single-phase AC filter circuit 45 (FIGS. 4 and 5) by using the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40 shown in FIG. Therefore, the high frequency component resulting from the gate signal in the single phase voltage type AC / DC converting unit 42 can be removed from the output from the single phase voltage type AC / DC converting unit 42. Further, the current detection circuit 43 or the voltage detection circuit 44 detects the current or voltage from the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 42, and the gate signal generator 41 outputs the PWM command and the output from the current detection circuit 43 or the voltage detection circuit 44. The gate signal may be generated so that the difference between and approaches zero.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit 40 controls the single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit 40 so that the current error falls within the allowable range, or follows the output voltage in accordance with the PWM command. Can be made.
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic configuration diagram of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic configuration diagram of the single-phase AC filter circuit in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the 12 includes four self-extinguishing switches 46g, 46h, 46k, and 46l, and four diodes 46a, 46b, 46e, and 46f.
  • the self-extinguishing type switches 46g, 46h, 46k, and 46l are elements that switch on / off according to on / off of an input signal.
  • MOSFET MOS type field effect transistor
  • IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 42 receives a gate signal from the gate signal generator 41 shown in FIG. 4 or 5 as an input signal.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 42 is connected to the DC voltage source 23 by turning on / off every four switches (self-extinguishing type switches 46g, 46h, 46k, 46l) according to the gate signal. Can be converted into a single-phase AC voltage and output from the AC terminals 24 and 26.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 42 can change the output voltage by changing the pulse width of the pulse signal.
  • the DC terminals 21-1 and 21-2 correspond to the DC terminal 21 of FIG.
  • the single-phase AC filter circuit 45 shown in FIG. 13 receives the single-phase output from the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 42 of FIG. 4 or 5 at the AC terminals 24 and 26 on the input side, and receives the AC terminal 22 ⁇ on the output side. Output from 1, 22-3.
  • the single-phase AC filter circuit 45 includes an inductor 47d that controls current between the AC terminals 24 and 26 and the AC terminals 22-1 and 22-3, and an AC terminal 22-1 and the AC terminal 22-3.
  • a resistor 47a and a capacitor 47g The capacitances of the inductor 47d, the resistor 47a, and the capacitor 47g can be appropriately determined according to the frequency characteristics of the output signals from the output-side AC terminals 22-1 and 22-3.
  • the resistor 47a may be omitted, and the capacitor 47g may be connected between the AC terminal 22-1 and the AC terminal 22-3.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuits 40-1 and 40-2 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 apply the single-phase AC filter circuit 45 shown in FIG. It is possible to remove high-frequency components resulting from the gate signal at.
  • AC terminals 22-1 and 22-3 correspond to the AC terminal 22 of FIG.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 may include a low-pass filter in front of the output voltage detection circuit 31 and detect the single-phase AC voltage to the output voltage detection circuit 31 via the low-pass filter. This configuration can stabilize the control of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 by removing the PWM component from the single-phase AC voltage.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 may include a low-pass filter at the subsequent stage of the output voltage detection circuit 31 and output the output voltage from the output voltage detection circuit 31 via the low-pass filter. With this configuration, it is possible to stabilize the control of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 by removing the PWM component from the output voltage from the output voltage detection circuit 31.
  • FIG. 10 is an example of a schematic configuration diagram of the phase difference generation circuit 30.
  • the phase difference generation circuit 30 is input from a terminal 33-1 and a phase-delayed single-phase AC generator 35 that generates a delayed single-phase AC delayed from a single-phase AC voltage input from a terminal 33-1 by a predetermined phase.
  • a phase difference voltage generator 36 for generating a voltage corresponding to a phase difference from a single-phase AC voltage, a delayed single-phase AC voltage from the phase-lag single-phase AC generator 35, and a value input from the terminal 33-3;
  • a terminal 33-2 for outputting a voltage corresponding to the phase difference is provided.
  • the phase-delayed single-phase AC generator 35 delays the phase of the delayed single-phase AC by approximately 90 °, but the phase to be delayed is not 0 ° or 180 ° at any angle. It doesn't matter.
  • a single-phase AC voltage V FIL (t) detected by the output voltage detection circuit 31 is input to the terminal 33-1.
  • An electrical angle 57 generated by a frequency control circuit 50 described later is input to the terminal 33-3.
  • the single-phase AC voltage V FIL (t) at the AC terminal 22 can be expressed by Equation 1.
  • ⁇ s angular frequency [rad / s]
  • ⁇ s phase angle [rad]
  • E s effective value [V].
  • the reference for the phase angle is set to the internal electromotive voltage.
  • the phase difference voltage generator 36 generates a voltage V q (corresponding to the phase difference from the single-phase AC voltage V FIL (t), the phase-lag single-phase AC voltage V ′′ FIL (t) and the generated value generated by the frequency control circuit 50.
  • the voltage V q (t) corresponding to the phase difference is expressed by Equation 3. If the angular velocity of ⁇ i is equal to ⁇ s , Equation 3 becomes a constant. Since ⁇ s is the phase difference of the voltage across the internal equivalent impedance, it is generally small. Therefore, V q (t) can be approximated as Equation 4.
  • the phase difference generation circuit 30 outputs a voltage corresponding to the generated phase difference to the frequency control circuit 50 and the upper voltage control circuit 70, respectively.
  • the frequency control circuit 50 is based on a reference frequency that defines the frequency of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22, a frequency command signal from the upper voltage control circuit 70, and an output signal from the phase difference generation circuit 30.
  • the electrical angle of the internal electromotive voltage of the conversion circuit 40 is determined.
  • the second adder 56 adds the frequency command signal from the higher voltage control circuit 70 and the voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit 30.
  • the loop filter 53 filters a low-frequency component that is a component related to the frequency difference of the single-phase AC voltage from the frequency component of the signal output from the second adder 56.
  • the low-pass filtering element of the loop filter 53 is a delay element such as a first-order delay element, for example. Thereby, the feedback loop can be stabilized.
  • the third adder 58 adds the reference frequency output from the reference frequency setting unit 51 and the output value of the loop filter 53.
  • the time integrator 55 integrates the output from the third adder 58 with time.
  • the time integrator 55 time-integrates the output from the third adder 58 to obtain the electrical angle 57 that becomes the natural angle ⁇ i .
  • the electrical angle 57 becomes the electrical angle of the internal electromotive voltage of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converting circuit 40 by the second multiplier 65 of the lower voltage control circuit 60.
  • mold AC / DC converter 11 can make the said rotation angle track the frequency of an electric power grid
  • the phase difference generation circuit 30 outputs a voltage corresponding to the phase difference between the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal 22 and the internal electromotive voltage of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit 40 as described above.
  • the signal processing in the phase difference generation circuit 30 is considered to correspond to phase comparison processing for comparing the phases of the single-phase AC voltage and the electrical angle 57 from the frequency control circuit 50.
  • the signal processing for adding and integrating the reference frequency from the reference frequency setting unit 51 and the output value from the loop filter 53 is a VCO (VCO) that varies the value of the electrical angle 57 in accordance with the output voltage from the loop filter 53. (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) signal processing. Therefore, it is considered that the phase difference generation circuit 30 and the frequency control circuit 50 operate as a PLL whose electric angle 57 is synchronized with the frequency of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 as a whole.
  • the upper voltage control circuit 70 receives the electrical angle 57 from the frequency control circuit 50, the voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit 30, and the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22. Based on these inputs, the upper voltage control circuit 70 outputs a voltage command signal and a frequency command signal generated so that the amplitude and frequency of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 approach the command value by the upper command vector 120. .
  • the upper voltage control circuit 70 may not be directly input with the upper command vector 120 but may be input through a limiter 121 that determines an upper limit and a lower limit of the upper command vector 120. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
  • the first multiplier 73 multiplies the value obtained by multiplying the sine value of the electrical angle 57 from the frequency control circuit 50 by ⁇ 2 and the voltage amplitude command value of the upper command vector 120.
  • the first subtractor 71 a subtracts the AC output voltage of the AC terminal 22 from the signal from the first multiplier 73.
  • the first upper control amplifier 72a amplifies the signal from the first subtractor 71a and outputs it as a voltage command signal so that the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 approaches the command value by the upper command vector 120.
  • the second subtractor 71b subtracts a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit 30 from a value obtained by multiplying the frequency command value of the higher order command vector 120 by ⁇ 2.
  • the second upper control amplifier 72b amplifies the signal from the second subtractor 71b and outputs it as a frequency command signal so that the frequency of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 approaches the command value by the upper command vector 120.
  • the higher-level voltage control circuit 70 is configured to account for errors in the amplitude and frequency of the single-phase output power of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 with respect to the amplitude and frequency. Can be detected.
  • the first upper control amplifier 72a and the second upper control amplifier 72b may add a low-pass filtering element to the outputs from the first subtractor 71a and the second subtractor 71b.
  • the upper voltage control circuit 70 can stabilize the feedback loop of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11.
  • the upper voltage control circuit 70 may further include a limiter subsequent to the first upper control amplifier 72a and the second upper control amplifier 72b.
  • the high-order voltage control circuit 70 outputs the outputs from the first high-order control amplifier 72a and the second high-order control amplifier 72b via a limiter, thereby preventing over-output of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 and performing control. Can be stabilized.
  • the lower voltage control circuit 60 determines the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 based on the single-phase AC voltage.
  • a signal generated so as to approach a synthesized value of the reference voltage to be defined, the voltage command signal, and the electrical angle command signal is output as a PWM command.
  • the reference voltage is set in advance by the reference voltage setting unit 61. This reference voltage is a reference for the amplitude of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22.
  • the reference voltage setting unit 61 sets and outputs the reference voltage.
  • the second multiplier 65 multiplies the value obtained by multiplying the sine value of the electrical angle 57 from the frequency control circuit 50 by ⁇ 2 and the reference voltage from the reference voltage setting unit 61.
  • the first adder 62 adds the voltage command signal from the higher voltage control circuit 70 and the signal output from the second multiplier 65 and outputs the result.
  • the output signal of the first adder 62 corresponds to the internal electromotive voltage.
  • the third subtracter 63 subtracts the signal from the output voltage detection circuit 31 from the signal output from the first adder 62.
  • the voltage controller 64 controls the output signal of the third subtractor 63 so that the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 approaches the combined value of the reference voltage, the voltage command signal, and the electrical angle command signal, and PWM Output as a command.
  • the low-order voltage control circuit 60 compensates for the deviation detected by the high-order voltage control circuit 70, and converts the amplitude and phase of the single-phase AC voltage of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 into the amplitude and phase of the power system. It is possible to control the amplitude and phase of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 so as to coincide with each other.
  • an amplifier can be applied to the voltage controller 64.
  • the lower voltage control circuit 60 may further include a low-pass filter between the third subtractor 63 and the voltage controller 64, and output the output from the third subtractor 63 via the low-pass filter. .
  • the lower voltage control circuit 60 can stabilize the control by the voltage controller 64.
  • the lower voltage control circuit 60 further provides a voltage limiter between the third subtractor 63 and the voltage controller 64 (between the low pass filter and the voltage controller 64 if a low pass filter is provided at this position).
  • the output from the third subtractor 63 may be output via a voltage limiter.
  • the lower voltage control circuit 60 can suppress transient fluctuations in the output voltage when the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 is started.
  • the output voltage detection circuit 31 detects the voltage V FIL (t) at the AC terminal 22. This detected value is input to the phase difference generation circuit 30.
  • the phase difference generation circuit 30 generates a phase delay single-phase AC voltage V ′′ FIL (t) obtained by delaying the phase of the detected value by 90 degrees by the phase delay single-phase AC generator 35 ( Equation 2).
  • the generation circuit 30 uses the phase difference voltage generator 36 to output the phase difference voltage Vq (t) using V FIL (t), V ′′ FIL (t), and a phase (generation electric angle) ⁇ i of an internal electromotive voltage described later. (Equation 3 and Equation 4).
  • the frequency control circuit 50 adds V q (t) and the frequency command value from the second upper control amplifier 72 b, and processes this with the loop filter 53. Then, the frequency control circuit 50 adds a preset reference angular frequency ⁇ co to the output of the loop filter 53 and processes it by the integration circuit 55, thereby causing the phase angle (generated electrical angle 57) ⁇ i of the internal electromotive voltage. Get. On the other hand, low voltage control circuit 60 multiplies the reference voltages E co and ⁇ 2Sinshita i that is set in advance, calculates the internal electromotive voltage by adding the voltage command value from the first upper control amplifier 72a.
  • the internal electromotive force is calculated using the voltage V FIL (t) of the AC terminal 22, the reference angular frequency ⁇ co , the reference voltage E co , the frequency command value, and the voltage command value.
  • the AC power measuring device 140 multiplies the voltage and current at the power measurement points measured by the voltage detection circuit 31 and the current detection circuit 34 by a multiplier 147-1.
  • the product is passed through the low-pass filter 149-1 and the active power value measuring circuit 145 measures the active power value.
  • the AC power measuring device 140 generates a function in which the current phase of the power measurement point is shifted by 90 degrees by the current phase delay circuit 143, and the product obtained by multiplying the voltage of the power measurement point by the multiplier 147-2.
  • the reactive power value is measured by the reactive power value measuring circuit 146 through the low-pass filter 149-2.
  • the AC power measuring device 140 may be configured as shown in FIG.
  • the AC power measuring device 140 generates a reference frequency circuit 141 that generates a reference frequency, and delays the phase of the measurement AC voltage that is an AC voltage at the power measurement point based on the reference frequency from the reference frequency circuit 141 to generate a delayed AC voltage.
  • a current phase delay circuit 143 that generates a delayed AC current by delaying the phase of the measurement AC current that is an AC current at the power measurement point based on the reference frequency from the reference frequency circuit 141;
  • a power calculation circuit 144 A power calculation circuit 144.
  • the power calculation circuit 144 multiplies the delayed AC voltage from the voltage phase delay circuit 142 and the delayed AC current from the current phase delay circuit 143 by the multiplication value obtained by multiplying the measured AC voltage and the measured AC current by the multiplier 147-1.
  • An addition value obtained by adding the multiplication value multiplied by the adder 148-1 by the adder 148-1 is passed through the low-pass filter 149-1 and measured by the active power value measuring circuit 145 as an effective power value.
  • the power calculation circuit 144 also calculates the measured AC voltage and the delayed AC current from the current phase delay circuit 143 from the multiplication value obtained by multiplying the measured AC current and the delayed AC voltage from the voltage phase delay circuit 142 by the multiplier 147-4.
  • the AC power measuring device 140 can improve the measurement accuracy of the active power value and the reactive power value, and can accurately control the active power value and the reactive power value.
  • the power control circuit 150 of FIG. 1 includes a power command vector 130 composed of an active power command value for the active power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal 22 and a reactive power command value for the reactive power value, and an AC power measuring device 140.
  • the calculated active power value and reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal 22 are input.
  • the power control circuit 150 generates a power control signal generated so that the active power value and the reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal 22 approach the command value by the power command vector 130, as the single-phase output voltage of the AC terminal 22. It is output as a high-order command vector 120 comprising a voltage amplitude command value for amplitude and a frequency command value for frequency.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 can be operated with a power factor of zero in non-interference with the reactive power command value. If the reactive power command value of the vector 130 is set to zero, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 can operate with a power factor of 1 without interference with the active power command value.
  • the power control circuit 150 generates a power control signal by integrating the difference between the power command vector 130 and the active power value and reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal 22 and low-pass filtering. .
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to another embodiment.
  • any of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuits 40-1 and 40-2 described in FIG. 4 or FIG. 5 can be applied to the single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit 40. Therefore, it is assumed that the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 of FIG. 3 is applied with any of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuits 40-1 and 40-2 of FIG. 4 or FIG.
  • the filter current compensator 66 outputs a current compensation value defined so as to compensate for a current loss in the single-phase AC filter circuit 45 (FIG. 4 or FIG. 5) in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 sets the current loss in the single-phase AC filter circuit 45 of FIG. 4 or 5 in the filter current compensator 66 in advance and adds it to the output vector from the voltage controller 64. By doing so, the current loss can be compensated.
  • the PWM current deviation compensator 67 outputs a current deviation compensation value defined so as to compensate for the current deviation of the single-phase alternating current from the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 sets the current deviation in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converting circuit 40 when the PWM command is set to zero command in the PWM current deviation compensator 67 in advance, and the voltage controller 64. Can be compensated for by adding to the output vector from. Further, the feedforward amplifier 68 receives the value of the single-phase alternating current detected by the output current detection circuit 34, amplifies it with a predetermined feedforward gain so as to compensate the current for the load of the alternating current terminal 22, and outputs it.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 detects the single-phase AC current at the AC terminal 22 in the output current detection circuit 34, and converts the value to the output value from the voltage controller 64 through the feedforward amplifier 68. By adding, a stable output voltage can be generated even if the load current changes.
  • the limiter 121 sets an upper limit and a lower limit of the upper command vector 120 and prevents an excessive upper command vector 120 from being input to the upper voltage control circuit 70.
  • the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 of FIGS. 1 to 3 has an internal equivalent impedance, so that it can be operated as a voltage source connected to the power system, and the frequency control circuit 50 Since the upper voltage control circuit 70 and the lower voltage control circuit 60 are provided, autonomous parallel operation that autonomously compensates for voltage deviation with respect to the power system is possible. Therefore, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 can be distributed in a distributed manner while improving the reliability of the apparatus. Furthermore, the single-phase voltage type
  • FIG. 8 shows the result of simulating the operation of PQ control when the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 (100 V, 50 Hz, 1 kVA) of FIG. 3 is linked to a 100 V, 50 Hz power system.
  • PQ control was started at time 60 ms, and at time 80 ms, the active power command value of the power command vector was 900 W, and the reactive power command value was 436 var.
  • the single-phase output power at the AC terminal of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter was almost the same as the power command vector 100 ms after starting the PQ control.
  • the output current waveform was a sine wave with little distortion.
  • a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter includes an inverter for photovoltaic power generation, an inverter for fuel cell, an inverter for storage system, an inverter for wind power generation with DC link, a rectifier, and SVC (reactive power compensation). Device).

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a single-phase voltage type AC-DC converter which, even when a plurality of said devices is connected in parallel and run in parallel with a single-phase alternating current, makes possible autonomous parallel running in which each device autonomously controls output deviation and which can control the active power and the reactive power independently of each other. A single-phase alternating current is generated having a prescribed phase difference with the single-phase AC voltage of an AC terminal, and the generated single-phase alternating current and the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal are used to perform PWM control of an inverter. Further, the active power and reactive power of the AC terminal are measured and the single-phase voltage type AC-DC conversion circuit is controlled such that said active power and reactive power assume desired values.

Description

単相電圧型交直変換装置Single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter
　本発明は、電力系統の電源となる系統連系装置や無停電電源装置に適用可能な単相電圧型交直変換装置に関する。 This invention relates to the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter applicable to the grid connection apparatus used as the power supply of an electric power grid | system, and an uninterruptible power supply apparatus.
　現在の電力系統の主力電源である同期発電機は、個々の発電機に同期化力があるため、個々の出力偏差を自動補正することができる。このため、このような同期発電機は横流抑制制御を行わなくても自律的に運転することができる。また、半導体により電力変換を行うインバータ（交直変換装置）は、三相機について自律並行運転（Ａｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓ　Ｐａｒａｌｌｅｌ　Ｒｕｎｎｉｎｇ：ＡＰＲｕｎ）の技術が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１を参照。）。特許文献１の三相電圧型交直変換装置は、三相出力電圧をｄｑ回転座標上にＵＭ変換し、電力系統の振幅及び周波数が上位指令ベクトルによる指令値に近づくように各軸成分をそれぞれ独立に制御するようにしている。また、特許文献１の三相電圧型交直変換装置は、ＵＭ変換回路での変換行列の回転角度に三相出力電圧の周波数差に関わる成分から生成した生成値を同期させることで、三相出力電圧の回転角度を電力系統の周波数に追従させることができる。なお、本明細書において、「出力電圧」「位相差に相応する電圧」「内部起電圧」等の交流に用いられる電圧とは時間を変数とする関数を意味する。
特開２００７－２３６０８３号公報 特開２００９－２０１２２４号公報 The synchronous generator, which is the main power source of the current power system, can automatically correct individual output deviations because the individual generators have a synchronizing power. For this reason, such a synchronous generator can be operated autonomously without performing cross current suppression control. In addition, as an inverter (AC / DC converter) that performs power conversion using a semiconductor, a technique of autonomous parallel operation (APRun) is proposed for a three-phase machine (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The three-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of Patent Document 1 UM-converts the three-phase output voltage on the dq rotation coordinates, and each axis component is independent so that the amplitude and frequency of the power system approach the command value by the upper command vector. I try to control it. Further, the three-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of Patent Document 1 synchronizes a generated value generated from a component related to a frequency difference of a three-phase output voltage with a rotation angle of a conversion matrix in a UM converter circuit, thereby generating a three-phase output. The rotation angle of the voltage can be made to follow the frequency of the power system. In the present specification, the voltage used for alternating current such as “output voltage”, “voltage corresponding to phase difference”, “internal electromotive voltage” means a function having time as a variable.
JP 2007-236083 A JP 2009-201224 A
　しかし、単相交流では特許文献１に記載されるようなＵＭ変換ができず、単相インバータは、自律並行運転が困難であった。また、電力系統に接続して運転する分散電源では、有効電力と無効電力とをそれぞれ独立して制御できることが望ましい。そこで、本発明は、単相交流で複数台を並列に接続して並行運転する場合においても、個々の装置が自律して出力偏差を制御する自律並行運転が可能であり、有効電力と無効電力とをそれぞれ独立して制御できる単相電圧型交直変換装置を提供することを目的とする。 However, UM conversion as described in Patent Document 1 is not possible with single-phase AC, and single-phase inverters are difficult to operate autonomously in parallel. Further, in a distributed power source that is connected to an electric power system and operated, it is desirable that active power and reactive power can be controlled independently. Therefore, the present invention is capable of autonomous parallel operation in which individual devices autonomously control output deviation even when a plurality of units are connected in parallel with single-phase alternating current, and active power and reactive power. It is an object to provide a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter that can be controlled independently.
　上記目的を達成するため、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、交流端子の単相交流電圧の位相と所定の位相差をもつ単相交流を発生させ、発生させた単相交流と交流端子の単相交流電圧とを利用してインバータをＰＷＭ制御することとした。すなわち、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、交流端子の単相交流電圧を、三相交流をＭ変換したときのα軸成分に相当する第一軸としている。本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、所定の位相差をもつ単相交流を、三相交流をＭ変換したときのβ軸成分に相当する第二軸としている。本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、第一軸と第二軸とを独立に制御し、周波数制御回路で生成した固有電気角を利用して単相交流電圧を電力系統の周波数に追従させるようにし、さらに、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、交流端子の有効電力と無効電力とを測定して所望の有効電力と無効電力になるように単相電圧型交直変換回路を制御することとした。 In order to achieve the above object, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention generates a single-phase alternating current having a predetermined phase difference from the phase of the single-phase alternating-current voltage at the alternating-current terminal, and the generated single-phase alternating current and alternating current are generated. The inverter is PWM controlled using the single-phase AC voltage of the terminal. That is, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention uses the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal as the first axis corresponding to the α-axis component when the three-phase AC is M-converted. In the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention, a single-phase alternating current having a predetermined phase difference is set as a second axis corresponding to a β-axis component when the three-phase alternating current is M-converted. The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention controls the first axis and the second axis independently, and uses the inherent electrical angle generated by the frequency control circuit to follow the single-phase AC voltage to the frequency of the power system. Furthermore, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention measures the active power and reactive power of the AC terminal, and the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit so as to obtain the desired active power and reactive power. I decided to control it.
　具体的には、本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置は、交流端子から見て内部起電圧と内部等価インピーダンスとを持ちゲート信号のパルス幅に応じて直流電圧源からの電圧を単相交流電圧に変換して出力する単相電圧型交直変換部、前記単相電圧型交直変換部の単相交流電流を検出し前記単相交流電流の大きさに応じて生成した信号を出力する電流検出回路、及び入力されるＰＷＭ指令と前記電流検出回路からの出力との差分についての許容値が予め設定されており、前記差分を所定周期でサンプリングし、前記サンプリング毎に前記差分が前記許容値に収まるように前記ゲート信号を発生させて出力するゲート信号発生器を有し、前記単相電圧型交直変換部が出力する前記単相交流電圧を前記交流端子から出力する単相電圧型交直変換回路と、
　前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の位相を遅延させ、遅延単相交流を発生させる位相遅れ単相交流生成器を有し、前記遅延単相交流に基づいて前記交流端子の単相交流電圧と前記単相電圧型交直変換回路の前記内部起電圧との位相差に相応する電圧を生成する位相差生成回路と、
　前記交流端子の単相出力電力の有効電力値に対する有効電力指令値及び無効電力値に対する無効電力指令値からなる電力指令ベクトルが入力され、前記電力指令ベクトル、前記交流端子の単相出力電力の有効電力値及び前記交流端子の単相出力電力の無効電力値に基づいて、前記交流端子の単相出力電力の有効電力値及び無効電力値が前記電力指令ベクトルによる指令値に近づくように生成した電力制御信号を、前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の振幅に対する電圧振幅指令値及び周波数に対する周波数指令値からなる上位指令ベクトルとして出力する電力制御回路と、
　前記電力制御回路からの前記上位指令ベクトル、前記位相差生成回路からの位相差に相応する電圧並びに前記交流端子の単相交流電圧に基づいて、前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の振幅及び周波数が前記上位指令ベクトルによる指令値に近づくように生成した電圧指令信号及び周波数指令信号を出力する上位電圧制御回路と、
　前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の周波数を規定する規準周波数、前記上位電圧制御回路からの周波数指令信号及び前記位相差生成回路からの位相差に相応する電圧に基づいて前記単相電圧型交直変換回路の前記内部起電圧の電気角を生成する周波数制御回路と、
　前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の振幅の規準となる規準電圧が設定されており、前記周波数制御回路からの電気角に基づく信号と前記規準電圧とを乗算した値に前記上位電圧制御回路からの電圧指令信号を加算して前記内部起電圧とし、前記内部起電圧と前記単相交流電圧との差分を前記ＰＷＭ指令として出力する下位電圧制御回路と、
を備える。 Specifically, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention has an internal electromotive voltage and an internal equivalent impedance when viewed from the AC terminal, and applies a single-phase voltage from a DC voltage source according to the pulse width of the gate signal. A single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter that converts and outputs an AC voltage, a current that detects a single-phase AC current of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter and outputs a signal generated according to the magnitude of the single-phase AC current An allowable value for a difference between the detection circuit and an input PWM command and an output from the current detection circuit is set in advance, the difference is sampled at a predetermined period, and the difference is the allowable value for each sampling. A single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter that outputs the single-phase AC voltage output from the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter from the AC terminal. Times And,
A phase-delayed single-phase AC generator that delays the phase of the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal and generates a delayed single-phase AC, and based on the delayed single-phase AC, the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal and the A phase difference generation circuit for generating a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the internal electromotive voltage of a single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit;
A power command vector comprising an active power command value for the active power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal and a reactive power command value for the reactive power value is input, and the power command vector, the effective power of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal Based on the power value and the reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal, the power generated so that the active power value and reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal approaches the command value by the power command vector A power control circuit that outputs a control signal as an upper command vector comprising a voltage amplitude command value for the amplitude of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal and a frequency command value for the frequency;
Based on the upper command vector from the power control circuit, the voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit, and the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal, the amplitude and frequency of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal are An upper voltage control circuit that outputs a voltage command signal and a frequency command signal generated so as to approach the command value by the upper command vector;
The single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion based on a reference frequency defining the frequency of the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal, a frequency command signal from the higher voltage control circuit, and a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit A frequency control circuit for generating an electrical angle of the internal electromotive voltage of the circuit;
A reference voltage serving as a reference for the amplitude of the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal is set, and a value obtained by multiplying the reference voltage by a signal based on the electrical angle from the frequency control circuit and the reference voltage is set. A lower voltage control circuit that adds a voltage command signal as the internal electromotive voltage, and outputs a difference between the internal electromotive voltage and the single-phase AC voltage as the PWM command;
Is provided.
　また、本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置は、交流端子から見て内部起電圧と内部等価インピーダンスとを持ちゲート信号のパルス幅に応じて直流電圧源からの電圧を単相交流電圧に変換して出力する単相電圧型交直変換部、前記単相電圧型交直変換部の単相交流電圧を検出し前記単相交流電圧の大きさに応じて生成した信号を出力する電圧検出回路、及び入力されるＰＷＭ指令と前記電圧検出回路からの出力との差分についての許容値が予め設定されており、前記差分を所定周期でサンプリングし、前記サンプリング毎に前記差分が前記許容値に収まるように前記ゲート信号を発生させて出力するゲート信号発生器を有し、前記単相電圧型交直変換部が出力する前記単相交流電圧を前記交流端子から出力する単相電圧型交直変換回路と、
　前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の位相を遅延させ、遅延単相交流を発生させる位相遅れ単相交流生成器を有し、前記遅延単相交流に基づいて前記交流端子の単相交流電圧と前記単相電圧型交直変換回路の前記内部起電圧との位相差に相応する電圧を生成する位相差生成回路と、
　前記交流端子の単相出力電力の有効電力値に対する有効電力指令値及び無効電力値に対する無効電力指令値からなる電力指令ベクトルが入力され、前記電力指令ベクトル、前記交流端子の単相出力電力の有効電力値及び前記交流端子の単相出力電力の無効電力値に基づいて、前記交流端子の単相出力電力の有効電力値及び無効電力値が前記電力指令ベクトルによる指令値に近づくように生成した電力制御信号を、前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の振幅に対する電圧振幅指令値及び周波数に対する周波数指令値からなる上位指令ベクトルとして出力する電力制御回路と、
　前記電力制御回路からの前記上位指令ベクトル、前記位相差生成回路からの位相差に相応する電圧並びに前記交流端子の単相交流電圧に基づいて、前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の振幅及び周波数が前記上位指令ベクトルによる指令値に近づくように生成した電圧指令信号及び周波数指令信号を出力する上位電圧制御回路と、
　前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の周波数を規定する規準周波数、前記上位電圧制御回路からの周波数指令信号及び前記位相差生成回路からの位相差に相応する電圧に基づいて前記単相電圧型交直変換回路の前記内部起電圧の電気角を生成する周波数制御回路と、
　前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の振幅の規準となる規準電圧が設定されており、前記周波数制御回路からの電気角に基づく信号と前記規準電圧とを乗算した値に前記上位電圧制御回路からの電圧指令信号を加算して前記内部起電圧とし、前記内部起電圧と前記単相交流電圧との差分を前記ＰＷＭ指令として出力する下位電圧制御回路と、
を備える。 The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention has an internal electromotive voltage and an internal equivalent impedance when viewed from the AC terminal, and converts the voltage from the DC voltage source into a single-phase AC voltage according to the pulse width of the gate signal. A single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter that converts and outputs, a voltage detection circuit that detects a single-phase AC voltage of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter and outputs a signal generated according to the magnitude of the single-phase AC voltage; And an allowable value for the difference between the input PWM command and the output from the voltage detection circuit is set in advance, the difference is sampled at a predetermined period, and the difference is within the allowable value every sampling. A single-phase voltage-type AC / DC conversion circuit that outputs the single-phase AC voltage output from the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter from the AC terminal;
A phase-delayed single-phase AC generator that delays the phase of the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal and generates a delayed single-phase AC, and based on the delayed single-phase AC, the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal and the A phase difference generation circuit for generating a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the internal electromotive voltage of a single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit;
A power command vector comprising an active power command value for the active power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal and a reactive power command value for the reactive power value is input, and the power command vector, the effective power of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal Based on the power value and the reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal, the power generated so that the active power value and reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal approaches the command value by the power command vector A power control circuit that outputs a control signal as an upper command vector comprising a voltage amplitude command value for the amplitude of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal and a frequency command value for the frequency;
Based on the upper command vector from the power control circuit, the voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit, and the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal, the amplitude and frequency of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal are An upper voltage control circuit that outputs a voltage command signal and a frequency command signal generated so as to approach the command value by the upper command vector;
The single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion based on a reference frequency defining the frequency of the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal, a frequency command signal from the higher voltage control circuit, and a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit A frequency control circuit for generating an electrical angle of the internal electromotive voltage of the circuit;
A reference voltage serving as a reference for the amplitude of the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal is set, and a value obtained by multiplying the reference voltage by a signal based on the electrical angle from the frequency control circuit and the reference voltage is set. A lower voltage control circuit that adds a voltage command signal as the internal electromotive voltage, and outputs a difference between the internal electromotive voltage and the single-phase AC voltage as the PWM command;
Is provided.
　本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、電圧源として動作しても電力系統に接続して運転可能なように内部等価インピーダンスを持つ単相電圧型交直変換回路を用いる。また、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、位相差生成回路で内部等価インピーダンス両端の電圧位相差に相応する電圧を生成し、周波数制御回路で規準周波数、上位電圧制御回路からの周波数指令信号及び位相差に相応する電圧から生成した電気角に内部起電圧を同期させる。これにより、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、単相交流電圧を電力系統の周波数に追従させることができる。 The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention uses a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit having an internal equivalent impedance so that it can be operated by being connected to an electric power system even if it operates as a voltage source. Also, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention generates a voltage corresponding to the voltage phase difference between both ends of the internal equivalent impedance by the phase difference generation circuit, the reference frequency and the frequency command from the upper voltage control circuit by the frequency control circuit. The internal electromotive force is synchronized with the electrical angle generated from the signal and the voltage corresponding to the phase difference. Thereby, the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter of this invention can make a single phase alternating voltage track the frequency of an electric power grid | system.
　また、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、上位電圧制御回路において、単相出力電圧の振幅及び周波数が電力制御回路からの上位指令ベクトルによる指令値に近づくように電圧指令信号を生成する。これにより、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、電力系統の振幅及び周波数が変化しても、当該振幅及び周波数に対する単相電圧型交直変換装置の単相出力電圧の振幅及び周波数のそれぞれの偏差分を検出できる。よって、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、下位電圧制御回路において電力系統の振幅及び位相に一致させるように単相電圧型交直変換装置の振幅及び位相を制御して当該偏差分を補償することができる。 The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention generates a voltage command signal in the upper voltage control circuit so that the amplitude and frequency of the single-phase output voltage approach the command value by the upper command vector from the power control circuit. . Thereby, even if the amplitude and frequency of a power system change, the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter of this invention is each of the amplitude and frequency of the single phase output voltage of the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter with respect to the said amplitude and frequency. Can be detected. Therefore, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention compensates for the deviation by controlling the amplitude and phase of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter so as to match the amplitude and phase of the power system in the lower voltage control circuit. can do.
　以上のように、本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置は、電圧源として電力系統に接続して運転することができると共に、電力系統に対する電圧偏差を自律して補償する自律並行運転が可能である。そのため、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、装置の信頼性が高まると共に分散配置が可能となる。さらに、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、複数台並列運転させる場合には、台数制限がなく運転させることができる。 As described above, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention can be operated by being connected to the power system as a voltage source, and autonomous parallel operation for autonomously compensating for the voltage deviation with respect to the power system is possible. It is. Therefore, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention increases the reliability of the device and enables distributed arrangement. Furthermore, the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter of this invention can be drive | operated without a restriction | limiting in the number of units, when making it operate | move parallelly.
　一方、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、電力制御回路で、入力された電力指令ベクトルと、交流端子で測定した有効電力及び無効電力からなる出力電力ベクトルと、に基づいて、交流端子の有効電力及び無効電力が電力指令ベクトルによる指令値に近づくように上位指令ベクトルを生成して出力する。つまり、電力制御回路が出力電力ベクトルに基づいて電力指令ベクトルを上位指令ベクトルに変換するため、本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置は、単相出力電力の有効電力及び無効電力の目標値を指令値として与えることができ、自律平行運転の際に、単相出力電力の有効電力及び無効電力を非干渉にかつ正確に制御できる。また、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、単相出力電力の有効電力及び無効電力の目標値を指令値として与えることから、力率を非干渉に制御でき、電力指令ベクトルの有効電力指令値をゼロとすれば、無効電力指令値と非干渉に力率をゼロにして動作可能であり、一方、電力指令ベクトルの無効電力指令値をゼロとすれば、有効電力指令値と非干渉に力率を１にして動作可能である。 On the other hand, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention is an AC terminal based on an input power command vector and an output power vector composed of active power and reactive power measured at an AC terminal in a power control circuit. The higher order command vector is generated and output so that the active power and reactive power of the current value approach the command value by the power command vector. In other words, since the power control circuit converts the power command vector into the higher command vector based on the output power vector, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention has the target values of the active power and reactive power of the single-phase output power. Can be given as a command value, and the active power and reactive power of the single-phase output power can be accurately controlled without interference during autonomous parallel operation. In addition, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention gives the target values of the active power and reactive power of the single-phase output power as command values, so that the power factor can be controlled to be non-interfering, and the active power of the power command vector If the command value is zero, operation is possible with a power factor of zero in non-interference with the reactive power command value. On the other hand, if the reactive power command value in the power command vector is zero, there is no interference with the active power command value. It is possible to operate with a power factor of 1.
　従って、本発明は、単相交流で複数台を並列に接続して並行運転する場合においても、個々の装置が自律して出力偏差を制御する自律並行運転が可能であり、有効電力と無効電力とをそれぞれ独立して制御できる単相電圧型交直変換装置を提供することができる。 Therefore, the present invention is capable of autonomous parallel operation in which individual devices autonomously control output deviation even when a plurality of units are connected in parallel with single-phase AC, and active power and reactive power. And a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter that can be controlled independently.
　さらに、本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置は、単相電圧型交直変換回路において、ＰＷＭ指令と電流検出回路又は電圧検出回路からの出力との差分を所定周期でサンプリングし、サンプリング毎に単相電圧型交直変換部の出力電流がＰＷＭ指令に近づくようにゲート信号を発生させる誤差追従式を採用している。このため、本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置は、以下のような特徴も有している。
（１）定常、過渡を問わず、任意の電流波形を交流電流の目標関数とすることができる。交流端子に接続する電力系統の交流電流を目標関数とすることで本単相電圧型交直変換装置を自律並行運転可能とする。
（２）実交流電流の目標関数に対する追従誤差が、あらかじめ設定した任意の誤差幅（許容値）に瞬時瞬時で常に収まることを保証する。
（３）制御装置が全ディジタル化されるので、全制御のソフトウェア化が可能である。
（４）定周期サンプリング方式であるので、ヒステリシスコンパレータ方式に指摘されるリミットサイクルの発生がない。リミットサイクルとは、信号値が限界内を往復する発振のような現象であり、非線形回路に固有の現象である。 Furthermore, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention samples the difference between the PWM command and the output from the current detection circuit or the voltage detection circuit at a predetermined period in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit, An error tracking method is employed in which a gate signal is generated so that the output current of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter approaches the PWM command. For this reason, the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter which concerns on this invention also has the following characteristics.
(1) An arbitrary current waveform can be used as a target function of alternating current regardless of whether it is steady or transient. This single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter can be operated autonomously in parallel by setting the AC current of the power system connected to the AC terminal as a target function.
(2) It is ensured that the tracking error of the actual AC current with respect to the target function always falls within a predetermined error range (allowable value) instantaneously and instantaneously.
(3) Since the control device is fully digitalized, all control software can be realized.
(4) Since it is a fixed period sampling method, there is no limit cycle that is pointed out in the hysteresis comparator method. The limit cycle is a phenomenon such as oscillation in which a signal value reciprocates within a limit, and is a phenomenon unique to a nonlinear circuit.
　本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置の各構成をより具体的に説明する。上記単相電圧型交直変換装置において、前記上位電圧制御回路は、前記周波数制御回路が生成した前記電気角に基づく信号と前記上位指令ベクトルとを乗算する第一乗算器と、前記第一乗算器が出力する信号から前記交流端子の単相交流電圧を減算する第一減算器と、前記交流端子の単相交流電圧が前記上位指令ベクトルによる前記指令値に近づくように前記第一減算器からの信号を増幅して前記電圧指令信号として出力する第一上位制御増幅器と、前記上位指令ベクトルから前記位相差生成回路からの位相差に相応する電圧を減算する第二減算器と、前記交流端子の単相交流電圧が前記上位指令ベクトルによる前記指令値に近づくように前記第二減算器からの信号を増幅して前記周波数指令信号として出力する第二上位制御増幅器と、を有し、
　前記下位電圧制御回路は、前記規準電圧を設定して出力する規準電圧設定器と、前記周波数制御回路が生成した前記電気角に基づく信号と前記規準電圧設定器からの規準電圧とを乗算する第二乗算器と、前記上位電圧制御回路からの電圧指令信号と前記第二乗算器が出力する信号とを加算して前記内部起電圧を出力する第一加算器と、前記第一加算器が出力する信号から前記交流端子の単相交流電圧を減算する第三減算器と、前記交流端子の単相交流電圧が前記規準電圧、前記電圧指令信号及び前記電気角に基づく信号の合成値に近づくように前記第三減算器が出力する信号を制御し、ＰＷＭ指令として出力する電圧制御器と、を有し、
　前記周波数制御回路は、前記上位電圧制御回路からの周波数指令信号と前記位相差生成回路からの位相差に相応する電圧とを加算する第二加算器と、前記第二加算器が出力する信号の周波数成分に低域濾過要素を付加して出力するループフィルタと、前記規準周波数を設定する規準周波数設定器と、前記ループフィルタの出力値に前記規準周波数設定器の出力値を加算する第三加算器と、前記第三加算器が出力する信号を時間積分して前記電気角として出力する時間積分器と、を有することが望ましい。 Each structure of the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter which concerns on this invention is demonstrated more concretely. In the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter, the upper voltage control circuit includes a first multiplier that multiplies the signal based on the electrical angle generated by the frequency control circuit and the upper command vector, and the first multiplier A first subtracter that subtracts the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal from the signal output from the first subtractor from the first subtractor so that the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal approaches the command value by the upper command vector. A first high-order control amplifier that amplifies a signal and outputs it as the voltage command signal; a second subtracter that subtracts a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit from the high-order command vector; and A second upper control amplifier that amplifies a signal from the second subtractor and outputs the signal as the frequency command signal so that a single-phase AC voltage approaches the command value by the upper command vector. ,
The lower voltage control circuit multiplies a reference voltage setter that sets and outputs the reference voltage, a signal based on the electrical angle generated by the frequency control circuit, and a reference voltage from the reference voltage setter. A second multiplier, a first adder that adds the voltage command signal from the higher voltage control circuit and a signal output from the second multiplier to output the internal electromotive voltage, and the first adder outputs A third subtracter that subtracts the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal from the signal to be transmitted, and the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal so as to approach a combined value of the signal based on the reference voltage, the voltage command signal, and the electrical angle. A voltage controller that controls a signal output from the third subtractor and outputs a PWM command.
The frequency control circuit includes a second adder for adding a frequency command signal from the higher voltage control circuit and a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit, and a signal output from the second adder. A loop filter for adding a low-pass filter element to the frequency component for output; a reference frequency setter for setting the reference frequency; and a third addition for adding the output value of the reference frequency setter to the output value of the loop filter And a time integrator that time-integrates a signal output from the third adder and outputs the signal as the electrical angle.
　本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、上位電圧制御回路の減算器において位相差生成回路からの位相差に相応する電圧と上位指令ベクトルとを減算して周波数指令信号を出力する。周波数制御回路で周波数指令信号と位相差生成回路からの位相差に相応する電圧とを加算し、周波数制御回路のループフィルタにおいて低域濾過要素を付加して出力する。また、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、規準周波数設定器から出力される規準周波数にループフィルタからの信号を加算し、時間積分器で時間積分して電気角を生成し、単相電圧型交直変換回路の内部起電圧の電気角を同期させる。これにより、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、単相交流電圧の回転角度を電力系統の周波数に追従させることができる。 The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention outputs a frequency command signal by subtracting a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit and the upper command vector in a subtracter of the upper voltage control circuit. The frequency control circuit adds the frequency command signal and the voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit, adds a low-pass filter element in the loop filter of the frequency control circuit, and outputs the result. In addition, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention adds a signal from the loop filter to the reference frequency output from the reference frequency setter, and integrates the time with a time integrator to generate an electrical angle. The electrical angle of the internal electromotive voltage of the voltage type AC / DC converter is synchronized. Thereby, the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter of this invention can make the rotation angle of a single phase alternating voltage track the frequency of an electric power grid | system.
　一方、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、上位電圧制御回路の減算器において単相交流電圧と上位指令ベクトルとを減算して電圧指令信号を出力する。これにより、電力系統の振幅及び周波数が変化しても、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、当該振幅及び周波数に対する単相電圧型交直変換装置の単相出力電力の振幅及び周波数のそれぞれの誤差分を検出し、下位電圧制御回路において当該誤差分を補償することができる。 On the other hand, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention subtracts the single-phase AC voltage and the upper command vector in the subtracter of the upper voltage control circuit and outputs a voltage command signal. As a result, even if the amplitude and frequency of the power system change, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention has each of the amplitude and frequency of the single-phase output power of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter for the amplitude and frequency. Can be detected, and the lower voltage control circuit can compensate for the error.
　具体的には、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、下位電圧制御回路において規準電圧設定器からの規準電圧に上位電圧制御回路からの電圧指令信号を加算する。さらに、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、規準電圧と電圧指令信号とを加算した信号から交流端子の単相交流電圧を減算し、電力系統の振幅及び位相との差分を電圧制御器で規準電圧と電圧指令ベクトルとの合成値に近づくように変換してＰＷＭ指令として出力する。ＰＷＭ指令に後述の補助信号を加算してもよい。これにより、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、単相交流電圧の振幅及び位相を電力系統の振幅及び位相に一致させるように制御することができる。 Specifically, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention adds the voltage command signal from the upper voltage control circuit to the reference voltage from the reference voltage setter in the lower voltage control circuit. Furthermore, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention subtracts the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal from the signal obtained by adding the reference voltage and the voltage command signal, and determines the difference between the amplitude and phase of the power system as a voltage controller. Then, it is converted so as to approach the combined value of the reference voltage and the voltage command vector, and is output as a PWM command. An auxiliary signal described later may be added to the PWM command. Thereby, the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter of this invention can be controlled to make the amplitude and phase of a single phase alternating voltage correspond with the amplitude and phase of an electric power grid | system.
　以上のように、本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置は、電圧源として電力系統に接続して運転することができると共に、電力系統や他の交流電源との自律並行運転が可能である。そのため、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、装置の信頼性が高まると共に分散配置が可能となる。さらに、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、複数台並列運転させる場合には、台数制限がなく運転させることができる。従って、本発明は、単相交流で複数台を並列に接続して並行運転する場合においても、個々の装置が自律して出力偏差を制御する自律並行運転が可能であり、有効電力と無効電力とをそれぞれ独立して制御できる単相電圧型交直変換装置を提供することができる。 As described above, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention can be operated by being connected to a power system as a voltage source, and can be operated autonomously in parallel with the power system or another AC power source. . Therefore, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention increases the reliability of the device and enables distributed arrangement. Furthermore, the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter of this invention can be drive | operated without a restriction | limiting in the number of units, when making it operate | move parallelly. Therefore, the present invention is capable of autonomous parallel operation in which individual devices autonomously control output deviation even when a plurality of units are connected in parallel with single-phase AC, and active power and reactive power. And a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter that can be controlled independently.
　次に、ＰＷＭ信号に補助信号を加算する単相電圧型交直変換装置について説明する。本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置は、前記交流端子の単相交流電流を検出する出力電流検出回路をさらに備え、
　前記下位電圧制御回路は、前記単相電圧型交直変換回路が有する単相交流フィルタ回路における電流損失分を補償するように規定された電流補償値を出力するフィルタ電流補償器と、前記単相電圧型交直変換回路からの単相交流電流の電流偏差を補償するように規定された電流偏差補償値を出力するＰＷＭ電流偏差補償器と、前記出力電流検出回路が検出した単相交流電流の値が入力され、前記交流端子の負荷に対する電流を補償するように所定のフィードフォワードゲインで増幅して出力するフィードフォワード増幅器と、前記フィルタ電流補償器の電流補償値、前記ＰＷＭ電流偏差補償器からの電流偏差補償値及び前記フィードフォワード増幅器からの出力値を前記電圧制御器からのＰＷＭ指令値に加算する第四加算器と、を有することが望ましい。 Next, a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter that adds an auxiliary signal to a PWM signal will be described. The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention further comprises an output current detection circuit for detecting a single-phase AC current of the AC terminal,
The lower voltage control circuit includes a filter current compensator that outputs a current compensation value defined to compensate for a current loss in a single-phase AC filter circuit included in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit, and the single-phase voltage A PWM current deviation compensator that outputs a current deviation compensation value defined so as to compensate for the current deviation of the single-phase AC current from the AC / DC conversion circuit, and the value of the single-phase AC current detected by the output current detection circuit is A feedforward amplifier that is input and amplifies and outputs with a predetermined feedforward gain so as to compensate the current for the load on the AC terminal, a current compensation value of the filter current compensator, and a current from the PWM current deviation compensator A fourth adder for adding a deviation compensation value and an output value from the feedforward amplifier to a PWM command value from the voltage controller; Desirable.
　本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、ＰＷＭ指令をゼロ指令としたときの単相電圧型交直変換回路における電流偏差分を予めＰＷＭ電流偏差補償器において設定し、電圧制御器からのＰＷＭ指令に加算することで当該電流偏差分を補償することができる。また、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、単相電圧型交直変換回路の単相交流フィルタ回路における電流損失分を予めフィルタ電流補償器において設定し、電圧制御器からのＰＷＭ指令に加算することで当該電流損失分を補償することができる。さらに、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、交流端子の単相交流電流の値をフィードフォワード増幅器で増幅し、電圧制御器からのＰＷＭ指令に加算することで、出力電流が変化しても安定した出力電圧を発生させることができる。すなわち、本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、ＰＷＭ電流偏差補償器、フィルタ電流補償器及びフィードフォワード増幅器からの信号を補助信号として電圧制御器からのＰＷＭ指令に加算している。 In the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention, the current deviation in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit when the PWM command is set to zero command is set in advance in the PWM current deviation compensator, and the PWM command from the voltage controller is set. Can be compensated for. Also, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention sets the current loss in the single-phase AC filter circuit of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit in advance in the filter current compensator and adds it to the PWM command from the voltage controller. By doing so, the current loss can be compensated. Furthermore, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter of the present invention amplifies the value of the single-phase AC current at the AC terminal with a feedforward amplifier and adds it to the PWM command from the voltage controller, so that the output current changes. Can generate a stable output voltage. That is, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention adds signals from the PWM current deviation compensator, the filter current compensator and the feedforward amplifier to the PWM command from the voltage controller as auxiliary signals.
　本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置は、前記位相差生成回路の位相遅れ単相交流発生器は、前記遅延単相交流の位相を前記交流端子の単相交流電圧から９０°遅らせることを特徴とする。 In the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention, the phase-lag single-phase AC generator of the phase difference generation circuit delays the phase of the delayed single-phase AC by 90 ° from the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal. Features.
　本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置の前記電力制御回路は、前記電力制御信号を前記電力指令ベクトルと前記交流端子の単相出力電力測定値との差分を積分し、低域ろ過して生成することが望ましい。過渡変動が少なく、定常誤差をゼロとすることができるからである。 The power control circuit of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention integrates the difference between the power command vector and the single-phase output power measurement value of the AC terminal and low-pass filters the power control signal. It is desirable to generate. This is because there are few transient fluctuations and the steady-state error can be made zero.
　また、本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置は、前記上位指令ベクトルの上限と下限を定めるリミッタをさらに備え、上位指令ベクトルは前記リミッタを介して前記上位電圧制御回路に入力されることが望ましい。 The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention further includes a limiter for determining an upper limit and a lower limit of the upper command vector, and the upper command vector is input to the upper voltage control circuit via the limiter. desirable.
　過大な上位指令ベクトルが入力されることを防止し、異常な単相交流電流が電力系統に出力されることを防止できる。 It is possible to prevent an excessively high order command vector from being input and prevent an abnormal single-phase alternating current from being output to the power system.
　本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置は、前記電力指令ベクトルの有効電力指令値又は無効電力指令値のいずれか一方をゼロとすることができる。本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置は、単相出力電力の有効電力及び無効電力の目標値を指令値として与えることから、電力指令ベクトルの有効電力指令値をゼロとすれば、無効電力指令値と非干渉に力率をゼロにして動作可能であり、一方、電力指令ベクトルの無効電力指令値をゼロとすれば、有効電力指令値と非干渉に力率を１にして動作可能である。 In the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention, either the active power command value or the reactive power command value of the power command vector can be set to zero. Since the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention provides the target values of the active power and reactive power of the single-phase output power as command values, the reactive power can be obtained by setting the active power command value of the power command vector to zero. Operation is possible with a power factor of zero for non-interference with the command value. On the other hand, operation with a power factor of 1 for non-interference with the active power command value is possible if the reactive power command value of the power command vector is zero. is there.
　本発明は、単相交流で複数台を並列に接続して並行運転する場合においても、個々の装置が自律して出力偏差を制御する自律並行運転が可能であり、有効電力と無効電力とをそれぞれ独立して制御できる単相電圧型交直変換装置を提供することができる。 The present invention is capable of autonomous parallel operation in which individual devices autonomously control output deviation even when a plurality of units are connected in parallel with single-phase alternating current, and active power and reactive power are A single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter that can be controlled independently can be provided.
本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置が備える単相電圧型交直変換回路の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC conversion circuit with which the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter which concerns on this invention is provided. 本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置が備える単相電圧型交直変換回路の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC conversion circuit with which the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter which concerns on this invention is provided. 本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置が備える交流電力測定器の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the alternating current power measuring device with which the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter which concerns on this invention is provided. 本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置が備える交流電力測定器の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the alternating current power measuring device with which the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter which concerns on this invention is provided. 単相電圧型交直変換装置（１００Ｖ、５０Ｈｚ、１ｋＶＡ）が１００Ｖ、５０Ｈｚの電力系統に連系している場合のＰＱ制御の動作をシミュレーションした結果である。It is the result of having simulated the operation | movement of PQ control in case the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter (100V, 50Hz, 1kVA) is connected with the electric power system of 100V and 50Hz. 本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置における制御ブロックの接続関係を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the connection relation of the control block in the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置が備える位相差生成回路の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the phase difference production | generation circuit with which the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter which concerns on this invention is provided. 本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置を交流端子からみた等価回路である。It is the equivalent circuit which looked at the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter which concerns on this invention from the alternating current terminal. 本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置が備える単相電圧型交直変換部の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC conversion part with which the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter which concerns on this invention is provided. 本発明に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置が備える単相交流フィルタ回路の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the single phase alternating current filter circuit with which the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter which concerns on this invention is provided.
　以下、本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。なお、本発明は、以下に示す実施形態に限定されるものではない。これらの実施の例は例示に過ぎず、本発明は当業者の知識に基づいて種々の変更、改良を施した形態で実施することができる。なお、本明細書及び図面において符号が同じ構成要素は、相互に同一のものを示すものとする。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited to embodiment shown below. These embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention can be implemented in various modifications and improvements based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art. In the present specification and drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same components.
　図１１は、静止型無効電力補償装置の交流端子からみた等価回路である。図１１で、Ｖｃｏ（ｔ）は内部起電圧、Ｒｉは内部等価インピーダンスの抵抗成分、Ｌｉは内部等価インピーダンスのインダクタンス成分である。 FIG. 11 is an equivalent circuit viewed from the AC terminal of the static reactive power compensator. In FIG. 11, Vco (t) is an internal electromotive voltage, Ri is a resistance component of internal equivalent impedance, and Li is an inductance component of internal equivalent impedance.
　図９は、単相電圧型交直変換装置における制御ブロックの接続関係を例示した図である。三相電圧型交直変換装置の場合と同様に、上位指令ベクトルＢ１、最上位制御ブロックＢ２、ａｃ－ＡＶＲブロックＢ３、ＥＴＭ－ＰＷＭブロックＢ４及び主スイッチＢ５が含まれる。ａｃ－ＡＶＲブロックＢ３については、特許文献２に記載される内部等価インピーダンスをインダクタンス主体とする単相ａｃ－ＡＶＲを適用することで、インバータの出力回路に接続される変圧器に偏磁の恐れがなくなる。さらに、本発明は、内部等価インピーダンスを抵抗成分とインダクタンス成分の並列回路とできるために設計上の自由度が増加する。 FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the connection relationship of the control blocks in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter. As in the case of the three-phase voltage type AC / DC converter, the higher order command vector B1, the highest control block B2, the ac-AVR block B3, the ETM-PWM block B4, and the main switch B5 are included. For the ac-AVR block B3, by applying the single-phase ac-AVR mainly composed of the internal equivalent impedance described in Patent Document 2, there is a risk of demagnetization in the transformer connected to the output circuit of the inverter. Disappear. Furthermore, the present invention increases the degree of freedom in design because the internal equivalent impedance can be a parallel circuit of a resistance component and an inductance component.
　図１及び図２に、本実施形態に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置の概略構成図を示し、図９で示した各ブロックについてより詳細に説明する。 1 and 2 are schematic configuration diagrams of a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present embodiment, and each block shown in FIG. 9 will be described in more detail.
　図１に示す単相電圧型交直変換装置１１は、交流端子２２から見て内部起電圧と内部等価インピーダンスとを持ち、ＰＷＭ指令に基づいて発生させたゲート信号のパルス幅に応じて直流電圧源（不図示）からの電圧を直流端子２１で受けて単相交流電圧に変換して交流端子２２から出力する単相電圧型交直変換回路４０と、
　交流端子２２の単相出力電力の有効電力値に対する有効電力指令値及び無効電力値に対する無効電力指令値からなる電力指令ベクトル１３０が入力され、電力指令ベクトル１３０、交流端子２２の単相出力電力の有効電力値及び交流端子２２の単相出力電力の無効電力値に基づいて、交流端子２２の単相出力電力の有効電力値及び無効電力値が電力指令ベクトル１３０による指令値に近づくように生成した電力制御信号を、交流端子２２の単相交流電圧の振幅に対する電圧振幅指令値及び周波数に対する周波数指令値からなる上位指令ベクトル１２０として出力する電力制御回路１５０と、
　交流端子２２の単相交流電圧に対して位相を遅延させた遅延単相交流を発生させる位相遅れ単相交流生成器を有し、前記遅延単相交流に基づいて交流端子２２の単相交流電圧と単相電圧型交直変換回路４０の内部起電圧との位相差に相応する電圧を生成する位相差生成回路３０と、
　電力制御回路１５０からの上位指令ベクトル１２０、位相差生成回路３０からの位相差に相応する電圧並びに交流端子２２の単相交流出力に基づいて、交流端子２２の単相交流電圧の振幅及び周波数が上位指令ベクトル１２０による指令値に近づくように生成した電圧指令信号及び周波数指令信号を出力する上位電圧制御回路７０と、
　交流端子２２の単相交流電圧の周波数を規定する規準周波数、上位電圧制御回路７０からの周波数指令信号及び位相差生成回路３０からの位相差に相応する電圧に基づいて電気角を生成し、電気角に単相電圧型交直変換回路４０の内部起電圧の電気角を同期させる周波数制御回路５０と、
　交流端子２２の単相交流電圧、周波数制御回路５０からの生成値並びに上位電圧制御回路７０からの電圧指令信号に基づいて、単相出力電圧の振幅、周波数及び位相が交流端子２２の単相交流電圧の振幅を規定する規準電圧、前記電圧指令信号及び前記生成値の合成値に近づくように生成した信号を前記ＰＷＭ指令として出力する下位電圧制御回路６０と、を備える。 The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 shown in FIG. 1 has an internal electromotive voltage and an internal equivalent impedance when viewed from the AC terminal 22, and a DC voltage source according to the pulse width of the gate signal generated based on the PWM command. A single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit 40 that receives a voltage from (not shown) at the DC terminal 21, converts the voltage into a single-phase AC voltage, and outputs it from the AC terminal 22;
A power command vector 130 composed of an active power command value for the active power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal 22 and a reactive power command value for the reactive power value is input, and the power command vector 130 and the single-phase output power of the AC terminal 22 Based on the active power value and the reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal 22, the active power value and the reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal 22 are generated so as to approach the command value by the power command vector 130. A power control circuit 150 that outputs a power control signal as a high-order command vector 120 comprising a voltage amplitude command value for the amplitude of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 and a frequency command value for the frequency;
A phase-delayed single-phase alternating current generator for generating a delayed single-phase alternating current whose phase is delayed with respect to the single-phase alternating current voltage at the alternating current terminal 22, and a single-phase alternating current voltage at the alternating current terminal 22 based on the delayed single-phase alternating current; And a phase difference generation circuit 30 for generating a voltage corresponding to the phase difference between the internal voltage of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit 40, and
Based on the upper command vector 120 from the power control circuit 150, the voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit 30, and the single-phase AC output of the AC terminal 22, the amplitude and frequency of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 are An upper voltage control circuit 70 for outputting a voltage command signal and a frequency command signal generated so as to approach the command value by the upper command vector 120;
An electrical angle is generated based on a reference frequency that defines the frequency of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22, a frequency command signal from the higher voltage control circuit 70, and a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit 30. A frequency control circuit 50 for synchronizing the electrical angle of the internal electromotive voltage of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40 to the corner;
Based on the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22, the generated value from the frequency control circuit 50, and the voltage command signal from the upper voltage control circuit 70, the amplitude, frequency and phase of the single-phase output voltage are single-phase AC at the AC terminal 22. A lower voltage control circuit 60 that outputs a reference voltage that defines the amplitude of the voltage, a signal generated so as to approach the combined value of the voltage command signal and the generated value as the PWM command.
　上位指令ベクトル１２０が図９の上位指令ベクトルＢ１に相当する。上位電圧制御回路７０が図９の最上位制御ブロックＢ２に相当する。下位電圧制御回路６０及び周波数制御回路５０が図９のａｃ－ＡＶＲブロックＢ３に相当する。ゲート信号発生器４１が図９のＥＴＭ－ＰＷＭブロックＢ４に相当する。単相電圧型交直変換回路４０に含まれる単相電圧型交直変換部が図９の主スイッチＢ５に相当する。 The upper command vector 120 corresponds to the upper command vector B1 in FIG. The upper voltage control circuit 70 corresponds to the uppermost control block B2 in FIG. The lower voltage control circuit 60 and the frequency control circuit 50 correspond to the ac-AVR block B3 in FIG. The gate signal generator 41 corresponds to the ETM-PWM block B4 in FIG. The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter included in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40 corresponds to the main switch B5 of FIG.
　単相電圧型交直変換回路４０は、ＰＷＭ指令に基づいてゲート信号発生器４１により発生させたゲート信号のパルス幅に応じて不図示の直流電圧源からの電圧を単相交流電圧に変換する。直流電圧源は、バッテリ等の単独で直流電圧を出力する電圧源、風力発電等の発電方法で発電し整流して直流電圧を出力する電圧源、又は直流コンデンサの電圧を制御して直流電圧を出力する電圧源を例示することができる。この場合、単相電圧型交直変換装置１１は、出力電圧検出回路３１の接続点と交流端子２２との間にさらにブロッキングインダクタを備え、単相交流電圧のそれぞれをブロッキングインダクタを介して交流端子２２から出力することとしてもよい。この構成の単相電圧型交直変換装置１１は、単相電圧型交直変換回路４０でのＰＷＭ成分の交流端子２２への流出を防止することができる。 The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converting circuit 40 converts a voltage from a DC voltage source (not shown) into a single-phase AC voltage according to the pulse width of the gate signal generated by the gate signal generator 41 based on the PWM command. A DC voltage source is a voltage source that outputs a DC voltage by itself, such as a battery, a voltage source that generates and rectifies by a power generation method such as wind power generation, or outputs a DC voltage, or controls a DC capacitor voltage to generate a DC voltage. A voltage source to be output can be exemplified. In this case, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 further includes a blocking inductor between the connection point of the output voltage detection circuit 31 and the AC terminal 22, and each of the single-phase AC voltages is connected to the AC terminal 22 via the blocking inductor. It is good also as outputting from. The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 having this configuration can prevent the PWM component from flowing out to the AC terminal 22 in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40.
　図４及び図５に単相電圧型交直変換回路の概略構成図を示す。 4 and 5 show schematic configuration diagrams of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit.
　図４に示す単相電圧型交直変換回路４０－１は、交流端子２２から見て内部起電圧と内部等価インピーダンスとを持ちゲート信号のパルス幅に応じて直流電圧源からの電圧を直流端子２１で受けて単相交流電圧に変換して出力する単相電圧型交直変換部４２、単相電圧型交直変換部４２の単相交流電流を検出しその大きさに応じて生成した信号を出力する電流検出回路４３、及び入力されるＰＷＭ指令と電流検出回路４３からの出力との差分についての許容値が予め設定されており、前記差分を所定周期でサンプリングし、前記サンプリング毎に前記差分が前記許容値に収まるようにゲート信号を発生させて出力するゲート信号発生器４１を有する。ゲート信号発生器４１は、サンプリング周期毎にタイミングパルスが入力される。前記差分についての許容値やサンプリング周期は、単相電圧型交直変換装置１１に求められる仕様により設定される。さらに、単相電圧型交直変換回路４０－１は、単相電圧型交直変換部４２の単相交流電圧から単相電圧型交直変換部４２でのゲート信号に起因する高周波成分を除去して出力する単相交流フィルタ回路４５を有する。 A single-phase voltage type AC / DC converting circuit 40-1 shown in FIG. 4 has an internal electromotive voltage and an internal equivalent impedance when viewed from the AC terminal 22, and supplies a voltage from a DC voltage source according to the pulse width of the gate signal. The single-phase voltage-type AC / DC converter 42 that receives the signal and converts it into a single-phase AC voltage and outputs it, and detects the single-phase AC current of the single-phase voltage-type AC / DC converter 42 and outputs a signal generated in accordance with the magnitude. An allowable value for the difference between the current detection circuit 43 and the input PWM command and the output from the current detection circuit 43 is set in advance, the difference is sampled at a predetermined period, and the difference is calculated for each sampling. A gate signal generator 41 that generates and outputs a gate signal so as to be within an allowable value is provided. The gate signal generator 41 receives a timing pulse every sampling period. The allowable value and the sampling period for the difference are set according to specifications required for the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11. Further, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converting circuit 40-1 removes a high-frequency component caused by the gate signal in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converting unit 42 from the single-phase AC voltage of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converting unit 42 and outputs it. A single-phase AC filter circuit 45 is provided.
　また、図５に示す単相電圧型交直変換回路４０－２は、図４の電流検出回路４３に代えて、単相電圧型交直変換部４２の単相交流電圧を検出し単相交流電圧の大きさに応じて生成した信号を出力する電圧検出回路４４を備える。この場合、ゲート信号発生器４１は、入力されるＰＷＭ指令と電圧検出回路４４からの出力との差分についての許容値が予め設定されており、前記差分を所定周期でサンプリングし、前記サンプリング毎に前記差分が前記許容値に収まるようにゲート信号を発生させて出力する。 Further, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40-2 shown in FIG. 5 detects the single-phase AC voltage of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 42 instead of the current detection circuit 43 of FIG. A voltage detection circuit 44 that outputs a signal generated according to the magnitude is provided. In this case, the gate signal generator 41 is preset with an allowable value for the difference between the input PWM command and the output from the voltage detection circuit 44, and samples the difference at a predetermined cycle. A gate signal is generated and output so that the difference falls within the allowable value.
　図４及び図５に示す単相電圧型交直変換部４２の持つ内部等価インピーダンスは、後述するように図１の単相電圧型交直変換装置１１内の制御変数により持たせることもできる。また、図４及び図５の単相電圧型交直変換回路４０－１、４０－２の出力に抵抗、リアクトル若しくは単相変圧器又はこれらの組み合わせを接続して内部等価インピーダンスとすることもできる。例えば、単相電圧型交直変換回路４０－１、４０－２の単相出力にそれぞれ抵抗又はリアクトルを直列に接続してもよいし、さらに抵抗を接続した場合には抵抗の後段にリアクトルをそれぞれ直列に接続してもよい。また、単相電圧型交直変換回路４０－１、４０－２の単相出力に単相変圧器を接続してもよい。また、単相電圧型交直変換回路４０－１、４０－２の単相出力にそれぞれリアクトルを接続した場合には、リアクトルの後段に単相変圧器を接続してもよい。さらに、単相電圧型交直変換回路４０－１、４０－２の単相出力にそれぞれ抵抗を接続し、抵抗の後段にリアクトルをそれぞれ直列に接続した場合には、当該リアクトルの後段に単相変圧器を接続してもよい。このように、単相電圧型交直変換回路４０が内部等価インピーダンスを持つことにより、図１の単相電圧型交直変換装置１１は、電圧源として電力系統に接続して運転することが可能となる。 The internal equivalent impedance of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 42 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 can also be given by a control variable in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 of FIG. 1 as will be described later. In addition, a resistor, a reactor, a single-phase transformer, or a combination thereof can be connected to the outputs of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuits 40-1 and 40-2 shown in FIGS. For example, a resistor or a reactor may be connected in series to the single-phase output of each of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuits 40-1 and 40-2, and when a resistor is further connected, a reactor is connected to the subsequent stage of the resistor. You may connect in series. A single-phase transformer may be connected to the single-phase outputs of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuits 40-1 and 40-2. When a reactor is connected to each single-phase output of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converting circuits 40-1 and 40-2, a single-phase transformer may be connected to the subsequent stage of the reactor. Further, when a resistor is connected to the single-phase output of each of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuits 40-1 and 40-2, and a reactor is connected in series to the subsequent stage of the resistor, a single-phase transformer is connected to the subsequent stage of the reactor. A vessel may be connected. As described above, since the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40 has an internal equivalent impedance, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 of FIG. 1 can be operated as a voltage source connected to the power system. .
　図１の単相電圧型交直変換回路４０を図４又は図５に示す構成とすることで、単相電圧型交直変換装置１１は、単相交流フィルタ回路４５（図４及び図５）を備えるため、単相電圧型交直変換部４２からの出力から単相電圧型交直変換部４２でのゲート信号に起因する高周波成分を除去することができる。また、電流検出回路４３又は電圧検出回路４４が単相電圧型交直変換部４２からの電流又は電圧を検出し、ゲート信号発生器４１がＰＷＭ指令と電流検出回路４３又は電圧検出回路４４からの出力との差分がゼロに近づくようにゲート信号を発生させてもよい。このような構成とすることで、単相電圧型交直変換回路４０は、単相電圧型交直変換回路４０を電流誤差が許容範囲内に収まるように制御すること、或いは出力電圧をＰＷＭ指令に追従させることができる。 The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 11 includes the single-phase AC filter circuit 45 (FIGS. 4 and 5) by using the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40 shown in FIG. Therefore, the high frequency component resulting from the gate signal in the single phase voltage type AC / DC converting unit 42 can be removed from the output from the single phase voltage type AC / DC converting unit 42. Further, the current detection circuit 43 or the voltage detection circuit 44 detects the current or voltage from the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 42, and the gate signal generator 41 outputs the PWM command and the output from the current detection circuit 43 or the voltage detection circuit 44. The gate signal may be generated so that the difference between and approaches zero. By adopting such a configuration, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit 40 controls the single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit 40 so that the current error falls within the allowable range, or follows the output voltage in accordance with the PWM command. Can be made.
　ここで、図１２に、図４及び図５における単相電圧型交直変換部の概略構成図を示す。また、図１３に、図４及び図５における単相交流フィルタ回路の概略構成図を示す。 Here, FIG. 12 shows a schematic configuration diagram of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter in FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG. 13 shows a schematic configuration diagram of the single-phase AC filter circuit in FIGS. 4 and 5.
　図１２に示す単相電圧型交直変換部４２は、４個の自己消弧型スイッチ４６ｇ、４６ｈ、４６ｋ、４６ｌと、４個のダイオード４６ａ、４６ｂ、４６ｅ、４６ｆと、を備える。自己消弧型スイッチ４６ｇ、４６ｈ、４６ｋ、４６ｌは、入力信号のオン／オフに応じてスイッチのオン／オフを切替える素子で、例えば、ＭＯＳＦＥＴ（ＭＯＳ型電界効果トランジスタ）やＩＧＢＴ（絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタ）である。単相電圧型交直変換部４２は、入力信号として図４又は図５に示すゲート信号発生器４１からゲート信号が入力される。ゲート信号に応じてパルス信号により４つのスイッチ（自己消弧型スイッチ４６ｇ、４６ｈ、４６ｋ、４６ｌ）ごとにオン／オフを行うことで、単相電圧型交直変換部４２は、直流電圧源２３からの電圧を単相交流電圧に変換して交流端子２４、２６から出力することができる。単相電圧型交直変換部４２は、パルス信号のパルス幅を変えることで出力電圧を変化させることができる。なお、図１２において直流端子２１－１、２１－２は、概略図である図１の直流端子２１に対応する。 12 includes four self-extinguishing switches 46g, 46h, 46k, and 46l, and four diodes 46a, 46b, 46e, and 46f. The self-extinguishing type switches 46g, 46h, 46k, and 46l are elements that switch on / off according to on / off of an input signal. For example, MOSFET (MOS type field effect transistor) or IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor). ). The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 42 receives a gate signal from the gate signal generator 41 shown in FIG. 4 or 5 as an input signal. The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 42 is connected to the DC voltage source 23 by turning on / off every four switches (self-extinguishing type switches 46g, 46h, 46k, 46l) according to the gate signal. Can be converted into a single-phase AC voltage and output from the AC terminals 24 and 26. The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 42 can change the output voltage by changing the pulse width of the pulse signal. In FIG. 12, the DC terminals 21-1 and 21-2 correspond to the DC terminal 21 of FIG.
　図１３に示す単相交流フィルタ回路４５は、図４又は図５の単相電圧型交直変換部４２からの単相出力を入力側の交流端子２４、２６で受けて出力側の交流端子２２－１、２２－３から出力する。単相交流フィルタ回路４５は、交流端子２４、２６と交流端子２２－１、２２－３との間に、電流を制御するインダクタ４７ｄと、交流端子２２－１と交流端子２２－３との間に接続された抵抗４７ａと、コンデンサ４７ｇと、を有する。インダクタ４７ｄ、抵抗４７ａ及びコンデンサ４７ｇの各容量は、出力側の交流端子２２－１、２２－３からの出力信号の周波数特性に応じて適宜定めることができる。なお、抵抗４７ａを省き、コンデンサ４７ｇを交流端子２２－１と交流端子２２－３との間に接続してもよい。図４及び図５の単相電圧型交直変換回路４０－１、４０－２は、単相交流フィルタ回路４５として図１３の単相交流フィルタ回路４５を適用し、単相電圧型交直変換部４２でのゲート信号に起因する高周波成分を除去することができる。なお、図１３において交流端子２２－１、２２－３は、概略図である図１の交流端子２２に対応する。 The single-phase AC filter circuit 45 shown in FIG. 13 receives the single-phase output from the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 42 of FIG. 4 or 5 at the AC terminals 24 and 26 on the input side, and receives the AC terminal 22− on the output side. Output from 1, 22-3. The single-phase AC filter circuit 45 includes an inductor 47d that controls current between the AC terminals 24 and 26 and the AC terminals 22-1 and 22-3, and an AC terminal 22-1 and the AC terminal 22-3. A resistor 47a and a capacitor 47g. The capacitances of the inductor 47d, the resistor 47a, and the capacitor 47g can be appropriately determined according to the frequency characteristics of the output signals from the output-side AC terminals 22-1 and 22-3. The resistor 47a may be omitted, and the capacitor 47g may be connected between the AC terminal 22-1 and the AC terminal 22-3. The single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuits 40-1 and 40-2 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 apply the single-phase AC filter circuit 45 shown in FIG. It is possible to remove high-frequency components resulting from the gate signal at. In FIG. 13, AC terminals 22-1 and 22-3 correspond to the AC terminal 22 of FIG.
　図１の出力電圧検出回路３１は、交流端子２２の単相交流電圧を検出し、前記単相交流電圧を位相差生成回路３０、下位電圧制御回路６０及び上位電圧制御回路７０にそれぞれ出力する。また、単相電圧型交直変換装置１１は、出力電圧検出回路３１の前段にローパスフィルタを備え、出力電圧検出回路３１への単相交流電圧をローパスフィルタを介して検出することとしてもよい。この構成は、単相交流電圧からＰＷＭ成分を除去して単相電圧型交直変換装置１１の制御を安定化させることができる。また、単相電圧型交直変換装置１１は、出力電圧検出回路３１の後段にローパスフィルタを備え、出力電圧検出回路３１からの出力電圧をローパスフィルタを介して出力することとしてもよい。この構成は、出力電圧検出回路３１からの出力電圧からＰＷＭ成分を除去して単相電圧型交直変換装置１１の制御を安定化させることができる。 1 detects the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 and outputs the single-phase AC voltage to the phase difference generation circuit 30, the lower voltage control circuit 60, and the upper voltage control circuit 70, respectively. In addition, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 may include a low-pass filter in front of the output voltage detection circuit 31 and detect the single-phase AC voltage to the output voltage detection circuit 31 via the low-pass filter. This configuration can stabilize the control of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 by removing the PWM component from the single-phase AC voltage. The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 may include a low-pass filter at the subsequent stage of the output voltage detection circuit 31 and output the output voltage from the output voltage detection circuit 31 via the low-pass filter. With this configuration, it is possible to stabilize the control of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 by removing the PWM component from the output voltage from the output voltage detection circuit 31.
　図１の出力電流検出回路３４は、変流器３８を介して交流端子２２の単相交流電流を検出し、交流電力測定器１４０に出力する。 1 detects a single-phase AC current at the AC terminal 22 via the current transformer 38 and outputs it to the AC power measuring device 140.
　図１の位相差生成回路３０は、交流端子２２の単相交流電圧ＶＦＩＬ（ｔ）と単相電圧型交直変換回路４０の内部起電圧との位相差に相応する電圧を生成する。図１０は、位相差生成回路３０の概略構成図の一例である。位相差生成回路３０は、端子３３－１から入力される単相交流電圧から所定の位相を遅らせた遅延単相交流を生成する位相遅れ単相交流生成器３５と、端子３３－１から入力される単相交流電圧、位相遅れ単相交流生成器３５からの遅延単相交流の電圧及び端子３３－３から入力される値から位相差に相応する電圧を生成する位相差電圧生成器３６と、位相差に相応する電圧を出力する端子３３－２を有する。図１０の位相差生成回路３０は、位相遅れ単相交流生成器３５が遅延単相交流の位相をほぼ９０°遅らせているが、遅らせる位相は０°及び１８０°でなければ、何れの角度でもかまわない。 1 generates a voltage corresponding to the phase difference between the single-phase AC voltage V FIL (t) at the AC terminal 22 and the internal electromotive voltage of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40. FIG. 10 is an example of a schematic configuration diagram of the phase difference generation circuit 30. The phase difference generation circuit 30 is input from a terminal 33-1 and a phase-delayed single-phase AC generator 35 that generates a delayed single-phase AC delayed from a single-phase AC voltage input from a terminal 33-1 by a predetermined phase. A phase difference voltage generator 36 for generating a voltage corresponding to a phase difference from a single-phase AC voltage, a delayed single-phase AC voltage from the phase-lag single-phase AC generator 35, and a value input from the terminal 33-3; A terminal 33-2 for outputting a voltage corresponding to the phase difference is provided. In the phase difference generation circuit 30 of FIG. 10, the phase-delayed single-phase AC generator 35 delays the phase of the delayed single-phase AC by approximately 90 °, but the phase to be delayed is not 0 ° or 180 ° at any angle. It doesn't matter.
　端子３３－１には出力電圧検出回路３１が検出した単相交流電圧ＶＦＩＬ（ｔ）が入力される。端子３３－３には、後述する周波数制御回路５０が生成する電気角５７が入力される。交流端子２２の単相交流電圧ＶＦＩＬ（ｔ）は、数式１で表せる。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000001
 ここで、ωｓ：角周波数［ｒａｄ／ｓ］、θｓ：位相角［ｒａｄ］、Ｅｓ：実効値［Ｖ］である。なお、位相角の基準を内部起電圧におく。 A single-phase AC voltage V FIL (t) detected by the output voltage detection circuit 31 is input to the terminal 33-1. An electrical angle 57 generated by a frequency control circuit 50 described later is input to the terminal 33-3. The single-phase AC voltage V FIL (t) at the AC terminal 22 can be expressed by Equation 1.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000001
 Here, ω s : angular frequency [rad / s], θ s : phase angle [rad], and E s : effective value [V]. The reference for the phase angle is set to the internal electromotive voltage.
　交流端子２２の単相交流電圧の角周波数ωｓと単相電圧型交直変換回路４０の規準角周波数ωｃｏとが等しい場合は、単相交流電圧ＶＦＩＬ（ｔ）と位相遅れ単相交流電圧Ｖ”ＦＩＬ（ｔ）との位相差が９０°となり、位相遅れ単相交流生成器３５が生成する位相遅れ単相交流電圧Ｖ”ＦＩＬ（ｔ）は数式２で表せる。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000002
 When the angular frequency ω s of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 and the reference angular frequency ω co of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40 are equal, the single-phase AC voltage V FIL (t) and the phase-lag single-phase AC voltage The phase difference from V ″ FIL (t) is 90 °, and the phase-lag single-phase AC voltage V ″ FIL (t) generated by the phase-lag single-phase AC generator 35 can be expressed by Equation 2.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000002
　位相差電圧生成器３６は、単相交流電圧ＶＦＩＬ（ｔ）、位相遅れ単相交流電圧Ｖ”ＦＩＬ（ｔ）及び周波数制御回路５０が生成する生成値から位相差に相応する電圧Ｖｑ（ｔ）を出力する。位相差に相応する電圧Ｖｑ（ｔ）は数式３で表される。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000003
 θｉの角速度がωｓに等しくなれば、数式３は定数となる。θｓは内部等価インピーダンス両端電圧の位相差であるので一般的に小さい。そこで、Ｖｑ（ｔ）は数式４のように近似できる。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000004
 The phase difference voltage generator 36 generates a voltage V q (corresponding to the phase difference from the single-phase AC voltage V FIL (t), the phase-lag single-phase AC voltage V ″ FIL (t) and the generated value generated by the frequency control circuit 50. The voltage V q (t) corresponding to the phase difference is expressed by Equation 3.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000003
 If the angular velocity of θ i is equal to ω s , Equation 3 becomes a constant. Since θ s is the phase difference of the voltage across the internal equivalent impedance, it is generally small. Therefore, V q (t) can be approximated as Equation 4.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000004
　位相差生成回路３０は、生成した位相差に相応する電圧を周波数制御回路５０及び上位電圧制御回路７０にそれぞれ出力する。なお、ここではωｓがωｃｏと等しい場合のみを示したが、等しくない場合にも同様の近似解を得ることができ、実用上の問題はない。 The phase difference generation circuit 30 outputs a voltage corresponding to the generated phase difference to the frequency control circuit 50 and the upper voltage control circuit 70, respectively. Although only the case where ω s is equal to ω co is shown here, a similar approximate solution can be obtained even when ω s is not equal, and there is no practical problem.
　周波数制御回路５０は、交流端子２２の単相交流電圧の周波数を規定する規準周波数、上位電圧制御回路７０からの周波数指令信号及び位相差生成回路３０からの出力信号に基づいて単相電圧型交直変換回路４０の内部起電圧の電気角を決定する。具体的には、図２に示すように、第二加算器５６が上位電圧制御回路７０からの周波数指令信号と位相差生成回路３０からの位相差に相応する電圧とを加算する。ループフィルタ５３は、第二加算器５６が出力する信号の周波数成分から単相交流電圧の周波数差に関わる成分である低域成分を濾過する。ループフィルタ５３の低域濾過要素は、例えば、一次遅れ要素等の遅れ要素である。これにより、フィードバックループを安定化させることができる。 The frequency control circuit 50 is based on a reference frequency that defines the frequency of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22, a frequency command signal from the upper voltage control circuit 70, and an output signal from the phase difference generation circuit 30. The electrical angle of the internal electromotive voltage of the conversion circuit 40 is determined. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the second adder 56 adds the frequency command signal from the higher voltage control circuit 70 and the voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit 30. The loop filter 53 filters a low-frequency component that is a component related to the frequency difference of the single-phase AC voltage from the frequency component of the signal output from the second adder 56. The low-pass filtering element of the loop filter 53 is a delay element such as a first-order delay element, for example. Thereby, the feedback loop can be stabilized.
　また、第三加算器５８は、規準周波数設定器５１から出力される規準周波数とループフィルタ５３の出力値とを加算する。時間積分器５５は、第三加算器５８からの出力を時間積分する。時間積分器５５が第三加算器５８からの出力を時間積分することで固有角度θｉとなる電気角５７が得られる。 The third adder 58 adds the reference frequency output from the reference frequency setting unit 51 and the output value of the loop filter 53. The time integrator 55 integrates the output from the third adder 58 with time. The time integrator 55 time-integrates the output from the third adder 58 to obtain the electrical angle 57 that becomes the natural angle θ i .
　電気角５７は、下位電圧制御回路６０の第二乗算器６５によって単相電圧型交直変換回路４０の内部起電圧の電気角になる。この構成により、単相電圧型交直変換装置１１は、当該回転角度を電力系統の周波数に追従させることができる。 The electrical angle 57 becomes the electrical angle of the internal electromotive voltage of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converting circuit 40 by the second multiplier 65 of the lower voltage control circuit 60. By this structure, the single phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter 11 can make the said rotation angle track the frequency of an electric power grid | system.
　ここで、位相差生成回路３０は、前述したように交流端子２２の単相交流電圧と単相電圧型交直変換回路４０の内部起電圧との位相差に相応する電圧を出力する。そのため、位相差生成回路３０での信号処理は、単相交流電圧と周波数制御回路５０からの電気角５７との位相を比較する位相比較処理に相当すると考えられる。また、規準周波数設定器５１からの規準周波数とループフィルタ５３からの出力値とを加算して積分する信号処理は、ループフィルタ５３からの出力電圧に応じて電気角５７の値を可変するＶＣＯ（Ｖｏｌｔａｇｅ　Ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｄ　Ｏｓｃｉｌｌａｔｏｒ）の信号処理に相当すると考えられる。そのため、位相差生成回路３０及び周波数制御回路５０は、全体として、電気角５７が交流端子２２の単相交流電圧の周波数に同期するＰＬＬとしての動作を行っていると考えられる。 Here, the phase difference generation circuit 30 outputs a voltage corresponding to the phase difference between the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal 22 and the internal electromotive voltage of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit 40 as described above. For this reason, the signal processing in the phase difference generation circuit 30 is considered to correspond to phase comparison processing for comparing the phases of the single-phase AC voltage and the electrical angle 57 from the frequency control circuit 50. In addition, the signal processing for adding and integrating the reference frequency from the reference frequency setting unit 51 and the output value from the loop filter 53 is a VCO (VCO) that varies the value of the electrical angle 57 in accordance with the output voltage from the loop filter 53. (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) signal processing. Therefore, it is considered that the phase difference generation circuit 30 and the frequency control circuit 50 operate as a PLL whose electric angle 57 is synchronized with the frequency of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 as a whole.
　図１の上位電圧制御回路７０は、後述する電力制御回路１５０からの上位指令ベクトル１２０が入力される。上位電圧制御回路７０は、周波数制御回路５０からの電気角５７、位相差生成回路３０からの位相差に相応する電圧並びに交流端子２２の単相交流電圧が入力される。上位電圧制御回路７０は、これらの入力に基づいて、交流端子２２の単相交流電圧の振幅及び周波数が上位指令ベクトル１２０による指令値に近づくように生成した電圧指令信号及び周波数指令信号を出力する。上位電圧制御回路７０には、上位指令ベクトル１２０を直接入力するのではなく、上位指令ベクトル１２０の上限と下限を定めるリミッタ１２１を介して入力してもよい。具体的には、図２に示すように、第一乗算器７３が周波数制御回路５０からの電気角５７の正弦値に√２を乗算した値と上位指令ベクトル１２０の電圧振幅指令値とを乗算する。第一減算器７１ａが第一乗算器７３からの信号から交流端子２２の交流出力電圧を減算する。第一上位制御増幅器７２ａは、交流端子２２の単相交流電圧が上位指令ベクトル１２０による前記指令値に近づくように第一減算器７１ａからの信号を増幅して電圧指令信号として出力する。また、第二減算器７１ｂが上位指令ベクトル１２０の周波数指令値に√２を乗算した値から位相差生成回路３０からの位相差に相応する電圧を減算する。第二上位制御増幅器７２ｂは、交流端子２２の単相交流電圧の周波数が上位指令ベクトル１２０による前記指令値に近づくように第二減算器７１ｂからの信号を増幅して周波数指令信号として出力する。 1 is inputted with an upper command vector 120 from a power control circuit 150 described later. The upper voltage control circuit 70 receives the electrical angle 57 from the frequency control circuit 50, the voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit 30, and the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22. Based on these inputs, the upper voltage control circuit 70 outputs a voltage command signal and a frequency command signal generated so that the amplitude and frequency of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 approach the command value by the upper command vector 120. . The upper voltage control circuit 70 may not be directly input with the upper command vector 120 but may be input through a limiter 121 that determines an upper limit and a lower limit of the upper command vector 120. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the first multiplier 73 multiplies the value obtained by multiplying the sine value of the electrical angle 57 from the frequency control circuit 50 by √2 and the voltage amplitude command value of the upper command vector 120. To do. The first subtractor 71 a subtracts the AC output voltage of the AC terminal 22 from the signal from the first multiplier 73. The first upper control amplifier 72a amplifies the signal from the first subtractor 71a and outputs it as a voltage command signal so that the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 approaches the command value by the upper command vector 120. The second subtractor 71b subtracts a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit 30 from a value obtained by multiplying the frequency command value of the higher order command vector 120 by √2. The second upper control amplifier 72b amplifies the signal from the second subtractor 71b and outputs it as a frequency command signal so that the frequency of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 approaches the command value by the upper command vector 120.
　この構成により、上位電圧制御回路７０は、電力系統の振幅及び周波数が変化しても、当該振幅及び周波数に対する単相電圧型交直変換装置１１の単相出力電力の振幅及び周波数のそれぞれの誤差分を検出できる。ここで、第一上位制御増幅器７２ａ及び第二上位制御増幅器７２ｂは、第一減算器７１ａ及び第二減算器７１ｂからの出力に低域濾過要素を付加することとしてもよい。この構成により、上位電圧制御回路７０は、単相電圧型交直変換装置１１のフィードバックループを安定化させることができる。また、上位電圧制御回路７０は、第一上位制御増幅器７２ａ及び第二上位制御増幅器７２ｂの後段にさらにリミッタを備えてもよい。上位電圧制御回路７０は、第一上位制御増幅器７２ａ及び第二上位制御増幅器７２ｂからの出力をリミッタを介して出力することで、単相電圧型交直変換装置１１の過出力を防止して制御を安定化させることができる。 With this configuration, even if the amplitude and frequency of the power system change, the higher-level voltage control circuit 70 is configured to account for errors in the amplitude and frequency of the single-phase output power of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 with respect to the amplitude and frequency. Can be detected. Here, the first upper control amplifier 72a and the second upper control amplifier 72b may add a low-pass filtering element to the outputs from the first subtractor 71a and the second subtractor 71b. With this configuration, the upper voltage control circuit 70 can stabilize the feedback loop of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11. Further, the upper voltage control circuit 70 may further include a limiter subsequent to the first upper control amplifier 72a and the second upper control amplifier 72b. The high-order voltage control circuit 70 outputs the outputs from the first high-order control amplifier 72a and the second high-order control amplifier 72b via a limiter, thereby preventing over-output of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 and performing control. Can be stabilized.
　図１の下位電圧制御回路６０は、交流端子２２の単相交流電圧、周波数制御回路５０の電気角５７を含む電気角指令信号並びに上位電圧制御回路７０からの電圧指令信号が入力される。下位電圧制御回路６０は、前記単相交流電圧、前記電気角指令信号並びに前記電圧指令信号に基づいて、前記単相交流電圧の振幅、周波数及び位相が交流端子２２の単相交流電圧の振幅を規定する規準電圧、前記電圧指令信号及び前記電気角指令信号の合成値に近づくように生成した信号をＰＷＭ指令として出力する。また、規準電圧は、規準電圧設定器６１により予め設定される。この規準電圧は交流端子２２の単相交流電圧の振幅の規準となる。 1 receives the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal 22, the electrical angle command signal including the electrical angle 57 of the frequency control circuit 50, and the voltage command signal from the upper voltage control circuit 70. Based on the single-phase AC voltage, the electrical angle command signal, and the voltage command signal, the lower voltage control circuit 60 determines the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 based on the single-phase AC voltage. A signal generated so as to approach a synthesized value of the reference voltage to be defined, the voltage command signal, and the electrical angle command signal is output as a PWM command. The reference voltage is set in advance by the reference voltage setting unit 61. This reference voltage is a reference for the amplitude of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22.
　具体的には、図２に示すように、規準電圧設定器６１が規準電圧を設定して出力する。第二乗算器６５が、周波数制御回路５０からの電気角５７の正弦値に√２を乗算した値と規準電圧設定器６１からの規準電圧とを乗算する。第一加算器６２が、上位電圧制御回路７０からの電圧指令信号と第二乗算器６５が出力する信号とを加算して出力する。なお、第一加算器６２の出力信号が前記内部起電圧に相当する。第三減算器６３が、第一加算器６２が出力する信号から出力電圧検出回路３１からの信号を減算する。電圧制御器６４が、交流端子２２の単相交流電圧が前記規準電圧、前記電圧指令信号及び前記電気角指令信号の前記合成値に近づくように第三減算器６３の出力信号を制御し、ＰＷＭ指令として出力する。 Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the reference voltage setting unit 61 sets and outputs the reference voltage. The second multiplier 65 multiplies the value obtained by multiplying the sine value of the electrical angle 57 from the frequency control circuit 50 by √2 and the reference voltage from the reference voltage setting unit 61. The first adder 62 adds the voltage command signal from the higher voltage control circuit 70 and the signal output from the second multiplier 65 and outputs the result. The output signal of the first adder 62 corresponds to the internal electromotive voltage. The third subtracter 63 subtracts the signal from the output voltage detection circuit 31 from the signal output from the first adder 62. The voltage controller 64 controls the output signal of the third subtractor 63 so that the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal 22 approaches the combined value of the reference voltage, the voltage command signal, and the electrical angle command signal, and PWM Output as a command.
　この構成により、下位電圧制御回路６０は、上位電圧制御回路７０で検出した偏差分を補償すると共に、単相電圧型交直変換装置１１の単相交流電圧の振幅及び位相を電力系統の振幅及び位相に一致させるように単相電圧型交直変換装置１１の振幅及び位相を制御することができる。電圧制御器６４は、例えば増幅器を適用することができる。ここで、下位電圧制御回路６０は、第三減算器６３と電圧制御器６４との間にさらにローパスフィルタを備え、第三減算器６３からの出力をローパスフィルタを介して出力することとしてもよい。下位電圧制御回路６０は、電圧制御器６４での制御を安定化させることができる。また、下位電圧制御回路６０は、第三減算器６３と電圧制御器６４との間（この位置にローパスフィルタを備えた場合は、ローパスフィルタと電圧制御器６４との間）にさらに電圧リミッタを備え、第三減算器６３からの出力を電圧リミッタを介して出力することとしてもよい。下位電圧制御回路６０は、単相電圧型交直変換装置１１の起動時の出力電圧の過渡変動を抑制することができる。 With this configuration, the low-order voltage control circuit 60 compensates for the deviation detected by the high-order voltage control circuit 70, and converts the amplitude and phase of the single-phase AC voltage of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 into the amplitude and phase of the power system. It is possible to control the amplitude and phase of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 so as to coincide with each other. For example, an amplifier can be applied to the voltage controller 64. Here, the lower voltage control circuit 60 may further include a low-pass filter between the third subtractor 63 and the voltage controller 64, and output the output from the third subtractor 63 via the low-pass filter. . The lower voltage control circuit 60 can stabilize the control by the voltage controller 64. The lower voltage control circuit 60 further provides a voltage limiter between the third subtractor 63 and the voltage controller 64 (between the low pass filter and the voltage controller 64 if a low pass filter is provided at this position). The output from the third subtractor 63 may be output via a voltage limiter. The lower voltage control circuit 60 can suppress transient fluctuations in the output voltage when the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 is started.
（内部起電圧計算方法）
　まず、出力電圧検出回路３１が交流端子２２の電圧ＶＦＩＬ（ｔ）を検出する。この検出値は、位相差生成回路３０に入力される。位相差生成回路３０は、位相遅れ単相交流生成器３５で前記検出値の位相を９０度遅らせた位相遅れ単相交流電圧Ｖ”ＦＩＬ（ｔ）を生成する（数２）。そして、位相差生成回路３０は、位相差電圧生成器３６でＶＦＩＬ（ｔ）、Ｖ”ＦＩＬ（ｔ）、及び後述する内部起電圧の位相（生成電気角）θiを用いて位相差電圧Ｖｑ（ｔ）を生成する（数３、数４）。 (Internal electromotive force calculation method)
First, the output voltage detection circuit 31 detects the voltage V FIL (t) at the AC terminal 22. This detected value is input to the phase difference generation circuit 30. The phase difference generation circuit 30 generates a phase delay single-phase AC voltage V ″ FIL (t) obtained by delaying the phase of the detected value by 90 degrees by the phase delay single-phase AC generator 35 ( Equation 2). The generation circuit 30 uses the phase difference voltage generator 36 to output the phase difference voltage Vq (t) using V FIL (t), V ″ FIL (t), and a phase (generation electric angle) θ i of an internal electromotive voltage described later. (Equation 3 and Equation 4).
　続いて、周波数制御回路５０は、Ｖｑ（ｔ）と第二上位制御増幅器７２ｂからの周波数指令値とを加算し、これをループフィルタ５３で処理する。そして、周波数制御回路５０は、ループフィルタ５３の出力に予め設定されている規準角周波数ωｃｏを加算して積分回路５５で処理することで内部起電圧の位相角（生成電気角５７）θｉを得る。一方、下位電圧制御回路６０は、予め設定されている規準電圧Ｅｃｏと√２ｓｉｎθｉを乗算し、第一上位制御増幅器７２ａからの電圧指令値を加算することで内部起電圧を算出する。 Subsequently, the frequency control circuit 50 adds V q (t) and the frequency command value from the second upper control amplifier 72 b, and processes this with the loop filter 53. Then, the frequency control circuit 50 adds a preset reference angular frequency ω co to the output of the loop filter 53 and processes it by the integration circuit 55, thereby causing the phase angle (generated electrical angle 57) θ i of the internal electromotive voltage. Get. On the other hand, low voltage control circuit 60 multiplies the reference voltages E co and √2Sinshita i that is set in advance, calculates the internal electromotive voltage by adding the voltage command value from the first upper control amplifier 72a.
　このように、交流端子２２の電圧ＶＦＩＬ（ｔ）、規準角周波数ωｃｏ、規準電圧Ｅｃｏ、周波数指令値及び電圧指令値を用いて内部起電圧が算出される。 In this manner, the internal electromotive force is calculated using the voltage V FIL (t) of the AC terminal 22, the reference angular frequency ω co , the reference voltage E co , the frequency command value, and the voltage command value.
（動作概要）
　自立運転時、すなわち内部起電圧Ｖｃｏ（ｔ）と交流端子２２の電圧ＶＦＩＬ（ｔ）とが一致する場合、第三減算器６３の出力はゼロとなりＰＷＭ指令がゼロ指令となる。このとき、図１１の交流電圧源Ｅは内部起電圧Ｖｃｏ（ｔ）で動作する。一方、系統連系運転時、すなわち内部起電圧Ｖｃｏ（ｔ）と交流端子２２の電圧ＶＦＩＬ（ｔ）とがずれる場合、第三減算器６３で当該ずれ量が出力され、電圧制御器６４は当該ずれを収束させるＰＷＭ指令を出力する。このとき、図１１の交流電圧源Ｅは内部起電圧Ｖｃｏ（ｔ）が電圧ＶＦＩＬ（ｔ）に近づくように動作する。 (Overview of operation)
During the self-sustained operation, that is, when the internal electromotive voltage V co (t) and the voltage V FIL (t) of the AC terminal 22 coincide with each other, the output of the third subtracter 63 becomes zero and the PWM command becomes the zero command. At this time, the AC voltage source E of FIG. 11 operates with the internal electromotive voltage V co (t). On the other hand, at the time of grid connection operation, that is, when the internal electromotive voltage V co (t) and the voltage V FIL (t) of the AC terminal 22 deviate, the deviation amount is output by the third subtractor 63 and the voltage controller 64. Outputs a PWM command to converge the deviation. At this time, the AC voltage source E in FIG. 11 operates so that the internal electromotive voltage V co (t) approaches the voltage V FIL (t).
　図１の交流電力測定器１４０は、出力電圧検出回路３１が検出した交流端子２２の単相交流電圧の値及び出力電流検出回路３４が検出した交流端子２２の単相交流電流の値が入力され、交流端子２２における単相出力電力の有効電力値と無効電力値を算出する。 1 receives the value of the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal 22 detected by the output voltage detection circuit 31 and the value of the single-phase AC current of the AC terminal 22 detected by the output current detection circuit 34. The active power value and reactive power value of the single-phase output power at the AC terminal 22 are calculated.
　具体的には、交流電力測定器１４０は、図６に示すように、電圧検出回路３１と電流検出回路３４とがそれぞれ測定した電力測定点の電圧と電流とを乗算器１４７－１で乗算した積をローパスフィルタ１４９－１に通して有効電力値測定回路１４５で有効電力値を測定する。また、交流電力測定器１４０は、電力測定点の電流位相を電流位相遅延回路１４３で９０度ずらした関数を生成し、この関数と電力測定点の電圧とを乗算器１４７－２で乗算した積をローパスフィルタ１４９－２に通して無効電力値測定回路１４６で無効電力値を測定する。 Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the AC power measuring device 140 multiplies the voltage and current at the power measurement points measured by the voltage detection circuit 31 and the current detection circuit 34 by a multiplier 147-1. The product is passed through the low-pass filter 149-1 and the active power value measuring circuit 145 measures the active power value. The AC power measuring device 140 generates a function in which the current phase of the power measurement point is shifted by 90 degrees by the current phase delay circuit 143, and the product obtained by multiplying the voltage of the power measurement point by the multiplier 147-2. The reactive power value is measured by the reactive power value measuring circuit 146 through the low-pass filter 149-2.
　また、交流電力測定器１４０は、図７に示すような構成であってもよい。交流電力測定器１４０は、規準周波数を生成する規準周波数回路１４１と、規準周波数回路１４１からの規準周波数に基づいて、電力測定点の交流電圧である測定交流電圧の位相を遅らせて遅延交流電圧を生成する電圧位相遅延回路１４２と、規準周波数回路１４１からの規準周波数に基づいて、電力測定点の交流電流である測定交流電流の位相を遅らせて遅延交流電流を生成する電流位相遅延回路１４３と、電力演算回路１４４と、を備える。電力演算回路１４４は、測定交流電圧と測定交流電流とを乗算器１４７－１で乗算した乗算値に電圧位相遅延回路１４２からの遅延交流電圧と電流位相遅延回路１４３からの遅延交流電流とを乗算器１４７－２で乗算した乗算値を加算器１４８－１で加算した加算値をローパスフィルタ１４９－１に通し、有効電力値として有効電力値測定回路１４５で測定する。また、電力演算回路１４４は、測定交流電流と電圧位相遅延回路１４２からの遅延交流電圧とを乗算器１４７－４で乗算した乗算値から測定交流電圧と電流位相遅延回路１４３からの遅延交流電流とを乗算器１４７－３で乗算した乗算値を減算器１４８－２で減算した減算値をローパスフィルタ１４９－２に通し、無効電力値として無効電力値測定回路１４６で測定する。測定交流電圧と測定交流電流との乗算値に遅延交流電圧と遅延交流電流との乗算値を加算することで、有効電力値に含まれる２倍周波数成分を低減することができる。また、測定交流電流と遅延交流電圧との乗算値から測定交流電圧と遅延交流電流との乗算値を減算することで、無効電力値に含まれる２倍周波数成分を低減することができる。このため、交流電力測定器１４０は、有効電力値と無効電力値の測定精度を向上させ、有効電力値と無効電力値を精度よく制御することができる。 Further, the AC power measuring device 140 may be configured as shown in FIG. The AC power measuring device 140 generates a reference frequency circuit 141 that generates a reference frequency, and delays the phase of the measurement AC voltage that is an AC voltage at the power measurement point based on the reference frequency from the reference frequency circuit 141 to generate a delayed AC voltage. A voltage phase delay circuit 142 to be generated; a current phase delay circuit 143 that generates a delayed AC current by delaying the phase of the measurement AC current that is an AC current at the power measurement point based on the reference frequency from the reference frequency circuit 141; A power calculation circuit 144. The power calculation circuit 144 multiplies the delayed AC voltage from the voltage phase delay circuit 142 and the delayed AC current from the current phase delay circuit 143 by the multiplication value obtained by multiplying the measured AC voltage and the measured AC current by the multiplier 147-1. An addition value obtained by adding the multiplication value multiplied by the adder 148-1 by the adder 148-1 is passed through the low-pass filter 149-1 and measured by the active power value measuring circuit 145 as an effective power value. The power calculation circuit 144 also calculates the measured AC voltage and the delayed AC current from the current phase delay circuit 143 from the multiplication value obtained by multiplying the measured AC current and the delayed AC voltage from the voltage phase delay circuit 142 by the multiplier 147-4. Is multiplied by the multiplier 147-3 and the subtracted value obtained by subtracting by the subtractor 148-2 is passed through the low-pass filter 149-2 and measured by the reactive power value measuring circuit 146 as the reactive power value. By adding the multiplied value of the delayed AC voltage and the delayed AC current to the multiplied value of the measured AC voltage and the measured AC current, the double frequency component included in the active power value can be reduced. Further, the double frequency component included in the reactive power value can be reduced by subtracting the multiplication value of the measurement AC voltage and the delay AC current from the multiplication value of the measurement AC current and the delay AC voltage. For this reason, the AC power measuring device 140 can improve the measurement accuracy of the active power value and the reactive power value, and can accurately control the active power value and the reactive power value.
　図１の電力制御回路１５０には、交流端子２２の単相出力電力の有効電力値に対する有効電力指令値及び無効電力値に対する無効電力指令値からなる電力指令ベクトル１３０と、交流電力測定器１４０が算出した交流端子２２の単相出力電力の有効電力値及び無効電力値が入力される。電力制御回路１５０は、交流端子２２の単相出力電力の有効電力値及び無効電力値が電力指令ベクトル１３０による指令値に近づくように生成した電力制御信号を、交流端子２２の単相出力電圧の振幅に対する電圧振幅指令値及び周波数に対する周波数指令値からなる上位指令ベクトル１２０として出力する。例えば、電力指令ベクトル１３０の有効電力指令値をゼロとすれば、無効電力指令値と非干渉に力率をゼロにして単相電圧型交直変換装置１１の動作が可能であり、一方、電力指令ベクトル１３０の無効電力指令値をゼロとすれば、有効電力指令値と非干渉に力率を１にして単相電圧型交直変換装置１１の動作が可能である。 The power control circuit 150 of FIG. 1 includes a power command vector 130 composed of an active power command value for the active power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal 22 and a reactive power command value for the reactive power value, and an AC power measuring device 140. The calculated active power value and reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal 22 are input. The power control circuit 150 generates a power control signal generated so that the active power value and the reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal 22 approach the command value by the power command vector 130, as the single-phase output voltage of the AC terminal 22. It is output as a high-order command vector 120 comprising a voltage amplitude command value for amplitude and a frequency command value for frequency. For example, if the active power command value of the power command vector 130 is set to zero, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 can be operated with a power factor of zero in non-interference with the reactive power command value. If the reactive power command value of the vector 130 is set to zero, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 can operate with a power factor of 1 without interference with the active power command value.
　具体的には、電力制御回路１５０は、電力制御信号を電力指令ベクトル１３０と交流端子２２の単相出力電力の有効電力値及び無効電力値との差分を積分し、低域ろ過して生成する。 Specifically, the power control circuit 150 generates a power control signal by integrating the difference between the power command vector 130 and the active power value and reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal 22 and low-pass filtering. .
　図３に、他の形態に係る単相電圧型交直変換装置の概略構成図を示す。 FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to another embodiment.
　図３の単相電圧型交直変換装置１１は、図２に示す単相電圧型交直変換装置１１の電圧制御器６４からの出力にさらにフィルタ電流補償器６６、ＰＷＭ電流偏差補償器６７及びフィードフォワード増幅器６８からの出力を第四加算器６９において加算した形態である。この場合、単相電圧型交直変換回路４０は、図４又は図５で説明したいずれかの単相電圧型交直変換回路４０－１、４０－２を適用することができる。そのため、図３の単相電圧型交直変換装置１１は、図４又は図５のいずれかの単相電圧型交直変換回路４０－１、４０－２が適用されているものとする。 3 further includes a filter current compensator 66, a PWM current deviation compensator 67, and a feed forward in addition to the output from the voltage controller 64 of the single phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 shown in FIG. The output from the amplifier 68 is added in the fourth adder 69. In this case, any of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuits 40-1 and 40-2 described in FIG. 4 or FIG. 5 can be applied to the single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit 40. Therefore, it is assumed that the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 of FIG. 3 is applied with any of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuits 40-1 and 40-2 of FIG. 4 or FIG.
　フィルタ電流補償器６６は、単相電圧型交直変換回路４０内の単相交流フィルタ回路４５（図４又は図５）における電流損失分を補償するように規定された電流補償値を出力する。これにより、単相電圧型交直変換装置１１は、図４又は図５の単相交流フィルタ回路４５における電流損失分を予めフィルタ電流補償器６６において設定し、電圧制御器６４からの出力ベクトルに加算することで当該電流損失分を補償することができる。また、ＰＷＭ電流偏差補償器６７は、単相電圧型交直変換回路４０からの単相交流電流の電流偏差分を補償するように規定された電流偏差補償値を出力する。これにより、単相電圧型交直変換装置１１は、ＰＷＭ指令をゼロ指令としたときの単相電圧型交直変換回路４０における電流偏差分を予めＰＷＭ電流偏差補償器６７において設定し、電圧制御器６４からの出力ベクトルに加算することで当該電流偏差分を補償することができる。また、フィードフォワード増幅器６８は、出力電流検出回路３４が検出した単相交流電流の値が入力され、交流端子２２の負荷に対する電流を補償するように所定のフィードフォワードゲインで増幅して出力する。これにより、単相電圧型交直変換装置１１は、出力電流検出回路３４において交流端子２２の単相交流電流を検出し、値をフィードフォワード増幅器６８をとおして、電圧制御器６４からの出力値に加算することで負荷電流が変化しても安定した出力電圧を発生することができる。 The filter current compensator 66 outputs a current compensation value defined so as to compensate for a current loss in the single-phase AC filter circuit 45 (FIG. 4 or FIG. 5) in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40. Thereby, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 sets the current loss in the single-phase AC filter circuit 45 of FIG. 4 or 5 in the filter current compensator 66 in advance and adds it to the output vector from the voltage controller 64. By doing so, the current loss can be compensated. The PWM current deviation compensator 67 outputs a current deviation compensation value defined so as to compensate for the current deviation of the single-phase alternating current from the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40. Thus, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 sets the current deviation in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converting circuit 40 when the PWM command is set to zero command in the PWM current deviation compensator 67 in advance, and the voltage controller 64. Can be compensated for by adding to the output vector from. Further, the feedforward amplifier 68 receives the value of the single-phase alternating current detected by the output current detection circuit 34, amplifies it with a predetermined feedforward gain so as to compensate the current for the load of the alternating current terminal 22, and outputs it. Thus, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 detects the single-phase AC current at the AC terminal 22 in the output current detection circuit 34, and converts the value to the output value from the voltage controller 64 through the feedforward amplifier 68. By adding, a stable output voltage can be generated even if the load current changes.
　リミッタ１２１は、上位指令ベクトル１２０の上限と下限を定め、過大な上位指令ベクトル１２０が上位電圧制御回路７０に入力されることを防止する。 The limiter 121 sets an upper limit and a lower limit of the upper command vector 120 and prevents an excessive upper command vector 120 from being input to the upper voltage control circuit 70.
　以上説明したように、図１から図３の単相電圧型交直変換装置１１は、内部等価インピーダンスを持つことから、電圧源として電力系統に接続して運転することができると共に、周波数制御回路５０、上位電圧制御回路７０及び下位電圧制御回路６０を備えるため、電力系統に対する電圧偏差を自律して補償する自律並行運転が可能である。そのため、単相電圧型交直変換装置１１は、装置の信頼性が高まると共に分散配置が可能となる。さらに、単相電圧型交直変換装置１１は、複数台並列運転させる場合には、台数制限がなく運転させることができる。 As described above, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 of FIGS. 1 to 3 has an internal equivalent impedance, so that it can be operated as a voltage source connected to the power system, and the frequency control circuit 50 Since the upper voltage control circuit 70 and the lower voltage control circuit 60 are provided, autonomous parallel operation that autonomously compensates for voltage deviation with respect to the power system is possible. Therefore, the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 can be distributed in a distributed manner while improving the reliability of the apparatus. Furthermore, the single-phase voltage type | mold AC / DC converter 11 can be made to operate | move without a number limitation, when making multiple units | sets operate in parallel.
（シミュレーション結果）
　以下、有効電力と無効電力とをそれぞれ独立して制御することをＰＱ制御と記す。図８は、図３の単相電圧型交直変換装置１１（１００Ｖ、５０Ｈｚ、１ｋＶＡ）が１００Ｖ、５０Ｈｚの電力系統に連系している場合のＰＱ制御の動作をシミュレーションした結果である。時刻６０ｍｓでＰＱ制御を開始し、時刻８０ｍｓで電力指令ベクトルの有効電力指令値が９００Ｗ、無効電力指令値が４３６ｖａｒとなるようにした。単相電圧型交直変換装置の交流端子の単相出力電力は、ＰＱ制御を開始して１００ｍｓ後には、ほぼ電力指令ベクトルどおりの値となった。出力電流波形は、ひずみの少ない正弦波となった。 (simulation result)
Hereinafter, controlling the active power and the reactive power independently is referred to as PQ control. FIG. 8 shows the result of simulating the operation of PQ control when the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 11 (100 V, 50 Hz, 1 kVA) of FIG. 3 is linked to a 100 V, 50 Hz power system. PQ control was started at time 60 ms, and at time 80 ms, the active power command value of the power command vector was 900 W, and the reactive power command value was 436 var. The single-phase output power at the AC terminal of the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter was almost the same as the power command vector 100 ms after starting the PQ control. The output current waveform was a sine wave with little distortion.
　本発明の単相電圧型交直変換装置は、太陽光発電用インバータ、燃料電池用インバータ、蓄電システム用インバータ、ＤＣリンク付風力発電用インバータ等の分散電源用インバータ、整流器、並びにＳＶＣ（無効電力補償装置）などに適用することができる。 A single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to the present invention includes an inverter for photovoltaic power generation, an inverter for fuel cell, an inverter for storage system, an inverter for wind power generation with DC link, a rectifier, and SVC (reactive power compensation). Device).
１１：単相電圧型交直変換装置
２１：直流端子
２２：交流端子
３０：位相差生成回路
３１：出力電圧検出回路
３３－１～３３－３：端子
３４：出力電流検出回路
３５：位相遅れ単相交流生成器
３６：位相差電圧生成器
３８：変流器
４０：単相電圧型交直変換回路
４０－１、４０－２：単相電圧型交直変換回路
４１：ゲート信号発生器
４２：単相電圧型交直変換部
４３：電流検出回路
４４：電圧検出回路
４５：単相交流フィルタ回路
５０：周波数制御回路
５１：規準周波数設定器
５３：ループフィルタ
５５：時間積分器
５６：第二加算器
５７：電気角
５８：第三加算器
６０：下位電圧制御回路
６１：規準電圧設定器
６２：第一加算器
６３：第三減算器
６４：電圧制御器
６５：第二乗算器
６６ ：フィルタ電流補償器
６７：ＰＷＭ電流偏差補償器
６８：フィードフォワード増幅器
６９：第四加算器
７０：上位電圧制御回路
７１ａ：第一減算器
７１ｂ：第二減算器
７２ａ：第一上位制御増幅器
７２ｂ：第二上位制御増幅器
７３：第一乗算器
１２０：上位指令ベクトル
１２１：リミッタ
１３０：電力指令ベクトル
１４０：交流電力測定器
１４１：規準周波数回路
１４２：電圧位相遅延回路
１４３：電流位相遅延回路
１４４：電力演算回路
１４５：有効電力値測定回路
１４６：無効電力値測定回路
１４７－１、１４７－２、１４７－３、１４７－４：乗算器
１４８－１：加算器
１４８－２：減算器
１４９－１、１４９－２：ローパスフィルタ
１５０：電力制御回路
Ｂ１：上位指令ベクトル
Ｂ２：最上位制御ブロック
Ｂ３：ａｃ－ＡＶＲブロック
Ｂ４：ＥＴＭ－ＰＷＭブロック
Ｂ５：主スイッチ 11: Single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter 21: DC terminal 22: AC terminal 30: Phase difference generation circuit 31: Output voltage detection circuit 33-1 to 33-3: Terminal 34: Output current detection circuit 35: Phase delay single phase AC generator 36: phase difference voltage generator 38: current transformer 40: single phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 40-1, 40-2: single phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit 41: gate signal generator 42: single phase voltage Type AC / DC converter 43: current detection circuit 44: voltage detection circuit 45: single-phase AC filter circuit 50: frequency control circuit 51: reference frequency setting unit 53: loop filter 55: time integrator 56: second adder 57: electricity Angle 58: Third adder 60: Lower voltage control circuit 61: Reference voltage setter 62: First adder 63: Third subtractor 64: Voltage controller 65: Second multiplier 66: Filter current compensator 67: PWM current deviation compensator 6 8: Feed forward amplifier 69: Fourth adder 70: Upper voltage control circuit 71a: First subtractor 71b: Second subtractor 72a: First upper control amplifier 72b: Second upper control amplifier 73: First multiplier 120 : Upper command vector 121: Limiter 130: Power command vector 140: AC power measuring device 141: Reference frequency circuit 142: Voltage phase delay circuit 143: Current phase delay circuit 144: Power calculation circuit 145: Active power value measurement circuit 146: Invalid Power value measuring circuit 147-1, 147-2, 147-3, 147-4: multiplier 148-1: adder 148-2: subtractor 149-1, 149-2: low-pass filter 150: power control circuit B1 : Upper command vector B2: Most significant control block B3: ac-AVR block B4: ETM-PWM block B5: Main switch

Claims (14)

  1. 　交流端子から見て内部起電圧と内部等価インピーダンスとを持ちゲート信号のパルス幅に応じて直流電圧源からの電圧を単相交流電圧に変換して出力する単相電圧型交直変換部、前記単相電圧型交直変換部の単相交流電流を検出し前記単相交流電流の大きさに応じて生成した信号を出力する電流検出回路、及び入力されるＰＷＭ指令と前記電流検出回路からの出力との差分についての許容値が予め設定されており、前記差分を所定周期でサンプリングし、前記サンプリング毎に前記差分が前記許容値に収まるように前記ゲート信号を発生させて出力するゲート信号発生器を有し、前記単相電圧型交直変換部が出力する前記単相交流電圧を前記交流端子から出力する単相電圧型交直変換回路と、
    　前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の位相を遅延させ、遅延単相交流を発生させる位相遅れ単相交流生成器を有し、前記遅延単相交流に基づいて前記交流端子の単相交流電圧と前記単相電圧型交直変換回路の前記内部起電圧との位相差に相応する電圧を生成する位相差生成回路と、
    　前記交流端子の単相出力電力の有効電力値に対する有効電力指令値及び無効電力値に対する無効電力指令値からなる電力指令ベクトルが入力され、前記電力指令ベクトル、前記交流端子の単相出力電力の有効電力値及び前記交流端子の単相出力電力の無効電力値に基づいて、前記交流端子の単相出力電力の有効電力値及び無効電力値が前記電力指令ベクトルによる指令値に近づくように生成した電力制御信号を、前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の振幅に対する電圧振幅指令値及び周波数に対する周波数指令値からなる上位指令ベクトルとして出力する電力制御回路と、
    　前記電力制御回路からの前記上位指令ベクトル、前記位相差生成回路からの位相差に相応する電圧並びに前記交流端子の単相交流電圧に基づいて、前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の振幅及び周波数が前記上位指令ベクトルによる指令値に近づくように生成した電圧指令信号及び周波数指令信号を出力する上位電圧制御回路と、
    　前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の周波数を規定する規準周波数、前記上位電圧制御回路からの周波数指令信号及び前記位相差生成回路からの位相差に相応する電圧に基づいて前記単相電圧型交直変換回路の前記内部起電圧の電気角を生成する周波数制御回路と、
    　前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の振幅の規準となる規準電圧が設定されており、前記周波数制御回路からの電気角に基づく信号と前記規準電圧とを乗算した値に前記上位電圧制御回路からの電圧指令信号を加算して前記内部起電圧とし、前記内部起電圧と前記単相交流電圧との差分を前記ＰＷＭ指令として出力する下位電圧制御回路と、
    を備える単相電圧型交直変換装置。     A single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter that has an internal electromotive voltage and an internal equivalent impedance when viewed from the AC terminal and converts the voltage from the DC voltage source into a single-phase AC voltage according to the pulse width of the gate signal, A current detection circuit that detects a single-phase alternating current of a phase voltage type AC / DC converter and outputs a signal generated according to the magnitude of the single-phase alternating current; and an input PWM command and an output from the current detection circuit; A gate signal generator configured to sample the difference at a predetermined period, generate the gate signal so that the difference falls within the tolerance for each sampling, and output the gate signal. A single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit that outputs the single-phase AC voltage output by the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter from the AC terminal;
    A phase-delayed single-phase AC generator that delays the phase of the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal and generates a delayed single-phase AC, and based on the delayed single-phase AC, the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal and the A phase difference generation circuit for generating a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the internal electromotive voltage of a single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit;
    A power command vector comprising an active power command value for the active power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal and a reactive power command value for the reactive power value is input, and the power command vector, the effective power of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal Based on the power value and the reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal, the power generated so that the active power value and reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal approaches the command value by the power command vector A power control circuit that outputs a control signal as an upper command vector comprising a voltage amplitude command value for the amplitude of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal and a frequency command value for the frequency;
    Based on the upper command vector from the power control circuit, the voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit, and the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal, the amplitude and frequency of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal are An upper voltage control circuit that outputs a voltage command signal and a frequency command signal generated so as to approach the command value by the upper command vector;
    The single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion based on a reference frequency defining the frequency of the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal, a frequency command signal from the higher voltage control circuit, and a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit A frequency control circuit for generating an electrical angle of the internal electromotive voltage of the circuit;
    A reference voltage serving as a reference for the amplitude of the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal is set, and a value obtained by multiplying the reference voltage by a signal based on the electrical angle from the frequency control circuit and the reference voltage is set. A lower voltage control circuit that adds a voltage command signal as the internal electromotive voltage, and outputs a difference between the internal electromotive voltage and the single-phase AC voltage as the PWM command;
    A single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter.
  2. 　前記上位電圧制御回路は、前記周波数制御回路が生成した前記電気角に基づく信号と前記上位指令ベクトルとを乗算する第一乗算器と、前記第一乗算器が出力する信号から前記交流端子の単相交流電圧を減算する第一減算器と、前記交流端子の単相交流電圧が前記上位指令ベクトルによる前記指令値に近づくように前記第一減算器からの信号を増幅して前記電圧指令信号として出力する第一上位制御増幅器と、前記上位指令ベクトルから前記位相差生成回路からの位相差に相応する電圧を減算する第二減算器と、前記交流端子の単相交流電圧が前記上位指令ベクトルによる前記指令値に近づくように前記第二減算器からの信号を増幅して前記周波数指令信号として出力する第二上位制御増幅器と、を有し、
    　前記下位電圧制御回路は、前記規準電圧を設定して出力する規準電圧設定器と、前記周波数制御回路が生成した前記電気角に基づく信号と前記規準電圧設定器からの規準電圧とを乗算する第二乗算器と、前記上位電圧制御回路からの電圧指令信号と前記第二乗算器が出力する信号とを加算して前記内部起電圧を出力する第一加算器と、前記第一加算器が出力する信号から前記交流端子の単相交流電圧を減算する第三減算器と、前記交流端子の単相交流電圧が前記規準電圧、前記電圧指令信号及び前記電気角に基づく信号の合成値に近づくように前記第三減算器が出力する信号を制御し、ＰＷＭ指令として出力する電圧制御器と、を有し、
    　前記周波数制御回路は、前記上位電圧制御回路からの周波数指令信号と前記位相差生成回路からの位相差に相応する電圧とを加算する第二加算器と、前記第二加算器が出力する信号の周波数成分に低域濾過要素を付加して出力するループフィルタと、前記規準周波数を設定する規準周波数設定器と、前記ループフィルタの出力値に前記規準周波数設定器の出力値を加算する第三加算器と、前記第三加算器が出力する信号を時間積分して前記電気角として出力する時間積分器と、を有することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の単相電圧型交直変換装置。     The upper voltage control circuit includes a first multiplier that multiplies the signal based on the electrical angle generated by the frequency control circuit and the upper command vector, and a signal output from the first multiplier that simply outputs the AC terminal. A first subtractor for subtracting a phase AC voltage, and amplifying the signal from the first subtractor so that the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal approaches the command value by the upper command vector as the voltage command signal A first upper control amplifier for outputting, a second subtracter for subtracting a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit from the upper command vector, and a single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal according to the upper command vector. A second upper control amplifier that amplifies the signal from the second subtractor so as to approach the command value and outputs the signal as the frequency command signal;
    The lower voltage control circuit multiplies a reference voltage setter that sets and outputs the reference voltage, a signal based on the electrical angle generated by the frequency control circuit, and a reference voltage from the reference voltage setter. A second multiplier, a first adder that adds the voltage command signal from the higher voltage control circuit and a signal output from the second multiplier to output the internal electromotive voltage, and the first adder outputs A third subtracter that subtracts the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal from the signal to be transmitted, and the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal so as to approach a combined value of the signal based on the reference voltage, the voltage command signal, and the electrical angle. A voltage controller that controls a signal output from the third subtractor and outputs a PWM command.
    The frequency control circuit includes a second adder for adding a frequency command signal from the higher voltage control circuit and a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit, and a signal output from the second adder. A loop filter for adding a low-pass filter element to the frequency component for output; a reference frequency setter for setting the reference frequency; and a third addition for adding the output value of the reference frequency setter to the output value of the loop filter 2. The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to claim 1, further comprising a time integrator that time-integrates a signal output from the third adder and outputs the signal as the electrical angle.
  3. 　前記交流端子の単相交流電流を検出する出力電流検出回路をさらに備え、
    　前記下位電圧制御回路は、前記単相電圧型交直変換回路が有する単相交流フィルタ回路における電流損失分を補償するように規定された電流補償値を出力するフィルタ電流補償器と、前記単相電圧型交直変換回路からの単相交流電流の電流偏差を補償するように規定された電流偏差補償値を出力するＰＷＭ電流偏差補償器と、前記出力電流検出回路が検出した単相交流電流の値が入力され、前記交流端子の負荷に対する電流を補償するように所定のフィードフォワードゲインで増幅して出力するフィードフォワード増幅器と、前記フィルタ電流補償器の電流補償値、前記ＰＷＭ電流偏差補償器からの電流偏差補償値及び前記フィードフォワード増幅器からの出力値を前記電圧制御器からのＰＷＭ指令値に加算する第四加算器と、を有することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の単相電圧型交直変換装置。     An output current detection circuit for detecting a single-phase AC current of the AC terminal;
    The lower voltage control circuit includes a filter current compensator that outputs a current compensation value defined to compensate for a current loss in a single-phase AC filter circuit included in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit, and the single-phase voltage A PWM current deviation compensator that outputs a current deviation compensation value defined so as to compensate for the current deviation of the single-phase AC current from the AC / DC conversion circuit, and the value of the single-phase AC current detected by the output current detection circuit is A feedforward amplifier that is input and amplifies and outputs with a predetermined feedforward gain so as to compensate the current for the load on the AC terminal, a current compensation value of the filter current compensator, and a current from the PWM current deviation compensator A fourth adder for adding a deviation compensation value and an output value from the feedforward amplifier to a PWM command value from the voltage controller; Single-phase voltage-type AC-DC converter according to claim 2, characterized.
  4. 　前記位相差生成回路の位相遅れ単相交流発生器は、
    　前記遅延単相交流の位相を前記交流端子の単相交流電圧から９０°遅らせることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の単相電圧型交直変換装置。     The phase delay single-phase AC generator of the phase difference generation circuit is:
    2. The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the phase of the delayed single-phase AC is delayed by 90 ° from the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal.
  5. 　前記電力制御回路は、前記電力制御信号を前記電力指令ベクトルと前記交流端子の単相出力電力測定値との差分を積分し、低域ろ過して生成することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の単相電圧型交直変換装置。 The power control circuit generates the power control signal by integrating a difference between the power command vector and a single-phase output power measurement value of the AC terminal and performing low-pass filtering. Single phase voltage type AC / DC converter.
  6. 　前記上位指令ベクトルの上限と下限を定めるリミッタをさらに備え、上位指令ベクトルは前記リミッタを介して前記上位電圧制御回路に入力されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の単相電圧型交直変換装置。 2. The single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion according to claim 1, further comprising a limiter that determines an upper limit and a lower limit of the upper command vector, wherein the upper command vector is input to the upper voltage control circuit via the limiter. apparatus.
  7. 　前記電力指令ベクトルの有効電力指令値又は無効電力指令値のいずれか一方がゼロであることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の単相電圧型交直変換装置。 The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to claim 1, wherein either one of the active power command value and the reactive power command value of the power command vector is zero.
  8. 　交流端子から見て内部起電圧と内部等価インピーダンスとを持ちゲート信号のパルス幅に応じて直流電圧源からの電圧を単相交流電圧に変換して出力する単相電圧型交直変換部、前記単相電圧型交直変換部の単相交流電圧を検出し前記単相交流電圧の大きさに応じて生成した信号を出力する電圧検出回路、及び入力されるＰＷＭ指令と前記電圧検出回路からの出力との差分についての許容値が予め設定されており、前記差分を所定周期でサンプリングし、前記サンプリング毎に前記差分が前記許容値に収まるように前記ゲート信号を発生させて出力するゲート信号発生器を有し、前記単相電圧型交直変換部が出力する前記単相交流電圧を前記交流端子から出力する単相電圧型交直変換回路と、
    　前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の位相を遅延させ、遅延単相交流を発生させる位相遅れ単相交流生成器を有し、前記遅延単相交流に基づいて前記交流端子の単相交流電圧と前記単相電圧型交直変換回路の前記内部起電圧との位相差に相応する電圧を生成する位相差生成回路と、
    　前記交流端子の単相出力電力の有効電力値に対する有効電力指令値及び無効電力値に対する無効電力指令値からなる電力指令ベクトルが入力され、前記電力指令ベクトル、前記交流端子の単相出力電力の有効電力値及び前記交流端子の単相出力電力の無効電力値に基づいて、前記交流端子の単相出力電力の有効電力値及び無効電力値が前記電力指令ベクトルによる指令値に近づくように生成した電力制御信号を、前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の振幅に対する電圧振幅指令値及び周波数に対する周波数指令値からなる上位指令ベクトルとして出力する電力制御回路と、
    　前記電力制御回路からの前記上位指令ベクトル、前記位相差生成回路からの位相差に相応する電圧並びに前記交流端子の単相交流電圧に基づいて、前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の振幅及び周波数が前記上位指令ベクトルによる指令値に近づくように生成した電圧指令信号及び周波数指令信号を出力する上位電圧制御回路と、
    　前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の周波数を規定する規準周波数、前記上位電圧制御回路からの周波数指令信号及び前記位相差生成回路からの位相差に相応する電圧に基づいて前記単相電圧型交直変換回路の前記内部起電圧の電気角を生成する周波数制御回路と、
    　前記交流端子の単相交流電圧の振幅の規準となる規準電圧が設定されており、前記周波数制御回路からの電気角に基づく信号と前記規準電圧とを乗算した値に前記上位電圧制御回路からの電圧指令信号を加算して前記内部起電圧とし、前記内部起電圧と前記単相交流電圧との差分を前記ＰＷＭ指令として出力する下位電圧制御回路と、
    を備える単相電圧型交直変換装置。     A single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter that has an internal electromotive voltage and an internal equivalent impedance when viewed from the AC terminal and converts the voltage from the DC voltage source into a single-phase AC voltage according to the pulse width of the gate signal, A voltage detection circuit that detects a single-phase AC voltage of a phase voltage type AC / DC converter and outputs a signal generated according to the magnitude of the single-phase AC voltage, and an input PWM command and an output from the voltage detection circuit A gate signal generator configured to sample the difference at a predetermined period, generate the gate signal so that the difference falls within the tolerance for each sampling, and output the gate signal. A single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit that outputs the single-phase AC voltage output by the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter from the AC terminal;
    A phase-delayed single-phase AC generator that delays the phase of the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal and generates a delayed single-phase AC, and based on the delayed single-phase AC, the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal and the A phase difference generation circuit for generating a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the internal electromotive voltage of a single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion circuit;
    A power command vector comprising an active power command value for the active power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal and a reactive power command value for the reactive power value is input, and the power command vector, the effective power of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal Based on the power value and the reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal, the power generated so that the active power value and reactive power value of the single-phase output power of the AC terminal approaches the command value by the power command vector A power control circuit that outputs a control signal as an upper command vector comprising a voltage amplitude command value for the amplitude of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal and a frequency command value for the frequency;
    Based on the upper command vector from the power control circuit, the voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit, and the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal, the amplitude and frequency of the single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal are An upper voltage control circuit that outputs a voltage command signal and a frequency command signal generated so as to approach the command value by the upper command vector;
    The single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion based on a reference frequency defining the frequency of the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal, a frequency command signal from the higher voltage control circuit, and a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit A frequency control circuit for generating an electrical angle of the internal electromotive voltage of the circuit;
    A reference voltage serving as a reference for the amplitude of the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal is set, and a value obtained by multiplying the reference voltage by a signal based on the electrical angle from the frequency control circuit and the reference voltage is set. A lower voltage control circuit that adds a voltage command signal as the internal electromotive voltage, and outputs a difference between the internal electromotive voltage and the single-phase AC voltage as the PWM command;
    A single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter.
  9. 　前記上位電圧制御回路は、前記周波数制御回路が生成した前記電気角に基づく信号と前記上位指令ベクトルとを乗算する第一乗算器と、前記第一乗算器が出力する信号から前記交流端子の単相交流電圧を減算する第一減算器と、前記交流端子の単相交流電圧が前記上位指令ベクトルによる前記指令値に近づくように前記第一減算器からの信号を増幅して前記電圧指令信号として出力する第一上位制御増幅器と、前記上位指令ベクトルから前記位相差生成回路からの位相差に相応する電圧を減算する第二減算器と、前記交流端子の単相交流電圧が前記上位指令ベクトルによる前記指令値に近づくように前記第二減算器からの信号を増幅して前記周波数指令信号として出力する第二上位制御増幅器と、を有し、
    　前記下位電圧制御回路は、前記規準電圧を設定して出力する規準電圧設定器と、前記周波数制御回路が生成した前記電気角に基づく信号と前記規準電圧設定器からの規準電圧とを乗算する第二乗算器と、前記上位電圧制御回路からの電圧指令信号と前記第二乗算器が出力する信号とを加算して前記内部起電圧を出力する第一加算器と、前記第一加算器が出力する信号から前記交流端子の単相交流電圧を減算する第三減算器と、前記交流端子の単相交流電圧が前記規準電圧、前記電圧指令信号及び前記電気角に基づく信号の合成値に近づくように前記第三減算器が出力する信号を制御し、ＰＷＭ指令として出力する電圧制御器と、を有し、
    　前記周波数制御回路は、前記上位電圧制御回路からの周波数指令信号と前記位相差生成回路からの位相差に相応する電圧とを加算する第二加算器と、前記第二加算器が出力する信号の周波数成分に低域濾過要素を付加して出力するループフィルタと、前記規準周波数を設定する規準周波数設定器と、前記ループフィルタの出力値に前記規準周波数設定器の出力値を加算する第三加算器と、前記第三加算器が出力する信号を時間積分して前記電気角として出力する時間積分器と、を有することを特徴とする請求項８に記載の単相電圧型交直変換装置。     The upper voltage control circuit includes a first multiplier that multiplies the signal based on the electrical angle generated by the frequency control circuit and the upper command vector, and a signal output from the first multiplier that simply outputs the AC terminal. A first subtractor for subtracting a phase AC voltage, and amplifying the signal from the first subtractor so that the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal approaches the command value by the upper command vector as the voltage command signal A first upper control amplifier for outputting, a second subtracter for subtracting a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit from the upper command vector, and a single-phase AC voltage at the AC terminal according to the upper command vector. A second upper control amplifier that amplifies the signal from the second subtractor so as to approach the command value and outputs the signal as the frequency command signal;
    The lower voltage control circuit multiplies a reference voltage setter that sets and outputs the reference voltage, a signal based on the electrical angle generated by the frequency control circuit, and a reference voltage from the reference voltage setter. A second multiplier, a first adder that adds the voltage command signal from the higher voltage control circuit and a signal output from the second multiplier to output the internal electromotive voltage, and the first adder outputs A third subtracter that subtracts the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal from the signal to be transmitted, and the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal so as to approach a combined value of the signal based on the reference voltage, the voltage command signal, and the electrical angle. A voltage controller that controls a signal output from the third subtractor and outputs a PWM command.
    The frequency control circuit includes a second adder for adding a frequency command signal from the higher voltage control circuit and a voltage corresponding to the phase difference from the phase difference generation circuit, and a signal output from the second adder. A loop filter for adding a low-pass filter element to the frequency component for output; a reference frequency setter for setting the reference frequency; and a third addition for adding the output value of the reference frequency setter to the output value of the loop filter 9. The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to claim 8, further comprising a time integrator that time-integrates a signal output from the third adder and outputs the signal as the electrical angle.
  10. 　前記交流端子の単相交流電流を検出する出力電流検出回路をさらに備え、
    　前記下位電圧制御回路は、前記単相電圧型交直変換回路が有する単相交流フィルタ回路における電流損失分を補償するように規定された電流補償値を出力するフィルタ電流補償器と、前記単相電圧型交直変換回路からの単相交流電流の電流偏差を補償するように規定された電流偏差補償値を出力するＰＷＭ電流偏差補償器と、前記出力電流検出回路が検出した単相交流電流の値が入力され、前記交流端子の負荷に対する電流を補償するように所定のフィードフォワードゲインで増幅して出力するフィードフォワード増幅器と、前記フィルタ電流補償器の電流補償値、前記ＰＷＭ電流偏差補償器からの電流偏差補償値及び前記フィードフォワード増幅器からの出力値を前記電圧制御器からのＰＷＭ指令値に加算する第四加算器と、を有することを特徴とする請求項９に記載の単相電圧型交直変換装置。     An output current detection circuit for detecting a single-phase AC current of the AC terminal;
    The lower voltage control circuit includes a filter current compensator that outputs a current compensation value defined to compensate for a current loss in a single-phase AC filter circuit included in the single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter circuit, and the single-phase voltage A PWM current deviation compensator that outputs a current deviation compensation value defined so as to compensate for the current deviation of the single-phase AC current from the AC / DC conversion circuit, and the value of the single-phase AC current detected by the output current detection circuit is A feedforward amplifier that is input and amplifies and outputs with a predetermined feedforward gain so as to compensate the current for the load on the AC terminal, a current compensation value of the filter current compensator, and a current from the PWM current deviation compensator A fourth adder for adding a deviation compensation value and an output value from the feedforward amplifier to a PWM command value from the voltage controller; Single-phase voltage-type AC-DC converter according to claim 9, characterized.
  11. 　前記位相差生成回路の位相遅れ単相交流発生器は、
    　前記遅延単相交流の位相を前記交流端子の単相交流電圧から９０°遅らせることを特徴とする請求項８に記載の単相電圧型交直変換装置。     The phase delay single-phase AC generator of the phase difference generation circuit is:
    9. The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to claim 8, wherein the phase of the delayed single-phase AC is delayed by 90 ° from the single-phase AC voltage of the AC terminal.
  12. 　前記電力制御回路は、前記電力制御信号を前記電力指令ベクトルと前記交流端子の単相出力電力測定値との差分を積分し、低域ろ過して生成することを特徴とする請求項８に記載の単相電圧型交直変換装置。 The power control circuit generates the power control signal by integrating a difference between the power command vector and a single-phase output power measurement value of the AC terminal, and performing low-pass filtering. Single phase voltage type AC / DC converter.
  13. 　前記上位指令ベクトルの上限と下限を定めるリミッタをさらに備え、上位指令ベクトルは前記リミッタを介して前記上位電圧制御回路に入力されることを特徴とする請求項８に記載の単相電圧型交直変換装置。 9. The single-phase voltage type AC / DC conversion according to claim 8, further comprising a limiter for determining an upper limit and a lower limit of the upper command vector, wherein the upper command vector is input to the upper voltage control circuit via the limiter. apparatus.
  14. 　前記電力指令ベクトルの有効電力指令値又は無効電力指令値のいずれか一方がゼロであることを特徴とする請求項８に記載の単相電圧型交直変換装置。 The single-phase voltage type AC / DC converter according to claim 8, wherein either one of the active power command value and the reactive power command value of the power command vector is zero.
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